The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, December 07, 1905, Image 2

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Old Mizzkook's Stratagem Bj HESMAN CAILAND. M^^hbjX maps of British North Is) America, such as were Is0| sued ten years a?o. one will L_ find an extensive region [Bjj [?}] about the head waters of the Peace River, across which is printed the word, "Unexplored." It is a tract as large as the State of Maiue, walled round to the south by that transverse range of the Rockies ir. which the Fraser River,rises; and the scene of this narrative is the valley of a small tributary now known as 31 cDougal's Creek. Along the creek for a distance of several miles there are grassy plats of alluvial meadows of such fertility and such sylvan be: uty that in the summer of 1S04 one Kcscce McDougal was tempted to settle here, having it in mind to keep cattle and sheep. Lofty crags sheltered ihe valley 011 the west side; and against the almost perpendicular face of one of these McDougal constructed a comfortable shack of pine logs and "splits," and adjoining it built a log shed for the three cows, which one by one he led up here from the nearest human habitation, fifty miles lower down the river. To this remote spot, during the summer of I8D0, he brought liis wife and two little boys, Donald and James, aged ten and eight. Potatoes and turnips are said to have grown well here, and McDougal might perhaps have made a home for himself and fajnily and done well. But he seems to have lacked the patience to work and wait; and during the season of 1807, having heard glowing accounts of the gold found in the Klondike region, he grew disocntented, and left his family. He cannot be said to have deserted them, for he left them a good stock of flour in sacks, and other supplies; the cows, too, afforded milk and butter in abundance. Yet it was little less than foolhardy to leave a woman and two boys at such a distance from human aid and companionship. They appear, however, to have passed the following winter without accident or trouble, but in all that time did not see a human being, except an Indian squaw, who came occasionally to beg. But in April calamity fell ?on them. Mrs. McDougal suffered a serious injury while attempting to lead one of t?, the cows. Inflammation ensued, from \ whicn she died on the fourth night after, without medical aid, and attended only by the boys and the squaw, who chanced to come to them. The grief and terror of the poor lads knew no bounds. The squaw, a saturnine, hideous old creature, took up her abode with them. Perhaps the dying mother had asked her to do so. She cooked their food . after a maimer, but was very wasteful and dirty. At times, however, she .went off to snare ptarmigan and hares, and once fetched home a beaver, the tail of which she cooked with curious ceremonies and devoured with much gusto. Her name was Mizzkook?at least, that was what little Jimmy and Donald called her. Sometimes she slept over a day or two and would not get up to prepare food. When she lUd cooked, she gorged herself, then slept again. The lads learned to make a Kind of flour pone for themselves, which they ate in milk, during these long periods of slumber. After this fashion they lived through the summer, the bays hoping every day that their father would come back. Donald got out the scythe and put up a little hay in the meadow. They also planted a patch of potatoes. Their cows now gave but little milk; but as the season advanced they gathered berries. Neither Indians nor wild beasts had troubled them thus far, in summer or winter; but one day in September of that autumn they heard their three cows and their calves bawiing in a frightful manner at a distance up the meadow, and on running to learn the cause of the commotion, beheld a terrible speetacle. t An enormous animal, the like of Which they bad never seen, had killed one of the cows, and was carrying it ? \ away to the woods. The calf fol lowed after, belating pitifully. The ,o,tb?r two cows- stood at a distance, bellowing loudly. To Donald and Jimmy the huge animal seemed to be white, or nearly so.. It was probably a "silver-tip" grizzly bear. It seemed to them to be larger than any one of the cows, and its strength must have been prodigious, for it carried the body of the cow, a large one, with apparent ease. The fear inspired in Jimmy and Donald by this savage incursion cannot be easily described. Awestruck, they stared at the white monster, then ran back to the shack to call old Mizzkook. The latter, rousing from her slumbers of repletion, issued forth, and 011 seeing the great tracks of the bear in the black loam of the meadow, was at no loss to comprehend what had happened. "Neesquoom! Xeesquooml" she muttered, in some excitement, and bade the hoys drive the cows to the shed and shut them up. .Nor would sue permit tliem to be turned out the next day, but assisted the boys to cut and fetch dry grass and water from the creek for them. The calf had not come lack. Nothing further was seen of the bear for a week or more, and they turned out the cows again when the silvertip made a second descent on t*iem, killing and carrying off anolhei cow. A calf, too, was aisauied; and tno foray ! was made so near the shack that the j boys saw the bear approach and heard its terrific roar as it rushed upon the j littie herd. So frightened, so filled with horror ! was little Jimmy that he shrieked and : ran to hide himself in the farthest cor- J ner of the shack. Old Mizzkook came J forth, and stood mumbling, rolling her \ eyes, grunting strange execrations, j Donald, who was old enough to think i of defending their property, longed | for a gun; but they had nothing in the _ way of weapons save a dull scythe and ; a duller ax. .Tor anotlier weeK mey wm- uui ( molested?while the bear found the j cow sufficient for his wants. Then i one night they were waked by the ! mournful lowing of the cow and the j calves, and looking out, they saw the \ huge pale specter of a beast standing j at the door of the shed. The grizzly j had come for more beef. But the log walls and door appeared 1 to puzzle the animal. It ran to and for. I swinging its head, snorting and snuff- ! ing, and presently came to the shack ! door. One blow of the bear's huge paw I would have crushed it. The boys cowered in their bed, shiv- ! ering with fear, but the quaw kindled i a lire, and as soon as brands were j blazing, she threw one out at the little window on that side. The bear snorted and retired to a distance,where it stood for a time, as if in astonish- ; ment, then came round near the cow | shed again. Immediately the cow re- j sumed her plaintive lowing. The bear stood up and pawed the I walls of the shed, and would probably have torn the structure down, but the : squaw, opening the shack door, threw brands at him. The huge beast went ! away, but returned toward morning, i and but for the squaw's firebrands j would have secured the cow. At sun- ! rise it shuffled away up the meadows. ! Vnt /?iirinc that !rtn!? ni<rht Imd i V41W \4V*4 1MMV >v?0 tlie boys closed their eyes; but they now fell asleep, and were only awakened several hours later by the sound of blows. The cow and one of the calves were in the shack. The squaw was wielding the ax at the shed; and on going out there Donald and Jimmy scarcely recognized her! From a grunting, apathetic old creature, she appeared transformed into a gleaming-eyed fury. They 'were afraid of her. she looked so wild and dashed to and for with such agility. She had chopped at the rafters of the j shed roof at both ends, where they i rested on the log walls of the shed, j but supported them by two props underneath, as she worked she sang some sort of savage chant over and i over, ending it every time with an eldritch whoop. The lads were wholly at a loss to know what had come over her, or what she was doing in such a mood. She appeared entirely forgetful of their food, nor could little Jimmy induce her to turn her attention to cookery. During the afternoon she set both i youngsters fetching stones from the { foot of the crags a few yards away, | and these she piled on the roof of the j shed. In a word, the squaw was set- j ting a bear trap?probably after the i manner of her tribe. The task had j roused lie:* from her overfed apathy, j She drove the lads to and fro with arm- j fuls of stones, and fetched large ones [ herself, till a weight of several tons i had been piled on the splits of the shed ! r0?f- I Tiie squaw iiaa iert tue lame can in i the shed, tied at the far end of it, and ! would not allow Donald to lead it out; j but the other calf was with the cow j in the shed. At sunset she set the door j of the shed ajar, and the boys now j began better to comprehend her stratagem. For if the bear entered at the door of the shed to seize the calf at the far end, he would have to pass between the two props, the bases of which she had set on round sections of a pine log. j The props stood so near together that j the grizzly's body would displace them, 1 causing the logs to roll outward. As night drew on they retired to the shack, and remained quiet there, without light or tire. Toward midnight the cow began to low. The bear was coming. After a time they heard it snuffing near the door, and again a great fear fell on little Jimmy. But he dared not cry. Not long after this they heard a savage roar, acompanied by a clatter. A I moment later there was a tremendous crash, followed by hoarse, awful out-; cries and roars of distress. Old MIzzkook ran out and danced ! about the shed, singing and whooping j in savage glee. Her trap had sprung. | But Donald and Jimmy were thinking t of their poo: lame calf. I They dared not go near the shed, ; however, even after it had grown light the next morning. The grizzly continued its outcries at intervals all that day and through the next night, moaning, groaning or roaring in anguish. It must have died a horrible death under that weight of stones. But the outcries were music in o'd Mizzkook's ears. She danced and sang in unbounded delight, nor when the bear finally expired was she averse to feast- s ing off its flesh. Her stratagem had at least saved one cow for them; and in praise of her ] fidelity, such as it was, must be said | that she remained there until Mc-Dou- i gal's return in October, when lie re- j moved his boys to Juneau, Alaska. They left old Mizzkook in possession i of the shack, and also of the cow and j calf.?Youth's Companion. % In an Ice Cream Shoo. I A mother, a little hoy and a girl were eating ice cream. The hoy in- [ quired: "Mother, is yours goody j "Yes, indeed, dearie. And yours, how do you find it?" "I don't fii d it at all. now," .answered the boy, gazing sadly at his empty plate. rsJfMCMfMCVXMfNjTsIt i I SOUTH CAROLINA Z ! j STATE NEWS ITEMS, j ; Testing Validity of Law. 'PVia i'nlirlir\' the law lin. I * tier which the dispensary has been voted out in over a dozen counties ' in South Carolina, which was to have been argued in the state supreme j court at Columbia last Monday, was postponed for final hearing until January 8. The future of the dispensary, as a ; state institution, will depend largely on the decision of the supreme court. ( * ! { Charged With Robbing Store. Paul Brawley and Gail Coin, young ! J men about 18 years old, were arrested in Union a few days ago, charged with being the persons who broke into and robbed Lockhart Mills' store on November 19. On their persons were found rings, purses, shoe strings and other articles that, it is said, had been carried in stock at the store. [ The arrests were made as a result j 1 of a long distance 'phone message ; 1 from Lockhart. Other arresls may fol- j 1 low. j 1 . ? ? Charleston's Poultry Exhibition. 1 The second annual exhibition of the ; 1 Charleston Poultry Association just: ] closed, has proven one of the most j successful ever held in the south, in I 5 the opinion of the judges, taking po- j ' sition with the fine display of the j Cotton States exposition held in Atlanta. Visitors from other cities have * declared the exhibit, which contained more than 2,000 birds, to be as fine ^ as those of many crack northern shows. / V State Asks Big Damages. The state house suit, which is an action by the state of South Carolina: to recover damages in the sum of $200,000 against Mcllvain, Unkefer & ! Co., a contracting firm of Pittsburg, Pa., and Frank P. Milburn, architect, of Columbia, for alleged fraud in the construction of the work in completing the state capitol building, -was ' concluded at Columbia last Monday. The case has attracted consideratie attention and some of the best ' civil lawyers in the state have been engaged in the suit, which has been in progress more than a week. * ^ Duncan Bankruptcy Case. ? n.^ni r,,?_ lilt; dii&wci ui uA-ricoiucuk yuu- i can of the Union and Buffalo Mills, \ Union, in the bankruptcy proceeding j instituted against him recently, in j which he is charged with deeding j property to his wife and others filed j in the United States district court at j Charleston, denies many cf the alle- j gations, which are made, and finally I asserts that he is solvent, praying a j hearing of the court. He admits that j he is indebted to the mills on open j account, but alleges that they also! are indebted to him. He admits the j deeding of lands in Union and Spar-! tanburg counties, as charged, but disputed the time stated, and also ad- I mits that from time to time he has paid certain creditors money, and transferred to them property, denying all other allegations of insolvency. * Squadron at Charleston. Admiral Dickins' coast defpnse , squadron has begun its especially j planned maneuvers and explorations , along the South Atlantic coast. The monitors Florida, Nevada and Arkansas, will make the visits to the neighboring ports, leaving the flagship Texas in Charleston port or off the harbors of the ports which may be visited by the monitors, as the draft of the flagship does not allow her to enter any other port but Charleston along this coast. Charleston will remain the base o! operations for the fleet during the winter and spring. The fleet will make excursions to other ports and for deep sea practice, these trips out of Charleston lasting a week at a time, when the vessels will return for supplies and overhauling of their machinery. * * Dispensary Tax Upheld. The supreme court of the United States has decided that the national government may properly tax the liquor dispensaries of this state. The opinion das delivered by Justice Brewer in the case of the State of South Carolina vs. the United States. This action was instituted by the state to recover $20,000 paid to the revenue officers of the national government on account of the sale of liquors by state and county dispensers under the dispensary law. The state took the position that the dispensers sold liquor without profit and they should not be taxed by the government, bat the tax has been collected since 1893. This is said to have been the first case in which a state unites in one undertaking the [ exercise of its police power together I with the prosecution of commercial J business. The court of claims dismissj ed the petition on the ground that ! the exercise of the police court was I but thinly disguised, holding that the I roti 1 nnrnnoo n-ao mnnni'.ma Lrin o- onrl j a vwi |/ui |/\/ov jlaawaav-'J &uuniii5, aau j i this decision is upheld. J The contention on behalf of the state was that the United States is beyond the reach of state taxation, so is the state equally beyond the -each of United States taxation; that neither the property nor the agencies and instrumentalities used by the state for the transaction of its business can be subjected to any burden af taxation by the United States. The opinion dwells at length upon :he possible consequences of conced ng the position of South Carolina in ae controversy, ana, m part, is as tallows : "The right of South Carolina to control the sale of liquor by the disDensary system has been sustained. The profits from the business in the fear 1901 were over half a million lollars. Mingling the thought of proft with the necessity of regulation nay induce the state to take possesdon in like manner of tobacco, oleonargarine and all other objects of Internal revenue tax. If one state inds this profitable, other states may tallow, and the whole body of internal revenue tax be thus stricken iown. "More than this, there is a large ind growing movement in the country n favor of the acquisition and manigement by the public of what are ;ermed public utilities, including not nerely therein the supnly of gas and water, but also the entire railroad system. Would the state by taking possession of these public utilities lose its republican form of govern rnent? "Obviously, if the power of the state is carried to the extent suggested and at the same time .relieved from all federal taxation, the national government would be largely crippled n its revenues." Justices White, Peckham and McKenna dissented. NEW OFFICERS ARE ELECTED By 8outhern Educational Assoclatior at Nashville Meeting. The following officers of the Southern Educational Association for the ensuing year were elected at the Nashville convention; President ? J. W. Abercrombie. Montgomery, Ala. First Vice President?S. A. Mynlers. Second Vice President ? H. L. Smith, Davidson college, Davidson, NT. C. Third Vice President?J. W. Kaykendall, Fort Smith, Ark. Secretary?R. J. Tighe, Asheville. Treasurer?E. P. Burns, Atlanta. Board of Directors?Maryland, M; Bates Stephens, Annapolis; Virginia, \V. L. Davis, Danville; West Virginia D. B. Purinton, Morgantcn; Ncrtb Carolina, M. V. Judd, Raleigh; South Carolina, Frank Evans, Spartanburg; Georgia, J. S. Stewart, Athens; Flor Ida, Miss Clemm Hampton, Tallahas see; Alabama, H. C. Gunnells.- Mont gomery; Mississippi. J. N. Powers West Point: Tennessee, P. P. Claxton Kn'oxville; Kentucky, J. H. Fuqua, Sr. Frankfort; Arkansas, J. H. Hineman Little Rock; Texas, S. H. Moore Georgetown; Louisiana, A. M. Herget Baton Rouge; Missouri, J. Ev Anient Warrensburg. MORE INSURANCE RESIGNATIONS Head of Supply Department of Mutual Life Ousted. Andrew O. Fields, former head ol the supply department of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, who maintained a house at Albany during several sessions of the state legislature, Is no longer connected with that company. Frederick Cromwell, the temporary preaident of the Mutual Life Insurance company, Friday announced that W S. Sullivan, formerly in the advertis ing department of the Mutual, has been appointed head of the suppls department. It is understood Mr Fields will not return to . be ex amined by the insurance investigat ing committee. Charles H. Smith, head of the Mu tual Life Insurance press bureau, anr who is paid $8,000 a year, has ten dered his resignation to Mr. Crom well, but It has not been accepted Mr. Smith testified recently that he caused many reports of the insurance investigation to be published in the newspapers at from $1 to $2 a line Mr. Cromwell also announced thai Adrian isenn, jr., wno uas ueen < director of the company since 1895 has resigned as a director. John C. McCali, secretary of th< New York Life Insurance company and son of John A. McCall, the pres ident, denied the report that he ant his father were to retire from theii offices in the company in January. ALLEGED PEON MISSING. Government's Principal Witness Ca? not Be Located by Grand Jury. Monday was the time set for the United States grand jury at Colum bus, Ga., to pass upon the case o1 W. A. Johnson and Joe Skipper, prom inent turpentine operators of Web ster county, who are charged witt peonage, but the investigation was deferred, owing to the fact that th( government's principal witness, Ar tknr Williams, colored, the allege* peon, disappeared from his home, . miles from Cusseta, Ga., Friday night under very mysterious circumstances .'a: . \ SQUIERS GOES OUT' I | Our Minister to Cuba Forced to Resign. I OBJECTIONABLE TO PALMA ' Corr.plaints Were Made as to His I Attitude in the Isle of Pines Secession Movement A Washington special says: Edward V. Morgan, just relieved from his post as American minister at Seoul, Korea, I by reason of the establishment of a 1 Japanese protectorate there, has beea appointed minister to Havana to succeed Herbert G. Squiers, whose res! ig^ation has been received and ac1 cepted. For a long time past the relations between Mr. Squiers and the Cuban government has not been thoroughly ; satisfactory to the state department, .! which regards it as essential to the : conduct of business between the two ! ! governments that their respective | n inister3 shall be thoroughly accept ii i Lie at their posts. It is said that in I interviews in the ^Havana Telegrapn i I * 1 j ana a leading New York newspaper 1 | the minister afforded much encourago ' j ment to the American colonists ou tfle isie or ?nnes ana Americans a* home who had property in the island. The administration had all along been | advising these people to submit themsehes to the Cuban government. Tne acceptance of Mr. Squiers' resignation, it is said, was inevitable, for in view of the state department not only was it a necessary step if cordial rei lations were to be maintained with the Cuban government, but it was regarded as advisable at this time to ldt American diplomatic officers abroad and those in other responsible posttic ns understand that they could best meet the wishes of the department if tbey refrained from intervening in the internal politics of the country to >b;ch they are credited. The retiring minister, Mr. Squiers. has an excellent service record, and it ia with regret that the department perL.'its his retirement from the diplo*>.c Ha : i u'ouu uwiui POWERS DON'T WANT WAR. t i Everybody Looking to Great Britain For a Cue. While in official circles in London, . it is admitted that the powers do not expect the sultan to yield, as the result of the occupation of Mitylene, it was stated Thursday that plans for the next step had not yet been definitely arranged, the other powers awaiting the British proposals. The foreign office states that the British government does not know exactly the extent of the coercion which the other powers are willing to employ, but it is certain that none of the pewers is willing to resort to actual warfare in order to enforce the demands for the- financial control .'if < Macedonia. | This view of the situation makes it quite possible that demonstration by . occupation may be postponed indefinitely. The present political situation ir the united kingdom naturally Inci eases the reticence in official cirr cles here, and, as Great Britain is } taking the lead, the movement of the d< monstrating fleet may be delayed for soine time pending tne decision of , the cabinet concerning the resignation ' or the dissolution of parliament. The government has received information from Servia, through official s' urces, that the Macedonian comnittee has issued a practical ultima^ turn that unless the demonstration j r;f the powers shall be "carried to a successful issue, the revolutionaries p?e prepared to announce that they ii tend to create a situation which j vill be certain to result in a war | b.-tween Turkey and Bulgaria. * TWENTYSIX GO TO BOTTOM. t t Trightful Loss of Life Result of Storm on Great Lakes. A Chicago special says: Twenty-six J lives are feared to have been lost, 3?:d nearly a score of vessels driven ashore, by the hurricane that swept j ever the great lakes Monday night . rnd Tuesday. Six vessels are missing ana fears are entertained for their safety. The financial loss is estimated pt possibly $2,000,000. No accurate figures of the loss of life are obtainable. With one exception, the crews vere removed from all the wrecks re i orted. PLEDGED TO HOLD COTTON. r Farmers of Alabama Reserve 25,000 Sales of the Staple. A /-vP f V* A 1 o V\n n /ItTti O ii. UUUv ciiiiuii \jl Aiauama uivio 1 ion of the Southern Cotton Associa3 tion was held at Montgomery a few 1 days ago. Pledges were received tor * holding 25,000 bales of cotton for 16 1 cents a pound, and a campaign to re * move frcm the market all cotton yet ? in the hands of the growers was started. i V > : BALLOT RECOUNT BEGUN. . \ . Counsel for Hearst and McCiellan Have Sharp Spats In Court, But Are Overruled. The recount of ballots in five bal lot boxes used in New York's contest* ed election was ordered to be begun ?-'? Friday by Justice Amend in the supreme court The original order to open these five boxes was granted a . few^ days ago. >1 Justice Amend, in ordering the recount to begin, modified his original order so as to limit the canvassing to' the candidates for mayor, comptroller and president of the board of alder* men, and also eliminate from the re* count the void and protested ballots. Counsel for William Randolph Hearst, Mayor McClellan and Assistant Corporation Counsel Butts engaged in a heated argument before the boxes were opened, Alton B. Parker, for Mayor McClellan, and Mr. Butts , contending that the court had no Tight to make a re-canvass of the votes or consider the result, but could compel the election inspectors correctly to state the result they reached on election. "You mean, then," said Aosten Cfc Fox, for Mr. Hearst, "that you do not . want the true vote ascertained; and\ % :%& that if a vote for Hearst has been counted for McClellan, you do not' ^ want it known?" "I mean," retorted Mr. Butts, "that 1 warn me true vote asceruuueu cording to law." s "And how may that be done?" In- :~$M. quired Mr. Fox. "By quo warranto proceedings," was the reply. <? "And such proceedings can only be undertaken after January 1," coin- \ mented Mr. FOx; "I see." Mr. Parker disclosed that the court v ^ had no right to throw out any ballot ? mM. which had been counted by the elec- v tion inspectors. Justice Amend ruled that it is estopped from questioning : ?|||?j the validity of the ballots, and that k f ip they must be counted as cast. -/'-jsp The first ballot box was then ope* ed by inspectors in the court room , ... ;'vf and the recount .was begun wfth the representatives of the newspapers occupying the seats intended for jury* meh. PRESCRIBED POISON FOR WIFE. North Carolina Physieian' Arrested on Murder Charge. ^ Dr. J. 0. Mathews, a well known physician, was arrested in Greensboro, 'N. C., Friday night, on a war* rant charging him with the murder of his wife, who died after suffering excruciating agony for more than 12 hours. 1 Her death, according to the coroner, who was called to her bedside, resulted from a dose of strychnine, ! followed by a potion of morphine, ad-; ministered to the woman by her husband. Dr. Mathews maintains that while vp he prescribed for his wife, he did so in the hep, of alleviating her paia STRIKE IN TEXAS OIL REGION.' 3 Workmen Fight Against a Reduction ', fpi of Their Daily Wages. ^ The strike of oil field workmen in Texas against a reduction in wages rj of 50 cents a day went into effect Friday at Humble, Batson, Saratoga, ; dj Sour Lake and Spindle Top, the Guf~ vj?j| fey and Sun companies and Pass and ; ' >*% Eastham being affected. About 260 t men are out Drillers were not cut, _ s/1 but went oat on the score that they : ^ needed experienced help. EXPLOSION WHELMS FAMILY. 'vfj ; ? Qas Wrecks Home, Kilting Father, / 'V Mother and Their Two Children. Charles p. Douglass, a fanner, and his -wife and two children were in- ^ stantly killed Friday night by an ex- ;.&% plosion of h gas main running past < . ^ their .home near Wteston, W. Va. Their home was wrecked and later ^ caught'fire, almost consuming the *'7 bodies. The explosion was felt for m a distance of five miles, and caused much excitement BIDS MADE FOR PRINTERS. Typothetae Preparing for General Strike in New York in January. \~vv In, anticipation of a general strike /% the printers January 3, following T the rejection of the demand of Typo- - f.^0, ^Taphical Union No. 6 for an eighthour day, the New York Typothetae, 'i the organization of employing print- ;.s ors, has sent out a circular to railroad agents throughout New York srJate offering a commission of $5 fof /' every compositor who can be induce! m come to New York and accept em- > .<]? plcjment. - 4 ON CHARGE OF WIFE MURDER A Well Known Tennessee Farmer (s , I Held by Authorities. William Beard, a well to do fanner, living near Fayetteville, Tenn.. was arrested Snnday, charged with murdering his wife. The woman was shot in the tem- ' j pie while driving with Beard, and : the latter claims it was done by some unknown man, who stopped them on the road, firing as Mrs. Beard looked from the buggy.