The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, October 12, 1905, Image 6
I SAKHj
-s-s
Almost as Large as
Divided Between Jc
JSC}?*. HE question of Sakhalien1
^ __ has \*emained in suspense
O I O for more than fifty years;
K in fact, it is a very "old
quarrel." Prior to 1S5G
Sakhaiien was called Karafuto
by the Japanese, and was then
exclusively inhabited by Nippons and I
Chinese. It was a navagator from the j
Rising Sun, Mania Rimo, who first, in j
the year 1S04, located its safe anchor-!
ages which had, however, already been
roughly noted by the Frenchman. La
Perouse. in 1777. So far back as 1S5G
the Japanese protested against a convention
which was ratified and executed
in 3Sob, in virtue of which the
Sakhalien Island was shared between
Japan and Russia, the 50th parallel
of latitude forming the limit of the
zones of influence. Later, in 1S75, unh'
der the treaty of St. Petersburg, the
Japanese part of the island also became
Russia's property in exchange
for the mediocre archipelago of the
Kuriles, the yield of which is nil from
an economical point of view, and on
that occasion Japan lodged another
protest. Sakhalien is situated to the
north of Japan, a strait dividing it
from Yeso. The Russians converted it
into a penitentiary colony, where the
convicts and their issue numbered
about 30.000. They were given the
charge of colonizing the island, a task
that they performed with as little
eagerness as success.
The natives are very primitive and
very wild, but at the same time quite
harmless; they are known by the name
Y of the Guiliaks and the Ainos: and they
camp along the large rivers of the island,
that is to say. the Tyme and the
Peronai. . The width of Sakhalien
' varies between sixteen and 150 miles,
but so long is the island (over G50
t miles), that its area equals tiie sixrn
. part of France, or about 4G,000 square
miles. The island is particularly
wealthy in gold, silver, timber, amber,
iron, plumbagine, furs, coal and petroleum
deposits, the latter being more extensive
than those of the United States,
and it is now known that the petroleum
springs found in the vicinity of the
Nooteva River, which is one of the
main streams of the island, are more
Important than those of Baku.
Although the island is covered with
snow for so long every year, and during
July ice is still found at a distance
of less than one yard from the surface
of the earth, the Japanese were espe.
cially anxious to take Sakhalien because
fish is the National food in
Japan, and since the beginning of the
war they have had to get it from the
Formosa and Indo-China coasts. And
Japan is not naturally a rich country;
its principal agricultural products are
rice, mulberries, vegetables and indigo
in limited quantities; and so poor is
the soil that it rcouires more manure
than that of any other country in the
world. Consequently, fish is npt simply
pf one of the chief foods of the Japanese,
but it supplies them with an excellent
fertilizing material for their fields. In
olden times the Japanese agriculturists
to enrich their lands and rice fields
made use of bean shells, which were
imported from the ports of China and
Korea, Shanghai and Chefoo Fusan
and Chemulpo. The bean manure had
the advantage of being very cheap,
' * ? * ?- ^ t* ^ r\ gvw*
Its COSt Demg oniy a miu ui uic v1 lv-v I
of the fish manure, but the latter lias
a chemical power incomparably
stronger, and the fields amended by its
employment yield very rich crops, so
that the most skeptical Japanese, having
been taught by experience during
the war against China, are now convinced
that it is advantageous to use
fish, fertilizer, in spite of its higher
price.
In past times, fish used to come in
great numbers on the shores and in
the Japanese rivers, and could be easily
captured. The Yeso Island was especially
famous for its fish, but those
fine (lays are gone, for salmon have
little by little deserted the rivers owing
to the irrational and immoderate
fishing. The herring has abandoned
the Japanese waters, having undoubtedly
been frightened by the boats,
which became more and more numerous.
They like quietness and dislike
noise, and sometimes the firing of a
gun is quite enough to make a whole
shoal leave the bay where ii had taken
up its quarters. All this, however, does
not mean that fish are scarce in the
seas and rivers of Japan, but they are
sensibly fewer than in the past. Fish,,
on the other hand, are more numerous
than ever in the Russian seas of the
Far East. In Kamtchatka they arrive
in shoals so compact that they have
been known to capsize boats on their,
passage. In the bays, which are so
numerous on the continent, the natives
catch fish in abundance, which, ben:*;
dried in the sun and stored, supply
them with food during the winter: and
at Sakhalien, at the time the salmon
reascend the rivers, they are so numerous
that the natives are often able
to catch them with the hand, and
shoals of herring are occasionally
stranded on the shore.
Th-* fisheries of Sakhalien are so im- j
porKmt that they require the presence
in the town of JtvorsaKovsK 01 a Japanese
Consul, whose role is rather difficult.
for lie has very often to solve
most delicate questions. Each year between
r?(XH> and G000 Nippon fishermen
are occupied during the season, and
there are 250 fisheries in exploitation
yielding salmon, trout and herrings.
Round the consulate each year are
grouped a certain number of representatives
of the firms of Hakodate. Otaro
\LIEN.
i-BCuba
is the Island
lpan and Russia. - main
I and even of Yokohama. Thqflipfct boat
leaving the Sakhalien waters before
they are closed by the ice brings back
the whole colony home. The fisheries
are managed by Japanese, and two
among the more important belong, one
to Mr. Damby, who is an Anglo-Saxon,
and the other to a former convict.
What makes the wealth of the managers
of the fisheries is, above all, the
herrings. Had the Japanese been compelled
to give up abruptly the fishing
of the Sakhalien salmon the consequences
would have been very unfortunate,
but the loss of the right of herring
fishing would have been almost
disastrous to them, and the stroke to
the Japanese industries would have
been a real calamity. In such case the
most important Hakodate firms, and
even those of the whole of the l'eso
Island, would be ruined, and the whole
of Japan would suffer a very grave
economic crisis.
j It can be said that from their arrival
in the Sakhalien Island the Japanese
will modify entirely its character
and its aspect. These little men,
merry and industrious, form a striking
contrast with the natives and convicts
around them. and one Hears people
I who laugh heartily in that convictladen
atmosphere. It is amusing to
see the Japanese fishermen, who courageously
run to and fro with naked
legs in the icy streams of the Sakhalien
seas as they sing some popular chorus.
They are not well paid, but Japanese
have few needs, and know how to live
comfortably with little money. All themanagers
of the fisheries turn their
attention to the herring, and only a
few occupy themselves with whales.
The whales which appear near the
coasts of the island are small and are
seen in great numbers in the Bay of
Ivorsakovsk. As the Japanese fishermen,
numerous as they are, cannot
properly cope with the fishing of the
herritfg, a great number of natives are
engaged as extra hands, and the managers
of the fisheries find this advantageous,
for the natives are easily exploited
or duped, and it is not expensive
to feed them. As a general rule
they are paid in kind, receiving a small
part of the fish they have caught, some
rice, clothing, some thread and needles.
With the promise of a glass of* rice
brandy they are willing to work for
many hours. It occurs frequently that
these poor creatures are cruelly deceived,
for when they have finished
their task they get nothing. It is the^
employer convict who takes the fish
away and drinks the eau-de-vie, and
the poor wretch must think himself
lucky if he does not receive blows in*
stead of fishl
Jtteiptni air. Darucr.
The helpfulness of a good man. when
it comes to assistance in domestic affairs,
is apt to be very much like that
of the Mr. Barker whose exploit is
narrated below.
His wife had asked him to hang a
picture she had purchased for the parlor,
and he said that he would, do it
"in a jiffy."
"You must get me the cord and a picture
hook," he said to his wife', "and
tell the servant girl to run down into
the cellar and bring up the stepladder,
and, carry it into the parlor; and
Where's those two little screw thingumajigs
that go into the back of the
frame at the sides to put the cord
through? Look them up for me; and
I'll need the gimlet to bore a little hole
for the screws. Somebody get the gimlet,
or maybe I can drive them in with
a hammer. Johnny, you run down into
the cellar and get the hammer.
"I don't know but a chair would be
better than the stepladder for me to
stand on. Somebody go out into the
kitchen and get me a chair. I don't
want to stand on one of the parlor
chairs.
"Got that cord? Just measure off
about the light length and fasten it in
those little things at the side.
"There, now, there's your picture all
hung up in good shape, and no fuss
about it. The difference between us
men and you women is that when we
have anything to do we go right ahead
and do it, and no talk about it."
i nree i.oys ?uu ? viuvo?
Three boys in a bouse were told to
go and take the exact time by a clock
in the town. The first lad went, looked
I at the clock, came back and said: "It
is 12 o'clock." In after life he became
a prosaic bookseller.
The second boy was more exact. He
said on returning that it was three
minutes past 12. He became a doctor.
The third lad looked at the clock,
found out how long it had-taken him
i to walk back to the house, returned
to the clock, then added the time of his
I walk to the time of the clock and re|
ported the result thus: "It is at this
moment 12 hours, 10 minutes and -15
seconds." That boy came to distinction
as Helmlioliz. the scientist.?London
Daily News.
Gold Mining; in Britain.
In a paper recently read before the
Institute of Mining Engineers in London.
J. M. McLauren gave some curious
facts about golTl mining in Great
Britain and Ireland. In all. gold of
the value of $2,094,915 has been found.
Of this England contributed barely
$3000; Wales, $1,400,000, and Ireland
$145,000. The largest nugget, weigh
I ing twenty-two ounces, was discovj
ered in Ireland. It was made into a
: snuff box for George III.
THE M0R9 FIRE MAKER.
BY C. H. CLAUDY.
The matcli is said to be the greatest
eivilizer of the world, but it has
not yet completed its work. There
are still tribes of barbarous and semibarbarous
people who use nature's
means, for producing fire, either by
friction with or wilhout apparatus, or
the contact of two substances which
produce a spark, as flint and steel.
The Moros, of great interest to us
on account ot our experience with
. them in the East, use a method disI
tlncitve from other savage races, ami
of 'nterest not only for its uniqueness,
but as showing the effect of environment
on invention.
This apparatus consists, as shown in
the accompanying photograph, of a
bamboo stick, a bit of china, ami tinder.
The cylindcrical cases, which are
also shown, are part of the device as
it is used, one being a case for tobacco,
and the other {pease for the china
AIORO FIRE MAKER. BAMBOO T
TIN
and tinder. The whole, connected with
cords, is worn at the belt. To use
the apparatus, the native takes the
bamboo firmly in his left hand, and
in his right holds the bit of china by
the finger' and thumb, and on the
thumb side pinches a bit of tinder.
The edge of the china is then struck
sharply down and along the bamboo,
producing a bright and long spark,
which catches in the tinder and ignites
it. Very little practice is required to
enable even a novice to light a fire by
this means. Obviously, when the apparatus
was first devised, no china
was available, and doubtless some
sharp stone took its place. Now, however,
bits of broken china such as are
found in cheap eating houses, are regarded
as best for the purpose, and
universally used.
The thoughtful reader will at once
draw an analogy between this means
of fire making and the flint and steel
of our own ancestors. In the Eastern
tropics, however, bamboo is the
UUUIUIUUI'M UL ^ uvun, unu DU IIUO
doubtless observed many times to
where flint, in contact with metal,
was.seen once. In consequence, after
the first bright thinker had devised
this way of using the spark, the method
held its popularity and obtains to
this day, although the flint and steel
is so much simpler, easier and more
portable.
The philosophy of the device will at
once be apparent. The sharp edge of
the china scrapes off a bit of bamboo
?not much, because the wood is hard
and the outside has quite a glazebut
enough to be made incandescent
by the friction of the the stroke. The
tinder catches this spark, and the desired
flame is the result.
The photograph was made from the
object in the possession of Mr. W. W.
Dinwiddie, of Washington, D. C. ?
Scientific American.
Mr. Shaw's Dress Theories.
Forgetten as a statesman. Brougham
is remembered as an elegant vehicle.
Generations hence, when his dramas
and his political theories have passed
into oblivion, Mr. Shaw may be remembered
by a shirt?self-adjusting, selfcleansing.
a paragon and a paradox of
a shirt.?Illustrated London News.
The giant of the whole spider family
is the "hound" or "dog" spider of
Madagascar.
A MAX-OF-WAR PRE11
Everything that can possibly be remov
bare, as shown in 1
\iku C'ourajre.
Yesterday the aeolian harp was silent
all day in the window, not a fugitive
air wooing it to music; to-day it is
wild with melody from every wind ot
the world. So shall the brave music
j of your hopes be renewed.
Have no care of the dead and barren
I riKtwiinvs ? thev were croud unly tc
carry away all your mistakes, all youi
maimed purposes, all your vain brood
ing. all your irresolution, all your cow
ardice. Concentrate on to-day ant
your soul shall be strong to meet to
SELF-HEATING SOLDERING HON
The operation of soldering is a raucli ,
more exacting one than the inexpert5 ]
enced person imagines as he witnesses^ J
the facility with which it is conducted
under favorable circumstances. It re- j
quires a knowledge and expertness J
which is secured only from long prac- (
tice to have the iron at the proper de- I
gree of heat and the surfaces to be
joined in the necessary condition of
absolute cleanliness before the solder
will now. unless an or tnese require- j
ments liave beon complied with the ;
amateur will be surprised to find that . i
the leaden stick will not be influenced
in the least by the application to the c
heat of the soldering tool. ?.
The expert workman who is sure of ! ;
his ground is somewhat hampered in j
his work by the fact that there is much ;
time lost while he is waiting for the t
iron to heat. A novelty in the line of l
tinsmiths' tools has been recently iutro- ?
ttuced to the trade, which is a self-oonr [
y
" ' * ^
.. ;' M- &' 1
. r-'v.'. : : w , *. i ' <
rr,_ , ?
0 BE STRUCK WITH CHINA AND <
DER. <
. (
tained soldering iron, dispensing with
the use of the charcoal fire usually 1
made use of f6r the purpose of heating
the iron. This tool is self-heating. 1
The handle contains a supply of gaso- i
line and is fed to the copper point by <
means of a pressure generated auto- 1
matically from the heat. It Is merely 1
necessary to give the copper point an ;
initial heating by means of an alcohol !
lamp. The latter operation requires 1
f I
1 '
ft
I
SELF-HEATING SOLDERING IRON,
about five or six minutes, and after ]
that the device is self-acting as long as
the fuel supply holds out. The consumption
of the fuel can be accurately
regulated, and thus it is possible to ,
adjust the heat of the copper to any j
desired point for different kinds of
work?Philadelphia Record.
To Get a Splinter Out of Yoar Hand.
When a splinter has been driven into
the hand it can be extracted by steam.
Fill a wide-mouthed bottle nearly full
of hot water, place the injured part
over the mouth and press it slightly.
Ttio or.+irm tlins nrn?lnr?Pfl will flrnw thp
flesh down, and in a minute or two the
steam will extract the splinter, also
the inflammation. Try it and be convinced.?National
Magazine.
The earliest known mention of shaving
is in the Bible (Genesis xliv, 14):
"And he [Joseph] shaved himself and
came before Pharaoh." ;
AIIED FOR BATTLE.
'ed is cleared away, leaving the decks
:he above illustration.
morrow. Hope, courage, energy?anc
you!?against whatever odds.
Lift up your heart!?The Papyrus.
' Speaker Heed's Wit.
: Senator Piatt's remark that if lie had
his life to live over he should model
i his political activities 011 other lilies,
) recalls the reply of Speaker Reed, who,
when asked by the lady reporter of a
. Sunday paper if. having another oppor.
ttinity, he would not be a better man,
I said solemnly and sadly that he did
- not think he would.?Harper's Weekly.
oiiisi
Federal Aid an Obligation.
^ac.ujem, HY should the Federal
f hhh it Government aid in im
3 AAA O proving the highways of
t the country? The answer
to this question is a logi:al
one. The policy of the Government
should be to so use the funds placed
it its disposal by the people for naionnl
purposes and to so shape its fis:al
and other legislation as to promote
he best interests of the people. It is
lardly susceptible of controversy that
he thing which will do most to pronote
the further prosperity and derelopment
of the country is a system
)f improved highways reaching out
nto the farming districts. As has
oeen wisely said, city development
vill take care of itself. Indeed, it has
joue on in the past at the expense of
ural development principally because
:he great burden upon agricultural
communities of wretched public roads
las kept back agricultural developnent.
The Government has recogaized
its obligation to aid in furtherng
means of transportation by the
aelp it has extended to railway and
ivater facilities. The improvement of
>ur highways will mean the rounding
)ut of transpOi. ration facilities in the
country, the giving to remote districts
adequate means of reaching markets
rnd distributing centres, and perform
:he linal work in national progress
md prosperity. These are some of
t.- 1 T7^ ,-v ? .-? 1
LUtf least* LI 5 wiJ) tut? rcuaai uuvciument
should and is improving the
highways. The Brownlow-Latimer
Mils, in House and Senate, point the
way to most happy national results.
Senator Latimer epitomizes some reasons
why the Government should recognize
its obligation in the matter
which we think well worth reproduction.
They are:
First. Because the history of road
building demonstrates that a complete
system of public roads has never been
constructed in any country except by
the aid of the General Government of
that country, and during the 100
rears of our national life the United
States has not proven an exception to
this rule.
Second. Because the revenues of
tk? Government are raised largely
upon articles consumed by all the
people, thereby distributing taxation
equally, and as all the people should
contribute to the construction and improvement
of the roads, it is only by
Federal aid that this can be accomplished.
Third. Because it is the duty of the
Federal Government to bear its just
proportion of the expense for the construction
and improvement of the
roads which it uses for the delivery of
the mails and for military purposes in
time of war. and which are the arteries
of iniersrate commerce.
Fourth. Because better roads are a
national necessity; they closely concern
the general welfare of the nation,
and are therefore a proper object of
national aid.
Fifth. Because the money in the
national treasury belongs to the people
and should be expended for their
benefit in a manner which will accomplish
the greatest good to the largest
number, and because the power to
borrow money at low rates of interest,
if it be found necessary to supply the
money in this way, enables the General
Government to undertake this improvement
with greater advantage
than the States or the people.
In the foregoing statement we have
the proposition for national aid boiled
down to the practical point of clear
understanding.
Less Expensive Roads.
The town boards of Oyeida County,
X. Y., made the following suggestion:
"We would not recommend that every
town in this county have built within
its borders a road costing on the-average
$7000 a mile, as we believe each
town should govern itself according to
its own local conditions, but we have
provided figures to show that no matter
whether a town has a high or a low
assessed valuation, it could, under the
$50,000,000 bond issue, if its own board
so desired, have, without excessive
taxation, just as wide and just as expensive
roads as any other town in any
-'* * c*+.-,+n Tf fhrv prmntv
uuicr petit ui mc kjlulv.. ?**. w ^?
and town can devise methods by whicli
the roads to be built should have an
average cost of $4000 a mile instead of
$8000 a mile, the charge to the town
under the bond issue for each mile of
highway built would be $30 for each
mile the first year; and to the county,
the increase in tax the first year for
each mile of highway would be $70,
and to the State it would be $100. In
other words, under me $50,000,000
bond issue the State, county and town
could obtain a road costing $4000 a
mile at an increase in their annual tax
levy of $200, which under the present
system of payment would call for the
expenditure of $4000 in cash, "or under
the bond issue they could obtain a road
costing $8000 a mile for an increase in
their tax levies of $400 in place of raising
$8000 in cash, as provided by the
present method.
"Under the bond issue each town and
county is free to select as expensive c*
road or as cheap a road as the local
conditions require."?Tribune Farmer.
Triplets Ttrice in a Year.
From Germany comes the strenuously
delightful news that a Bavarian frau
lias borne no less than six children in
one year. Triplets burn in January,
11)04. were joined by another set of
triplets the following December.
i KIDNEY TROUBLE _
Tiie ^^tive of PE-BTJ-NA
in Kidney Disease the Talk
> of the Continent?
Nicholas J. Hertz, 3Iember of Ancient
Order of Workmen, Capitol Lodge. No.
140, Pearl Street Hotel, Albany, N. Y.,
"writes: "A
few months ago I contracted a heavy ~,4
cold which settled in my kidneys, and each
time I was exposed to inclement weather
the trouble was aggravated until finally I
was unable to work.
"After trying many of the advertised
remedies for kidney trouble, I finally
took Pernna. J **
"In a week the intense pains in my , 0 ^1
hack were much relieved and in four i
weeks I was able to take up my work ^
again.
"I still continued to use Peruna for an- . '
other month and at -the end of that time
- ,1 11
1 was penecuy wen.
"I now take a dose or two when I have
been exposed and find that it is splendid V-^
to keep me well."
Hundreds of Cures. v
Dr. Hartman is constantly in receipt of -vl; >?
testimonials from people who have Deen
cured of chronic and complicated kidney
disease by Peruna. For free medical ad- '
vice, address Dr. Hartman, President of
The Hartman Sanitarium, Columbus, Ohio.
"ST
<s m AAA BANK DEPOSIT M
dTvJaUUU R.R.FarePaM. NotesTtk? \Jtll
500 FREB CODBSES 4tJ??
Board at Cost. Write Odd ./h3?2
SE0R6IA-ALABAIIABUSIHESSC0UJ6g.lUCM?.Q.
MONEY$$$wE?5?!?S? H
??? >
Portrait of Gen. Robert E. Lee.
The faot that too frequently It tran- ^1||
spires in American history that no
accurate and authentic portrait of her;
great men is faithfully preserved has .
caused a number of the devoted ad'.
mirers of General Robert B. Lee to
interest themselves to cause a perfect
picture of the great general to be
made and to be preserved for all fu- > ^|l|
ture history.
This work, after a lapse of forty
years, is now under way by the John Mag
A. Lowell Bank Note company of Boston,
who are using for this purpose ~
the exact photograph made at Gen
j eral Lee's residence in Kicnmona a : ^
few days after the surrender, which
picture has always been considered
by the I ~e family and friends a$the
most perfect likeness ever taken of :
the general at that period.
The work when finished, will be of the
highest art of steel engraving, so > 0:
that it will thus be preserved# for
all future time.?Clipping from tht
Post, Washington, D. C., September 17,
British Coldness.
The first encounter with an Eng>
iishman, though he be but your fel- ^
low passenger in boat or train, is in
very truth terribly discouraging. &e- yy
served and cold to a degree that Ji";
chills us Frenchmen to the very marrow,
he absolutely ignores the thousand
and one trivial little amenities
which?though it is possible we may
exaggerate them ? so effectively
smooth away the asperities of exist- :~j-y;
enc$.?Adolphe Brisson In Grand
Magazine.
A MYSTERY EXPLAINED.
"It's strange that you should a f p
ways to so gaunt," remarked the bear ?
to the wolf. ^ ^ 1# ' ^
"Well, you see," replied me wwu,
"It's all because o! the- part I'm compelled
to play in life- Y?u see, I'm - - - -
always obliged to keep from the door -,|Vg
until there's not a thing left In the
house to eat"?Philadelphia Press.
... zw$m
"COLD COLD"
"Good," He Ssya, "But Comfort Better." X
"Food that fits is better than a gold :?j
mine," says a grateful man. ;
"Before I commenced to use GrapeNuts
food no man on earth ever had a
worse infliction from catarrh of the
stomach than I had for years.
"I could eat nothing but the very
lightest food* and even that gave me
great distress.
"I went through the catalogue of prepared
foods but found them all (except
Grape-Nuts) more or less indigestible, *?^
generating gas in the stomach (which if
in turn produced headache and various * 'lt
other pains and aches), and otherwise
unavailable for my use. ..
"Grape-Nuts food I have found easily
digested and assimilated, and it has renewed
my health and vigor and made
me a well man again. The catarrh of
the stomach haa disappeared entirely
with all its attendant ills, thanks to
Grape-Nuts, which now is my almost
sole food. I want no other." Name > f
given by Postum Co., Battle Cregkf ^ '
Mich.
Ten days' trial tells the story*
? mere a u xeuauju.