The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, December 04, 1902, Image 1
*
I . . . ^ ^ ^" ' ^ ^ . .' ^
* 't L , * * " j?' - n n ? ? ??^???i?<?? i ??? i ???? *?^
ESTABLISHED 1S91, BAMBERG, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 4. ]902. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. |
,
f! 'lit
..... -r
{
To the Senate and House of Bepresentatives:
We still continue in a period ef unbounded
prosperity. This fctfosperity is
not the creature cf law, but undoubtedly
the laws under which we work have been
instrumental in creating the conditions
Vklch made it possible, and by unwise legislation
it would be easy enough to destroy
it. There will undoubtedly be periods of
depression* The wave will recede, but the
tide will advance. This nation is seated
On a continent flanked by two great
oceane. It is composed of men the descendants
of pioneers or, !r> a ser.se, pioneers
themselves?cf meti winnowed out
from among the nations of the old world
by the energy, boldness and love of adventure
four.d in their own eager hearts.
Such a nation so placed will surely wrest
Success from fortune.
As a people we have played h large part
In the wcrhl, and we ore bent upon making
our future eveii larger than the past
in particular the events of the last four
years have definitely decided that for woe
or fob weal ?ur place must be great among
the nations. We may either fail greatly
pr succeed greatly, but wo cannot avoid
the' endeavor from which either great
n- ? ~ t--"-.
M1IIU 5 *?? 6'Wl OUM.VW IU US'. V.V41JC. ?|TC11
if we would wo cannot play a small part.
If we should try, ail that would follow
Would be that we should play a large part
ignobly and shamefully.
But our people, the sons of the men 'of
the civil war, the sons of the men who
had Iron in their blood, rejoice in the
present arul face the future high of heart
and resolute of Will. Ours i3 not the
creed of the weakling and the coward;
ours is the gospel of hope and of triumphant
enaeavor. We do not shrink
. from the struggle before us. There are
tnany problems for us to face at the outset
of the twentieth century?grave problems
abroad e.nd still grave*4 kt home?but
.we know that we can sc. -e them, and
solve them well, provided-only that we
bring to tho solution the qualities of head
hud-heart which were shown by the men
Who in the days of Washington founded
this government and in the days of Lincoln
preserved it.
No country has evef occupied a higher
plarte of material well being than ours at
the present moment.- This well being is
due to 410 sudden or accidental "causes, but
to tie" play of the economic force? in thiS
county r for over a century; to t>ur laws,
bur sustained and continuous policies;
above .-fill, to the high/individual average
of on?. citizenship. ^Gfear fortunes have
heen;,:?tfon by those who., have taken the
lead fin this phenomenal-industrial develtpmeat,
and most of these, fortunes have
been; won not-by doing evil, but as an incident
.to action which has benefited the
comsaaifhty as a whole. Never before has
material wslL being been so widely dif-fusetj?*?mdbg
our- people. Great fortunes
haveisbeoh accumulated, and* yet in the
aggregate tiies'e - fortunes are small indeedlwhen
compared to the wealth of the
fceop^as a whole. The plain people are i
bettor; off than they have ever been before?*?:ahe
Insurance companies, which
fere tactically mutual benefit societies?
Especially helpful to men of moderate
means?represent accumulations of capital
which are among the largest In this
bountty. There are more deposits in the !
savings banks, more owners cf farms,
tnorefpell paid wageworkers in this coun- I
lr/ no* than ever before in our history, j
Or cbtorse when- the conditions have fa- 1
vored 'Xhe growth of so much that was
gccd.'they have also favored somewhat
the gSO'wth of what was evil. It is eml- :
hen Unnecessary that we should endeavor
to cul out this eviri but let us keep a due
senselof proportion; let us net In fixing
pur gsxe upon the lesser evil forget the
greater good. The evils are real, and
some;Of them are menacing, but they are .
the outgrowth not of misery or decadence,
but pt-prosperity, of the progress of our
gigantte industrial development. This In- '
cLustrial development must not be checked, |
but aide by side with it should go such
progressive regulation as will diminish
the evils. We should fail in our duty if"'
we diAnot try to remedy the evils, but we
shall succeed only if we proceed patient,
ly, wtih practical common sense as well
as resolution, separating the good from
the bad and holding on to the former
while?endcavoring to get rid of the latter.
In mr message to the present congress
at its. nrst session i aiscusseu ai leugui
the question of the regulation of those
big corporations .commonly doing an in- j
terstSkfe business, often with some tendency
to monopoly, which are popularly
known as trusts. The experience of the
past year has emphasized, in my opinion,
the gesirahiiity of the ,steps I then proposed
A fundamental requisite of social
efficiency is a high standard bf individual
energy and excellence, but this is in nowise-Inconsistent
with power to act In-;
combination for aims which cannot so
well be achieved by the individual acting
alone. A fundamental base of civilization .
is the inviolability of property; but this is j
In nowise inconsistent with the right of
society to regulate the exercise of the
artificial powers which it confers upon the
owners^)f property under the name of corporate
franchises in such a way as to j
prevent the misuse of these powers. Corporations.
and especially combinations of
corporations, should be managed under
public regulation. Experience has shown
that under our system of government the !
necessary supervision cannot be obtained
by state action. It must therefore be |
achieved by national action. Our aim is i
not to do away with corporations. On the
contrary, these big aggregations are an 1
inevitable development of modern industrialism.
and the effort to destroy them
would be futile unless accomplished in
ways that would work the utmost mischief
to the entire body politic. We can :
do nothing of good in i-he way of regulat- !
ing apd supervising "these corporations
until we fix clearly in our minds that we
are not attacking the corporations, but
endeavoring to do away with any evil in
them.- We are not hostile to them. Wo
are merely determined that they shall be
so handled as to subserve the public good.
We draw the line against misconduct, not
against wealth. The capitalist who, alone
or in conjunction with his fellows, performs
some great industrial feat by which
ho wins money is a welldoer, not a wrongdoer,
provided only he works in proper I
and legitimate lines. We wish to favor
such a man when he does well. We wish
to supervise and control his actions only
to prevent him from doing ill. Publicity
can do no harm to the honest corporation,
and we need not be overteteer about
sparing the dishonest corporation.
In curbing and regulating the combinations
of capital which are or may become
injurious to the public we must be care
ful not to stop the gTeat enterprises wmcn
have legitimately reduced the cost of production.
not to abandon the place which
our country has won In the leadership of
the International Industrial world..not to
strike down wealth with the result of
closing" factories and mines, of turning )
the wageworker Idle in the streets and
leaving the farmer without a market for
what he grows. Insistence upon the lm- !
possible means delay In achieving the possible
exactly as. on the other hand, the
stubborn defense alike of what is good
and what is bad in the existing system,
the resolute effort to obstruct any at.
tempt at betterment, betrays blindness to
the historic truth that wise evolution is
the sure safeguard against revolution.
No more important subject can come
before the congress than this of the regulation
of interstate business. This country
cannot afford to sit supine on the plea
that under our peculiar system of government
we are helpless in the presence of
the new conditions and unable to grapple
with them or to cut out whatever of evil
has arisen in connection with them. The
power of the congress to regulate interstate
commerce is an absolute and unqualified
grant and without limitations
other than those prescribed by the consti
XUUOn. ins Congress news Wiisnmuunot
authority to make all laws necessary and
^proper for executing this power, and I am j
satisfied that this power has not been exhausted
by any legislation now on the
statute books. It Is evident, therefore,
that evils restrictive of commercial free- j
Com and entailing restraint upon national
commerce fall within the regulative power
of the congress and that a wise and
reasonable law would be a necessary and
proper exercise of congressional authority
to the end that such evils should be eradicated.
I believe that monopolies, unjust d?s- ]
criminations, which prevent or cripple
competition, fraudulent overcapitalization
and other evils in trust organizations and ]
practices which injuriously affect interstate
trade can be prevented under the
power of the congress to "regulate commerce
with foreign nations and among i
!the several states" through regulations
Mm requirements operating directly upon
such commerce, the instrumentalities
thereof and those engaged therein.
I earnestly recommend this subject to the
consideration of the congress with Sl viewto
the passage of a law reasonable in Its
provisions and effective In Us operations,
upon which the questions can be finally
adjudicated that now raise doubts as to
the necessity of constitutional amendment.
If It prove Impossible to accomplish
the purposes above set forth by such
a law, tnen assuredly we should not
shrink from amending the constitution so
as to secure beyond peradventure the
power sought.
The congress has not heretofore made
any appropriation for the better enforcement
cf the antitrust law as it now
Stands. Very much has beep done by the
CSparTmetit Of JOStlce IS SWUrhlg (ne'erP '
forcement of this law, but much mor? i
could be done if ocmgrci?3 would limlce a
. special appropriation for this purpose, to
I be expended under the direction of the
' attorney general.
One proposition advocated has been the
reduction of the tariff as a means of j
, reaching the evils of the trusts which fall !
within the category.. T. have .described. \
| Not merely would ibis ds wnoliy lneffecI
live, but the diversion of our efforts in .
sucn a direction would mean the aban- I
donment of all intelligent attempt to do j
away with these evils. Many of the largest
corporations, many, of Jhcse which
should cectainly be ihtluded ih afiy proper ,
; sdhbme of regulation, would not be affected
In the slightest degree by a change !
in the tariff, save as such change interfered
with the general prosperity of tin- ;
! country. The only relation of tne tariff ;
to big corporations as a, whr.ie is that the
! tariff makes manufactures profitable, and
the tariff remedy proposed would be in {
; effect pimply to make manufactures un- |
j profitable. To remove the tariff as a
j punitive measure directed against trusts j
j would inevitably result in ruin tin the
i weaker competitor? who aire struggling j
: against then1., our aim should bo not by j
| unwise tariff changes to give foreign prod- I
: ucts the advantage over domestic prod- 1
! ucts. but by proper regulation to give do- j
j mestic competition a fair chance, and i
I this end cannot be reached by any tariff j
; changes which would affect unfavorably
i all domestic competitor?. good and bad .
j alike. -The .question ct regulation of the i
' trusts stands apart from the question of
tariff revision.
Stability of economic policy must al- !
ways be the prime economic need of this :
| country. This stability should net be fossilization.
The country has aeouiesced
in the wisdom of the protective tariff ;
| principle-. It is exceedingly undesirable i
that this system should be destroyed cr |
that there should be violent and radical '
changes therein. Our past experience i
ehnws tVint 7rc.it nrosneritv in thi3 coun
try has always come undera protective tar- i
iff and that the country cannot prosper
i Under fitful tariff changes at short intcrJ
valSv Moreover, if the thrift laws as a
: Whole work well and if business has prospered
under them and is prospering, it is
i better to endure for a time slight inconveniences
and inequalities in some sched- ;
I ules than to upset business by too quick j
and too radical changes. It is most ear
ncstly to be wished that we could .treat
tft* tariff from the Btandpdiitt solely of
our bUsiilesS needs. It is. perhaps, too ,
mufch to hope that partisanship may be j
entirely excluded from consideration of ,
i the subject, but at least it can be made i
secondary to the business interests of the
j country?that is. to the interest? bf bur !
Eeople as a whole. Uhqiiestionably these
usincse interests will best be served if
together with fixity of principle as re:
gards the tariff we combine a system
I which will permit us from time to time to
make the necessary reappiicat.'on of theprinciple
to the shifting national needs. .
We must take scrupulous carc that the
: reapplicatior. shall be tnade in such a way
; that it will hot amount to a dislocation of
our system; the mere threat of which, hot
to speak of the performance, would produce
paralysis in the business energies
of the community. The first considers- *
tion in making these changes would, of
course, be to preserve the principle which !
underlies our whole tariff system?that is, j
the principle of putting American busi- I
ness interests at least on a full equality
i with interests abroad and of always al?
lowing a sufficient rate of duty to more
than cover the difference between the
labor cost here and abroad. The well be
ing cf the wageworker. like .the well be- j
ing of the tiller of the soil; should ,';be
treated as an essential in shaping our j
whole eeor.omic policy. There must never i
be any change which will jeopardize the j
standard of comfort, the standard of j
wages, cf the American wageworker.
One way in which the readjustment
sought can be reached 13 by reciprocity j
treaties. It is greatly to be desired that !
such treaties may- be adopted. They can j
be used to wioen our marKeca ana 10 give
a greater fi?ld fob tho activities of cur {
producers on the ohe hand, and on the j
other hand to secure In practical shape j
the lowering of duties when they are no
longer needed for protection among our !
own people or when the minimum of dam- !
age done may be disregarded for the sake j
or the maximum Of ecod accomplished, r
Jf it prove impossible to ratify tlic pend- j'
lng treaties and if there seem to be no i
warrant for the endeavor to execute oth- |
ers or to amend the pending treaties so ;
that they can be ratified, then the same j
end-^to secure reciprocity?should be met !
by direct legislation.
Wherever the tariff conditions are such
that a needed change cannot with advantage
be made by the application of the
reciprocity Idea, then it can be made outright
by a lowering of duties on a given
product. If possible, such change should ,
be made only after the fullest considers- 1
tion by practical experts, who should approach
the subject from a business standpoint.
having in view both the particular
interests affected nnd the commercial well
being of the people as a whole. The machinery
for providing such careful investigation
can readily be supplied. The executive
department has already at its
disposal methods of collecting facts and
figures, and if the congress desires addi- I
uonai consiuerauon 10 umi. w iuw win uc
given the subject by its own committees,
then a commission of business experts can
be appointed whose duty it should He to
recommend action by the congress after
a deliberate and scientific examination of j
the various schedules as they are affected
by the changed and changing conditions.
The unhurried and unbiased report of this
commission would show what changes
should be made in the various schedules
and how far these changes could go without
also changing the great prosperity
which this country is now enjoying or
upsetting its fixed economic policy.
The cases in which the tariff can produce
a monopoly are so few as to constitute
an inconsiderable factor In the question:
but, of course, if in any case it be 1
found that a given rate of duty does promote
a monopoly which works ill, no pro- j
tectionist would object to such reduction
of the duty as would equalize competition.
In my judgment, the tariff on anthracite
coal should be removed and anthracite
put actually, where it now is nominally,
on the free list. This would have no effect
at all save in crises: but in crises it might
be of service to the people.
Interest rates are a potent factor in
business activity, and In order that these
rates may be equalized to meet the varying
needs of the seasons and of widely
separated communities, and to prevent the
recurrence of financial stringencies which
injuriously affect legitimate business, it
is necessary that there should be an element
of elasticity in our monetary system.
Banks are the natural servants of
commerce, and upon them should be
placed, as far as practicable, the burden j
of furnishing and maintaining a circulation
adequate to supply the needs of our
diversified industries and of our domestic
and foreign commerce, and the issue of
this should be so regulated that a sufficient
supply should be always available
for the business interests of the country.
JLl WUUiU ur UUUI UliWAOO C4.41VA Uituvvvwsary
at this time to attempt to reconstruct
our financial system, which has
been the growth of a century, but some
additionallegislation is. I think, desirable.
The mere outline of any plan sufficiently
comprehensive to meet these requirements
would transgress the appropriate limits
of this communication. It is suggested, i
however, that all future legislation on the
subject should be with the view of encouraging
the use of such instrumentalities
as will automatically supply every
legitimate demand of productive industries
and of commerce, not only in theamount,
but in the character of circulation,
and of making all kinds of money
interchangeable and, at the will of the
holder, convertible Into the esfablished
gold standard.
I again call your attention to the need
of passing a proper immigration law. covering
the points outlined in my message
to you at the first session of the present
congress. Substantially such a bill has
already pas?ad the house.
How to secure fair treatment alike for
labor and for capital, how to hold in
check the unscrupulous man, whether employer
or employee, without weakening
Individual Initiative, without hampering
and cramping the industrial development
of the country, is a problem fraught with
great difficulties ana one which it is of
the highest importance to solve on llne3
of sanity and farsighted common sense as
well as of devotion to the right. This is
an era or ieaerauuu uiiu t-uniuiiiuLivn.
Exactly as business men find they musi
often work fhrough corporations, and as
It Is a constant tendency of these corporations
to grow larger, so it Is often necessary
for laboring men to work in federa- i
tlons, and these have become important 1
factors of modern industrial life. Both
kinds of federation, capitalistic and labor,
can do much good, and as a necessary
corollary they can both do evil. Opposition
to each kind of organization should
take the form of opposition to whatever is
bad In the conduct of any given corporation
or union, net of attacks upon cor
porations as such nor upon unions as
such, for some of the most farreaching j
beneficent work for our people has been i
accomplished through both corporations
and unions. Each must refrain from arbitrary
or tyrannous lnterf'^fvnce with
the rights or others. Organi<Pd capital
and organized labor alike should remember
that in the long run the interest of
each must be brought into harmony with
the interest of the general public, and the '
conduct of each must conform to the
fundamental rules of obedience to the
law, of individual freedom and of justice
and fair dealing toward all. Each should
remember that in addition to power it
must strive after the realization of
healthy, lofty and generous ideals. Every
employer, every wageworker, must be
guaranteed his liberty and his right to do
as he likes with his property or his labor
so long as he does not infringe upon the j
rights of others. It is of the highest im- ;
portance thut employer ar.d employee
?TTTce should ehd^SToTTiJ appreciate each f
tho viewpoint of the other and tho euro
disaster that will come upon both in the !
long run if either grows to take as habit- !
ual an attitude of sour hostility and dis- )
trust toward ".he other. Few people deserve
better of the country than those representatives
both of capital and labor?
and there fire^}any such?who work con- i
tinuaily to b:?5s about a good understands
ing of this kind, based upon wisdom and
upon broad and kindly sympathy between
employers and employed. Above all, we
need to remember that any kind of class
animosity in the political world is, if pos- |
ribJe: ?\e!! more wicked, even more destructive
to national welfare, thai! Sectional,
race or religious animosity. We
can get good government only upon condition
that we keep true to the principles
upon which this nation was founded and
Judge.each man not as a part of a class,
but bpch lii3 individual fhcriw. All that
we have a right to ask of any man, rich
or poor, whatever his creed, his occupation,
his birthplace or his residence, is
that ho shall act well and honorably by
his peighbor and by his houotrc. We are
neitner lor the rich man as such ror tor
the poor man as such; we are fo- the upright
man, rich or poor. So f-*.r as tne ,
constitutional powers of the national government
touch these matters of general
and vital moment to the nation, they
should be exercised in conformity with
the principles, above set forth.
It id earnestly hoped that a secretary of j
commerce may be created, with a scat in
the cabinet. The rapid multiplication of j
Questions affecting labor and capital, the \
growth and complexity of the organiza- j
lions through which both labor and capi- i
tal now find expression, the steady tend- j
enc5' toward the emoloyment of capital in j
huge corporations and the wonderful
strides of tills country toward leadership
in the international business world justify
an urgent demand for the creation of j
such a position. Substantially all tho
leading commercial bodies In this country
have united in requesting its creation. It
is desirable that some such measure as j
that Wh'ch has Already passed the senate
be enacted Into law. The creatioii of fcueli
a department would in itself be an advance
toward dealing- with and exercising
supervision over the whole subject cf the
great corporations doi'lg an interstate
business, and with this end in view the
congress should endow the department {
with large powers, which .could be increased
aS experience frii&lit Shbw the t
need.
I hope soon to submit to the senate a j
reciprocity treaty with Cuba. On May 20
last the United States kept its promise to
the. island by formally vacating Cuban Soil
and turning Cuba over to those whom hoi*
own people had chosen as the first officials
of the new republic.
Cuba lies at our doors, and whatever af- j
fects her for good or for ill affects us also.
So much have our people felt this that in
the Piatt amendment we definitely took
the ground that Cuba must hereafter have
bloser political relations with us thaft with
any other power. Thus in a sense Cuba
has become a part of our international 1
political system. This makes it necessary
that in return she should be given some of !
the benefits of becoming part of our eco- j
nomic system. It is, from our own stand}>oint,
a shortsighted and mischievous pol- '
ey to fail to recognise this need. Moreover,
it is unworthy of a mighty and generous
nation, itself the greatest and most
successful republic in history, to refuse to
stretch out a helping hand to a young and
Weak sister republic just entering upon
*t_ " 1 -VTT,. !
us career ui ?? w st.uum .
ways fearlessly insist upon our rights in
the face of the strong, and we should with
ungrudging hand do our gerierous duty
by the weak. I urge the adoption ot reciprocity
with Cuba not only because it is j
eminently for our own Interests to control i
the Cuban market and by every means to J
foster our supremacy in the tropical lands j
and waters south or us. but also because
we of the giant republic of the north j
should make all our sister nations of the ;
American continent feel that whenever
they will permit it we desire to ShotV our- '
selves disinterestedly and effectively their
f ri end.
A convention with Great Britain has
been concluded, which will be at once laid
before the senate for ratification, providing
for reciprocal trade arrangements between
the United St&tes and Newfound- .
land on substantially the lines of. the convention
formerly negotiated by the secretary
of state, Mr. Elaine. I believe reciprocal
trade relations will be greatly to the
o/lvsntaco <->f hnth countries.
- -As civilization grows warfare becomes
less and less the normal condition of foreign
relations. The last century has
seen a marked diminution of wars between
civilized powers. Wars with un- j
civilized powers are largely mere matters
of international police duty, essential for j
the welfare of the world. Wherever possible
arbitration or some similar method
should be employed in lieu of war to settle
difficulties between civilized nations, although
as yet the world has not progressed
sufficiently to render it possible
or necessarily dc-slrable to invoke arbitration
in every case. The formation of the
international tribunal which sits at The
Hague is an event of good omen from
which great consequences for the welfare
of all mankind may flow. It is far better j
where possible to invoke such a perma- !
nent tribunal than to create special arbi- 1
trators for a given purpose.
It is a matter of sincere congratulation (
to our country that the United States and ]
Mexico should have been the first to use
the good offices of The Hague court. This
was done last summer with most satisfactory
results in the case of a claim at i
issue between us and our si3ter republic.
It is earnestly to be hoped that this first
case will serve as a precedent for others,
in which not only the United States but
foreign nations may take advantage of
the machinery already in existence at
The Hague.
I commend to the favorable consideration
of the congress the Hawaiian fire
claims, which were the subject of careful
investigation during the last session.
The eongress has wisely provided that
we shall build at once an isthmian canal, !
if possible at Panama. The attorney gen- j
eral reports that we can undoubtedly ac- j
quire good title from the French Panama
canal company. Negotiations are now j
pending with Colombia to secure her as- ;
sent to our building the canal. This canal I
will be one of the greatest engineering
feats of the twentieth century, a greater
engineering feat than has yet been ac- j
complishefl during tne nistory or manitinu .
The work should be carried out as a con- |
tinuing policy without regard to change i
of administration, and it should bo begun
under circumstances which will make it
a matter of pride for all administrations
to continue the policy.
The canal will be of great benefit to
America and of importance to all the
world. It will be of advantage to us industrially
and also as improving our military
position. It will be of advantage to
the countries of tropical America. It is
earnestly to be hoped that all of these
countries will do as some of them have |
already done with signal success and will
invite to their shores commerce and im- j
prove their material conditions by recognizing
that stability and order are the 1
Srerequisites of successful development.
iO independent nation in America need
have the slightest fear of aggression from 1
the United States. It behooves each on? 1
to maintain order within its own borders ,
and to discharge its Just obligations to !
foreigners. When this is done, they can
rest assured that, be they strong or weak, j
they have nothing to dread from outside
Interference. More and more -the increas- !
ing interdependence and complexity of
international political and economic relations
render it incumbent on all civilized
and orderly powers to insist on the proper
policing of the world.
During the fall of 1901 a communication
was addressed to the secretary o'f state
asking whether permission would be j
granted by the president to a corporation
to lay a cable from a point on the California
coast to the Philippine Islands by
way of Hawaii. A statement of conditions
or-terms upon which such corpora- j
tion would undertake to lay and operate
a cable was volunteered.
Inasmuch as the congress was shortly to *
convene and Pacific cable legislation had
been the subject of consideration by the
congress for several years, it seemed to
me wise to defer action upon the appllca- L
tion until the congress had first an opportunity
to act. The congress adjourned !
without taking any action, -leaving the
matter in exactly the same condition in
which it stood when the congress con- '
vened.
Meanwhile it appears that the Commer- 1
cial Pacific Cable company had promptly j
proceeded with preparations for laying its [
cable. It also made application to the i
president for access to and use of sound
ings taken by the United States steamship
Nero for the purpose of discovering a ;
practicable route for a transpacific cable, !
the company urging that with access to
these soundings it could complete its cable
much sooner than if it were required to i
take soundings upon its own account. ;
Pending consideration of this subject il
appeared important and desirable to attach
certain conditions to the permission
to examine and use the soundings if it j
should be granted.
In consequence of this solicitation of the
cable company certain conditions were
formulated, upon which the president was
willing to allow access to these soundings
and to consent to the landing and j
laving of the cable, subject to any altera- j
tions or additions thereto imposed by the
congress. This was deemed proper, espe- i
daily as it was clear that a cable con- j
nectlon of some kind with China, a for- j
eign country, was a part of the company's I
plan. This course was, moreover, in accordance
with a line of precedents, includ- |
lng President Grant's action in the case
o? the first French cable, explained to the j
congress In his annual message of December,
1875, and the instance occurring i
in 1879 of the second French cfcble from j
Brest to St. Pierre, with a branch to !
Cape Cod.
These conditions prescribed, among oth- j
er things, a maximum rate for commercial,
^messages and that the cogiPany I
I
glieuicr construct a' line" rrcm me r.uitp*
pine Islands to China, there being at present,
as Is Wei! known, a British line from
Manila to Hongkong.
The representatives of the cable company
kept these conditions long under consideration,
continuing in the meantime to
prepare for laying the enisle. They have,
however, at length acceded to them, and
an all American line between our Paeirlc
coast add the Chinese empire by way of
Honolulu and the Philippine Islands is
thus provided for and is expected within
a few months to be ready for business.
Among the conditions is one reserving ;
the power of the congress to modify or rc- \
peal any or all of them. A copy of the
conditions is herewith transmitted.
Of Porto Rico it la only necessary to say !
that the prosperity of th6 island and tho I
wisdom with which it has been governed
have been such a3 to make it serve as an
example cf all that ia best in insular administration.
On July 4 last, on the one. hundred and {
twenty sixth anniversary of the declaration
of our independence, peace and anri- !
rvesty were promulgated in the Philippine
Islands. Some trouble hart .since from ;
time to time threatened with the Mohammedan
micros, but with the late insurrectionary
Filipinos the war has entirely
ceased. Civil government has now been i
introduced. Not only does each Filipino I
enjoy euch rights to life, liberty and the j
pursuit of happiness as he has never before
khotvn dhring the recorded history of
the islands, but the people, taken ae a
whole, now enjoy a measure of self gov- j
err.ment greater than that granted to Any
other orientals by any foreign power and
greater than that enjoyed by any other
orientals under their own government:;
save the Japanese alone. We have not
gone ieo far In granting these rights of
liberty and self government, but we have
certainly gone to the limit that in Ui5 interests
o? the Philippine people themselves
it was wise or just to go. To hurry matters.
to go faster than we are now going,
would entail calamity on the people of
the islands. No policy ever entered into
by the .American people has vindicated itself
lit more signal manner than the policy
of holding tho Philippines. The triumph
of our arms, above all the triumph
of our laws and principles, has conic sooner
than we had any right to expect. Too
much praise cannot be given to the army j
for what it has done in the Philippines,
both in warfare and from an administra- !
live standpoint, in preparing the way for
civil government. And similar credit be- j
longs to the civil authorities for the way
In which they have planted the seeds pf
self government in tho ground thus made'
ready for them The courage, the tanflinching
endurance, the high soldierly effi- '
ciency arid the jreneral kind heartedness
and humanity of our troops haVe been
strikingly manifested. There now remain
only some 15.000 troops in the Islands. All J
told, over 100.000 have been sent there. Of
course there have been individual in- j
stances of wrongdoing among them. They i
Warred under fearful difficulties of cli- I
mate and Surroundings, and under the
strain of the terrible provocations which '
they continually received from their foes j
occasional instances of cruel retaliation j
occurred. Every- effort has been made to
prevent such cruelties, and finally these
efforts have been completely successful.
Every effort has also been made to detect
and punish the wrongdoers. After
making all allowance fop tnese misdeeds
it remains true that l'ew indeed have been I
the instances in whioh war has been
waged by a civilized power against semi- *
civilized or barbarous forces where there."'
has been so little wrongdoing by the vie- I
tors as in the Philippine Islands. On the
Other hand, the amount of difficult, important
and beneficent work which has beeh
dene is well nigh incalculable.
Talcing the work of the army and the I
civil authorities together, it may be ques- J
tioned whether anywhere else in modern [
times the world has seen a better exam- j
pie of real constructive statesmanship j
than our people have given in the Philip- j
pine Islands. High praise should also be |
given those Filipinos ? In the aggregate !
very numerous?who have accepted the ;
new conditions and joined with our representatives
to work with hearty good will j
for the welfare of the inlands.
The arm j' has been reduced to the mliiB
mum allowed by law. It is very small for
the size of the nation and most certainly i
should be kept at the highest point of efll- j
ciency. The Senior officers are given scant
chance xmder ordinary conditions to exercise
commands commensurate with their 1
rank under circumstances which Woiild fit
them to do their duty in time of actual i
war. A system of maneuvering our army
in bodies of some little size has been begun
and should be steadily continued.
Without such maneuvers It is folly to ex- i
pect that in the event of hostilities with
any serious foe even a* small army corps
could be handled to advantage. Both our j
officers and enlisted men are such that
we can take hearty pride in them. No
better material can be found. But thev !
must be thoroughly trained, both as indi- j
viduals and in the mass. The marksmanship
of the men must receive special at- j
tention. In the circumstances of modern [
warfare the man must act far more on
his own individual responsibility than ,
ever before, and the high individual efflciency
of the unit is of the utmost Importance.
Formerly this unit was the
regiment. It is now. not the regiment, not ,
even the troop or com pan y; It is the individual
soldier. Every effort must be made
to develop every workmanlike and sol- j
dierly quality in' both the officer and the
enlisted man.
I urgently call your attention to the
need of passing a bill providing for a gen- 1
eral staff and for the reorganization of
the supply departments or. the lines of the
bill proposed by the secretary of war last j
year. When the young officers enter the ;
s?rmv from Wost Point, thev orobably I
stand above their compeers in any other
military service. Every effort should be
made by training:, by reward of merit, by ;
scrutiny into their careers and capacity, j
to keep them of the same high relative
excellence throughout their careers.
The measure providing for the reorgan- i
Ization of the militia system and for securing
the highest efficiency in the nation- !
al guard, which has already passed the ,
house, should receive prompt attention
and action. It Is of great importance that
the relation of the national guard to the
militia and volunteer forces of the United
States should bo defined and that in place
of our present obsolete laws a practical
and efficient system should be adopted.
Provision should be made to enable the 1
secretary of war to keep cavalry and ar- j
tillery horses worn out in long perform- ;
ance of duty. Such horses fetch but a
trifle when sold, and rather than turn j
them out to the misery awaiting them
when thus disposed of it would be better <
to employ them at light work around the '
posts and when necessary to put them
painlessly to dea-;h.
For the first time in our history naval )
maneuvers on a large scale are being held j
under the Immediate command of the ad- !
mlral of the navy. Constantly increasing 1
attention is being paid to the gunnery of
the navy, but it is yet far from what it
should be. I earnestly urge that the in- j
crease asked for by the secretary of the
navy in the appropriation for improving
the marksmanship be granted. In battle j
the only shots that count are the shots j
that hit. It is necessary to provide ample !
funds for practice with the great guns in \
time of peace. These funds must provide
not only for the purchase of projectiles,
but for allowances for prizes to encour- j
age the gun crews, and especially the gun
pointers, and for perfecting an intelligent
system under which alone it is possible to t
get good practice. . I
There should be no halt in the work of i
building up the navy, providing every
year additional fighting craft. We are a
very rich country, vast in extent of terri- j
tory and great in population, a country,
moreover, which has an army diminutive
indeed when compared with that of any
other first class power. We have deliber- J
ately made our own certain foreign policies
which demand the possession of a
first class navy. The isthmian canal will
greatly Increase the efficiency of our navy
it tne navy is 01 sumcient size, duc 11 we
have an Inadequate navy then the building
of the canal would be merely giving a !
hostage to any power of superior strength, j
The Monroe doctrine should be treated as
the cardinal feature of American foreign
policy, but It would be worse than idle i
to assert it unless we intended to back It
up, and It can bo backed up only by a
thoroughly good navy. A good navy is
not a provocative of war. It Is the surest
guaranty of peace.
Each Individual unit of our navy should
be the most efficient of its kind as regards
both material and personnel that is to bo
found in the world. I call your special j
attention to the need of providing for the j
manning of *the ships. Serious .trouble
threatens us if we cannot do better than j
we are now doing as regards securing the
services of a sufficient number of the highest
type of sailormen. of sea mechanics, i
The veteran seamen of our warships are
of as high a type as can be found in any '
navy which rides the waters of tho world.
They are unsurpassed in daring, in reso- j
lutlon. in readiness, in thorough knowledge
of their profession. They deserve every
consideration that can be shown them.
But there are not enough of them. It is
no more possible to improvise a crew than
it is possible to improvise a warship. To
build the finest ship, with the deadliest
battery, and to send It afloat with a raw
crew, no matter how brave they were individually,
would be to Insure disaster if a
foe of average capacity were encountered.
Neither shins nor men can be improvised
when war has begun.
We need a thousand additional office?*
in order to properly man the ships now \
provided for and under construction. The
classes at the naval school at Annapolis
should be greatly enlarged. At the same
time that we thus add the officers where
we need them, we should facilitate the retirement
of those at the head of the list
whose usefulness has become impaired.
Promotion must be fostered If the service
is to be kept efficient.
The lamentable scarcity of officers and
the large number of recruits and of un
skilled- men necessarily put aboard tho .
How vessv-'id As CTie?" nave Deeri* JdirirhrsefoRG"!
has thrown upon our officers, and
especially on the lieutenants and junior
grades, unusual labor and fatigue and has
gravely, strained their powers of endurance.
.Nor is there sign of any immediate
letup ffi this strain, it must continue for
some time lonyer yntil more officers are
graduated from Aribaf/olSs and until the
recruits become trained and skillful in
their duties. In these difficulties Incident
upon the development of our war fleet the
Conduct of all our officers has been creditable
to the service, and the lieutenants
and junior grad-s In particular have dis?>layed
an ability and a steadfast cheerulness
which entitle them in the ungrudging
thanks 01 fill who realize the disheartening trials
and faliguc3 to t'.hi' h they are of necessity subjected.
..There is net a cloud on (he htwrzon at present.
ThefC teems not the slightest chance <> trouble
with a foreign power. We most earnestly hope
that 4his state of things may continue, and the
way to insure ita continuance is to provide for a
thoroughly efficient navy. The refusal to mamtain
such a navy would invite trouble, and if
trouble came would insure disaster. Fatuous self
Complacency or vanity or shortsightedness in refusing
to prepare for danger is both foolish and
wicked in such a ration as ours, and past experience
h?'s shown that such fatuity in refusing to
recognize Of prepare for any crista in advance is
usually succeeded by ft mad panic cf hysterical
fear oiice the crisis has actually arrived.
The sinking increase in the revenues of the
poatoff.ee department shows clearly the prosperity
of our people and the increasing'activity of the
business of the country.
The receipts of the pcstoffice department for
the fiscal year ending June 30 last amounted to
$12!,$4.C'',-(M7.2G, an increase of $10,21G,iw3.87 over
the preceding year, the largest increase known in
the history of the postal service. The magnitude
,L!- , ?? \-nat o-irwirjr from the fact
01 III 18 ;iJlI L-aSC rr Hi ?ve(
that the entire postal receipts for the year HCQ I
amounted to but $8,513,007. "
Ruial free delivery service is no longer in the
experimental stage. It has become a fixed policy.
The results following its introduction have fully
justified the congress in the large appropriations
made for its establishment and extension. The
average yearly increase in postofflce receipts in
the rural districts of the country is about 2 per
cent. We are now able, by actual results, to
show that where rural free delivery service has
been established to such an extent as to enable
us to make comparisons the yearly increase has
been upward of 10 per cent.
Uti Nor. I, 1U02, 11,650 rural free delivery
routes bad been established and were in operation,
covering about one-third of the territory of the
United States available for rural free delivery
service. There are now awaiting the action of
the department petitions and applications for the
establishment cf 10,748 additional routes. This
Shows conclusively the want which the establishment
Of the service has met and the need of further
extending it as rapidly as possible. It is
justified Loth by the financial results and by the
practical benefits to our rural population; it
brings the men who live on the soil into close
relation.? with the active business world; it keeps
the farmer in daily touch with the markets; it is
a potential educational force; it enhances the
value cf farm property, makes farm life far
pleasanter and less isolated, and will do much to
check the undesirable current from country to
city.
It is to be hoped that the congress will make
liberal appropriations for the continuance of the
Service already established and for its further extension.
Few subjects of more importance have been
taken up by the congress In recent years than
the inauguration of the systpm of nationally aided
irrigation fcr the arid regions of the far west.
A good beginning therein has been made. Nowthat
this policy of national irrigation has been
adopted the need of thorough and scientific forest
protection will grow more rapidly than ever
throughout the public land stares.
I-eglslation should be provided for the protection
the game and the wild creatures generally
on the forest reserves. The senseless slaughter
cf game, which can by Judicious protection be
permanently preserved on our national reserves
for the people as a whole, should be stopped at
once. It is, for instance, a serious count against
bur national good sense to permit the present
practice of butchering on such a stately and
beautiful crcfittme as the elk for its antlers or
tusks.
So far as they are d tillable /or agriculture and
to whatever extent they may to* reclaimed under
the national irrigation "law, "the remaining public
lands should be held rigidly for the bonvbvii.der,
the settler who lives on his land, and for no one
else. In their actual use the desert land l*yr.
the timber and store law and the cornmutatioft I
clause of the homestead law have been so perverted
from the intention with which they were
enacted as to permit the acquisition of large
arca3 of the public domain for other than actual
eettlera and the consequent prevention of settlement.
Moreover, the approaching exhaustion of
the public ranges has of late led to much discussion
as to the best manner of using these public
lands in the west which are suitable chiefly or
only for grazing. The Sound and steady dcvelopBicnt
of tl>e west depends upon the building up
of homes therein. Much cf our prosperity as a
nation has been due to the operation of the homestead
law. On the other hand, we> should recognize
the fact that in the grazing region the man
who corresponds to the homesteader may be unable
to settle permanently if only gllowed to use
the same amount of pasture land that Jds brother,
the homesteader, is allowed to use of arable land.
One hundred and sixty acres pf fairly rich and,
well watered soil or a much smaller amount of' j
irrigated land may keep a family in plenty, when*-'
as do one could get a living from 160 acres of
dry pasture land capable of supporting at the1 j
outside only ore head cf cattle to every ten acres, j
In the past great tracts of the public? domain
have bean fenced in bv persons Lavirg no title
thereto, in direct defiance of the law forbidding
the maintenance or construction 01 m;> duv.u ,
lawful incloeure Cr public land. For various I
reasons there has been little interference with 1
6uch inclosures in the past, but ample notice jhag |
now been given the trespassers, and all the >
sources at the command of the government will j
hereafter be used to put a atop to aucli trespaerir.g. J
In view of the capital importance of these matters
I commend them to the earnest consideration
of the congress, and if the congress finds difficulty
in dealing with them from ku of thorough
knowledge of tne subject I recommend that provision
be made for a commission of experts specially
to investigate and report upon the complicated
questions involved.
I especially urge "upon the congress the need pf
wise legislation for Alaska. It is not to our
credit as a nation that Alaska, which has been
ours for thirty-five years, should still have as poor I
a system of laws as is the case. No country lms
a more valuable possession in mineral wealth, in
fisheries, furs, forests and also in land available
for certain kinds of farming and stock growing.
It is a territory of great size and varied resources,
well fitted to support a large permanent
population. Alaska needs a good land law and
such provisions for homesteads and pre-emptions .
as will encourage permanent settlement. Wo
should shape legislation with a view not td the
exploiting and abandoning of the territory, but
to the building up of home* therein. The Jand
laws should be liberal in type, eo as to hold out
inducements to the actual settler whom we ntost* ;
dcrire to see take possession of the country. The. '
forests of Alaska should be protected, ana, as a ,
secondary but still important matter, the game '
also, and at the same time it is imperative that
the settlers should be allowed to cut timber, under
proper regulations, for their own use. Law?
should ue enacted to. protect the Alaskan salmon . (
fisheries against the greed which would destroy
them. They should be preserved as a permanent '
industry and food supply. Their management !
and control should be turned over to the commis- (
sion of fish and fisheries. Alaskk should have a [
delegate in the congress. It would be well if a I
congressional committee could visit Alaska and j
investigate fttf'needs on the ground.
In dealing with the Indians our aim should be [
their ultimate absorption into the body of our
people, but in many cases this absorption must
and should be very slow. In portions of the Indian
Territory the mixture of bdood has gone on
at the same time with progre&B In wealth and
education, so that there are plenty of men with '
varying degrees of purity of Indian bipod who
are absolutely indistinguishable in point of social,
anrl economic ability from their white
associates. There are other tribes which have as i
jet made no perceptible advance toward suclfc
equality. To to" to force such tribes too fast is
to prevent their going forward at all. Moreover,
the tribes live under widely different conditions.
Where a tribe has made considerable advance and.
lives on fertile farming .soil it i3 possible to allot
the members lands in severalty much as is the
case with white settlers. There are other tribes
where such a course is not desirable. On the
arid prairie lands the effbtt should be to induce
the Indians to lead pastoral rather than agricultural
lives and to permit them to settle in villages
rather than to force them into isolation.
The large Indian schools situated remote from
any Indian reservation do a special and peculiar
work of great importance; but, excellent though j
these are, an immense amount of additional work i
must be done on the reservations themselves
among the old, and, above all, among the young
Indians.
The first and most important step toward the
absorption of the Indian is to teach him to eam
his living, vet it is not necessarily to be assumed
that in each community all Indians must become
either tillers of the soil or stock raisers. Their
industries may properly be diversify, and those
who show special desire or adaptability* for industrial
cr even commercial pursuits should be encouraged
so far as practicable to follow out each
his own bent.
Every effort should be made to develop the Indian
along the lines of natural aptitude and to
encourage the existing native industries peculiar
to certain tribes, such as the various kinds of
basket weaving, canoe building, smith work and
blanket work. Above all, the Indian boys and
girls should be given confident command of colloquial
English and should ordinarily be prepared
for a vigorous struggle with the conditions under
which thrir people live rather than for immediate
absorption into some more highly developed
community.
The officials who represent the government in
dealing with the Indians work under hard conditions
and also under conditions which render it
easy to do wrong and very difficult to detect
wrong. Consequently they should be amply paid
on the one hand, and en" the ether hand a particularly
high standard of conduct 6bould be demanded
from them, ar.d where misconduct can be
proved the punishment should be exemplary.
In no department of governmental work in recent
years has there been greater success than
in that of giving scientific aid to the farming
population, thrreby showing them how most efficiently
to help themselves. There i3 no need of
insisting upon it3 importance, for the woifare of
the farmer is fundamentsiiy .necessary to the
welfare of the republic as a whole. In addition
to such work as quarantine against animal and
vegetable plagues, end warring against them when
here introduced, much efficient help has been ren- ;
dcred to the farmer by the introduction of now
plants specially fitted for cultivation under the
peculiar conditions existing in different portions
of the country. New cereals have been established
ia the semiarid west. Fop instance, the practi;
__ I
caLilftfof proiTucTnp the best Cymes' oTTfiiciro nT
wheats In regions of en annual rainfall of only
fen incnes or thereabout Las been conclusively
dt monstf of ed: Through the introduction of navr
rices in Louisiana and Texasi the production of
rice in this country has been made to about equal
the home demand. In the southwest the possioilr
ity of regrassing overstocked range lands has been
demonstrated; in the nortiz many new forage
crops have been introdueed, while in the east it1
has been shown that some qf our choicest fruits
Can be stored and shipped in such a way as to
find a profitable market abroad.
I again recommend to the favorable consideration
of the congress the plans of the Smithsonian
institution for making the museum under its
charge worthy of the ratfcir and for preserving;
at the national capital not only records of the
vanishing races of men, bat of th^Spnimals of thitf
continent which, like the buffalo, ^viil soon become
extinct unless specimens fropi which their
representatives may be renewed ar*s8ought in
th>ur native regions and maintained there in
safety.
The District of Columbia is the only part d
our territory in which the national government
exercises local or municipal functions and where;
in consequence the government has a free hand
in reference to certain types of social and eco-'
nomic legislation which must be essentially local
or municipal in their character, nie government,
should E.:e to it, for instance, that the hygienic
and sanitary legislation affecting Washington is
of a high character. The- evils of slum dwellings,1
whether in the shape of crowded and congested!
tenement house districts or of the bach alley!
trpe, should never be permitted to grow up in
Washington. The city should be a model in every
respect for ell the cities of the country. Tha
charitable and correctional systems of the Disy
trict should receive consideration at the hand3 of
the congTess to the end that they may embody
the results of the most advancod thought in these"
fields. Moreover, while Washington is not g great
industrial city, there is some industrialiara here,,
and our labor legislation, while it would not bej
important in itself, might be made a model fori
tha rest of the nation. We should pass, for in?|
stance, a wise employer's liability act for the District
of Columbia, and we neca suclf an act in:
our navy yards. Railroad companies in the Dis-j
trict ought to be required by law to block their
frogs.
The safety appliance law, for the better protection
of the lives and limbs of railway ehW
ployees, Which was passed in 1S93, went into fulT
effect on Aug. 1, 1901. It has resulted in averting
thousands of casualties. Experience show*,
however, the necessity of additional legislation
to perfect this law. A bill to provide for this
Eassed the senate at the last session. It is to be
cped that some such measure may now be enacted
into law.
There is a growing tendency to provide for the
publication of masses of documents for which'
there is no public demand and for the printing of;
which there is no real necessity. Large numbers!
of volumes are turned out by the government
printing presses for which there is no justification.
Nothing should be printed by any of the depart-,
ments unless it contains something of permanent
value, and the congress could with advantage cut!
down very materially on all the printing which!
it has now become customary to provide. Thej
excessive cost of government printing is a strong!
argument against the position of those who are
inclined on abstract grounds to advocate the gov-!
ernment's doing any work which can with pro-|
prieiy be left in private hands.
Gratifying progress has been^made during the
year in "the extension of the mem system of mak-i
mg appointments in the government service. It!
should be extended by law to the District of Go-!
lumbia. It is much to be desired that our con-,'
sular system be established by law on a basis
providing for appointment and promotion only in
consequence of proved fitness.
Through a wise provision of the congress at its
last session the White House, which had become
disfigured by incongruous additions and change*,
ha3 now been restored to wh*t it was planned to
be by Washington. In making the restorations
the utmost care has been exercised to come ah
near as possible to the early plans and to supplement
these plans by a careful study of such
buildings as that of the University of Virginia,
which was built by Jraerson. The White House
5? th? nronertv of the nation, and 80 far as is
compatible with living therein it should b? kept
as it originally was, for the same reasons that,'
we keep Mount Vernon as it originally was. The
stately simplicity of its architecture Is an ex*
firession of the character of the period In which'
t was built and is in accord with the purposes
it was designed to serve. It is a good thing to
preserve such buildings as historic monuments
which keep alive our sense of continuity wfth the
nation's past.
The reports of the several executive depart*
nents are submitted to the congress with this
ommumcation. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, j
MRS, GORE LAID TO REST.
Funeral In Paris- Over Body of Murdered
American Art Student.
Consul General Govvdy, at Paris, has
received a letter from M. Elsasser, of
London, offering to furnish information
to the family of Mrs. Gore, the
American art student, which will assist,
he says, in clearing up the facts
in connection with her death in a Paris
studio.
Mr. Gowdy has written to Elsasses
asking him to forward details.
The funeral of Mrs. Gore took place
at the American church in Paris Wednesday
afternoon, and was attended
by a large crowd, mainly Americans.
"DOOLEY" SOON TO WED.
Author Peter F. Dunne Decides to
Join Army of Benedicts.
According to a Chicago dispatch,
"Mr. Dooley" is going to join the army
of benedicts. He failed to tell his
friend Hennessy about It, but that was
hardly to be expected.
However, the engagement of Finley
Peter Dunne, who has made "Mr. Dooley"
famous, to Miss Margaret Abbott,
daughter of Mrs. Mary Abbott, has
been announced. The bride is a former
resident of Chicago, but has made
her home in Paris for the past few
years. She is described the typical
'American girl.
COSTLY BLAZE AT KNOXV1LLE.
Big Firm in Tennessee City is Burned
Out for Second Time.
. Fire at Knoxville, Tenn., Saturday
morning destroyed the large stock
and handsome Tennessee marble business
house of M. L. Ross & Co., wholesale
grocers.
This firm was totally burned out in
the big million and a half dollar fire
in Knoxville in 1S97. It at once rebuilt
its business house on the same
site.
?
MILL AND POSTOFFICE ROBBED.
Professionals Get in Good Work at
Enoree. South Carolina.
Burglars dynamited the safe in the
office of the Enoree Manufacturing
Company at Enoree, South Carolina,
at an early hour Thursday morning,
securing 53,000 in cash. In addition
the same in the postoffice, which was
the safe in the postoffice, which was
and- $300 in stamps and money secured.
The mill authorities offer a reward
of $500 for the arrest of the men who
were evidently professionals in their
line.
IMMENSE COASTWISE CARGO.
Steamship Carries 10,222 Bales Cotton
and 786 Tons Iron.
The steamship City of Memphis, of
the Ocean Steamship Company, sailed
from Savannah for Boston Friday afternoon
with 10,222 bales of cotton and
786 tons of pig iron. This is the record
coastwise cargo from the port.
The cotton is worth, in round figures,
$400,000. In number of bales,
larger cargoes of cotton have been
shipped to foreign ports, but this is
the largest and most valuable domestic
shipment of cotton that ever left
the port.
By the recent census the population
?f New Zealand is fixed at 815.820.
? * ' ' : : " "Ir
I SOUTH CAROLINA \
J STATE NEWS ITEMS. J
4.
Postoffice Safe is Cracxed.
Early last Sunday morning the postpffice
at Hartsville, -aruncton county,
was robbed of about $200. Most
of it was government funds. The safe
was broken open. No clew to the robpers
has been found.
*
e *
New South Carolina industries.
The Chattanooga tradesman reports
the following new industries in
this state for the past week:
Paxville, saw mill; Columbia, $50,000
mining company; Chester, $10,000
land and lumber company; Orangeburg,
dry kiln; McCall, $1,000,000
cotton mill.
V
Decapitated by a Train.
A. G. Waite, a merchant at Westminster,
attempted .to cross the track I
Sunday night before the southbound
vestibule on the Southern railway. He
was struck by the engine, thrown on
the track and his head crushed off. He
leaves a wife and one child.
o
*
Partridges Not Protected.
Partridges are being offered for sale
throughout the state, although there
is a law against selling any bird killed
in this state, and the law is good for
five years. Birds brought to South
Carolina from other states, can be offered
for sale, and it is not known
how any officer of the law can distinguish
between the South Carolina bird
and one from elsewhere.
e *
Reward Offered for1 Burglars.
Burglars dynamited the safe in the
office of the Ennoree Manufacturing
Company at Enoree, securing $3,000
in cash. In addition the safe in the
postomce, which was. in the same
building, was also opened and $300 in
stamps and money secured.
The mill authorities, offer a reward
of $500 for the arrest of the men,
who were evidently professionals i%
their line.
* *
Fell to instant Death.
While working on the addition to
the mill of the American Spinning
Company at Greenville, Jim Bain, a
carpenter, fell from the fourth story, a
distance of 55 feet. His head struck
the ground floor first, smashing it almost
into a jelly
Bain was engaged in handling a pile
of lumber and backed unconsciously
into a well hole used for conveying
lumber from the first floor.
*
* *
To Move Railroad Shops. :
The Carolina and Northwestern
railroad will remove the company
shops from Chester, this state, to Gastonia,
North Carolina. The buildings
at Chester are totally inadequate to
the needs of the company, and it is
also inconvenient for the headquarters
of the road to be located at that
end of the line. It has been intimated
that if the road is extended across ;
the mountain, the location of the
shops at Gastonia is only temporary,
as it would be advisable to have the
company's works either at Lenoir or
Hickory.
?
* *
Two Federal Officials Dead.
George I. Cunningham, United
States marshal for the district of
^ i s\A in PV>o rl natATl
OUULUL uicu 111 vuui iv/uwvm
the past week, at the age of 67 years.
He was one of the most picturesque
characters in South Carolina. He
came to this state from East Tennessee
when a boy, and from a butcher's
apprentice, became a millionaire.
He was republican mayor of Charleston
two terms during military rule,
and was appointed United States marshal
in 1869. He served one term as
postmaster of -Charleston, and was
about two months ago again appointed
United States mar hal.
Col. C. J. Fuston, clerk o. the Uni- j
ted States district court, died at his
home in Hampton county a few days )
ago. These two vacancies in promi
nent federal offices will be much
sought after.
New County Proposed.
The latest new county scheme is
one to be carved out of portions of
Abbeville, Edgefield and Greenwood,
to be called Calhoun, with McCormick
as the county seat.
A petition has been presented to
the governor asking that an election
be held, and it is alleged to have the
necessary number of signers to make
it constitutional. This and all other
constitutional requirements will be
vaminaH hv the attornev general of
the state, and if found to be in order
the governor will order an election.
The petition states that it is proposed
to cut off 159 square miles from Abbeville,
62 from Greenwood and 185 from
Edgefield, making in all 463 square
miles?just three more than is required
by the constitution. The number
of inhabitants in the proposed
county will be 15,364 and the taxable
property is valued at $1,721,636.
Should the scheme go through all
the territory that can be taken from
Abbeville will have been cue off, and
the same may be said of Edgefield; In
which case, too. the idea of forming a
new country with North Augusta as
the county seat will be knocked out.
*
* *
To Investigate Wreck.
It is learned that the investigation
cf the terrible wreck which occurred
at Spartanburg when No. 35, the fast
mail from Washington, was wrecked,
will be held in Charlotte.
The crew who were in charge of
the cars which ran away ha7e been
suspended from work, if is said, pend*
ing the result of the investigation.
The engineer and fireman, however,
are not being held, as they are in no
wise regarded as bearing any responsibility
in the matter. It is reported
the runaway cars were standing on a
side track at the junction, and the
main line switch was open. The three
cars which caused the wreck had been
standing on the siding about an hour
before the cars rolled off. The crew,
at the junction claim that they did not
know when the cars started down the
grade toward Spartanburg on the fatal
trip
NEGRO'S ONLY TRUE FRIEND |?
Is the White Man of the South, Say?
General Gordon in Lecture at
Booker Washington's School.
"Standing in the presence and meat*
uring well my words, with the fear o? '
God upon me, I declare to yon that
the southern white man is the best |||
friend the negro in the south has."
Such was the deliverance of Gen-. |
eral John B. Gordon under dramatic g
circumstances before the teachers rM
and students of the Tuskegee (Ala.) 'ipi
institute, Booker T. Washington^
school, last Saturday night
The general, accompanied by for-1|B
mer Congressman James E. Cobb and
Hon. C. W. Hare, had but a moment
before entered the spacious audita*
rium of the school, and had received . ^
a welcome as warm and as hearty as
any he has ever received from any"'
audience of his own race. With one .
accord as he entered the door, the 'Xg
1,800 students from the twon of Tns* :f
kegee Jumped to their feet and made
the welkin ring with salvos of welcome,
interspersed with the college ,*
yell of the male students as a huge
American flag was hoisted to the raftIn
a voice trembling with emotion, |||
the battle-scarred veteran of the civil war,,
a commander of confederate ;
troops, faced his audience of .black &tu> ,
dents to deliver his famous lecture,
"The Last Days of the Confederacy." *J?
He paid an unstinted word of praise
to the faithfulness of those of the H
negro race who, with so much of faith- ^
fulness,,, befriended and cared for the %
wives and sisters of the confederate . *
soldiers who went to the front in a
war having for its issue the continuation
of slavery.
"Such a record," said the general, '
"stands to the credit of no other race
on the face of the globe." He also
paid a beautiful tribute to the old plantatlon
songs sung with sucn power and
beauty . by these Tuskegee students, |||
and thanked them and the principal of'
the school for their preservation. .
After the lecture General Gordon re- M
marked that he was altogether unpre- .;v||
pared for the heartiness and cordiality
and unusualness of the reception tendered
him by the students 01 Booker ^
Washington's school.
CASTRO YIELDS TO BILL.
Hands Kaiser Written Acceptance of
claims Aaalnst Venezuela. ?5
A special from Berlin, Germany,-||H
says; President Castro, of Venezuela, .
handed, probably on last Thursday, to yji
the German minister at Caracas a
I written acceptance of part of Germany's
claims sufficiently comprehen- ; -]
sible to delay the presentation of a Jmfl
joint ultimaiSm by Germany and
Great Britain, if not rendering It altogether
unnecessary. It is also- un?-|M
derstood that Great Britain's demands ?ksS
will be satisfied.
Foreign Secretary Von RichUofen and
the.British foreign secretary, AiigS
Lord Lansdowne, are now in correspondence
over .Venezuela's change of ^
front. This government considers %
that a peaceful settlement o_ the ques- v ; >
tions in dispute is quite probable, and ^||
attributes President Castro's yielding
to the fact that he has become aware
that the United States would not interpose
any obstacle to the forcible
collection of the claims of Germany
and Great Britain.
VALUABLE POUCH MISSING.
Mail Sack Containing $23,000 Cannot.
be Accounted For.
A sack of mail containing $14,000
in drafts and checks from the internal
revenue office at Danville, Ky., and,.; /^
$9,000 in bank checks and Grafts be- .
eiiioa rpcistpred letters from various
parties, was stolen or lost between the . ||fi
Danville post office and the depot or.
on the Cincinnati mail train ten day*
ago.
James Hocker, the mail carrier,
says he delivered the sack to the mail
agent on the train, but the mail agent
says Hocker did not.
Carlton Bank Burglarised.
The bank of Carlton, Ga., was bor- /^|
glarized Sunday morning. The safe
was blown open with dynamite and /
about $89 were secured by the rob- * js
bers. There were about $1,000 in the Jgj
safe that the robbers missed.
WEST WILL NCT SUFFER. '
Secretary of Agriculture so States J?|
Anent Foot and Mouth Disease.
The west is not to suffer because .of " .
the epidemic of hoof and mouth disease
of cattle, hogs and sheep in the
New England states, says Secretary.
* . 1 ?_ jsS
of Agriculture wnson, wno arrived i?
Chicago Sunday night to attend the
International Livestock exposition.
"The indications are that we will be
successful in stamping out the disease
before it reaches this section," said
the secretary.
.-,V 'y?gfk
STRIKE IN HOUSTON, TEXAS.
Street Car Conductors and Motorjnen
Make a Number of Demands.
The street car conductors and motormen
at Houston, Texas, walked out
Monday morning and traffic was stopped.
The question of rules submitted
by the men is the Keystone of the
trouble. The men claim they have been
working twelve and thirteen
hours a day for less than $2 and they
demand $2 for nine hours' work. They
also demand recognition of the union
and the adoption of certain rule#. _
.