Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ESTABLISHED 1891. BAMBERG, S. 0., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1899. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. THE OPEN DOOK POLICY. 11 SOUTH CAROLINA MANUFACTURERS C WANT IT MAINTAINED IN CHINA. * A number of Spartanburg mill men * have addressed an open letter to Sen- * * ators Tillman and McLaurin and the * Representatives of this State in the ? House, asking them to insist upon a government policy that will insure the ii freest access of the products of South- c ern co.ton manufaciurers into the mar- ^ . ~ kets of China. The manufacturers o: hold that the Chinese market is by far fcft Ttnrta* imnnrtant of ihe WOrltl. TheV H view with alarm the establishment of f( ' .spheres: of influence by Russia, Ger- C many and other powers, and ask the m South Carolina Representatives to do gi all they can for the main tain ance of cc 4 the open door policy heretofore guar- ot an teed by treaties, etc. Senator Mc- to Laurin was the first to answer the let- of ter and his reply is as follows: th Bennsttsyille, S. C., Oct. l?. bi Messrs. J. B. Cleveland, J. H. Mont- ti< * gomery and others, Spartanburg, pa S. C. A m Dear Sirs: Your letter has been received. I fully concur in every thing foil say about tne importance or the retention of the trade of the South . - with China. The "open door policy" is mj what we need; and want. This has stJ hitherto .been secured by "treaty po rights," which have been respected by other nations only to the exteLt to tej which it conduced io their trade inter- (ja est While ostensibly recognizing ^ these "treaty rights," other nations, ^ in violation of them, have acquired in> territory and excluded therefrom our th< ' legitimate commerce. Russia has gi ad- \r ually absorbed Manchuria and is build- p0i ing a railroad across Siberia to com- bu mand the trade of China. Germany to has been active and is waiting in ex- do pectancy to obtain the Philippines. C0] Japan has given Russia all the finits p0] of her victory 1892. France has been the willing tool of Russia, mid wjj England has been passive in her fear ths to assail her. ^ This was the status in the East when ths y the battle of Manila occurred. This ciu victory thwarted all the schemes of wa Russia for the dismemberment of prc Carina, and rendered its absorption and ^ J partition impossible. If yon want the wa "open door," the United States now hoi holds the hey.' The archipelago of the j t . Philippines lies along the coast of Asia ^ "for 800 miles and commands it. Ma- er? nila is the point in tho East which is ten the centre of ocean traffic. It is the pro only point where foreign nations could ge? hate obtained commercial stations waj : - - withouta struggle. ?a? In the Yicissitade and good fortune ^ of a war with Spain, and without any intention of doing so, the United States has acquired the possession of r the Philippines, which gives to her ' paramount political and commercial 'J advantages. My judgment is that, the control of Cor them, or at least of some portions, is 1 the only safeguard for our trade inter- tha ests in the East. Hie abandonment of knc them means the dismemberment of que ; China, its partition among the Euro- pro pean poweis, and the inevitable loss of ma our Chinese trade. an , I note ypnsayin your letter, "that pec the question of onr rights m China the does not include an attempt to bring soli other nations under the influence of tioi v. our flag; that this is not a question of filh . - empire, but simply ^question of trade, I etc." on It seems to me that the question of is j -trade & not alone involved. The com- nes mercial and political aspects of the infl great problem of the hour In this trai country are inseparable, and it is use- we] ^ less to-close our eyes to thaC fact. Th Would it not be folly for us'to sacrifice wil ' onr commercial interests for purely cor political considerations 3 The main- g , tenance of our trade in the Easl does ed 7in? n?ceasarilv mean the forcible annex- old . ation of the Philippines, or the denial ]y i of the right of local self-government, mg but when the war is. ended by treaty ent or otherwise for Congress to settle all 'Q .. Questions*in a just and constitutional to TWJ. , " im I do not favor the adoption by the anl country of a colonial policy because of the the vexed and threatening problems in growing ont of it; but I do think that, it. if possible, the United States should tei maintain sufficient interests m the eh islands to command equal trade rights I with other nations in China. This will wl prevent for a long time the dismember- y& ment of this vast empire. England A1 and Japan favor the. integrity of the thi empire; but they alone cannot guaran- ha tee it against the other European pow- eh ers. With the weight of the influence gr< of the United Stales thrown against no dismemberment, it would be rendered or Impossible. ho At present, Hong Kong, under art v British influence, is the great distrib- er _ . uting centre of the orient. Manila, tn under American influence, will occupy li\ a better strategic and geographic position, and should become a commercial ed centre of that portion of the worlds ne Commercial supremacy is the goal of to every civilized nation?it is only at- be tained through commercial progress w and commercial expansion. In tliis af great battle among the nations, with- sc ont design. of our own, while they {in were hailing among themselves, Dew- J tc v ey into Manila bay, we And foot- j st hold within two days' journey of this oi land of consumers, where half the it population of the world is congregated tc wiffctn an area no larger than the j lj United States. ~ j v There is much political rot in the' e constant parading of the term "impe- ' a rialism." It is a misnomer, intended - to confuse and deceive. It involves' li *' the idea of the incorporation into our j '. body politic, as American citizens,; d millions of the semi-barbarous inhabi-' a tants of a tropical country. I do not c believe such a thing is intended, possi- S ble or desirable ; nor is such a result i necessary to secure such commercial | expansion as wo want. I think the i dictates of common sense will govern 1 the American people, and the ghost < "imperialism," sprung for political i effects, will not prevent them from f gathering the full fruit%of the victory f so easily won, and treading the paih so 1 plainly blazed out by an overruling \ providence. < X am willing to concede honesty of purpose and sincerity of conviction < to others on these questions. It is difficult for a representative to view this question as he should while the ^ # . - * _ r * ?ar is in progress, and both parties ittempting to make political capital out >f it; one making frantic appeals to 'stand by the ?Lig," and the other critcising |on humanitarian grounds everyliing that is said or done. When hese questions are considered by Conress, it i3 my purpose to act and vote op what I conceive to be for the best iterests of South Carolina. A disbarge of duty to the best of my ability pill come up to the full measure of my bligations. As you request, I will use .my uttost. endeavors to preserve and en>rce all of our "treaty rights" in hina; but with the lights now before ie, I feel that these are feeble safelards. The United States, with the >ntrol of the Philippines, by treaty or herwi8e, will be in a position not only insist npon, but to assert equality > * ? I - - x*_ - n x TITlxl x : iraae rignis in me jciasu tv iuiuui is, all slie can do is to respectfully it firmly protest against their viola)n by other nations, but, as in the LSt, is not ii> a position to assert and aintain them. Yours very truly, JNO. L. MCLatjrin. ^ Senator Tillman has made the followg reply, which tersely and correctly ites the position of the South both litically and commercially: I have your communication of Sepnber 25th, addressed to the South rolina delegation in the Congress of s United States. I have read it refully and can assure you that nothX will be left undone by me to have 3 United States government protect nerican interests in the East. I op3ed the annexation.of the Philippines, II am ready to vote money and men prevent the Asiatic market being sed to our manufactures. There is nmon sense and patriotism in one [icy and there is danger and absoely no necessity for the other. I 1 say for your private information it in the debate on the Spanish treaty t winter, it was made very evident \i the motive which led to the purise of the Philippines from Spam s clearly outlined to embrace the nervation of the Chinese market to lerican manufactures, and that it s thought there was advantage m ding those islands with that view, bought we could get all the trade. rnn^onj vitKntlt. onnPYlltion hv AT. ising a protectorate, and not at- 1 lpting to deal^with^the perplexing bleih of governing so many heteroleous peoples. The whole world is bching the developments in the rt, and I think there is no need of rm lest America be left out. ^ Yours respectfully, " B. B. Tillman. ['HE"QUESTION OF LABOB. respondence Home and Farm, kmong all the ^difficult problems t confront the Southern planter I iwoi none more serious than the siion of hired labor. The overduction of cotton is a secondary tter by the side of that. There is nnedy and a good one, too, if our pie could be induced to see it, for trouble with cotton; but I see no itien of tbe help problem?no solu1 that appears at all likely of f ulnent. it is well known that the mainstay mapy of our Southern plantations in the help derived from the old pro slaves and those whom they can nence. These Old slaves had been Lned, not only to work, but to work [1 and with judgment aud care. ? ey will all soon be goue, and there 1 remain as field hands only the oing generations of blacks. $o far as my observation has extend- 1 in travel* over half a dozen of the 1 slave States, it has shown me clear- '< hat there is no hope of ever mak- i reliable field hands out of the, pres- j ; generation of young negroes. ] ose who seem to have any ambition i succeed in life get a little smatter- i ;?as it is called?of "education," i i this leads them to believe that :re are other ways of making money the world besides working hard for They look with scorn and connpt on the plow and the hoe and the opping ax?and especially the ax. cannot recall the day or the time ten I have seen a negro under forty irs of age hunting work with an ax. 1 the chopping that is done about 8 town and other towns where I ve visited recently is done almost tarely, so_I am advised, by old nodes. The young fellows will carry tes for schoolboys and get a mckle so, and then they lie around the mes of their mothers and smoke eighties and play cards, while the mothis wearing herself out at the wash b in efforts to support the gangs that e.off of her earnings. The country farms are being desert[ at a fearful rate by the negroes, iarly all of them wanting to get close OA*- Aon't tne towns, jluc ^uuugci Ot/K v<?u V I ) induced to take hold of any regular ork, They prowl around and live ter a fashion off the crumbs from >mebody's table until they are caught j i some crime, and then away they go the penitentiary or chain-gang. The atistics show that the great majority I our criminals now in Southern penentiaries are negro boys from fifteen > thirty. The brutes that have been rnched were nearly all young villains ithout trade or profession or regular mployment. Very few young negroes re trying to learn any trade. Weiave no hope of securing foreigu iSorers that are desirable. It has long been the i?olicy of the ominant party in the North to keep II the best class of the foreigners that ;ome to our shores away from the Southern States. The minds of the mmigrants are filled with the horrible nctures ol Southern barbarism, and the lew-comers are^hurried away to some Western country, where they can be sasily converted into material that rotes and fights against the South. Some time ago I was looking over the jtatistics of the Federal army?statistics showing the nationalities of the troops. The publication stated that over 700,000 of the Federal soldiers who helped whip the South m the war over secession were of foreign birth? this is actually more men than all the South put into the field in her own de fense. The Southern Confederacy die not have a single brigade of foreig soldiers. Nor are we likely to get any foreig help soon in the matter of labor on ou Southern farms. The tide of worl men hunting agricultural fields doe not turn Southward. What are we t do ? We do not have enough of ou own sons to fill the places in other vc cations?let alone putting them int the fields of agriculture. 1 hove raise five sons. They have had no troubl in getting good positions as soon a their education was finished. Not odi showed any inclination to remain 01 ' the farm when the outlook for makin< a living there presented so few induce ments. Wherever I go I find th< young white men drifting away fron the farms. The sons of farmers ar< getting college educations, find read) employment in the various new depart ments that modern science is creating in industrial life, and where the in. come has less of doubt and uncertainty about it than the farm offers. Our editors plead in vain for the vouths to stick to the nlow. when the youths easily find pleasanter "jobs" elsewhere. Usually, I am not a pessimist. I try to see the brightest side that every event has. But the more I study this question of help on the farm the less light I find about it. There is no use in trying to change the course of the young negro. You can no more change his mind and his habit than you can change the skin of the average Africaq. The negro himself is not altogether to blame for this state of affairs. If it were left to the Southern man and the darkey together, I could see some ray of hope for both. But fools and fanatics of the North?and the corrupt political preachers tEey place in the negro pulpits all over the South? these are responsible for the present condition of affairs. It is a condition which I grieve to confess is fraught with danger to the agricultural interests of the South, to say nothing of the sociai blight that is already becoming an unutterable nuisance. m. v. moore. Auburn, Ala. ROUND VS. SQUARE BALES. Editor Home and Farm: 1 have been reading a book published by the Standard Bale and Compress Compahy of Louisiana, Arkansas rind rennessee, and other reading matter sent out by Mr. C. C. Hanson, of Sarmnnnvi co tku vuwv qnr? f anugil j ua? AUV vwa uuu vuvmmmw I Eire for the purpose of showing the bad features of the round bale and the 500d ones of the square bale. I was wxious to know why Mr. Hanson was 30 much interested in the farmer, for they claim it is for his benefit, and I find that he has all the compresses of the Central Railroad Company over this section leased. Mr. Hanson's in* terest is for self. Round bales are ;ompressed at the gin, hence his objection to them. Now, the only remedy for all dependent upon the cotton inluBtry, say the square bale people, is to change all press boxes to 24x54 size. Lt will lower freight on land and water, dso insurance, and even the buyer lays he will pay 50 cents per bale more for cotton in the standard size. The 24x54 bale wijl still be square, and landled the same old way. I understand that the sample must be taken )ut before cotton is baled at the gin, mder the round bale system, for it is jompressed there and cannot be sampled afterward. What a deadener on cotton buyers and railroad compress uen and warehouses, say the square i bale folks. It is a curious fact that all j the documentary evidence, such as circulars, newspaper articles, etc., in faro? of the, round bale has emanated loom parties interested in, or holders of shares in the company. Well, it is equally curious that the evidence against the round bale is from compress men, cotton exchanges and cotton buyers. - The shape of the bale, unless it raises the price, cuts no figure with the farmer. Farmers have been "horn-snoggled" by cotton middlemen so long that they will try anything if that class opposes it. They have run over them with over production, although nakedness staring them in the face. Now they say change,till presses to 24x54, and we will give you 50 cents more per bale than for same cotton in irregular bales. This 50 cent offer is to offset the round bale people, who say they will give 45 points more for cotton m round bales than their limit for same cotton iti square bales. Now i( is a fact and has been for many years,Liverpool fixes the price', and it is based ou the condition of the cotton when it reaches them. They have years ago found out how much to deduct for short weight, caused by so ?'""V. oomnlinnr ftnrl \fr " Vflrmpr. vnil lliUbU oaui|;uug) ??. ? j j don't get one cent for ycur bagging (you are told to believe you are making a profit on it), for they buy net cotton. It should be known that all of the costs of handling .and transporting cot ton comes out of the pocket of the farmer. The round bale stops one evil, if not more?taking samples by everyone who handles it. It is covered with cotton goods (that's an item] and it lands in the market without i break from sampling. The opponent of the round bale say it is a trustthat Inman & Co. are the only buyer! of the round bale (they can buy if the^ want it) and will control the market What if they do? Better be con trolled at home than from Liverpool They cry aloud that It is a great mc nopoly, they rent their presses. Bet ter for the ginner. If the system doe not suit his customers he is-not th loser. Suppose a company should oi fer gins or saw mills on those terms ? .nimrl Holo rtnps nwftV with 8 AUC 1VUUU MUIW many middlemen and overthrows coi ton gambling, for a while at least, think it will be a good plan to pat u about one-third of the crop in roun bales, as it will get up competition b< tween the non-producers, and there where we want it. They claim thei is no market for the round bale. Ii man & Co. only, they say, will buy i t Yes, the factories will do the same: they must have cotton. The farmer i asked to put on heavier bagging, n giving enough bagging now, althou< . making the cotton at a loss, more < i less, according to the part of the cc - ton belt in which he is living. I I think the showing below will abo n give the next crop. Say we make as . large a crop per acre. Say crop of last n year (11,000,000 bales), less 1,000,000 it decrease in acreage, 1,000,000 decrease t- in fertilizing, and 1,000,000 put up in is round bales, leaving 8,000,000 square o bales. I lake out the 1,000,000 round iT bales, as it is out of the hands of the h regular trade. It goes direct to mills, 0 and is not held to squabble over by i d cotton exchanges. I notice they are j e very much troubled now to find out 1 s how much of 1898 and 1899 crop is in } e round bales. ' 1 If the farmers will hold back their ^ r cotton anti put it on the market by do- ( - screes the market will continue to ad3 vanee. Tlie mills will soon be out of r 1 cotton, and they must get their supply e i from the new crop, as the cotton re- J r mainmg from the last year's crop is a J low grade. Judging from prices of ?] \ cotton goods, cotton should bring 8 0 . cents today. The mills are getting 10 a r cents for cotton rope, and it is made t from the very lowest grade of cotton. i I hope the ginnere will use the round n i bale system, get up some competition, i* change the manner of handling, and thus stop the gambling to some extent, 0 and erive the farmer a fair profit. That 8j is all he asks. A. I. Seymoub. tl Columbus, Oa. f( A FLORIDA FARMER'S NOTES ON el OTTTTCAT fTROWTNft. ' Pi '' hi ? tl Correspondence Progressive Farmer. b; It is generally supposed that wheat Jj growing in the extreme"~South is un- ^ profitable, hut if properly managed, it h, can be made one of the most successful p< crops on the Southern farm. Oats, rye, and barley are apt to get very in severely damaged, if not entirely killed, Y* if an extreme frost should occur, such 1 as we had last February. But wheat is frost proof and after the severe bliz- ci zard of the loth of February last, my fr wheat crop was the only green tiling on sn the farm for a few weeks. It came m through that severe weather in perfect in condition and henceforth it shall have Wl a place among the winter crops of (he . farm every year. Any one who has j once grown it will continue doing so. Like corn, it is one of those crops that on no farmer can afford to be without. On ye the sandy soils of the South it is often or affirmed that wheat cannot be grown cf that will fill out plump and hard in the grain like.the Northern-grown article. jV But if the proper grade of fertilizer is used it call- be quite as successfully 0f grown on the sandy soil of the South da as anywhere elfee. There are cortain varieties that smt our climate best, and mi and if these are adopted and th&fertili- mi zation of the crop along the proper 18 lines, success is sure to reward the efforts of any one who will give this at crop a fair trial. The farmer who contemplates growing wheat should plan Iai well ahead and when he is planting his fa spring crop arrange to prepare for the tb fall planting of wheat, by sowing either cow peas or velvet beans on that .lu land. My preference would be the f?1 velvet bean, as it is a better nitrogen ( gatherer than the cow pea, but when th it comes to plowing under the crop, the be cow pea is the easiest managed. But so if the velvet bean is moved and allowed tei to lie on the land where cut, it will be 8il easily plowed under then. The land ob for wheat shouldj be put "in the best jjj possible condition by repeated workings of the cultivator and harrow until it is as fine and friable as an ash heap, tic At the last working of the cultivator un the fertilizer should be applied broad fin cast and as evenly distributed on the or entire area as possible. This fertilizer or should be a complete plant food for wheat; it should analyze 8 per cent of in phosphoric acid 8 per cent of potash, ti, and 3 per cent ot nitrogen. About 600 co pounds per acre on ordinary sandy soil th will be quite ample. But should the ye soil be in a good physical condition and ca well filled with humus, a couple of J? hundred pounds more would be a gv >d Jjj investment. After the fertilizer is an- ac plied, the cultivator should be runUs pjc evenly as possible over the ground so "** '?? ?? on??ll oltolUor fnrrftwa For rlf BO W leave omnii Duuuvn the seed to fall ip. In the absence of a w wheat drill one has to seed by hand as d? evenly as possible. A bushel and a ei half (o the acre is a good average seed- ^ W " > - ah After sowing rpn a harrow the cross p, way of the cultivator marks. This will th cover it even and cause it to epront m uniformiy. A roller should be run If over the land immediately after, or in b< the absence of a roller, a heavy drag, " to prevent water standing in pools and 9j e voniually cause washingduring a heavy rain. Some wheat growers apply salt A] to the crop, claiming it will produce a 0I bright colored straw, where such straw c< is wanted for any special purpose. Salt s< may be an important addition, but by using kainit as the source of potash in the fertilizer, the same end may be at- J tained. Early in March a top dressing n of nitrate of soda is recommended, ap- 0 | plied immediately before or during a 0 rain. Never apply nitrate of soda to a ' dry soil in dry weather. | Spring wheat is not a success in the r South, as hut weather is on before it is ready for ripening and spring planting ? " is always ripened prematurely. d i The best time to sow wheat in tills ? j latitude is between the 151 h of October t and the 15th of November. When sow- t 3 ed then it is ready for harvesting from 1 the middle to the end of May. The t best variety for use here is Red Turkish; 8 'm it is a bearded wheat not very heavy in j straw but has plump round grains and I fills up very well, and can stand a rea- , _ sonable amount of dry weather, such , 8 as we get in May and early June. I < e can see no reason whatever why every i farmer in the South should not be as * much interested in a wheat crop as in 0 a corn crop, for the one is certainly as J profitable as the other, and it will be so t j in a tew years, that wiieat on the South- 1 p era farm will be deemed as important 1 d as corn. C. K. McQtjarrie. 3_ De Funiak Springs, Fla. is ^ , ? In Switzerland a milkmaid gets better J" wages if gifted with a good voice, because it has been discovered that a cow . will yield one-fifth more milk if soothed during milking by the strains of melody. rb The honor of carying off a prize at pr the State Fair far outweighs its intrinsic value. Liberal railroad rates to the great ut State Fair will be made fair week. A GREAT SHOWER OF STARS. THE EXPECTED METEORIC DISPLAY. The Heavens Will be Aglow With Thousands of Meteors?The Fragments of a Great Comet. On the night of November 14 one of -he grandest spectacles ever offered 3y the heavens will be witnessed here n the form of a grt at fall of Meteo"ites. They are known as Leonids and heir dazzling performance, which oc:urs only once in every thirty-three rears, will be plainly visible in South Carolina. In this wonderful display the meteo-. ites will touch the atmosphere of the arth and become ignited by the apidity of tteir flight. Millions of hem will fAll and they will appear as azzling globes of multi-colored flame. ?he fact that they ignite and dissolve n contact with the atmosphere is .11 that RAvpfl the earth from dastruc ion. Scientists all over the world are laking elaborate preparations for obbrving the appearance of the Leonids. 1 'his century has been the first that ' stronomers have discovered the cause f the great November meteoric ; bower. It was Tempel who found j bat the Leonids are fragments of a )rmer comet. Reckoned by the figures of the heavas the Leonids are but infants. Acbrding to Prof. Simon Newcomb, Ternel's comet has been dead only thirtyiree hundred years. The cause of J le explosion was the heat generated j y the rate at which the comet re- J >lved as it tore through space. The ght, as the great fiery body burst 1 ito a million molten fragments, must ' ave been grand and awful beyond the 8 >wers of human comprehension. . But for the fragments of the burnig body there could be no rest. The J .eible but relentless forces which ew the larger body through countless c ?es aiong a certain path were at work J so among the shattered flying parti* \ 68. They fell into line. The largest e agments forged tp the front and the sailer particles Tell in behind for a illion miles and more. The unendg journey, interrupted for a while, a hb talrpn linapain aloncr the old oath. The course of TempePs comet, and 8 Its subsequent fragments, complete- n encircles the orbit of the earth, 8 uching it at one place only on its ? iter edge. Once only in thirty-three 0 iars does Tempers comet complete its B[ bit, and once only do the fragments 8 the dead comet, myriads in number, fj ail across the orbit of the earth. ' hen this does happen, however, mil- E >ns of these particles are drawn from r~ e orbit and fail Into the atmosphere n the earth with _ an effect which 8< izzles the spectators. . The single meteor or meteorite that 81 akes when it strikes the earthy at- ? Dsphere the so-called shooting star j* a mere tramp of the heavens. It is 11 letached fragment of some shatter. planet, and it wanders more or less random through space until it comes thin the circle of attraction of some & rger body, when gravitv causes it to 11. In the course of its descent rough the atmosphere the meteorite inerates so much heat that.it is en ely consumed; the meteor, being ^ rger, continues on and strikes the h rth. oJ Occasionally tfie heat generated by A e meteor is so great that, it bursts 8i fore coming in contact with any b lid snbetsrce. In such a case it is n< rmed a fire-ball. v But ^neither the igie meteorite nor the meteor can be d served by the telescope *or by the ked^ye except at the brilliant mo- 01 ant of its death. ~~ a But the comet is a creature of the w lea more to be reckoned with. Erra- ? - 11 ; as its wanderings may seem to tue -ilearned, in reality it pursues a de- a lite course among the more regular w bits of the stars. - The length*of the 01 bit which it travels varies from the ?l mparatively small distance of a few e; mdred millions to one that reaches " to the thousands of billions. The ? ne which different comets take in 84 mpleting their orbits varies from ree and a half to a hundred thousand * iars. The pneciseness of astronomi>1 knowledge is such that the exact " ite per second of the movement of ? icse bodies can be determined and xj .e time at which thej will arrive at r ty given point of their orbits can be J edicted to the second. * Regarding theapproachingmeteoric c splay Prof. William A. Harkness, ho is in charge of the astronomical x apartment of the United States gov* 1 nment naval observatory, said : J " We are unable to predict the exact b aur jftt which the November meteoric 0 towers will begin. From the best 6 resent estimates it may be expected f tat the showers will reach a maxi* 1 um at 1 a. m. on the ^norning of the c ith of November. They will probably c 3gin three or four hours earlier than tis to fall in small bursts. They will 1 intinue throughout the morning of I le 15th of November and will be more 1 r Itss observable during the evenings s ad mornings of the 15th, 16th and 17th j f November, although on each sue- j seding day the number of meteors ob* 1 jrvable will diminish. "These meteors and meteorites vary 1 i weight from 8 few grains to many j ounds. They strike the earth's at- 1 losphere at a height of seventy-four j llles and begin to burn, being entirely j onsumed when they are at a height 1 f fifty miles. "The phenomenon of a great meeorio shower is generally a perfectly < oiseless one. When the streak is first ormed it is narrow amf* perfectly traight, but soon becomes serpentine ,nd assumes an irregular figure as it Irifts along under the influence of the rind currents in the upper region of he atmosphere. These streaks or rails are of various colors, owing party to the composition of their elemenary substances and partly to their kltitude. Some are of a delicate greenish hue, while others light up ,he skies with a ruddy glow. Streaks )f orange, red and white, with bluish vhite, commingle to form a most renark&ble and beautiful spectacle. Occasionally an orange colored meteor nay be observed, leaving in its wake a itreak of green. - *' "Many vaiuacue ream us mu Mv ioubt be gained from this year's observations. This will be first time in their history that the Leonids will be the centre of a systematic observation throughout the world." If it were not for our elastic atmosphere it would be dangerous to be on earth during the coming bombardment. Pieces of iron as large as a walnut, moving at the rate of from eighteen to forty miles a second would go through the roofs of our houses with little retardation and would set everything combustible on fire. But only the larger ones and they are extremely rare, ever reach the surface of the earth. There are but two instances recorded in history of men having been killed by meteoric stones?one in Italy in the 13th century, and one in our country tn the early part of the pres* | ent century. Our air is not only indispensable for respiration, but it protects us from being stoned to death by the cosmic gravel. According to Dr. Denning, the most brilliant display in our annals was the November meteoric shower of 1833. In Boston alone it is estimated that 240,000 meteors were visible during the seven hours' duration of the shower, and he says: "The words 'prodigious,' 'stupendous,' and 'magnificent,' do not describe it. Compared with the splendor of this celestial exhibition, the most brilliant rockets and fireworks of ; art bore less relation than the mos tiny star to the dread glare of the 1 sun. " Stars " fell until there was none . left. ' " A South Carolina planter, writing of this meteoric display and its effect 1 ipoa the negroes on his plantation ' says : " I was suddenly awakened by the most distressing cries that ever ! fell on mv ears. Shrieks of horror and cries of mercy I could hear from J most of the negroes of three planta- 1 tions, amounting in all to 600 or 800. u While earnestly listening for the ' cause, I heard a faint voice near the * door calling my name. I arose and taking my sword, stood at the door. I A.t this moment I heard the same J roice beseeching me to rise and say- * tng, " Oh, my Gtod ! The world is on {j ire I" J "I then opened the door, and it is T difficult to say which excited me the 1 most?distressed cries of the negroes. 8 Jpward of a hundred lay prostrate on ? ihe ground?so me speechless, but with 11 lands upraised, imploring God to save the world and them. The scene was 6< ruiy awful; for never did rain fall nuch thicker than did the meteors to- 81 rard the earth, east, west, north and , outh it was the same. 11 " It may be safely said," continues 8! )r. Denning, " that in the month of a: November all astronomers and a great ? aajority of the general public will be- ? ome meteoric observers, for the phe- 1( tomena presented will be of an excep- Jj ional kind and of a character to inter- u at everyone. ai 1' There is scarcely any natural event * rhich to the observant eye is so bril- 8 lant and 30 impressive and animated s a rich shower of meteors. , " A solar total eclipse, with its weird iS badow bands, corona and red promiences, a large comet with its train pread over a considerable extent of " be heavens, and a brilliant aurora f1! orealis with its streams and conden- lr. itions of crimson lights, have their , triking attributes; but it is question- 113 ble whether they can compare with le remarkable features which accom- 80 any a great fall of shooting stars. 01 'he rarity of the spectacle also en- n( ances its interest, so that when once 3en it is never forgotten. "For hours meteors descend, net rj ingly or in pairs, but in bursts of ten u r twenty or more, and they are mostly * ne objects like' Sirius or stars of the n' ret magnitude." rl HEROES Of THE TRANSVAAL. ?< "Of even Brave Soldiers Gave Their ^ Lives That Their Comrades Might Escape. wi The story on the < fires of the re- w larkable matyrdom of seven brave 86 Oer soldiers is winni ag the attention *r I the civilized world today, says the w .ugusta Hera.d, and has caused to JJI aring up anew in many an American 01 reast the hope that the Boers may ot be wiped out as a nation by the {J* per whelming force that is crushing own upon them. er At the Eiandsgaate battle a command f Boers were caught on the rocks by large force of British. The British ere advancing slowly. Should they 10 arner the command ali would be kken prisoners who did not fall in the 71 ttemnt of a hundred men to Over helm a thousand. There was hat as chance of escape?through an ?J pen space, an.d, while the men were sposed to an open fire in passing w irough this opening, the British sold mow them down. It was aeces- M to resort to strategy. Suddenly the British were amazed J? > see eight Boer infantrymen make a y Drfcie on the space between the fight- d< lg lines. Standing erect they com- tT_ lenced a deadly fire into the British of mes. In a moment every British J* Ifle was turned upon them. They re- *r urned the fire as best they could. w 'inally seven of them fell in death, w ut to pieces by English rifle balls. ?J But a shout was heard to ring oat. oi .'he British advanced in its direction. t came from the beleaguered Boers n the rocks. When the British fire J* iad been sent after the eight patriot- ' uartyrs, the Boer command had clear- A d the space and had escaped. These " light men had gone out to give their t< ives that their comrades might es- ? ape. They knew they were going to b ertain death. {* This act was grander than Hobson's t> rhich Americans have lauded and ap- n )lauded; greater than that at Ther- J ?Annloa isKliih a. arnrld haft tflld of in b uwyj idW{ rw uavu ? ?t w* _ iong and story. Such devotion to a ? sauae, such martyrdom, such self-sacri- ? ice, wins admiration for and devotees :or any cause. n An English general withdrew from >he continental war when he found an " American general subsisting solely on J3 sweet potatoes. If that spirit lives 31 low in Her Majesty's army, there will, & in consequence of this martyrdom, be i retirements from the Transvaal. t How Curiosity Was Satisfied.? j There is a handsome young woman in a Washington who had the misfortune \ to fall downstairs a few years ago, so t badly fracturing one of her knees tnat i the limb had to be amputed. The young woman, who walks with the aid t of crutches, is not in the least sensitive , about the matter. ^ One afternoon recently she got on an ( F street car, bound for the hill, and c found herself in the same seat with a , sharp eyed woman who seemed to take ( a whole lot of interest in her and her . crutches. She scrutinized the young J woman's face carefully for a couple of , minutes, then turned her attention to j the workmanship of the crutches, . - - - * *-*- - "i?< ? ' WtllCtl sue COOK cue ilutJryy IHJ UOUU19 I | curiously. Then she looked the young woman over again, and leaned over to her. " Do yoa mind telling me how J you lost your leg ?" she asked, raspily. , "Not in the least," responded the young woman, amiably, " I lost it in the battle of Gettysburg." ?The occurrence of French names like Joubert among the Boers is explained by the fact that many Huguenots went to the Cape of Good Hope while it was still a Dutch colony, and there became prosperous and prominent. The descendants of many of these Huguenots may be found in the Transvaal today, and are quite as Dutch in their ways as the other Boers. ?Claflin University, of Orangeburg, will send an exhibit to the Paris Exposition. . I V SLOW PROGRESS IN LTJ30N. AN INTERESTING SUMMARY. The Territory Controlled by the Americans?A Republican Paper Throws Light on the Situation. The Chicago Tribune prints a summary of the situation in the Philippine islands from its special correspondent Richard H. Little. The letter, which is dated Manila, September 14, says: " Here are some figures, made seven months and a half after our campaign against the Filipinos began. Say it is, five miles to Angeles?we hold possession of the railroad up to that point. We can fairly claim possession of the land a half mile on each side of the brack. We have possession of the wa?on road, and let us say, a half mile 3n each side from San Fernando through Bacoloor to Santa Rita, eight miles, with four miles to Guagua. We tiave a road from Mololos to Ballanag, II fl 4.1- 1YT _ ? ? -1 ? t 14 li muesnortueasb. we van cuum 11 quare miles here. " We have Manila, out as far as the vater works, five miles away* That jives us, say, 25 miles around the city. " Then we have the road and a half nile each side down 18 miles to Imus. rhen we have Calamba and some other Mints on the lake that General Lawton laptured before he was ordered back. Phese towns are not approached by oad, but by boat across the Lag una de Say, and we only control the land they tand on. " Adding up our total possessions we iad we have 117 square miles. " The island of Luzon contains 42,000 quare miles. "Outside of Luzon the insurrection < asms to be growing. The insurgents j old ports in Mindanao^ the largest is- J ind to Luzon in the Philippines, and 1 lid to be incalculably rich in gold and 1 liver mines, iron and copper ores, and | ther minerals, besides possessing won- J erful forests of hardwood. No Amer- i ;an8 have dared venture there as yet, 3 General Otis has sent no troops to < le island. Englishmen and Germans, < re prowling about the island getting < 11 the concessions they can. It is said c >veral prospectin&p&rties are at work, t "General Otis reports conflicts be- t reen the 'robberbands'jrnd Amer- i lan soldiers in negroe ana Vreoaa. me r ineteenth, the Eighteenth and the i Lxth, and one battalion of the Twenty- a lird infantry are how in these faianfla d ?hting the. robber band, who dig i enchea and occupy towns and make t ght attacks after the fashion of the " surgents in Luzon. p M A late report from Ceboa is that >me 2,000 * robbers' were menacing t ir forces and a collision was immf- I mt. u " The next campaign is going to be p fferent from the last. We will get p it of the flat, open country into moun- a dnous, thickly wooded country* If X e do not end the 'far here we will tve to carry it into the high, rooky- b bbed mountains of Luzon. a " It will be no violation of a state se- I et to Bay that the first object of the it jxt campaign will be to get the rest a the railroad from the hands of the il surgents. The insurgents ought to 11 > firmly convinced by this time that a s want the Manila and Dagupan rail- ti ad, as we have fought along that line en mouths. They know we want it, tl id they,aUo know that we are going ei get it, for they are already tearing li ) the track, burning the ties, and d trying the rails north of Angeles. a " The country east of the railroad H rrth of Angeles to Dagupan, is much pi wit is south of Manila, except &gb- g and broken. West of "the railroad si e mgh mountains that will offer the B surgents better opportunity to re- ci eat and escape than they had in the ai w country. With the taking of the h ilroad we/will have ont off the pro- g] nces at Zambales, Paggasinan, Tarlac h idPampanga, and Bataarr, from the V ain part of thai island, and can lay tl aim to a good deal more country than d ??/??? n# M>*1 An I. LB preuigo wuuuiii vt lea* vanaiv wu u hich our army is now camping. 11 From the railroad Aguinaido's w my can hardly retreat anywhere but w >th ward'across the mountains to the' rj rtile valley of the Rio Grande de p Etguary. The walled city cannot un- ^ iratand why the army has so much ft oublewith the railroad. When the u ficera in the field notify the walled e ty that the rails have been torn up- p om the section of track just captured jj id that the ties have been burned n id the grade destroyed they get an n der to 1 fix it.' So after a few miles n ! railroad is captured the soldiers r ave to scatter up and down the track r id go mining for steel rails. The 0 isurgents bury the rails five or six B >et deep. They observed that the mericans located the rails by sound- f i g with a crow oar, so they resorted [ > the expedient of putting a layer of [ es over the rails. To replace the r tirned ties the quartermasters depart- J tent were forced to use planks, two f oards, each two inches wide being e ailed together, for ties. The siderack, wherever possible all the way ack to Manila, was jerked up, carried orth and put down where the rails ould be found. M The American army is badly in 1 eed of railroad ties and steel rails. * " Another great need of the army is j [ght draft steamboats for use on the ? lany rivers and lakes of Luzon. There 1 i hardly a place in the world where an J rmy could use river steamers to 1 reater advantage. The Bio Grande, ' he Chico, the Rio Grande Pampanga, 1 -? - T-?? _ _l j iv. D..U all J be Agno, me jdicoi tutu ui? *. m* loir through fertile and densely popu- ' a ted valleys and offer a means to the 1 j*my of bringing up supplies and swifty transporting large bodies of soldiers 1 hat would be invaluable were it utilzed. V From what can be learnpd from he insurgents they are well satisfied rith the present condition of affairs. Their congress has just returned a communication to the American peace commission declaring that, while they irould have accepted autonomy from >ur government if they had been properly dealt with at first they will qow consider no proposition except independence. Withialmoet 42,000 miles of territory from which to draw supplies tnd with boats coming in without any opposition from Hong Kong, Japan and from Central and South America and Australia, the insurgents probably are doing well as far as supplies are concerned." ? The British troops that are being dispatched to the Transvaal have to travel almost as far as the American .i?t ???* */? Phlllnnlnefl. troops tlist arc sou? ?v auv & a>M.rr It is aboat six thousand miles from Southampton to Cape Town, and the scene of operations is from three hundred to one thousand miles inland from that point. ?Two-thirds of the quinine consumed is produced in the Island of Java, from cultivated trees, the young plants having been procured by the Dutch government from Peru in 1852. The English government also started cinchona plantations in India, which now produce large quantities of quinine. CARL 8CHURZ ON IMPKRIA Tiling. The Country's Greatest Danger-Mr. McKinley's Foreign Policy the Worst Possible JBviL A number of prominent German citizens recently addressed mi invitation to Hon. Carl Schurz to deliver an address in Cincinnati, and the following reply has been received from him: New Tore Oct 23,1890. jjPa It was a matter of regret to me to be unable to accede to your request to de- :A liver a non-ptfti?n address on im- . v^| perialism in Cincflkati on my return trip from Chicago. This was partly due to my anxiety to reach home and because a non-partisan discussion ?J this question is no longer reoognized. I would be pleased if this questioncould betaken out of party politics, because if this is pot done the only choice that will be left us next year : will oe between a party representing imperialism and sound money and another party which, in opposition to imperialism, will combine with it an unsound money issue. \ ^ This alternative can only be avoided if the imperial polioy is removed and the first step necessary to that end Is not alone the cessation of hostilities by a victory of our arms, butthe relinquishment of the Philippine*. *1 # - J " " * * m miifUnte kn not granted their lasSEBm dependence then imperialism will be MZ the main issue in the Presidential -% election next year, crowding all other . Issues into the background. The signs are already apparent and I see that ' die Cincinnati Volkablatt warns as fol- %. ows: " Practical' people are at ^ >pinion that^Mr. Schurs could be of | *ould come to Oh*o and Again fight he silver swindle instead of .nto" the hands of the free coiners bp ilaoing annexation in the foreground. ; M for it is a fact free coinage represents ^ f am of afferent opinion., No one an say of me that I undeavalue tiigip^ . ange^that may arise from freeooh^ " g hen, we could not oppose imperialism .y-'ljj rithout working into the haodse?ijkj|g ? hat then ? * It means that three^SS - ; ^ ent to solve the money question* who . '"d ostead has burdened us sou In this oonneotion the wanltt Sf *J? ' In an^lr nf anniAtMwar a1?a? mtrnnAm, *88 erheade ?n answer to ourImport* ^ ae^orators^do llkew^^^_ ^ ''|| d the Republicans of Ohio to^vicUHry, }|l tration would construe such a vtetof^ft -y^g i the endorsement by the people of ; -4 w grates le Phifippin.es and in this manner the '' would have been greatly mlnr r^j v ? ere then Wary ogii^^^iree ;.|| doe would have been well worth therice. The situation this year appj^^B > me to be eraetlytha tease. ^ ill elections result in a manner tltt* ^ xe administration end Congress are ath to imperialism, then, unless ua* wked-for events should intervene JBteC tain question that will oonfrogl ,f*WW$3m^ ext year in the Presidential election ill be. imperialism, and, to .save v.| ^ epublic from her greatest danger will^ \ eqoire unpleasant sacrifices,sabhen* ^ ouragement to the administration ' ' bouid be withheld at any cost. . t We a*ein the midst of a crisis in &g rhioh every good citizen should tegar&'>i t as his highest daty to make the less m portent subservient to the more im- . ortant, according to his kno?ied|^^^^ ^ -nd conscience, and not permit himself b begoverned simplyvby party consid- J0 ^ Teiumph of subaeby.?One of the 'Slpa noet difficult and peculiar surgical ;:>!g j operations ever attempted in 4^ j nore was successfully performed at \j It. Joseph's hospital, when Profeiwr :i?J|H Laouls McLane Tiffany, assisted by Dr. 1 3arey Gamble and other sorgeoBs of v ;ho hospital, removed from the head : ;.i jf Charles C. Barker a steel chisel four } and a half inches long, one"Inch wide md one o garter of an inch thick. The operation lasted only a little over ball an hoar, and there are good chances of the man's recovery. Mr.-Barker was attending a woodworking machine which contains two steel chisels that make 1,200 revolutions a minute. He was leaning over the machine when the chisels were driven oat by the tremendous centrifugal force. He was wounded over the bridge of the nose and the wound, -which was a cut an inch wide, was dressed as any ordinary Cwound. One of the chisels was found, but the other one was not.. A few days later Mr. Barker suffered partial paralysis and was taken to Sk.Josejph's . hospital. There Professor TiffanyCx- ^ amined him and suspected the enipl was in his head. The x-rays were resorted to and showed his surmise to be correct. The sharp tool, hurled with - , the force of a millet, had entered^^^ WUUre kuo WVUUU Hmo wrn ?uv mmttmm and had taken a downward course. ?The Kansas City Journal tnaecribes from the register of the Savoy Hotel in that city the following carlous entries, which followed each other in the order given: " J. fL Pigg, Windsor, Mo.;" "C. B. Hogg, Canton, Oj" and 14 Brown Bacon; Chicago.*' The > Journal adds: u The three gentlemen who attached such strange names in r^ juxtapeeition were not acquainted V with each other, but when the hotel clerk saw the strange signatures the three gentlemen whose names at- / tracted -so much attention were eagerly sought by the curious, and it < was but a short time before Messrs. PJgg^Hogg and Baoon were good -|j