Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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p.: THE SOUTH CAROLINA EXPERIMENT STATION. BY HENRY S. HARTZOG. To the Editor of the Cotton Plant: An agricultural experiment station has been defined as an "institution in which scientific and practical investigations are made with a view to improving the methods of agriculture or introducing new crops or industries." Agriculture is both a science and an art. It is the practical application of many sciences. The experiment station worker, therefore, is a scientist whose primary business is to apply his Bpecial knowledge along original lines for the benefit of agriculture. There are some successful experiment station workers who know very little about practical farming. For Inotnnm, o hnt Q n 1?. fr. IT) AV StudV the 1UOM4UV/^) M ^ ^ causes of rice smut, and may prescribe effective remedies and yet may be a failure as a practical rice planter. But in some lines of experimentation a knowledge of practical farming is absolutely essential for intelligent research. Scientific investigations are tedious and expensive. Work of this kind must be done by trained specialists who have eyes to see, who can record what they nave seen, who can correlate and tabulate their records and draw correct conclusions. They must understand the use of delicate apparatus, and must have proper laboratory facilities. Very few farmers in practical life have the time, or the money, or the training for this work in its higher forms. We cannot depend entirely upon individual enterprise for agricultural experiments. In mechanics it is otherwise. The inventor of a toy secures a patent and makes a fortune. The mechanic has the incentive of quick and enormous profits tor inventive genius. Some farmers, it is true, who develop new varieties of crops get good returns from the sale of seeds, but even this cannot last long for the seeds soon become widely distiibuted. v The farmer who works out new methods helps himself, but gets no royalty from others who adopt and use hie methods. The man who evolves from long experience a successful formula for compost, though millions are benefited, will not make as much money as the inventor of a tin rattle. It may be added too that the statioi worker studies nature in its most elu sive forms, and it requires longer re search and broader scientific knowl edge to find original truths in agncul ture than in mechanics. Becognizing these facts and th< axiom of the ages that agriculture i the basis of all wealth, the Federa Government has established in the va rious States and Territories agricul tural experiment stations. On March 2,1887, the tollowing Act popularly known as the Hatch Act was passed by Congress : Section 1. * * * Thatinorde to aid in acquiring and diffusing amon * - the people of the United States usefu and practical information on subject connected with agriculture, and to pre mote scientific investigation and es periment respecting the principles an applications of agricultural science there shall be established under direc tion of the college or colleges or agr: cultural department of colleges in eac! State or Territory established, orwhic] may hereafter be established, in ac cordance with the provisions of an ac i approved July 2, 1862, entitled "A; Act Donating Public Lands to the Se\ ^owjeral States and Territories which ma ^Provide Colleges for the .Benefit c Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," o any of the supplements to said act, department to be known and desig nated as an "Agricultural Experimen Station." * * * Sec. 2. That it shall be the objec and duty of said experiment station to co&duct original researchs or verif experiments on the physiology c plants and animals; the diseases t which they are severally subject, witJ the remedies for the same ; the chem ical composition of useful plants a theii different stages of growth; th comparative advantages of rotativ cropping as pursued under a varyin, series of crops; the capacity of ne\ plants or trees for acclimation; th analysis of soils and waters; th chemical composition of manures, nat ural or artificial, with experiments ae signed to test their comparative effect on crops of different kinds; the adap tation and valne of grasses and forag plants; the composition and digesti bility of the different kinds of food fo # domestic animals; the scientific an< economic questions mvolved in th< production of butter and cheese ; ant such other researches or experiment bearing directly on the agricultura industry of the United States as ma] in each case be deemed advisable, hav ing due regard to the varying condi tions and needs of the respective State; or Territories. * The first section of this Act require; stations to be under the direction oJ the agricultural colleges. In all th? States except Georgia and Ohio the stations are located on or near the college grounds. In the States of Alabama, Connecticut, New Jersey anc New York more than one station is maintained by the aid of funds from the States. There are some advantages in having the colleges and the stations working together. Specialists are employed who divide their time between teaching college classes, and working in the station. Thus money is saved. The station workers have access to the college laboratories. The agricultural students have a chance to study the experiments in progress. , Each State receives fifteen thousand - ? -< ? dollars anuuany lur luc cApcuujcui station. The expenditures are regulated by the college trustees, but an auditor from Washington examines the accounts once a year to see that the money is expended in conformity Irith the act of Congress. Every item is rigidly scrutinized, and the furds cannot be diverted to other purposes than the legitimate station work. I dwell upon this because some who are not acquainted with the law think that the Hatch fund is used in part m South Carolina to support Clemson College. The law will not permit us to apply any of this fund to college nurooses. X- T?X The last clause of the act "having due regard to the varying conditions and needs of the respective States ana territories" is worthy of special notice, j The South Carolina station is intended | primarily to help the farmers of South : Carolina. In some of the Western States the irrigation engineer is one of the most important officers of the station staff. Our station has no specialist for irrigation because local conditions do not demand one. There are now in the Unite?l States fifty-one stations that receive Federal funds. These stations employ 557 workers. Although these stations have been in operation but twelve years many substantial results have been accomplished. The main work thus far has been the collection and publication of im* j portant scientific data. Scientific de- j ?^??? velopment is necessarily slow. Its foundation rests upon an accurate record of facts. From the immense accumulation of facts made by station workers during the past decade we may reasonably expect the discovery of principles of incalculable value in the near future. The time element should not be forgotten. There are single experiments that cannot be completed in the short space of twelve years. At Rothamsted, England, one wheat experiment has been running fifty years. This siatement is not made by way of apology for the past work of the experiment stations, for they have already discovered many new things of great economic value, and the work is but in its infancy. A short sketch of the South Caro lina station at Clemson College may not be inappropriate. This station began its life at Columbia under the direction of the University of South Carolina in 1887. Sub-stations were established in Darlington and Spartanburg counties. Iu 1S90 the station was transferred to Clemson College. Every change in a station staff breaks into the continuity of the experiments. In this respect the South Carolina station has been peculiarly unfortunate. On account of death and resignations five changes were made in the administration of the station in the short space of nine years. This has somewhat retarded the progress of the slation. Witbin recent years the work has been moving forward smoothly and prosperously. The Staff at present is as follows : Henry S. Kartzog, director ; J. S. Hewman, vice director and agriculturist ; M. B. Hardin, chief chemist; S. Shiver, assistant chemi&t; R. N. Brackett, assistant chemist; G. E. Nesom, veterinarian ; C. C. McDonnell, assistant chemist ; P. H. Rolfs, botanist and bacteriologist; C. M. i Conner, animal husbandry; E. Walker, i jfcjQtomoiogist; u. u. jMewmao, assis, tant horticulturist; B. F. Robertson, > assistant chemist. As the duties of the director are of a financial nature the immediate manr agement of the experiment work is > entrusted to the vice director. South i Carolina is fortunate in having for this k important position a man of such rich and varied experience as Col. Newman. ' Since the establishment of the station the following bulletins bave been t published OLD SERIES. . ]?88?Report of Experiment I'arm, 1888? ** ** - 188b?No. 1, Testa of varieties- of cotton. No. 2, Tests of co j merc.'al seeds. No. 1, Analyses of fertilizers and feed B ing-stuffs. 0 Annual report, . 1889?No. 4, Entomology. 1 No, 5, Oats and wheat. No. 6, Hog cholera. No. 7, Meteorology. t" 1890?No. 8, Chemical statistics of corn cro] in South Carolina. Maize fodder ensilage; cow-pea as a forage crop. Composition of so jar bem vines ' Annual report. NEW SERIES, " 1891?No. 1, Analyses of commercial fertil g izers, Part 1. if No. 2, *Cotton experiments with varit ties and fertilizers. 8 No. 3, Analysescommercial fertilizers K Part 2. No. 4, Fertilizer testa with wheat. > Annual report. d No. 5, Methods of keeping sweet pohi toea 't i:92?No. 6, Analyses of commercial fertil izers. ' No. 7 Experiments with wheat an I- oats, d Annual report. , No. 8, investigation chemical composl u tion cottonseed meaL 1893?No. 9, Experiments with Irish potatoec ' No. It', Notes on \ arieties of beans, t No. 11, Analyses commercial fertilizer* n Part 1. No. J2, Cooperative soil tests of fertil r- izers. tt No. 13, Analyses commercial fertilizer! i Part2. No. 14, Experiments witn corn. ,r Annual report. 1894?No. 15, Fertilizer experiments with corr a No. 16, Experiments w;th tomatoes. r. No. 17, Analyses commercial fertilizers " No. It, Fertilizer experiments with cot it ton. Annual report. 1895?No. 19, Dairying. :t No. SO, Analyses commercial fertilizers s No. 21, Technical. No. 22, Colic in horses and mules, y Annual report, f 1196?No. 3?, Lameness in horses. No. 24, Analyses commercial fertilizers 0 in two parts. h No. 25, ^Distemper in horses and mules No. 26, *Founder in horses and red wate 1- in cattle. 1 No. 27, *Wounds and their treatment. Annual report, e 1897?No. 23, The sweet potato as a starch p producer. No. 29, Analyses commercial fertilizers g No. 80, Determination of starch ia th< c sweet potato. > o. 81, Hog cholera and swine plague. 6 No. 32, Protection and improvement o g worn soils. Annual report. r 1898?No. cS, Tests of dalrj methods and appa w ratus. Comparative tests of butter fat 8 No.fi, Sugar beets. ,. No. 35, Analyses commercial fertilizers No. 86, Diseases of plants, e No. 87, Wheat. _ 1899?No. 38, Asparagus rust in South Caro Una. r No. 39, Suggestions to auxiliary clubs, i No. 40, Farm manures for cotton. No. 41, Bice blast and a new rice smut 5 No. 42, Varieties of cotton. ; No. 41-, Analyses commercial fertilizers No. 44, Corn, 3 No. 45, Analyses of fertilizers. I No. 46, Cotton. ^ No. 47, Chemical study Sea Island cotton Numbers marked with stars are exhausted j The law requires us to issue foui bulletins annually. At present we j have seven thousand and five hundred I names on the mailing list. These bul? letins are sent free to all who ask for > them. m addition to tuo issuiug ui mc . regular bulletins hundreds of letters of I inquiry are written every year to the i various members of the staff asking t for advice upon special lines. These letters receive prompt and courteous . attention, though at times the clerical . work becomes so heavy that it is almost [ burdensome. The various departments of the 1 College and Experiment Station will , furnish, free of charge, advice and m, formation on any topic pertaining to general agriculture, horticulture, botany, entomology, veterinary science, dairying, stock breeding, feeding, etc.; also analyses of fertilizers, marls, clays, waters, and other substances, assays of ores, determinations of rocks and minerals, tests ef bricks, cements, building stones, illuminating oils, calibration of electrical instruments, etc. The departments can not undertake to analyze soils, stomachs or other parts of poisoned animals, nor to make bacteriological examinations. All inquiries and requests should be addressed to the President, giving explicit account of conditions, difflcul-1 ties, etc., as far as possible, and the j ?wofori-oH nrnmnt]v tn I UIQltCi TY ill UV X vivii vu |/# *v the pruper department for further correspondence. Before sending samples of any kind for examination or analysis, it is best to write for instructions, and thus avoid trouble and delay. It will require many years to completely equip our station. The buildings consist of a wooden structure, j containing a library with 1,500 volumes, an office and a working room ; a two story barn for storing products ; a veterinary hospital; a greenhouse and thirty acres of land for horticultural experiments ; good working laboratories for the botanist and the entomologist ; a well equipped chemical department, and forty acres of land, embracing five of river bottom and thirty-; five of upland for agriculture proper. I Lack of space prevents us from { giving even an outiine of the many interesting experiments now in progress in the various divisions. A mere ! synopsis would occupy a column of ' your paper. A list of the experiments i under way will be given in the annual j report to the Governor of the State next year, and bulletins will be published from time to time setting forth results. 1 The South Carolina Experiment Sta- 1 tion is working earnestly, methodically < and intelligently to improve the agri- j 1 cultural interests of the State. The i visiting inspector from Washington . last year in a published interview said : that he saw many evidences of continued growth and improvement. No reasonable man expects the station to work an industrial revolution in a decade. Our station measures up in most respects to the stations in other States. When we reflect that the .Federal firtvpmmPTit has nn7 learned exDeri ment station workers attacking with vigor aud in a systematic and thorough way, the many problems of agriculture ; and when we reflect that ?750,000 is expended annually on this work, we must believe that within a comparatively short time good results of practical utility will be obtained from this gigantic scheme of experimentation that will attract the favorable attention of farmers. Seed Corn Selection.?Many farmers owning both bottom and upland cornfields make the mistake of using the same seed on both kinds of soils. Corn which is adapted to the soil and moisture conditions of the valleys will not do so well on the upland as will some variety that h.is, by several years of cultivation and selection, become , ^apted to the conditions there. It is for the same reason that the large Colorado potatoes that have been grown for years under irrigation will do so poorly when used for seed in Kansas without the accustomed supply of water. It is generally the case on the farm that the frnm all the fialrls. both nnland and bottom, is cribbed together. When j the time for selection comes the largest ears are picked out irrespective of the kind of soil ihat grew them. As the bottom land produces the large ears it is more than likely that the bulk of the seed will be from the lower and moister portions of the farm. This is the proper seed for the lowland, but it is not so well adapted to the dryer and poorer upland as is seed that has been raised 1 there. It is advisable to select the seed either before or at husking time, when not only the quality of the ground but the character of the individual stalk and ear can be taken into consideration. As has been suggested beiore, a small - box attached to the side of the wagon bed into which the desirable ears can be thrown is the most practical device that can be recommended. By a little judicious selection for a series of years ? a strain can be established on the ups land portion of any farm which will be L well adapted to that or any other soils similar to location and composition. An eight incli ear from the upland will or dinarily prove better for planting on _ the upland than a twelve-inch ear from a draw in the lower portions of the farm. What's the Matter With You?? Nearly every one you know or meet - has some eccentricity you could point i out, no doubt. They entertain certain views or have a peculiar way of doing r things that the generality of mankind think nonsensical, and perhaps absurd. We often think of the remark of the ' old Quaker to his wife who said to her: "Everybody is "a little queer, Mary, but thee and me, and sometimes I think thee a little queer also." We see a great many people who are coni. sidered queer because they get into some sort of a groove in farming and r nothing can induce them to try to pull out and adopt up-to-date methods. In passing around through the country ? we still see an occasional farmer who wastes his time trying to save fodder by topping his corn, or in cultivating a t, crop still thinks it absolutely necessary that the bar plow should first be used, r throwing the dirt away from the corn, and aftei ward cultivating up to it. Not a few do their planting and seeding - "in the moon," and no amount of arL gument would ever convince them that B good crops could be grown if started when the "sign" wasn't right. One f of your neighbors doesn't get along as well as he ought because he works without any sort of plan or system. . Another fails for the reason that he is always behind with his work. While others spend too much time at cross road stores or dabble m politics iu which there is no pay. If all the fellows round about you have them short . comings, have you ever stopped to consider that you too may be a "little queer?" It's a good thing to kuow just where our weak places are and . then use some effort to strengthen them as we go along.?Farmers' Guide. , Brimstone Cures Diphtheria. ? i A few years ago, when diptheria was raging in England, a gentleman accom. panied the celebrated Doctor Field on his rounds to witness the so-called i "wonderful cures," which he performJ ed, while the patients of others were dropping on all sides. All he took with him was powder of sulphur and a quill, and with these he cured every case without exception?that is, he put a teaspoonful into a wine-glass of water, and stirred it with his finger instead of a spoon, as sulphur does not readily amalgamate with water, and on the sulphur becoming well mixed he gave it as a gargle, and in ten minutes the patient was out of danger, as brimstone kills every species of fungus in man, beast and plant in a few minutes. Instead of spitting out the gargle, and, in extreme cases, in which he had been called just in the nick of time, when the fungus was too nearly closing to allow the gargling, he blew the sulphur through a quill into the throat, and after the fungus had shrunk to allow it, then the gargling. He never lost a patient from diphtheria. Or if the patient cannot gargle, take a live coal, put it on a shovel and sprinkle a spoonful or two of the brimstone at a time upon it, let the sufferer inhale it, holding the head over it, and the fungus will die.?London Lancet. I What becomes of all the pennies ? A superficial answer might be that we j li ? j.?.I. spenu mem, us in uuiu hc uu, um um you ever stop to consider the enormous quantities of the little copper coins turned out by the Philadelphia, Mint every year? The figures are really appalling in their magnitude. There are at present about 1,000,000,000 cents m circulation, and yet the Mint is compelled to turn out nearly 4,000,000 a month to keep up the supply. It seems as though this most common coin must in some mysterious fashion vanish in thin air, for surely nobody hoards them. The natives of Korea have developed a strong prejudice against the operation of electric cars in their country, owing to the fact that the company allows women to ride in the vehicles This is regarded by the Xofeans as a 1 dangerous step toward v(om en's rights, j M rHE TOBACCO FIELDS OF CON- 4 NECTICUT. [ he Boston Transcript "The most sovereign and precious tierb that ever the earth tendered to the use of man," as Ben Johnson declared tobacco to be, finds a congenial borne in the lovely valley of the Connecticut river, between Springfield Mass., and Hartford, Conn., where the rich, red soil peculiar to the region more nearly approaches the tropical requirements of this agricultural exotic a1 ? L a*. /vf rvovf nf I LI H LI ctLi^ UIJUCI pUitiUU kjl iuis pan ui the country. Tobacco farms of from one to twenty-five acres, producing an average of seventeen hundred pounds to the acre, are scattered along both banks of the Connecticut river in a belt about twenty miles wide, the east side of the river being devoted to the production of what is called the "Connecticut broadleaf tobacco," and the west side to the "Havana seed tobacco," which is raised from seed brought from Havana. The soil devoted to this industry is enriched annually with an immense amount of fertilizing material, as the plants require rich food, and sap the soil tremendously. The tobacco seed is planted in the spring, and after it attains a height of about six inches it is tranplanted into rows like corn. It is a handsome plant, with broad, glossy leaves, shaped like those of the rubber plant, and reaches in maturity to a height of four or five feet. A growing tobacco field is a pretty sight, with its long, even rows of plants with their shining, dark green leaves. The plant usually nas from ten to twenty leaves, its foil growth being reach ed by the middle of August. The leaves I around the base of the plaut are coarse land, fibrous, and are used for filling cigars; the top leaves are also tough and coarse, even more so than the bottom leaves, and are used in the manufacture of "stogies." The center leaves are the choicest, and are used for cigar wrappers, which call for the best quality of tobacco leaves. An immense amount of care and labor and expense is involved in the raisiLg of these crops, as the plants requires constant watching to protect them from encroaching weeds, bugs and various plant ailments that connive against the profits of the tobacco growers. A cunous climate feature of the tobacco belt is the frexuency of severe summer hailstorms, which are a constant menace to the tobacco crop, as the wind and hailstones tear and mutilate the leaves, injuring their saleable value to a great extent. From the middle of August to the middle of September the crop is harvested. The plants are cut off close tc the ground, and huug upside down 011 poles about six feet long. Skeleton wagons, built for the purpose, cart the filled poles which are laid across theii frames to the great tobacco sheds, which are such a common sight throughout this region. Here the tobacco is stored, row upon row, tier upon tier, until the shed is filled, where it is left to dry, or "cure." The denuded roots of the plants Jeft in the ground nnmediatelv start a second growth ol rank little feelers, which are called "suckers," but as yet no use has beer found for this supplementary growtfc of the plant,J as it is too tough and fibrous. The harvested crop remains in the sheds until December, when the leaves are stripped from the stalks and sorted accordingjfto condition, and then packed in bales and shipped to the warehouses, in Windsor and Suffield, where they are stcfred. By the following July the baled tobacco begins whal is called a "sweating" process, when the leaves look as though they were rotting. This continues for three months, when it dries off again and the tobacco is ready for the market. In September the crop of the previous September is ready for the buyers, Each box or bale is sampled and sold individually, as the quality is very variable and can only be determined by testing it. The cheaper grades of this Connecticut tobacco are worth from four to six cents per pound; the better grades, called the "binder" and "wrapper" tobacco, brings from 15 to 40 cents per pound, and some of the choicest are sold as high as 60 cents per pound. This season has been a very profitable one for the Connecticut tobacco growers, the crop yielding between fifty and sixty thousand cases. Each case or bale weighs about 350 pounds. The buyers come from New York and the West in the early fall to negotiate with the growers for their crops, usually doing so after they have been harvested, although when the demand is brisk it is not unusual for competive buyers to make an offer for the field of tobac co as it stands. This is a great risk, however, as it is difficult to determine what the quality of the tobacco will proved until it has been thoroughly "cured." For the last few years there has been a great demand for spotted tobacco, as mo3t of the nice imported tobacco lias that appearance, so the dauntless yankee tobacco growers produce the desired effect on their best crops by spraying the growing leaves with potash, winch eats into them, giving them the requisite spotted appearance. The war with Cuba has advanced the price of Connecticut tobacco somewhat, but not so much as the buyers expected as there was a large amount on hand when the war began. A very considerable feature of this industry is the demand for tobacco stems, after the leaves have been stripped from them, which are used for fertilizing purposes, being shipped to New York in bales by the Hartford boat, which runs between that city and New York, and it is a curious and picturesque sight to see the ! bales of tobacco stems being loaded on1 to the steamer at |Glastonbuiy and Suffieid and other little towns along the Connecticut river by night, as the boat 'does not start from Hartford until 5 in the afternoon, the deck hands being assisted in their work by the glare of tho searchlight from the boat, which lights up the wharf and the banks and the surroundings with a startling brilliancy, enhanced by the pitchy blackness which lies beyond its meteoric flash. The cheap "filler" tobacco is shipped to Pennsylvania, where it is nfoofnra Af ((QtAOTlPQ " U9CU 111 Lilly iliftli uinvtuiu v* the latter being made by families of foreigners, men, women and children, whose labor is thus secured cheaply, making it possible to sell them at a much less price than the better grade of cigars, which are made by experts. Efforts are being made to persuade the Emperor of Japan to visit the Paris Exposition. If he should go it would be the first time in the history of Japan for its ruler to undertake a trip to a foreign country. The most curious paper-weight in ) the world is said to belong to the Prince of Wales. It is the mummied hand of one of the daughters of Pharaoh. Secretary Holloway informs us that j the prospect for a fine exhibit and large j ittendance is very flattering. I THE WAR IS STII/Ir GOING ON. v a: THE LAST EPISTLE OF DANIEL, t] o ' a X Ouzts Reviews His Revelations ! s\ and Asks the Governor to Act on 1 3] Them?He Has a Quanity of Am- ; d munition in Reserve. & To the State Board of Control: 1 c A good hunter never gets out of am- u munition. In time of war it is not v wise to shoot all your bullets, even at 0 an enemy on the run. I do not intend a to give the dispensary conspirators a chance to work the persecution dodge j( ou the public and try and obtain the ( public sympathy, diverting public at- g tention from the serious charges I c nave maae. i nave saia euougn iur i ^ the present and will suspend my"re-'j velations.' I have plenty more am- i ^ munition. In fact, I have not fired my ! a heaviest guns. Tnere is much more I j c can say which would prove as interest | r ing as what I have already said. But | t I have made serious charges against ( the dispensary conspirators and have j furnished proof. It is up to them and ? I can wait on them. If they rem&iD \ silent they plead guilty; if they an- \ swer, I will further prove what I have already charged and put some new burdens on their shoulders. I am j ready for them; first come, first served. Now, let me briefly review what I 1 have said at length, so as to impress the salient features upon the public m nd, for the public can remedy the evils and abuses I have pointed out. 1 have charged that there is a conspiracy to get control of the dispensary as a political and money-making machine. The conspirators are bound together by self-interest. Their plans and purposes can be judged by their performances. They play for high otake- and are not all scrupulous as to their methods. Their only excuse for dismissing me was obtained by doctoring the minutes of the board. That is a small matter for such honorable ; gentlemen. The surreptitious addi tioD ol a lew words to a resolution was nothing to men who would resort to blackmail to manufacture evidetce to suit their purposes. It is but a short stpp from the lies I have convicted two members of the board of telliDg me to perjury. They solemnly promised me a hearing. The other member of this well-assorted trio said he did not know how he would vote on my case until after I bad a hearing, and he too* precious good care not to let me have a hearing. Pshaw, any sensible man who has kept.up with the matter knows that before the board met the majority faction had fully determined to depose Commissions) Douthit and myself by hook or crook. We were not puppets, who would bow down to them ; neither would we turn blind eyes to their questionable proceedings and violations of the law with whose administration they were charged, therefore we must be gotten rid of. I have shown I was guiltless of any , wrong, and that Mr. Douthit was never given any chance to defend himself. I ask the public to contrast our treat! ment with that accorded Webb, Black, Bryant and Young by the majority faci tion. Had we been guilty of any of > the things they were guilty of, how i quickly they would have been used as tne basis of our removal instead of the \ trumped-up charges to which they finally resorted. Webb drinks on the premUes, violat1 ing a special order of the board, pla: carded throughout the building. I Black keeps him company in disret sardine that rule, and gets drunk and i disorderly. Bat they are henchmen [ of tbe majority faction, and rules of i the board do not apply to such. They , are privileged to violate the board's j rules and even to help themselves to. the State's property as 1 have shown 1 Vance and Bryant did. Haselden said ' Bryant was a " G?d d?d thief and , scoundrel" and boas ted that he could . put him in the penitentiary. If he f had any such power over me or Doutht it, would he not have used it ? Why , this leniency to Bryant? Ah, Bryant ' is Robinson's friend and Haselden ' could not anger Robinson to the point ' of not voting with him. But he bagged l both; be made Robinson believe it i necessary for him to vote as Haselden , directed to save Bryant's &calp, and he [ made Bryant believe he could not r escape the yawning gates of the peni. tentlary unless he swore against Douthit and myself and made it "hot as he 1 could " for us. ' I have not only charged Black with ' drunkenness, but I have proved his utter incompetence beyond the shadow of a doubt. He made scores of errors which would have cost the State or the dispensers heavily, had they not been discovered. All of his errors may not have been caught. Had ? made one hundreatn 01 nis errors, what would the majority of the board have done to me ? But Black works in with them, he is one of them, andj so tbey do.not care how incompetent he is nor how much of bis mistakes may rob the State or the dispensers. Black's ouli is shown by the fact that, though Douthit time and again reported him to Miles for drunkenness, Miles did not check his drinking, much less suspend him. The partiality they show tbeir henchmen is further instanced by the way Elmore Young's ignorance and in* competence for the position of receiving clerk are overlooked. But he is Miles's nephew, and therefore privileged to do as he pleases. And when he pleases to worry and annoy men working in the dispensary, throwing water on them and paddling them, they must smile and look pleased at receiving such marks of attention from the nephew of the chairman, otherwise the chairman may do as he did to one who objected to such pleasantries, whom he vilely cursed and whose heart he threatened to cut out. But favoritism to dispensary employees and officers who toady to it is not the whole extent of the majority faction's favoritism. Favoritism in the placing of orders for whiskey has been proven and is subject to a much worse construction than the favoritism to employees and overlooking their in competence and violations of the board's orders. 1 have shown how various whiskey houses succeeded in getting orders by employing local strikers, who knew nothing about the whiskey business but who had a pull with the majority faction. I have . I? LU ? ,.1 1? snown now vaiuaoie iuubd_ puns were by the size of the orders they obtained. I have shown how especially fortunate was each house which got one of Haselden's plentiful supply of cousins as its 1 striker. I have aho shown that when one of Haselden's cousins ceased to re- < present a house, its whiskey seemed to i deteriorate in his judgment, for he 1 ceased advocating orders for it and it ' likewise ceased to get orders. 1 As further evidence of the conspir- i acy, I have cited the action of the ma- 1 jority faction in removing, without 1 giving any reason, Dispensers Lynch 1 and Bookman and the Richland county 1 board of control. It simply further < evidences the determination of the c majority faction to control the dispensary from a to izzard and fill all places & with tbeir partisans, which will enable t them to wield its full power in politics E and also manipulate the sales of liquor o to the advantage of firms represented fc by relatives or henchmen of the ma- d jority faction. P I have shown in the State dispensary h how all corn is not measured with the same half bushel; how ignorance, in- h competence and violations of rules are ti excused in henchmen of the majority tl faction, while Douthit and I are v removed, without a hearing, on tl trumped up charges. Lynch, Book- a man and the Richland board are re p moved without even a charge being V made against them. But Dispenser ei Brown, at Cheraw, was found short in U his accounts. He admitted that he ai bad sold liquor on credit and not col-: si lected for it. I si Selling liquor on credit is a direct it iolation of the dispensary law itself nd not ?i mere rule of the board, but ie chairman of the Chesterfield board f control wrote here that Brown was good fellow and he wanted him reinbated and given time to pay up his hortage, which the board graciously id. Is there a reason for making such difference in the treatment of the wo boards ? If so, what is it 'i In one ase, a dispenser violating the law nder which he holds office, and from rhich he gets his living, and in the ther the dispensers have never been ccused of violating anything. Possibly fellow feeling made the maority faction wondrous kind to the Jhesterfield dispenser, for I have hown thatHaselden bought liquor on redit at the State dispensary, thus iolating the dispensary law himself. t j. j. ji. ? le uisregarus iua uiBpeuoaijr ion auu dolates it, but be had me removed for in alleged infraction of a doubtful rule if the board, which is not of near ao nuch authority as the law creating ,he board. He not only bought on iredit-, but he and Miles bought at the srice to dispensers and not to conjumers, whereby the county and town ost their share of the profit of the transactions. 1 have cited another instance of Qaselden's disregard of the rules of tne board. When Dickson resigned the position of superintendent, it was a montn before hissnccesaor was elected. The board ordered Haselden and Vance to do the work of the superintendent during that time and they even gave h*m extra pay a week after Sryant took charge. He helped pase the order about the superintendent's work, but that did not keep him from violating it. The State lost $30 on his account. No wonder Haselden did not vote tc punish Webb for losing the State $11S by giving a beer dispensary auihoritj to run on after the board had orderec him to close up. I have charged that a former com mUsioner gave away State property a the dispensary, DUt was Dot aiscipunei by the board. I have charged that Haselden roadi bis term as chairman profitable b] charging per diem for days he was con structively at work in Columbia, bu really attending to his business a home,' according to his statement o his plans to the treasurer of Greenvill county I have made various other charge against strikers and ex-officers of th dispensary, but who at present are no charged with its management, whic last 1 particularly wish to attend to. I have attempted to show the peopl of the State what manner of men hav control of the dispensary. I have ei posed their acts, and if those acts hav not been for the best interests of th State, it is not my fault, for some ( them I tried my best to prevent, b< cause I believed them wrong. M efforts were in vain, but that was nc my fault. I am ready to assist tb board or anybody who has the powe to sift out all the wrong doing an have the dirpensary law obeyed an carried out honestly and efficiently an in behalf of the best interests of tfc people, not to the private or politico interests of the honorable majoril faction of the board. This brings the matter squarely u to the attention of Governor M Sweeney, who has a chance to sign; lize his administration by attemptk to purge the board of its unwortl jpembers, the majority faction. T1 statements 1 have made are true; the have not even been contradicted,muc less controverted, and, I think, furnis the governor sufficient ground for request for the resignation of the m* against whom I have made charge If he is not satisfied as to the proi offered, he can obtain more. Qe is ti executive head of the government ar he should see that ail its branches ai clean. If they are not, they should 1 lopped off and the public will susta and endorse the man who thus acts, have now passed the whole matter t to the governor and the people awa his action. D. A. G. Ouzts. HASELDEN RETURNS THE FIR He Aims Directly at Ouzts and A leges He Was an Eavesdropper an Other Things. Mr. J. Dudley Haselden, member i the State board of control, and chai man of the sub-committee of investig; tion, replies as follows to the chargi made by D. A. G. Ouzts, the depose bookkeeper: To the People of South Carolina: I have delayed a reply to the serit of abusive tirades published in ti daily newspapers of the State over tl signature of D. A. G. Ouzts until the concljsion. I have been satisfied thi the people of the State, who may n< know this man Ouzts, at least are su ficently well acquainted with most i the men whom he has been malignin to defer a conclusion as to his stafc ments until a further and a contradi< tory assertion should be made. It h? given me, personally, and the othei whose fate it had been to incur h ' malice, pleasure to know that this coi fidence has not been unfounded. It has been my policy since I hav K?on ft mpmhftr nf fcha hoard of contro and it has been that of my two co leagues, whom the X-clerk of the 5 commissioner designates as the majoi ity faction of tnat body, to give to th details of dispensary management th widest publicity. The dispensary j the people's institution, its manage ment is their business, and they c right are entitled to such informatio as will convince them, and keep thee convinced, that it is honestly and com petently conducted. We do not at tempt to deny that it offers tempt&tioi to the dishonest who may secure plao and position in it, and have long re alized that its best safeguard an< surest protection against the thief ant the rebate-taker is an open board meet iDg and the full glare of the publit eye into its innermost workings. A realization of this fact, and of thi further fact that the best way and th< only way to purify it, rests in thii publicity, prompted the majority o: the board to give the facts elicited ty the recent investigating committee U the public in all their details, insteac of attempting to cover up and to cure the defects laid bare therein within i secret board meeting. Whether the facts developed warranted the suspen sion of Mr. Douthit, the public can determine. I believe that the affidavits published are a sufficient reply to an; suggestion that the removal of the commissioner was due to any factional feeling in the board. Until these affidavits brought to light a condition of affairs which surprised us, Mr. Douthit was in hearty accord and had the unreserved support of a majority of the board of cootrol, and would have :t today but for these facts. I believe that he has been given a consideration ihat he does not deserve, in view of hem, and I am astounded that two of ny colleagues on the board of control ;an strive to keep him in the position if commissioner. Shipping Clerk Black, in calling ome of the facts elicited to our attenion (specific instances of mismanage* cent affecting the efficient discharge f the position he held) was protected iy the board in thus courageously oing his duty, and would have been protected, it matters not upon whom is charges reflected. But, unlike Black, so long as Outzs eld his job, he had nothing to report ) the board, although he knew that iree out of the five had recently oted to retain him in his place, while ie other two acquiesced because it Duldn't be helped, and hence would rotect him ; although, like Josephus /oodrufif, he kept his little note book, ivesdropping the conversation and iking notes of the supposed errors sd supposed dishonesty of Commisoner Vance, to whom he hold the potion of confidential clerk. The facil* y with which dates and incidents are quoted is astonishing, and the fact that o they were taken at all at a time when c Commissioner Vance was befriending b him daily, and on two occasions saved him from dismissal, is equally aston- t ishing to any fairly honest man. But a the contemptible Kansey Sniffles, who u was beguiling himself into Mr. Vance's i confidence, knew, or thought he knew, g how to play his game. He judged fc other men like UDto himself, and z doubtless fondly cherished his little j note book, which was to serve him in i such good stead, to blackmail his posi- g tion back again, whenever he should { be ousted for ieither of his failings, in- l competency or dishonesty. Of these \ iainngs, me iormer 01 course nau iucg j been known to us, and the latter we \ had good reason to suspect, but un- \ fortunately gave him the benefit of the j doubt and retained him as a courtesy < to a member of the board of control i who lived in the county from which he < came, and to preserve if we could har mooy in the board, as we t new his dismissal would enrage two members of the board who were tied to him by some bonds we were unable to comprehend. That blackmail was contemplated by him and relied on, is plainly shown by the threat, which he even went so far as to give to the newspapers, that he would lay bare certain inside history if his suspension were made permanent. It will be noted by the public that he did not "blow oil his mouth," is his own classic language, until the board of control had invited him to it by ' making his suspension permanent?a i very good evidence that the authorities > there did not fear its production, i That they, or any of the gentlemen ) whom he has so maliciously maligned and slandered had no cause to fear his ) revelations will be indisputably shown I to the public in due stason. That the r worst that he knows has not yet been 1 told by him, as he says, it is easy to balk ve, from our knowledge cf him, a id - of the opportunities for stealage which t he has enioved during the six years he ' * 1 - - ? - 3 U t- AUA J t amamaa Nn i nas oeen connejieu witu me uib^ouobi j, but we are equally certain that it will t cot be given to the public?at least by 7 Ouzts. The public is not asked to take - our word even for the statement that t from inve-tigations which ha"e been t made of the so-called charges of this i man, are not only absolutely groundless e but are outrageous lies, with a thin veneering of truth in minor particus lars only suffic.ent to give them pla isie bility. A large majority of these as>t sertiens must have been known to h Ouzts to have been false when he penned them, as the public must conclude o when the facts are given them. Tne e other statements are but twistings of c- transactions gathered by this sneak e from the desks of his fellow clerks e while their backs were turned and in>f formation sifted through a keyhole in 3- which innocent pastime this saintly y ex-clerk has occasionally been found >t engaged. ;e If the members of the board of con'jT trol have really treated this man with j* less consideration than he deserved in J* his dismissal, as he claims, and have at " times been less harsh with the short16 comings of other clerks whom we believe to be conscientious and honest J men?and these shortcomings we are glad to -say are not greater than is lP found among the employees of any c~ mercantile house doing an equal busift" ness?as Ouzts claims that we have done, to this estimate of his character ly (and to this abortive attempted biack16 mail, for we all have names of which we are jealous, and there are seme :fj men in the State who are only toe 11 ready to believe any assertion de. ogaa tory to an officer of the dispensary,] '? and to this rlone must he attribute the 8* fact. That many of the daily papers of tbe ^ r'4 1 Jf ?Vila a Kim! tro an ^ "T UtiVO Ul^UlUCU uio avuoitw wuw ia outrageous attack upon the character re of a number of gentlemen with admis>Q sion to their columns, makes this plain I y statement to the public necessary. Were 1 the people of the State all acquainted l.P personally with the men whom he hae II maligned, and with Ouzts, no reply would be made, and we desire this fact understood. In due time evidence showing the details of all transaction* that have been questioned that merit a reply, will ba give nto the public. l' J. Dudley Haselden. id m , , { STORY OF BOER AND BRITON r- The Record of British Greed and Boei A* - Determination for a Hundred Years. )d Columbia State. " I have but one lamp by which my 38 feet are guided," said Patrick Henry ie on the eve of the American Revoluie tion, " and that is the lamp of experiir ence. I know no way of judging of the it future but by the past" )t So the Boers can say in their Issue f- with England, aad so can they justify jf themselves in their distrust of the g British amity which prompts the disb patch of 80,000 troops to their borders. > Should they, relying upon the just and is benevolent purposes^of Great Britain, '8 have waited until an army more nuts merous, it is boasted, than Wellington i- ever commanded could surround them with its cordon of steel ? That is a e question which is answered by their 1, past, which is illumined by the light of 1- their experience. [- The record will show why the Boers r- do not have confidence in the respect e of Great Britain for their liberties. It ^ i _ i e will show tnat lae present war io out is the culmination of a bloody feud of gens' erations, the product of a century of >f British aggression. Time after time n the Dutch of the Cape settlements have a migrated from their homes, seeking in i- the desert escape from the rule of England, and as often the long arm of Enga lish power has been stretched after s them. To the south and the east and i- the west o! them the British seized 1 lands and hemmed them in, and .ow 1 they are cut off from the north as well r by Cecil Rhodes' new territory of 3 British South Africa. There is no beyond. They are surrounded, and mi3 gration cannot serve again to preserve 3 their cherished independence. The 3 purpose of England made known to f them by long experience and by presr ent menace they have no recourse ex) cept to fight for their liberties if they I wish to maintain them. Though the > chance of success be desperate iris still t a chance, and in waiting there is no > color of hope. The first white settlement in South Africa was made by the Dntch, who i planted a colony at Cape Town in 1652. > In 1664 they were reinforced, as South i Carolina was, by an influx of French Huguenots, exiled by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Nine years later the little colony attempted to throw off the Dutch sovereignly, dui england aent a fleet to coerce It and reestablished the authority of the Prince of Orange. This was done, England, however, retaining control of the country until 1802, when Holland was given j possession. Within four years it was i seized again by Great Britain and has i been a part of the empire ever since. i The Boers, disappointed in their < hopes of independence, were restive 1 under BrUish rule and in 1835, their < disaffection increased by the abolition < of slavery in the Cape Colony, tbey < began to migrate to the northward, j Large numbers sold their farms at a f sacrifice and moved beyond the Orange p river into the Kaffir country. Here c they had long and exhausting conflicts ( with the nat vea, and a part of them I moved eastw rd, crossed the Draken- a berg mounta ns and established the inI dependent republic of Natal,there maintaining themselves against the powerful Zutu cation. But the tlm3 came V when they were almost exhausted in a warfare with the negro hosts, and * England took that time as 8 fit one to V seize Natal and proclaim her sover- G eignty. This was in 1842, and the next a year the Natal Boers migrated again, ti One body went to the Orange Free ic State, by that time established, and the si other proceeded farther north, to the b< present Transvaal. The Boer republic h . f Natal was extinguished and that ountry has since remained in British fcsaW lands. Those Boers who had remained in heir first settlement north of the Or,nge river retained their independence intil 1845, when they came into collls- .1* on with the Griquaa. The British ;ovornor of Cape Colony, Sir Harrys imith, took the side of the negroes, md together they defeated the Boers. British resident was- appointed and . n 1848 the colony was annexed by En-i 3 PSwam DwUiok o/wr. Jianu as WLlw viau^g avmu OVT irelgnty. Pretorius, a Boer leader, ed a revolt and expelled the British, 3ut they returned In force and reestabished the sovereignty of the crown. The Boers were never placated, and the state ol the country was so menacing that in 1852 England deemed it wise to withdraw aod two years later recognized the independence of the 0 ange Free State. In 1852 Pretorius, wao had crossed b yond theVaal where the Transvaal republic was forming, induced England to recognize the virtual independence of the country under the name of the Dutch African republic. Six years afterward ?D6 name was changed to the South African republic. The republic in 1877 was greatly weakened ^ by wars with the natives and England took advantage of its condition to annex it. This high-handed act was bitterly resented by the Boers and in 1880 they revolted and in 1881 they routed the British in several engagements, with the recult that the Gladstone government withdrew its claims and recognized the independence of the republic. A treaty in 1884 removed the only remaining shadow of British suzerainty. Such is the record. It tells for 100 years the sape story of British greed xmi Boer indomitahieness. England began with making conquest of the colony of a foreign country under pretense of restoring it to the motherland. Us people went out into the wilderness to maintain their liberties and Eagland followed them. Whenever these Dutch republics were weakened by wars with the natives Esgland advanced and annexed them, at one time aiding tne negro tribes to conquer the Boers and then swizing the country as its spoil. Tne Boers migrated -while , they could to get out of the way of England. When tbey could no longer migrate they fought. Now the two survivors of the three Dutch republics are at the end of their resources. They see that England has resumed her old policy of making domestic trouble the excuse for annexation. By tradition and inheritance, they feel, the English are their enem- . ies. It is a race conflict as well as a political one. Experience has taught them what to expect. They have their backs to the wail, and they fight. The sympathies of the world should be with them in this final and heroio effort to maintain their liberties. DUTCH WORDS. Here are some of the Dutch words that are oftenest in prLit in connection with the news of the Transvaal, * and their pronunciation andjneanlng: | Bloemfontein (bloom-fon-tine) * i Flower fountain ' j Boer (boo-er) ....Farmer Buitenlander (boy-ten lont-er). .Foreigner \ Burgher (ouhr-ker) Citizen Burregerregt (buhr-ker-rekt) i Citizenship " Burgerwacht (buhr-ker-vokt) Citizen soldiery i Jobkerr (ank-hare) ; . i . Members of tbeVoiks?aad gentlemen Ooom tome)? .Uncle V > Eaad (rahdj .Semite i Raadsbeer (rahds-hare) Senator J 'Riadsfcais(rahdo hays).. .Senatehouse Rand (rahnt) Margin; edge *? i Staat (staht) 9tatc ? Statknnde (Staht-kulin-de).... Politics , i . Staatsraad (stahts-rahd)................ i Council of State ' Stad (atot) ....City rat i Stemmer (stemmer) Voter; elector i Transvaal (trans-fahl) i Circular; valley . Trek (treck). Draught; journey " Trekken (treck-en).. .to draw; to travel * Treekpaard (treck-pahrd) Draught horse . j Uit (oyt) .Out; out of m ' Uitlander (oyit-lont-er) Foreigner *0 , Vaal (fahl) Valley Vaderlandsliefe (fab-ter-lonts-leef-te).. . V Love of one's country; patriotism Veld (feldt) Field; open lands Veldheer (felthare) ^ General Commandant Veldwachter (felt-vock-ter) Rural .guard ^ a /s-11 voixsraaa iiuiKg-rsua;. " Lower house of Oongrese Voorregt (fore-rekt) ..... Franchise; privilege v ?j Vreemdeiing (frame-de-ling^v^r^.V ...../..Stranger \:<3! Witwatersrand (vlt-vot-tersrout) Margin of the white water ' Puzzling Lettebs ?A traveler oa the St, Paul railroad was much pus? zled by the little signposts along thai% ? ^ track having the single letter ^ " W." He asked the porter, who xjflB > plied, 44 Why, sir, dem's whistle afKr ring posts for de engineer." The tea?eler pondered and hebame only the more perplexed. In jfespair he repeated his question to the conductor. "Those signs are for the information of the engineer," replienihe con- - _ ductor. "He is to whistle wring at i certain points as indicated Iry-tiMMe initial letters." " Yes," said the traveler, " so l nnderstood the porter; but I thought he must be mistaken. I knew44 W" stands for wring; but how in the ttamdlfito you spell whistle with an " R ?" ?The St. Louis Globe Democrat -8 says: Twenty carloads of .Ml?pari fl egg8 have been sold to go to Cuba and * are now in cold storage awaiting shipment. A company which shipftod last year 24 carloads of chickens in one lot from Missouri and Illinois to Manofceater, England, is now filling an order for 40 carloads to be sent in one ship--""^ ment to the same destination this fail. The 40 cars will be filled with what are known in the rapidly developing industry as ' broilers' and * roasters? While these sample export orders are being filled Missouri eggs by the ton are being frozen to furnish the Klondike with delicacies. Twice in six A\ years the pioneers in thr poultry and egg buying and shipping business have seen it double in Missouri. Today that industry stands upon a basis and is conducted with an elaboration of methods which the world at Urge little ,appreciates. * ?The term of Seaator John T. Mor- - ^ gan, of Selma, Ala., expiree, on March 4,1901, and as he has represented the /r State for twenty-two years, there is a demand for the selection of a new candidate, especially in view of the faot that Senator Morgan is now 75 years of afire, and would, if re-elected in 1901, be 83 at the close of his term. Former 3overnor and former Congressman ^ ' Dates, who has announced himself as a candidate to succeed Mr. Morgan is 63 rears of age, and served in theOoa*. ederate army as a colonel. He was jg :Jzg> >articfpant in the battles which narked the seige of Richmond in 1884.. lovernor Johnson and Congressman ? lankhead are also candidates for Sen*, tor Morgan's seat. ?At least once a year it is In order ? 1 ?4k/. .J.. *Pka 9 UK WQlftb ocuuiuoa vi iuc piua. auo. > DDual returns s^ow that 280,000,000* -ere made in England last year* Phere are they V It is estimated that rest Britain wastes $1,000,000 anno* lly by losing pins instead of sticking ^ f aem neatly in a cnrhion, or man-fash- " - in in a coat lapel. The Baltimore as? M wer to the old conundrum should again .mSk 3 cited. They fall to the earth and 3come terra pins, Jjfl