Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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DOES EE m m TUSKS KANT PEACE KAMCRAT REFUSES NEW.TERM -FEARS A PROBABLE VAR SHOULD WARN AMERICANS Itrotiter of liondon Amba.<m«dor T'i.mk* Money I render* and Sellem of MnniUons Will I^ead I n to War —Onaacirnce Axainst War for " f* ‘ A nerlranN InmI Armed Sliips ^ln a statement which he asserted that the loan of five huhdred million dollars to the Allies had destroyed the semblance of neutrality of the United States, Representative Rubert N. Fafie, a North Carolina Democrat brother of tbe Ambassador to the Coart bf St. James, has announced that he would retire from public life because he could not follow the for cign policy of the administration. Without opposition within his party In North Carolina, Mr. Page, in an open letter to his constituents, de clines to stand for renomination, fac ing a vote on the armed ship issue, upon which the president insists, Mr. Page says that by this vote he runs the risk of ‘'staining my hands with the blood of my countrymen " Referring to the loan to the Allies, the brother of the American ambas sador to Great Britain says: "Jesus Christ never uttered a more profound truth than when he declared: ‘Where your treasure Is, there will your heart be also.’ “The loan of five hundred million dollara to Kngland hy American rapi- Calieta, to aay nothing of the profits of useallions manufacturer*, lias de stroyed the semblance even of neu trality la the I nlled Htatro, and will probably lead us Into war. I have no pro-tlinaa nor pro-aaythlng sen ti er Inclination other than pro- “1 realise very forcibly my obliga te my immediate roa«tJtueary and to the American people. I will not stallIty the Mood of my country men , neither will I do violmMe to my on—rlratioss roavlrfioaa of duty, thereby furfrStiag my aeAf-eespeet. "And now. while, so far as I am la for mad. I would havu no opposition for re-nouilnation la the approaching primary. I desire to announce I will ~ I a candidal* for tbe aomlBa Other portions of Mr. Page's stale- mat Indirectly rrltlrUed Preeidea^ Wilson for aoklagVmemhsrs of con gress to vote on foreign relations, whkh ha regarded as tbs peculiar province of tbs siscutlvs With the encepU— of tbs paragraphs previous If quoted Mr Page's statement la rail says t—aorrailc Voters of tbs ill Congressional District af North Carolina: "Many patriotic eft I teas of North Carolina are writing and wiring me In aapport the preatdeat la bis dip lomat l« coalruverslsd with Ktiropsea eouatrtea Many last a* patriotic are tailing me to eupfmrt a resolution warning Aawlraa ntliens agniast La h lag paaaage oa armed v sane la of helltgsrer t eoeatrtee The rimstHo- In the pmeldeot all I. ae a— — at eungsswe. am willing that “1 do net iMak that ty other Urge Udly of men ri illy negotlete matters of etth other OoentHen. When the prseldent dsmaoded that con gress paae upon a rseolutloa warnlrg American cl: I seas agaiast taking pas aag* oa ana eg vaaaala of bsllUeroot nations I suggested the following resolution: “ Whereas The constltutlua of the Halted States vests In the president all matters of diplomacy. " ‘Resolved. That the Senate and Honss of ReiireaeaUtlvea. in congress assembled, hereby express confidence In tha president In the exercise of this prerogative for the protection of the lives and liberties of American citizens and the honor and peat> of the republic ’ “The president'ls not eatlsfied with an unreserved expression of confi dence on the part o( congress, but de mands a vote upon the warning of American citizens to refrain ,.„from using armed vessels of belligerent countries, asking that it be voted down. ‘This shifts to tho conscience and niakacale* Announces That He WUI OVERTURES TO RUSSIA DE" -1 ’ FENSE BROKEN BY SLAVS Hupport l*reneut Chief BxemUve. , - - .• • r Gov. Richard I. Manning has an nounced his candidacy for re-elec tion. On being asked if be was go ing to run for re-electlou,’ the j gov ernor said: . - "I will stand for re-election to continue the work I have begun. I tm in the race to the end for clean rov rnment, law and order. I will let the Democrats cf the state hear Irom me more In detail '...ter. The governor has received a great .nany letters In the past few days commending his administration an 1 felling him that he can easily b3 re elected. He announced that he was prepared to wage a vigorous cam paign. John G. Clinkscales of Spartan burg has announced from his home that he would support Gov. Manning tor re-election when asked if he In tended running for governor. Mr. '.'llnkscaies said: am not a can didate for governor. The adminis tration of Gov. Manning has my full indorsement and I am with him In his race for re-election. He stands for education and for law and order, and deserves the support of the loyal Democrats of South Carolina. I shall support him with all my might." The Hon. Robert A. Cooper, of Daurens, announced also that he would be a candidate for governor in he Democratic primary this summer. Mr. Cooper's announcement was made after a conference wl*h friends from many sections of the state, who rad come to Greenwood for the pur- roes of considering hla duty In the coming campaign. Mr. Cooper has , een In Greenwood all the week at- ending court as solicitor for that ircult, and Greenwood Is easily sc- esalble, hence Its selection as a nesting place for his friends. In making the announcement Mr Cooper stated that bts platform mould be given In due time. Thoee lose to Mr. Cooper aay that he makes the announrement now to that Ma position will be known. He haa been urged by men in nil Hons of tbe state for tbe past aii months to offar as a candidate for ..overnor this summer. Although m'Mlng tbe aomlaatloa for governor wo yeen ago by n very cloee mar sin. around two hundred votes. It was not Mr. Cooper'a Intention to hruet himself into tbe political elt- •ation la Mouth Carolina this year He et first declined all eeggeeilons •o (bis effect, bet It le said that the joesta for him to offer as a caadl- tats have become so freqesat end so nsleleat that be feete It a duty to 'laid to tbe judgment of ble frlsads n thla mailer It Is staled that be has never sought pebltr office on aay •blag other than hla owa merit ead <toee eot Intend to deviate from thla rrlaclpie now. REACHES HER ROPES END Oops Poorest In Decades—Food Khortage After Exporting Great thousand men, 117,549 uf whim are .1 known to be British, dead, wounded, Quantities to Germany—Berlin ' and prisoners. Ijcnds no More Money to Aid Strln- tbe Russians in tbe north and east and tbe Hritlnh in the nontb. while tize Russian bombardment ot # the coast towns of the Black Sea. in the- neighborhood of Trehizond, Is be- • ■ army which will presently make liERMANY WILL CONFORM TO way westward along the coast of Ar menia under the protection of the fleet. This army would not have to proceed far by continued successes before Constantinople would loom on tbe horizon as its objective. It is eMtimated that Turkey's cx cursion Into the war has cost her over half a million lives. The Allies lost heaviest at Gallipoii—Six bat tleships and casualties, two hundred RENEWS OLD OFFER UW IF HER ENEMIES DO SO RUMANUNS ARE EAOEt TO , FlfillT THE HUNOARIANS gency. Turkey lias almut readied the end of her rope, and would like to drop out of the great European war. Definite information of the most trustworthy character to the effect I hat the backbone of the Ottoman campaign against the Russians has been broken has reached Washington, coupled with the assertion that developments of a startling character may he ex pected soon in the Near Eastern situation. ASKS FOR INSTRUCTIONS lfa*|Wrete Copy of O llrttiati Inetrwrtt itlal The United Statee government hae naked Greet Britain fur a ropy of I be ronSdeaiial tastradioas to command ere of British merchant vessels which Germany claims pros* that merchantmen armed oeteaalbly for dofeaee have orders to act offensive ly against German sad Austrian sub marines Tbs request Is understood to have been made throagh Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, tbe British ambassador nils la tbe fleet step the l eited Malcw has lakes sJace admiaiatre- Uoa officials hegaa * lady tag the nuiiHrte memorandam la which Germany announced Ita Inlealioa to treat aa wamhlpa armed mrr- rhantmea of the Entente allies. Ita a|>f»■ m 1 ice*, and the *uhM>*|ueat memorandum oa the subject sub mitted by Hie German ambassador. There were strong Intimations that the British government would later be given an opportunity to answer all tbe German charges and to comment upon the twenty Incidents where Ger many claims defensively armed ships have acted offensively toward Teu tonic submarines. ze without his epre- ns maining your representat either." Representat ive-J’age Is ser seventh term In the House sentatives. He is a member oKthe House Committee on Appropriat and has been regarded heretofore convictions of nidtnbers of congress! one of the administration leaders o a responsibility that the constitution j the lower chamber. Imposes upon the. executive. Having | When the armed ship issuer first the responsibility thrust upon me, 1 j became acute in congress nearly two claim the right 'o exercise my own I weeks ago, Mr. Page lined up with judgment and convictions and not ( Representative Kltchin of his own have them dictated by som? one else. s,a,e - The majority leader, and sev- .... . , » • eral oMier North Carolina members I do not helieve hat an American in advocating taking measures to c tizen should insist upon the excr-, warn Americans not to Use the armed else of any abstract right, that will vessels of belligerents. Mr. Pfige and jeopardize the peace of tTns country. Mr Kltchin we re in almost daily con- To vote against a-resolution of warn- f( , rence over a sltua(lon which they Ing places u,M»n me the responsibility-| jointly fe , t mlght eventually lead the for the death of aH^merlcans who. United States lnto war . Mr. Page, however, eventually agreed to the Suppression of the agi tation in the House. Then the presi dent wrote a letter to Acting Chair man Pou of the Rules Committee, who is also a North Carolinian, de manding a rote in congress on the armed ship :ontroversy. Friends of Mr. Page say that he immediately became concerned be cause or conflicting emotions—a de- sfre to stand with his party's titular leader, and his firm belief that no American should be allowed to use a belligerent vessel. His decision to re tire from public life, however, will come as a distinct surprise to his col it is Intimated that Russia has already approached on behalf of the Turks for a separate peace. Over tures In this direction are not ex pected to be accepted hy the Russians r.t this time, not so much because it Is not believed that the Turks are ye*, ready to give Russia what she wants mostly from Turkey—an outlet to the Mediterranean Sea—as because Russia has entered into a compact with the other Entette Allies not to sign a separate peace. But the in formation that Turkey's power for both offense and defense has reached Us limit and is now rapidly on tb> decline is made on Information of a definite and reliable semi-official character that has reacbod Washing ton It is coupled with the statement, slso made on the .moot trustworthy sutborlty, that the Turks ure not able to resist the onward advance of the army of Grand Duke Nicholas, flushed with Its victories at Erzeram and Illtlis. across the heart of Asia Minor to the Syrian Coast. The vic tories of tha Gradd Duke, which, ac cord I Ok to Information reaching Washington, will shortly be followed by sensational military developments In Asia Minor, are expected to cat the Turkish empire In hill, have made the capture of Bagdad certain, and blocked the Teatoa plans for drives agaiast India aad Egypt. The Now York Times Is informed that among the many things that hrve demonstrated the Inability of Turkey to sscceasfslly rope with her enemies among the Entente A Ills . particularly with the Kuaelaa ad vance through Asia Miner. Is the food situation Tike retire Ottoman empire, ermcsilac to rellsbis ad vices facetted here. I.e* tmee rlrteall) •rtthnet eeffteteei food fee eeert) tee esoeths. Th* crops of Turkey have been the poorest la % genera Hoe. visitation of locssts out of Egypt through ftyrta created fright ful havoc with the groelag crops To odd to th* misfortunes of the crop shortage and the terrible food situation large quantities of food sere disposed of to the Germans In formation has come to Wsahlngtoa to ths effect that when tbe German armies in touch with Coaetaatlnople. drive through fterbla succeeded la puttlag tbe German armies la touch with Constantinople, high Turkish officials who were pro-Teutonic la their 11 eels and sympathies, among tbqm Enver Pasha, requisitioned largo quantities of food and sold them at high prices to the Germans Home of these Turkish officials be came wealthy through the requisi tioning of food for sale to the Ger mans at Constantinople. Tlie Turkish financial fabric ha» also greatly weakened. The prlacl- il Miurw of fund* ha* been Ger many, and German) In shutting down on the grunting of financial aid to tlie Ottoman government But the real blow at Turkish power has been the advance of the Russian armies under command of Grand Duke Nich olas from the direction of the Cau casus upon Krzerum. Tlie Grand Duke lias an enormous army, including some of the flower of tlie Russian military organization, tilth veterans of his campaigns in tialicia and the Carpathians. His forces are well equipped and plenti fully stocked with guns, ammunition and supplies. Moreover, fifty thou sand Armenians are now included in their ranks, these having been large- Jy trained and equipped by the Rus- ans. These Armenians know every foW of the country through which the''Russian advance is being made. rding to the cabled news dis- A recent observer in Constant! nople declares that between Decem ber JIT and January 1 over fifty thousand German troops passed through ,thlB city bound for Asia. Then came a halt, so that by the middle of January the city became congested with them, and, while they appeared to be in fine form and well fed, the civil population was on the point of starvation. Noi, it was add ed, had the Germans found in Turkey the raw material for manufacturing that they had expected to find. Still, the whole history of the Turk in Europe shows that while England and France might now en tertain Turkish proposals for peace, with strong anti-Teutonlc terms in corporated. Russia would be the las' to desire peace at this time. The one nation in Euorpe which for centuries, in both diplomacy and war, has been unswerving in her pol icy to oust (he Turk from the Conti nent lias been Russia. Until the Franco-Russlan Entente of 1913 and the Anglo-Russian treaty of 1907, which finally found expression in the Triple Entente. France and Eugland. together or separately, had aided In maintaining tbe Turk, the former be cause Russian dominance of the Dar danelles would jeopardize French in terests in Asia Minor, and the latter because such dominance m'rht Iso late the Indian empire from England. Thus the understanding reacued by the three powers caused France and Kngland to regard as less im portant Heir diplomatic establish ments at Constantinople, and the op portunity was seized by Germany to make her Influence felt. Il was Germany who obtained the Bagdad railway concession. It w^a a German genera! who trained the Turkish troops for the Balkan war: it was German gold which kept the Tarhtsb government going when Turkish commerce dropped off at the be^fhning of the war: aad. finally. It was Turkey which gave asylum t<> the Goebtn and the Breslau without interning thee# German cruiser*, and. to allay suspicion, spread the story that they had boos purchased. Ip the first week ta November. 1*14. Turkish warships bombarded the Kuselaa shipping at Odessa Eng land declared war oa Turkey oa Nov- ember ( oa leers lag that aa expedi tion was bring formed, to attack Egypt, aad oa Auahet 2fi. 1911. Italy made a similar declaration la order to protect her interests lb the Izevaat Minor naval engagements between Russian sad Turkish warships at oaee began la the Black fieaL three Clf ES AMERICAN PROTEST Von Bernstorff Gives Position of His Government, Which Pleads for Understanding Between U. S. and Germany—Roses Its Right Upon Great Britain's Wrong. The German government, in a memorandum handed Wednesday by Count von Bernstorff to Secre tary Ijonsing, outlines in detail its position in regard to armed strips, reviews events leading up to its decision to torpedo without warn ing all armed merchantmen of its enemies, concedes that interna tional law, os at present constitut ed, makes no provision for the Use of submarines and expresses a will ingness to operate its submarines ia accordance with international law prevailing prior to the war on tlie condition that Great Rrttain does not violate the some laws. The complete text o~f the memoran dum presented by Count von Bern- xterff follows: "The Imperial German govern ment, on account of the friendly re lations which have always existed be tween the two great nations, and earnestly desiring to continue them, wishes to explain the U-boat question once more to the American govern ment. “At the outbreak of the war the German government, acting upon the suggestion of the United States, Im mediately expressed ita read Inrun to entity the Declaration of l/ondon. At that time a German prtxe code had already been Issued, which was ear tlreiy, and without modification! ossed upon tbe rules of the declara tion of I-oadon. Germany thereby proved her willingness to recognize fully tbe existing rules of interna- ttoasl law whleh Insure the freedom of the seas for the legitimate trade of neutral nation* not only among themselves, hut also with belligerent 1 euutrlee. “(•feat Britain, oa the other hood, leclined to ratify the derlaretlou of loedoe. and. after the owtbrewh of lbe war. began Ao restrict the leglti- i»-ale trade of Lhr nratral* la ordee to hit < iwaay. The rontrabend pro- «talons were eystemattenUy eitended oa Aagaot I, 50 September SI aad Oeteber 19. 1914. thi November :|. into, the order of the Rettlsh ad-1 ml rally followed, drrlertag the whole, North Mrs e war auwe la which com-1 v-eeete! ehl| plug would be exposed to! the most serious danger from mines ead men of war. "Protests from neutral* were of so avail and from that time oa th* I freedom of aeatral rommerc* with Statesman Says They Would Combat Germans With Regret and Aus trians With Indifference. "We would fight Germany with re gret, Austria with indifference and Hungary with the keenest satisfac tion,’’ said M. Fillipesco, leader of the Rumanian Conservatives and former minister of war, to the correspondent of the Aspociated Press. He expressed the opinion that there was no ill feeling against Ger many and that Austria was disliked solely because she is linked with th© Hungarians, who are hated on ac count of the alleged ill treatment of the Rumanians living in Transyl vania and Banat. According t6 the Rumanian press, there are several, factors which make for the continued neutrality of the country. These are. first, that the Teutonic sympathizers are better or ganized than the followers of the Entente and, secondly, the long lion of the war has created ilubXc ppathy. Another deterrent factor has been the expense of mobilization and the latter demobilization of nearly th£ entire army. The cost of living has also increased, some article! hav ing risen in price more than they have in the central power countries. GERMANY IS IN EARNEST House Says Teutons IH> Not Wish Break But Will Use Subs. ; Colonel E. M. House, who return ed from Europe this week, after visit ing officials In London. Paris, and Berlin for President Wilson. Is under stood to have told the President and Secretary Lansing Monday that the German government believed itself Justified in lts new submarine policy and was not bluffing. • Colonel House ts believed to have strengthened the view already held by both the president and Secretary laming that the submarine negotia tlone must be handled with the great est rare if a break with Germany Is to be avoided, although he reported that Germany had no desire for war with the Palled State# He dtseuaead the Issue frankly with Herr von Jagow. the German foreign minister, and Dr. von Bethmnnn-llollweg. the imperial rhsneellor PORTUGAL ¥ THE WAR Gerntany MakOs Dwlnratinn Over Turkish army corps began an Inva sion of Rueatan Caucasia, and aa ex pedition won launched against Egypt The It use Inns finally obtained the upper hand In the Black Ben. and hy December. 1914. had pressed th# Turks over the Caucasian frontier nt Armenia, where little happened until the Grand Duke Nicholas began his drive against Krterum in December Inst. And la the first Week In Feb- runry. 1915. th# expedition against Egypt was annihilated on th* banks of the Suet cnnnl. Meanwhile s Frnnco-Brltlsh nsvnl expedition had been prepared to force the Dardanelles. The bombard- I Germany Ona practically destroyed | I I eder these rlrrwmMoarew, Germany 1 wee compelled to rewnrt, la 9 loin, to reprisals In order to tight Germany he* declared war an Por tugal Thee thirteen countries now are engaged in the iniernniiennl struggle The declaration of war wan made hy Germany rhlefty on nccoant of the recent seizure ef German mer chant me* interned In Portagon* ports aad Portugai'a refuaal to re scind this arttoa. A long eerie* of alleged breaches of neutrality by (Dm Portugese government ale* were eon tributlng factor* in the absence of sucfHwariiing, may lose their lives hy the destruction .of an armed vessel of some one of the warring powers, and perhaps thereby plunge this country into war. “I can not gain, the consent of jny conscience, much as I would like th. gratify the president, and meet what seems to be the demands of my con stituents, regardless of my conscien tious convictions, to in every matter ▼ote as the president requests, there by assuming responsibility for the loss of a single American life, or even Indirectly stain my hands with his blood. “In this Instance I am sure I am in ■Jewession of facts of which a partial leagues . to-morrow, and created' press has kept the people I represent In ignorance.'' The concluding paragraph of Mr. Page's statement reads: “I can never express the depth of iy gratitude to tbe Democrats of the nth District Tor their Support aad friendship. I would not be la nay de worthy of that if I did not amla- my rwtf-reepect and latnllectaal hy retiring tint end of iw- somethlng of n sensation here to night among the few persons who heard of his action. British Auxiliary Hits Mine. Th* British fleet nuxlllarv. Fau- *tle. a vernal ef tw*aty-*i» hundred and forty-four Iona, haa been lost together with fourleea members ef bee crew hy striklag a mla* off the A< patched the Russians have followed up tlieiV capture of Krzerum by storming'Bitlis, and have sent out (folutnlis that are being pushed north west, west, aYid south, toward Trebi- zond, KharputVaud Bagdad, in pur suit of the Tur\s. News dispatches have not, howeveX indicated the real objective of the Russian forces defi nitely. , Various routes have been suggested. The Russian government has been silent as to itXplans. Information is-to the effect that the Grand Duke probablyXwill ad vance by way of Kharput, Dlarbekr, Aleppo, and Alexandretta. ft was explained that the object of \thls drive would be two-fold: First. To divide the Turkish em pire lilto two parts, cutting off all of the Turkish domaius in Asiq south, of the Erzerum-Alexandretta line, including Syria and Arabia, from Asia Minor proper and from Turkey •in Europe. Second. To open up to the Rus sians a direct overland route to the sea, this strip to.be retained by the Russians after tbe war, in lieu of the transfer of Constantinople to the Russians, If tbe" surrender bf Con stantinople to tbe Slavic empire Is not made one of tbe terms of pence. ‘ The uiettves which might indue* Turkey u> seek tor pence at this are military, political aad Her Astatic empire Is eerionnly threat seed eleeg th* Ttgrt# front by mmt oLthe forts was begun on Feb ruary 2r. and the strongholds nt the entrance to the straits soon reduced. After a few weeks u further nsvnl operation was deetne<f impracticable. Mug battleships were cju. posed to mines and submarines. Under rover of tbe fire of the war ships. however. In the third week In April, a Franco-British < force was landed on the Gallipoli peninsula. This was reinforced several times, and finally succeeded in maintaining an area of seventeen square miles on the southern tip and the northern drawn in the first week In December. By that time—Turkey having come to an agreement with Bulgaria in the previous July—the reduction of Serbia and Monfenegro hy Aus trian, German, and Bulgarian troops had been practically completed, a through-rail line was soon to be open ed for the relief of Turkey between Berlin and Constantinople, and the rumor spread that a Turkish-German expedition was being prepared against Egypt and the Suez canal. Simultaneously with the opening of the first campaign in the Caucasus a small Anglo-Indian force was land Mf»p«iWcwU' wtraowrew. which mrrr ahntutrly contrary to Iwteraatiowal law. (the chose for thle purpose a <*ew weapon, the use of which had not yet been regulated by latemn- • tonal law. .nd In doing so could and did not violate any existing mien, bat only took into account (he peculiarity of thin nee wrni>on. tho submarine boat. “The use of th* submarine natural ly necessitated a restriction of the 'r*e movement of neutrals and con stituted n danger for them which Germany Intended to ward off by n special wntnlng nnntogous to th* warning Kngland had given regard- lug the North Sea. - "A* both belligerent* Germany In ber note of February 17 and Great Britain those of February 18 and 20, '915—claim that their proceeding was only enacted In retaliation for the violation of international laV by their opponent, the American govern ment approached both parties for the purpose of trying to re-establish in ternational law as it had been in force before the war. “Germany was asked to adapt the use of her new uea|ton to the rules which had been existing for the former naval weapons, and England not to interfere with the food supplies intended for the non- combatant German population and to admit their distribution under American supervision. “Germany on March 1, 191.1, de clared tier willingness to comply with the proposal of the American govern- I nient, whilst Kngland, on the other for the purpose of protecting the pipe line ‘of the Anglo-Persian Oil com pany. This force was. augmented, and' finally, in April last, began t > ascend the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. for the purpose of investing Bagdad. On November 22 the ex pedition reached a point eighteen mile-> south of Bag-dad and was then obliged to retreat. ./It jias-since been heavily reinforced and now' occupies the Tigris south of a point 140 miles southeast of Bagdad with a force of ten thousand men practically her sieged thirty miles nearer that city. It is believed by military men that the operations of the An^lo-Indlan expedition on the Tigris depend on 'the Russian advance in the north m Bitlis in the direction ot the. ed at the head of the Persian^!! dcrlincHl to do so. liy the order thn nnrnnco nf xirntortin ^ thp nino C01111 Cl 1, Ma<TCh 11* 191o, Bagdad railway trail, which'Is the ordering the use of guns on merchant onljr^iean© by which the Turks on the Tigris can be relieved from'Con- stantlnople. There is also a Russian expedition, in the Russian sphere of Persia, whtth. If successful, may alco menace Rag^d from the northeact. Its nearest point to this city is Ker- mansha. 180 miles away. Great Britain abolished even what had re.- mained of the .freeborn of neutral trade wCrtti Germany and her neutral neighbors. England’s object was to starve Germany into submission by •hese Illegal means. “Germany, after neutral citizens had hist their lives against.tli'e wish and intention, nevertheless in the further course of the war, complied with the wishes of the AmtSdcan gov ernment regarding tlje use of her submarines. The rights of neutrals regarding hgal trading were in fact npwhere limited by Germany. “Then England made it impossible for submarines to conform with th© old. rules of international law by arm ing nearly oil merchantmen jnd by vessel produ Is for attack. PluHogrhphs re- tx^tlons of those- instructions have been.transmittedto neutral gov- rrnmenta 'with Hm memorandum of the German government of February 8, 1916. "Theseorders are Ohvlously In con tradiction with the note-delivered by Brills Can Do Mthtag. The department of Justice at Washington has Informed Senator pro; Tillman that nothing can be done to prevent th* fir* Insurance com panies from withdrawing I ram South Carolina. the^Brlttsh ambassador in Washing- ofi to the American governYbent on October 25, 1914. On account of tlm tn nosal. tnrd.e by the United State*? January 21, 1918. regarding dfh-L t-rmatbent. the Imperial government topod that these facts would anablel th* aeatral govrrz^eua to obtain I 'he disarmament of th* merchant ' ship* ef ber opponents The latter howwer. continued with greet energy to arm tbeu merchantmen with gnna "Th* principle of th# United Sutee sevrrnment not to keep their citizens i ff belligerent ship* has been need by Great Britain end her nlllee to arm net 'hnnt ships for offensive par pose* Under thee* rircnmstances in«.r hnntmen can enally destroy sub marines and if their attack fall*, atlll consider themselves In safety hy the frqsenc* of Amerlcad cltlaeas on i oard. " The order to use arms on Britteh merchantmen naa supplemented by inst.netions to the masters of such rhlps to hoist false flags and to rqm U boats. Reportq on pavm«»i.t of pro. mtutns and bestowals of decorations le successful masters of merrbant- u-en show the effect of these orders. England's allies have adopted this position. “Now. Germany is facing tlie fol lowing fact.*: (a) A blockade contrary to Inter national law (compare American note lo England of November 5, 1913) has for one year been keeping neutral ‘rade from German ports and Is mak- .ng German exports impossible. “(b) Fo: eighteen months through the extendli.g of contraband provl- ► ftns in violation of international law (compare American note to Kngland of Xovemlier 5, IPIA) ]tlie overseas Gade of neighboring lieoiral coun tries, so far it* Gi't-tnuny is concerned, has been Hampered. “(c) The interception of inXis in violation of international law (X>i»- pare American menioranduni to Eih;- and of January lo. I91<>) is moan, to stop any intercourse of Germany vith foreign countries. " (rl) England," by systematically ■'ncl jncreasing'.y oppressing neutral countries, ,'allowing tlie princiWs of might before right’ has npevented neutral tra-ii on land wit.h/Gunnany, &0 nk to complete the blpraade of the ~ •futral powers intoijded to starve .heir civ l populatk “(e) German* met hy our enemies on the high sytfs arc deprived of tlieii liberty, nafhalter whether they arc vombatom or non-combatant. Our enemies have armed thelf merchant vessels for offensive uurposes theoretically, making it im possible to use our U. boats according .o the principles set forth in the Lon don declaration (compare American memorandum of February'8, 1916). "The English wh‘te book of Jan uary 5; 19-16, on the restriction of German trade boasts that by British measures Germany’s export trade has been stopped almost entirely, whilst her imports hre subject to England’s will. “Th© imperial government feel* . onfident that the people of ihe Unit ed State*, remembering the friendly i elation* dial for the Uar hundred >©*#» have existed txfwern he two nations, will. In spile of tbe vjtffirul- tlee put into the way by onr ewewUee. appreciate the German viewpoint ae » ) 0 o X— 7 \ QJ