Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BMjjjpa .0IANNING DESCRIBES BETTER 1 TREATMENT OFfATIENTS THANKED BY ASSEMBLY lawi which made the changes poa> quested for the, purpose of conflnu- slble, and T earnestly recommend the Ing toe improvements, continuance of this work as necessary If we ar to thesi have the Just a word here in reference to L^, Governor's Special Message on the •tate Hospital for the Insane— Conditions Have Improved—Econ omy Without Inefficiency—What Governor Recommends. Governor Manning delivered a spe cial message to the General Assembly Friday dealing with the State Hos pital fdr the Insane. By his intense interest in the State Hospital for the Insane, by his apparent sincerity, by his unvarnished statement of facts, he completely captured, the members of the General Assembly and won their sympathies in a Cause that is already close to his heart. Perhaps never before has a per sonal message been so convincingly and sympathetically presented to an audience of lawmakers. And whelh it was all over it brought forth the unanirfrous adoption of the following resolution offered by Mr. McCullough of Greenville: "Resolved, That the thanks ol this joint assembly are hereby extended to his Excellency, Gov. Manning, for his most instructive, interesting and soul stirring message, and we pledge to him and those in authority our hearty support in their efforts to bet ter .the conditions of these unfortu nate wards of the State confined in the State Hospital for the Insane.” We print below extracts from the ?easage r including: Vi. A comparison of present con- itfons with those formerly exist- ng. 2. A financial report, showing economies practiced without les sened efficiency. 3. A general account of the treatment of patients, their chang ed temperament and re-awakened interest In self and surroundings. overnor's recommenda tions and appeal fo. the legislators te provide for the' unfortunates. Gentlemen of the General Ass^n- bly: In my annual'message I stated that I would transmit to you a spe cial message dealing with the State Hospital for the Insane. You have courteously invited me to deliver this message in person. Permit me to thsnk you for this privilege. At the outsef, I wish to state clear ly that in referring to the conditions which I found there when I became governor; It must not be regarded As a- personal criticism; but rather a statement of facts and conditions as I found them. I would be dlsinge ntoua If I did not make a full state ment to you of this whole situation and Its needs. From personal observation I found Iasi year the physical condition of this institution to be intolerable, if we are to consider the treatment of these unfortunates as a solemn duty and as. an act of humaneness and * charity. The. treatment of tiioMe patients was custodial, rather than that of giving skilled treatment to improve their condition of mind as well as of body. This condition was fully revealed to you in an exhaustive, report made by Dr. Herring last year through me to you, I feel that It is unnecessary to repeat here what was stated in that document. You. in a body, at my Invitation visited that institution then, and the condition as shown by that report, and by what you found there, convinced you of the necessity for reorganization of the institution and a change in the treatment of the inmates. I am sure that you recall vividly the picture of what you saw then. Yesterday I invited you -to again this institution so that you could for yourselves, in a measure at what has been done, and is he- •*ng done, under the Acts which you so wisely passed at. the last session of the legislature. The improvements in the physical property are being carried on in a thorough and effi cient manner, and when this work is completed I feel that it will be an enduring monument to your wisdom and humaneness in providing for the comfort and the Improved treatment of these unfortunate citizens of our State. Last year you saw the wretched condition, the discomforts and dirt of the Cells in whicli jtyese people were confined. [ I saw, and you saw, how the meals served were cold and un- nalatable.^ You saw in the women's department—which was then the best department in that institution—the silent, witnesses—those straps that were around the walls that were used to restrain violent patients. Gentlemen, the temptation to me is to go on and enumerate the different things that wei;e revolting, but I have promised you not to do so. But'I can not refrain from saying that in that women’s ward, and as the ward was then in best condition, you wijl recall that in that ward for violent patients there wer^ ninety-two of these violent subjects. They were confined in cells. " ' . We found that the fire 'protection was absolutely inadequate and in operative; we. found that the fire hose could not be attached to the hydrant because they did not fit, and it simply is appalling.to think what a terrible disaster would have occurred had fire brokfen out. If that flr? had occurred in the night time, jvtth tWo nurses only in charge of jjbe ninety-two patients; it does not. require any de scription from me to tejl you what ■ Id have happened, ... * . want to nay to you that under the ged treatment that restraint for violent subjects Is no longer resorted to, but, instead, the kinder and more effective methods; where they are put In baths and treated In simple ways we find as the result that those patients showed imprQvement both Id mind and in body. ^ Gentlemen.' these change^ ihst have been Inaugurated Gbere aretBe result of your wisdom In eaacting script mz in this way. « . i . I want to say to you that the re sults of that. work are shown in re-’ suits which yqu find by ah Investiga tion of That institution. % \want to say further, gentlepien, that the cost of maintenance of that institution for the year 1914 was $316,443.59; the cost of maintenance of the institution in 1A15, was $301,- 8.68.42, saving in operating expenses $14,575.17. The amount brought over from the appropriation of last year was $17,885. Now I want to call your attention to the fact that saving in operating expenses ban not been at the expense of the comforts of those patients. The average daily number in that institu tion, through the year 1915, has been 117 patients more than in the year previous—than in 1914., With the increased average attendance of 117 >patients, the cost in maintenance has been reduced $14,575.17. The per capita expense in 1914 was $176.18, and in 1915 $170.92. . I want to call your attention fur ther to the fact that besides this in crease in average of patients, that they had added for the care of those patients twenty-two trained nurses; they have added ten physicians, whose time is given entirely to the care of those patients, iwhereas be fore three regular physiilans, giving all their time, were employed, and three for a part of their time. One of the first items that w£s taken up in the character of savings by Dr. Williams after his inaugura tion into that office was in the mat ter of the laundry. In 1914 the monthly pay roll in laundry was $702j; in 1915 it was reduced to $237 a month, making a saving for the year of $5,700. That work, instead of being done by paid negro 'wbmen, was done by the negro women who were in the institution, not by com pulsion nor by force, but simply by persuasion, and being giad > to get the opportunity of having 'occupation rather than in sitting atoinidi in idle ness all the time. When Dr. Williams investigated further he found that there were fif teen colored women scrubbers who took qar'e of the white women’s ward at- IHt-each per month; and six men scrubbers, who took care of the white men’s ward, at $16 each per month. Those were discharged and patients in the institution were glad to do that work. The saving in this itern, was*$2,952 for the year. On the farm the cost of operating for 1914 was $9,127.49; the cost of operating the farm in 1915 was $4.- 632.66, making a saving in the oper ating expenses of the farm of $4,- 444.83. The saving in these items, gentle men, amounts, to $13,296.83. There was dhother Item, the exact figures of whifh I did not remember, to take from the report of t|ie pre vious year, but I want to say in the item of whiskey prior to Dr. Wil liams being* placed in charge was bought at that institution by the bar rel. I want to say to you now that tlie ronHuni|»tion of whisker in that institution Is less than a quart (ter month. I want to say that in the institu tion. following out the plan of giving occupation and diversion to the pati ents. they have now a printing plant where some of the inmates daily work: they now have .a laundry where inmates do most of the‘work: they have kitchens where the work is largely done by the inmates. The inmates police the grounds; they have a broom factory and a mat tress factory; they do knitting; they have a sewing room, making clothes for many of the inmates; they have printers and they are using many of the inmates on the farm, and in addi tion to that, gehtlemen, there is established a department there of basket making apd fancy work. Six weeks before the State Fair was held thay employed Miss Austin in that department Miss Austin came to look over thp field. After seeing the patients she wondered if she could do anything for them. They were lying in their beds; she could not induce them to get up for several weeks. She finally interested them in fancy work and basket making. They greatly improved, and finally she in terested fifty of those women, who had been more dead than alive and not interested- in anything, and they were l?ager in the morning when the hofir bame at which time they could bepin their work. Gentlemen, as a result of this, three of those inmates have been absolutely restored to tution and have gone back to their tion and have gone back to their homes. * Xow, I want to say this, that the number of patients who are now em ployed and given occupation jamount to SOD; that that was the* figure given in the report a few days ago. , It may well now be asked, after you have seen what the physical im provements have been, how that has been carried on. You have seen there in the wards that have not yet been touched their condition, those of you who havei visited it, and I do earn estly urge that every, member of this legislature who lias not been there will take personal interest in the work aha'feel that it is part dj his interest, and s?e the benefits you are Conferring on these people' f - Now I wish to say that since the report of the board of regents was made up—it was done about the 20th of December at the request of the comptroller general — they have found that they carried over this baL ance that I have alluded to, $17,- 885. The request for appropriations by the board of regents, were based on th?te-informatjon and the figures before them on the 20th of Decem ber. — Having been in conversation with some of the regents I-learned from them that inasmuch as they have found that they have carried over $17,885, that they will cut out the Item of ,$20,000 which they have asked for this year for 4he matter of equipment. . I, therefore, make this recommen dation, that will provide for the maintenance of the institution, the $32i.QQ0 asked -for. which includes the salary oi the superintendent and all other- expenses of malnt also provide for the fljo.m and they, knowing that their expen ditures could not exceed the apprh^ priation, necessarily held down every ■item. . ' . - ' They copld ,not do certain things thdy felt necessary because of this fear ofrexceeding thp appropriation. You cat) realize that in the eight months which this board and the superintendent have been in charge have been active months Indeed. They have had to go slowly, having had To .make these Improvements step by step, and there are many thinfis that—they have kept kept down, but those of you who have been to the Institution arid have seen the conditions in some of the,wards, and have seen what is to be done there, realize the necessity for fur nishing the money necessary to carry on those ftvork. I have endeavored to give you a plain statement of facts connected with this institution. In doing this I have discharged my responsibility. The responsbllty now rests on you to work. Economy in tills institution will not consist in cutting off ex|>en- ditures, but rather in seeing that the money siienf. is wisely s|>ent, getting a dollar's worth for every dollar spent, in giving better treatment to these patients.' Remember that they come from every county and every section of the State, and there are few of us who are now representing the people of the State who have not friends and relatives In this institution. Is there any work that can appeal to our hu man hearts to a greater degree? These ^idmates are in the institution by no will or act of theirs, but are there by reason of an »affliction brought about by causes beyond hu man control. ‘‘It fit* our solemn duty and obliga tion to give these people the very best treatment and skill that cap be found. It is our bounden duty to make this institution,jiot only better than truss bee tv* in thn past, but the best in'the land." I do-not urge .this work in order that it may be put down to the result of your painstak ing. kindly but rather that it can be put down as that obligation in such a way that it and humane thought for the welfare of these people. You can do nothing that will make a more enduring monument to your wisdom and to your foresight,to your human kindness and charity. I will leave this matter in your hands with the confident assurance that, with the full understanding of the conditions of this institution and of the imperative needs, you will dis charge that oblgation in such-a way that It will be a credit to the State of South Carolina, and will, show to the world that we are Christians liv ing in a Christian land and recogniz ing the highest purpose to discharge our duties, both to God and to our suffering fellow man.’’ Timely - Pointers on W inter Flowing. Deep plowing in fall and winter pulverizes soil, makes the seed-bed easy to prepare in spring, promotes fertility, deepens the soil reservoir, and establishes a mulch. The chief objects of fall and win ter plowing arc to crumble the soil, destroy weeds, and bury traak and stubble s othat the soil may easily be prepared for a naw-crop. A plow that doe snot accomplish these results is faulty. Cover all refuse so deeply tpat it will not be brought to the surface in harrowing. To accomplish this, turn the furrow slice on endge. The fur row should be broad and deep to get the best results. A plow with a straight moldboard turns a narrow slice and does not pulverize the soil. The bolder or more overhanging the moldboard is. the broader will be the sice turned and the more pulveszcd the sol. Preparng soil for seed is expen sive. This expense“can be Seduced by breaking or turning the land in fall pr winter so that it will require very little plowing and harrowing the following spring. There are also othef advantages In fall and winter plowing. For one thing, it promotes fertility by expos- soil to water, heat, air. and cold, thereby unlocking some of the plant 4opd that is locked up in the soil. .Moreover, it provides roots with a larger feeding area. Deep winter plowing increases the water-holding capacity of soil and enables it to store up enough* wa^er during water to provide for the crop during a dry summer, provided a mulch is kept on it at all times. As to deptji of plowing, each man has to decide this for himself. The depth to plaw should be governed by the nature of the soil. As a rule, it is safe to plow heavy soils eight to ten inches deep.. Loose, sandy soils should never be plowed to such a depth. It takes fifty-fire _per cent, of the total draft in plowing to cut the fur row slice, twelve per cent, to turn the furrow slice, twelve per cent, to turn the furrow of the sole and the land: slide. A good point for farmers to rqmember is that a dull sharepoint increases the draft by onc-third. THE WAR LAST WEEK ' tV -1 4 ' WEEK OF OAINS FOR CENTRAL ALLIANCE ' ALLIES WIN BY NUMBERS trol at the «ea, can Supply and rein force themselves at will, the attack must be able to call for new drafts for the same purpose. At the outset, then, st least 600,- 000 men would be needed. As the Teutons themselves have no more than enough men to take care of the present business in hamT,' these would have to be made up largely of Bul garians aud Turks, an it is here that the Turks released from Gallipoli would be needed. v The invasion of Hellenic territory by Greece's ancient and present enemies draws'into the. discussion ...» of Entente is Overwhelming Forces —Turks Threaten Disaster to Brit ish in Mesopotamia—Battles East and West. in .--I, „ i political considerations o'i the gravest New Iqrk Times Reviewer Says Hope na ture. ThINse latter may become so serious as to prevent an operation against Salonlki. In such a case the 200,000 TurkA could be used either In operations against Suez or in Meso potamia. ‘ n - , - The former is -a very doubtful quantity, and although numerous re ports of Teutonic origin have reached us as to what was going To be done and of the preparations that were be ing made to do 'it, no tangible evi dence has yet been produced that the events foretold had any bdsijj in fact. ,. The break in the Bagdad railroad at the Tauras Mountains and the long stretch over the Sinai Peninsula, where transportation is entirely want- in^.f negative, so far as is now pos sible to judge, an operation against what is commonly considered the key to the British empire. In Mesopotamia, however, the situ ation Is entirely different. Here there is fighting of an extremely serious nature, with the British forces a|e parently in a dire predicament. A strong addition to the Turkish forces in that theatre would be well calcu lated to produce British disaster. That this may be understood clearly involves a brief summary of the Mesopotamian campaign with an out line oMhe present position as far as is knowp of the contending forces. Superficially, the past w;eek has not beep, from the standpoint of the Entente, particularly satisfactory. Gallipoli has been completely aban doned by the British, Ijovcen; the Calais of the Adriatic, haa-been taken by the Austrians, the British on the Tigris in Mesopotamia are apparently in desperate straits, the new Russian offenariWiC along the Styr and tlie Strips has apparently been stopped, and a new German offensive in the Champagne has made progress. Without further s qualification ,it would irideed be a jsveek 0 f woe for the Allie, and correspondingly a week that would cause the greatest rejoic ing in Berlin. Certai'n qualifications are necessary,, however, in order that these incidents may be seen in their true proportions. In rega. d to the-final withdrawal from Gallipoli, iT will probably be re called that ever since the Serbian in vasion began these reviews have in sisted on, the utter uselessness of maintaining the forces that have been operating on the peninsula. From the minute the first shell from the fleet was sent into Sedd-el-Bahr the entire campaign was doomed to fail ure—a failure that each passing day m£de more apparent. All of the Allies recognized the truth, hut lurked the courage to ac knowledge defeat even in a subsidiary field. Finally, when it was too late, the Anafarta position was evacuated, and the Turks were leftlree to con centrate their strength on the Achi- Baba line. ~ ,- Whether there was a possibility of the British being driven into the sea or whether the impossibility of an advance finally became too evident to be longer ignored, is not knpwn. In all probability there was no local military necessity for the mqy»_ The big naval artillery of the allied fleet outranges any shore batteries the Turks have about the tip of the Peninsula. ITrider protection of those naval guns there is every likelihood: that the Allies could have held on asi 120 miles west of Haara. When the British planned tlie Meso|M>ta!nlen expedition, there were, to quote in part from Mr. Asquith and in part from (tie lead ing military reviewers of Ijondon, t two objectives: one was to main tain the mastery of the Persian Gulf, which the British have held for .TIN) years, tlie second to pro tect the oil fields at the head of the Persian Gulf, just east of the k arum Diver. 1 Reported 1'nfavorably. House committees Wednesday un favorably reported the McMahan measurp. to increase state officers’ salaries and the Baile bill to investi gate the birthplace of Andrew Jack- son. This is in line with the policy of economy. Sixty-four Raids in Charleston. In a letter to Gov. Manning Noon day Chief Duncan states that in The past three days the cpjastabh a work ing in Charleston have served sixTy*. four search warrants apd ftjund con traband liquor at only nine places. ‘ i levins Entering Wedge for Suffrage. ^ Senator Wightman Of Saluda in the Senate Wednesday objected to , wor men. notaries and school trustees be- fause-he said it would be an "enter ing wedge for woman suffrage." Galician Buttle Continue*. The battle continue* between the Ruastgas and Austro-German* In Ga licia and Bukowiaa The claim further faint end the data tojke boldtsg their , long as they were so minded. There was. howevei 1 , need of these troops in other fields where advan tages could be gained commensurate with the losses sustained, and this is the most logical reason why the with drawal was made. Tliat tlie British will, to Home ex tent, lose caste as a result is, of rourse. inevitable. The modern Turks have been generally regarded as pretty far down In the military scale, and Great Britain has been extremely frank in expressing kn opinion as to their lack, of merit. Turkish territory extended, well into the Far East, and the British de feat will be trumpeted throughout the empire. This will lower British prestige, and. after this war i* over, cause England considerable trouble before the status of affairs is the same as it was a year ago. India seems loyal, and in spite of the Teuton propaganda for revolt is not apt to cause any serious military trouble. But India will no longer re gard Britain as the invincible force that governs as it will, against which opposition would be fruitless. The reckoning will come in the form of a demand-for-government by the con sent of the governed and for a voice in the governments At home, in London itself, the feel ing will be rather one of relief. No. other operation of the war has caus ed so muen ill-feeling or hostile criti cism among the people and in parlia- ,ment. Gallipoli has been the rock on which the government has been in Almost constant danger of founder ing and breaking up. On the whole, it may well he doubted whether the advantage thus gained, in re-estab lishing unity and faith in the govern ment at home does not offset the dis advantages caused by loss Uf prestige in tlie East. The direct military influence which this move will exert can be found in ■the numheV of men. both. Turks and allied troops, released for duty in other theatres. We have no official reports t)f the number of men on Either side thus freed. Unofficially it is reported that the nuriiber of Turks is about 200,000. To the Allies it must mean, there fore, the addition of at le.ast 100,000. Thgse latter troops could be used ad- varitaggpqsly .in almost riny of the other^war areas, in Flanders, Meso potamia, or Saloriikil At the latter place, the threat of an attack is ever present. It Appears ffom such Infor- mation as has Come to hand that they have been sent to Balonifii to take part in the defense. But it is not ap- pa'rent even yet whether 1 the attack will ever come. . I The details of the Salonlki position if&ve been sufficiently described in previous reviews. It is only neces- Thls expedition, begun with not more than 20,000 troops, was at first sucresful and occupied a line gen erally along the Karum from Bazra to Ahevaz. There wa*,- however, a rendezvous for the Turks at the not inrontfderable town of Amara, about 120 miles up the Tigris from Bazra ThU town wan alno taken, and there it neetned that the liritinh object waa an-omplinhed. > ' But the Turks rut In behind this line by a concentration at Naarie, They were not defended by the Allies, have been a simple metier, man on -the heights, coaid hare morth three trying to reach them. The deeper the Allies get into the war and the greater the war area be come**, the leee able their leaders seem to gnpq> the critical potato la the situation. . There is no breadth of vtatrip, eo broad conception of the. war a* a whole discernible as yet la the allied camp. ITocrastlnatioa, de- tnr, inefficiency caused Belgium, then BerbAa, and now Montenegro to be completely crashed. And with each blow the allied sit uation in the Balkan becomes less and lees promising. The redeeming feature, to the Allies, the only thing that holds out to them hope of vic tory, is superiority, not in brains, organization^ or in the individual, but ^ in numbers and resources. For Aus tria to occupy Montenegro will take men, many men. This is the weak ness of the whole plan. « The offensive on the Russian front-, has during the past week somewhat lessened in its intenalty, but it has not died down nor is it yet apparent ;hat it has been stopped. Czernowlts, though still in Austrian hands, is in serious danger of falling, due to Rus sian gains on the heights to tha northeast. Austrian papers dilate on tha severity of the fighUng and freely estimate the losses -of their own troops at 75,don men. To judge from’ admitted losses in similar operations, this is an understatement rather than otherwise. If the Hum* La ns accomplish no more titan the infliction of a loaa measured by their ow'd--—and because of the counter attacks there is prob ably not a great deal of difference— their movement has riot failed. r For the same reason the;receti(t of-‘ fensife of the Germans la tke-Cham- pagne arid in the southern Vosges, though U resulted in small galna, la In po sense, in iU relation to the war as a whole, a defeat for the Allies. The Teutons, in spite of all the aid that the itulgara and the Turks can give, are hound to be the backbone dt tlie fortes against the Allies. And the Teutons, if they have not already reached it, will soon reach the point where every loss is a permanent loss which can not be replaced by a re serve. _* ; The situation with them la the same as with 1/ee when he faced Grant at tlie beginning of "hammering campaign." IN they can do, loase* they con Inflict, hut their life blood Is slowly ebb ing and each drop that falls cornea from the heart that Is furnishing the power oi life to the Teuton organisation. displaced from Naarie and relieved by the Shatt-el-Hai to Kut-eJ-Amara. Thl slatter town it was also neces sary to occupy, more so than ever as it developed a* the last and moat ad vanced position necessary to cover a direct attack on the head of the Per sian Gulf. The Turks retired from Kut-el- Amara to Cteaiphon where they were > attacked by Gen. Townahend, who, apparently ignorant of the Turkish strength, had but one-fourth of their numbers. The result was a British retreat back to Kut-el-Amara, which wo semi-fortified. Here the llritl*h were gradually surrounded by the Turty* and. although they Improved the opportunity to strengthen greatly the defensive works, they were, nevertheless, by reason of the greatly superior numbers against which they were contending. In serious danger. The British relief force, sent out under Gen. Aylmer, teemed in a fair way to force its way up the Tigris and effect a junction with the troops at ICnr-el-Amara. Latest adyices. howauer, are to the effect that this relief expedition has been halted by the'Turks at Sheik Said, some twenty miles away In the meantime, the Turks are naturally sending reinforcements as j ‘“I raoidlv as nossihle from the west feCt the ,Ut ® WUhouae system, to Manning’s Message Good. It appears that Governor nlng s message has been unusually well received by the people through out the State. The queeUoa still un paired Is how does the legislature Lake It? No matter what he may recom mend, It Is up to the legislature to enact the laws. The governor ho*' done hie part and it will be tntereet- ing to watch the deliberations of thb General Assembly. * The governor’! attitude on law en forcement and education ie well known. We agree with his attitude towards the law and auggest helpful co-operation by the people In this county. As for education, the dif ference between the poeltlon taken by The Times and Democrat and Governor Manning are known to our readers. In his message the gov ernor does not advise aay amend ment to the local option compulsory attendance law. His desire to raise the age limit for child workers, to provide adequately trained school teachers, to place .agri cultural instruction in public schools to prepare for the boil weevil, to per- sary now to consider one feature. In attacking Salonlki, the Teutons and their allies will be trying to force a naturally strong defensive position with a total perigieter of ajiout fifty miles and held * by approximately 20,000-men, or, 5,000 to the mile—, about tbri same ratio as prevail^ in the,German line in France. Of this distance of fifty miles, forty-five are so open that ij may be sal dthat the advance" against - the line, almost-from the moment the at- taeking force moved, srfuth. would be unprotected > by any features of ter- rain,’and would bo. from the begin ning, under fire from gugs placed with a positive beforehand knowledge of the direction from which the at tack would crime. Under such circumstancee, t,o have an even chance of saeceee, the attack ing force would have to be at least double the defence Not only that, bet ae Urn Allies, through their eon- rapidly as possible from the west over the Bagdad railroad. It U here that the tiOtMMto men releaMed from service on Galli|ioli con. If sufficient transportgUon service is available, deal a blow to ItridHh prestige in the East far greater than that suffered hy tlie withdrawal from the Helles- |M>nt. , •{ • ■ Latest advices from Austria show that not onlfr has the height <Jf Yov- cen, which dominates Cettlnje and Cattare, fallen into Austrian hands, but that the Montenegrin capital it self is occupied. Tlie Montenegrina have, therefore, asked for an armis tice* which can only be a forerunner of r a separate peace. It is another case of practical abandonment on the |iart of the Allies of a small power to the force, of the Teuton military machine. Lovcen is a height about 4,000 fee$'^hi£ir'overlooking Cettinje and dominating completely Cattaro. As has been stated in the press reports, the possession Of Caltaro bears -the same relation to the Italion coast that Calqis does to thefcoast of'England. Its strategic importance, however, is-jiiilitary rattier than naval. It will give Austria an additional naval base oh the Adriatic, it is true, but a good naval base with an enemy absolutely controlling tne sea is not. a matter that carries with it a preponderance of the argument, Tlie military, importance lies In the facility that the position affords fpr a flank movement against the at' tempt of the Allies to come through AlaUanhv and, in fafc-t, against a northward mote from Salonlki. When Montetoegro is forced in a separate peace, which step is about to take place, Austria, of course, will be in a position to dictate such terms as may seem to bur advisable. One of these terms will undoubtedly be that Austria shall be perfectly free to use the Statelfpr her forces as she wishes. A atrong Teuton force can thus be* secure good roads, and to.keap up the boards of health, the board of chari ties and corrections and similar boards is to be approved. When it comes to the laboring peo ple of the state the recommendations made for the benefit of workers, the board of conciliation and the work man's compensation act speaks well for Governor Manning's attitude to wards the laborers of the State. The farmers are also well repre sented in the mesage. The Torrens system of land registration, the rural credit recommendation aud the yet- to-be-communicated plan for short term credits, the cattle tfck work and other general recommendations espe cially valuable to farmers show that Governor Manning intends to do what he can for them. The governor’s insistence for econ omy and his straightforward under taking to “oppose new and expensive undertakings" show that he means economy. The people are with him, or rather, he has correctly interpret ed their wishes. His strictures on lobbying, al though criticised by some, is to the point, weU put, and, according to our information, needed. There is entire ly tod m&ri'y pelrsdns, who, through unofficial power, ' arid political promises, exert a too prominent pries- sure upon the views of some mem bers of the General Assembly. - The message, taken altogether, is a credit to Governor. Manning. The people should be phrased with his recommendations.—The Orangeburg Times and Democrat. Gulls for Rural Credits. Qy A consurrent resolution wa* pass ed by the general assembly Wednes- _. day calling upon the members of con- in a position to operate bot hagainst kT«ae from this stars to work for a the qnly two roads Crossing Albania uqeasure on rural credits. ' > ■ • Into Serbia and also against any — ♦ ♦ » i. ■ -*» troops using either of the two north ojiaaaa *n i,-. r ■ ■ - - ■ or south lines thst may in itself prove sufficient to neutralise completely A . bill was Introduced In the House the Italian expedition which has al- **•«- ready been dispatched tor Barbie and . f® 0 * 1 sat ot ttr uoaet the entire Salonlki e*,.. the prohlMUou lev.