The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, January 13, 1916, Image 3
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4'
A THO-POWER NAVY
- \ ** , ' ' v * ^ ^
STRATEGISTS EXPLAIN DEMAND
FOR ARMY AND NAVY
±>
NEEDED IN TEN YEARS
Deemed
Y i
•f-
T
'ix;
v
iREEK PRINCE SEES BOMBS
HU ALLIES AT SALONIKI
President f Wilson’s Policy
Significant in the Light of a Threat
of Attack—Must be Ready to De
fend Monroe Doctrine From At-
tack by Two Powers at Same Time.
Possibility of a combined at
tack by two foreign powers to
break down the new Pan-American
doctrine evolved from mainte
nance by the United States and
... acceptance by South and Central
American republics of the Monroe
Doctrine is one of the fundamental
basesfor the national defense
plans formulated by army and
navf strategists.
They believe it essential in the for
mulation of a national military
policy, it was learned, to provide
against the eventuality of an assault
upon the doctrine by either an Asi
atic or a European power, or even by
an alliance of two such powers
^which might hurl forces simultane
ously at the Atlantic and Pacific
coasti>*. - 1
To develop a navy equal 1 in
strength to those of any two world
powers, except a combination includ
ing Great Britain, and an army pre
pared to fight for the integrity of the
Pan-An>erican idea anywhere in Pan
America,.!* the ultimate aim of the
plans of the military experts.
What confidential information the
army war college and the navy gen
eral board may have gathered con
cerning the intentions of any certain
power or powers is not being reveal
ed, but there are certain matters of
general knowledge which are known
to have entered into the study of pos
sibilities upon which the theory of a
two-powey attack upon the Monroe
Doctrine was based. ;
Ten years is the time the navy gen
eral board believes the United States
has in which to prepare for a read
justment of world forces which will
follow the European war. In setting
1925 afe the time when the United
States navy should equal any afloat—
which means reaching the two-power
standard of the British navy—the
board estimated tbat much tims
would elapse before the shock of the
present #ar passed sufficiently to
permit any of the belligerents to look
to South br Central America for col
onial development or trade aggres
sion.
Plans of the army war college
would be consummated in six years.
The army offUt'm take the position
that the United States must have suf
ficient troopn and troop shifts to land
forces in any threatened I’un-Ameri
can country to meet an Invader. ^
All these preparations, it is now
known, have been presented by strat
egists to the administration as essen
tial ts auppori the. Monroe Doctrine,
so that the United States may be able
tdoadt alone, if necessary, to preserve
its ideal of no entangling alliances.
Such Ideals, the military students
have stated, impose new duties on
the United States—duties that re
quire something more than a policy
of mere passive resistance.
While the administrative branch of
the government has submitted to
congress a definite plan which con
templates an increased expenditure
of more than a billion dollars on the
military and naval establishments in
' the next six years, all other agencies
of the government are acting to unify
and harmoqjze the Pan American na
tions.
To students of dipfomacy the Pan-
American declarations of President
Wilson in his opening address to con
gress, the declarations for Pan-
American unity made to the Pan-
w American Scientific Congress by Sec
retary Lansing, and the general ef
fort for unity of all the Americas on
a basis of friindship and equality,
take on added significance when con-
>sidered in connection with the ad
ministration’s preparedness plans.
The recent announcement that the
ambassadors from Argentina, Brazil,
and Chile had been selected by the
United States to represent it on the
commissions provided by the peace
investigation treaties with France,
Great Britain, and Italy hr regarded
as one of the sigaifleant factors in
this connection.
Significance also is seen in the dis^
closure that an effort to postpone U*e
Pan-JCmerlcan congress, on .. r the
’grpund that sufficient time had no!
been given to prepare an adequate
scientific program, was met by the
statement that the United States was
insistently desirous of taking prompt
steps to further the spirit of Pan-
American accord, confidence, sympa
thy and mutuality. South American
capitals uniformly report that the
' congress is regarded there as more
political than scientific, and that ap
probation of. the sentiment of Pan-
American unity is freely expressed.
With the military problem, agreed
upon hnd defined, the two boards of
strategists were asked what; in their
opinion, would constitute adequate
national defense. Their answ r er was:
To build a two-power navy, and
organize a federal army of suffi
cient size, so that a portion of it
could be used in any southern
country against a foreign invader
without impairing the safety of the
United States itself.
Missiles are Dropped With Accuracy,
by'Planes 3,000 Feei High— . .
* Fleet's Guns Reply;
Athens, via Pari*, Wednesday:'
Prince Andrew of Greece, brother of
King Constantine, in an interview to
day with the correspondent j)f-the
Associated Press, described the aerial
bombardment of the Allie*’ camp at
Zeltenlik, on the outskirts of Salon-
Iki, on December 3<k
“The bombardment and the reply
of the fleets anchored in the roads
of Saloniki,’’ said the prince, “was
one of the most extraordinary sights
imaginable. 1 was riding back from
the morning’s work with my regi
ment when I was startled, .byl a deaf
ening explosion from: two hundred
yards away. A great cloud of black
smoke arose, followed shortly by
three more explosions at regular in
tervals. Then came tnl familiar
rocket-like sound of a slfell passing
over the air evidently fired by one of
the warships in the harbor.
“Naturally, my first thought was
that for some reason the fleet was
bombarding Saloniki. Therefore, I
rode straight to the nearest British
post, which happened to be a hospital
not far from the Greek camp.
“ ‘Why, are you bombarding the
city?’ I asked the officers.
“Then for the first time I looked
up and saw three machines fully
three thousand feet high flying in
line from the northeast and turning
just over the harbor toward the
northeast and turning just over the
harbor tow^yd the northwest in
which direction they finally disap
peared.
“The bombs dropped with the
greatest precision, one after another,
killing and wt unding a number of
the Allies’ soldiers but not touching
the city. Meanwhile the firing of the
fleet grew thunderous. It was im-
I^ssible to^hear yourself speak. In
a short iime it became evident that
the fire from the fleet was more dan
gerous than the bombs from the aero
planes as some of the shells aimed
wild whistled directly over the town,
one narrowly missing Major Metaxas
and a troop of Greek cavalry return
ing from exercise, .
"Toward noon a fourth aeroplane
arrived, following exactly the same
course as the others, though flying
lower. The black Maltese crosses
were plainly visible on its wings. My
wife and I watched Its flight from the
balcony of our house.
“Riding home along King George
street, towards tea time, I was
astounded to see French soldiers and
A dense crowd of onlookers surround
ing the German consulate. Farther
along the street other consulates pre
sented the same sight. The consuls
were hustled through the crowd
taken to the headquarters of the
French commander, i General Sarrail
cross examined and then .put aboard
the battleship Patrle -ip the accom
paniment thioughout of the stares
and comments of the curious
crowds.’’
Asked whether he would return to
Saloniki, the prince replied:
“Of course I shall. Why shouldn’t
I Despite appearances, Saloniki is
still Greek,”
OUTLINES IL S. PUN
„ ,,T * . , . U '
WILSON EXPLAINS OUR POLICY
TOWARDS SOUTH AMERICA
MUST HELP EAEH OTHER
A
To accomplish this the general
board then recommended ifor the
navy:
*1. Authorization in 1916-17 of
1300,000,000 in new ships, as against
a total investment in fighting equip
ment now afloat during the last 30
years of 1459,686,551.
2. Construction of four battle
cruiser* and four dreadnoughts under
this program.
S. Expansion of ahlphnlldlng facil
ities to admit of even heavier build
ing programs la succeeding years.
Par the army the war callaga r
fa mc>lf of ap-
President Designates helpful and
\ ir !
Practical the Suggestions Made—
Other Leg of Monroe Doctrine is
Made Known to Prevent Distrust
■ ■ -/*■*-- » '.V " *
of This Country.
The United States government’s
Pan-American policy was detailed by
Prestdent Wilson Thursday in an ad
dress before the second Pan-Ameri
can Scientific congress. Ho explain
ed the proposal submitted to South
and Central American diplomats In
Washington last week by Secretary
Lansing as a basis for an effective
agreement between all the republipa^
•f the western hemisphere "not only
for international peace of America
but the domestic peace of AYnerica.”
This program, as outlined by thp
president, purposes thstl
I ^ All the American nations shall
co-operate in guaranteeing to each
other absolute independence and
territorial integrity.
Agree to settle all disputes as
soon as possible by amicable pro
cess. , ” . > i
Agree to handle all disputes aris
ing among them bv patient. Im
partial investigatioa and to settle
them by arbitration.
proxlmately 1500,000,000 to produce
a mobile army under federal control
which, with its reserves, would total
1,500,000 In six years, 500,000 fully
trained regulars and the remainder
continentals.
2. Increasing by 50 per cent, the
a total investment in fighting ebulp-
artlllery in four years at a total cost
of $81,000,000.
3. Accumulation In four years of
reserve ammunition and material
worth $104,000,000.
In view of the enormous, and what
they regard as almost prohibitive,
cost 'of these proposals, Hoc retar}
Daniels and Secretary Garrison map
ped out the billion dollar six-year
program, wlvich President Wilson has
laid before congress, providing essen
tially as follows.
For tlue navy:
1. New construction within five
years costing $500,000,000, which
will add six battle cruisers and ten
dreadnoughts to the fighting line by
M924.
2. Construction during 1916-17 of
two battle cruisers and two dread
noughts, witty proportionate numbers
of smaller craft.
3. Distribution of the remainder of
‘•1910 Means Victory”—Poincare.
In an address to the French troops
President Poincare says: “Nineteen
the building program through the
next four,years at a cost of $100,-
000,000 a" year.
For the army:
1. Expenditure within six years of
approximately $600,000,000 to pro
duce a total mobile federal force of a
million men, 141,000 regulars and
800,000 continentals, this force to be
in additional to the National -Guard,
now numbering 120,000.
2. Expenditure of the full $81,-
000,000 recommended by the war col
lege and beard of review for new
coast defense.
3. Expenditure of the full $104,-
000,000 recommended by the experts
for reserve material.
The war ex.perts want a reasonable
army and we.don’t blame them.
There is no use In depending upon
volunteers in a struggle like tfae one
in Europe. ’ r
JAPAN NOT AN ENEMY
Senator Shafrqth Reports On^j
Friendliness There. #
In a speech in the Senate Friday
advocating the admiplstratton Phil
ippines bill, Senator Shafroth of Col
orado declared he believed Japan
would join In an international agree
ment to respect the autonomy of the
islands If they ultimately were given
independence as pronpllsed in the
pending measure. Mr.! Shafroth said
be had spent much time in Japan in
the past year' and had found only
friendliness there both for the United
States and Philippines. ' ' •
Joseph Rncker Lamar, of Angnsta.
Gsl. associate Justice of the United
Govt, died at Waah-
“These are very practical sugges
tions,’’ said the president, “and I tor
my part believe that they are going
to lead the world to something that
America has practiced for many a
generation.
He said the Monroe doctrine al
ways had been and always would be
maintained by the United States on
its own authority but that the doc
trine did not disclose what attiude
the United States would assume to
wards other nations of the hemi
sphere’ and consequently the other
aations had been distrustful of it.
Applause greeted the president's
remarks. Euardo Saurez Mujira’ am
bassador of Chile and president of
ths congress, introduced Mr. Wilson
as a statesman who has radically
changed the nature of the relations
of the peoples of this continent and
has built an American international
policy of mutual esteem and co-{
operation, at this very moment prais
ed and applauded by the whole con
tinent.
Domiclo da Gama, ambassador ol
Brazil, translated Ambassador Sau
rez'g introductory remarks Into Span
ish amidst applause from the Latln-
Amerlcans.
Mrs. Wilson made her first public
appearanre in Washington as the
president's wife. With Miss Mar
garet Wilson she occupied a box'
almost over tjie speaker's platform.
After expressing regret at his in-
ability.to be present to greet the con
gress at its opening session, the presi
dent said:
I feel that I ran congratulate you on
the proceedings of this congress (hat
I fee Ithat I can congratulate you on
the increasing sense of comradeship
and Intimate intercourse which has
marked its sessions from day to day;
and It $b a very happy circumstance
in our view that this, perhaps the
most *ital and successful of the meet
ings of this congress, should have oc
curred in the capital of our own coun
try. ...
“The drawing together of the
Americas has long been dreamed of
and desired. It is a matter of pecu
liar gratification, therefore, to see
this great thin^ happen; to see the
Americas drawing together and.not
drawing together upon any insubstan
tial foundation of mere sentiment
“After all, even friendship must be
based upon a perception of common
sympathies, of common interest, of
common ideals and of common pur
poses. Men can not be friends unless
they intend the same things, and the
Americas have more and more real
ized that in all essential particulars
they intend the same things. .
“To be privileged, therefore, to see
this drawing together in friendship
and communion based upon these
solid foundations affords every one
who looks on with open eyes peculiar
satisfaction and joy; and it has seem
ed to me that the language, of science
the language of iulpersonal thought,
the language of those who think
. . . was a very fortunate lan
guage in which to express this com
munity of interest and of sympathy,
“But, ladies and gentlemen. *our
thought- can not pause at the artifi
cial boundaries of the fields of science
•and of commerce. All boundaries
that divide life into sections and in
terests are artificial .because life is
all of a piece. ... No one who
reflects upon the progress of science
or the extension and perfection of
any of the practical arts of life can
fail to see that there is only one at
mosphere of mutual confidence and
of peace and of ordered political life
among the nations. Amidst war and
revolution even the voice of Science
must for the part be silent.* Fpr
nothing stirs, passion like political
disturbance, and passion is the enemy
of truth.
“These things were realized with
peculiar vividness and said with un
usual eloquence In a recent confer
ence held In this city for the purpose
of considering the financial relations
urally led to all the - Inferences of
politics. For politics I conceive to be
n'qthing more than'tfifo^cience of the
ordered progress bt society-along the
lines of greatest usefulness and con
venience to itself.
"The conference to which I have
referred marked the consciousness of
the two Americas that economically
they are very dependent upon one an
other. tbat they -have a great deal
that H ia very desirable they should
esebjraire and share, with one an
other, that they have kept unnatural
ly and unfortunately separated and
apart when they should manifest as
ohvioes community of 1 niasset; pad
the object pr thkt eenfereaee wet «e
ascertain the practical means by
/whlph the commercial and political
Intercourse Of the two continents
| could be quickened and facilitated.
I And where qvents move, stiteamen, if
friends, and that friendship is Ijaaed
thejrbc not indifferent, be not asleep,
must think add a t. . . .
“But these gentlemen have not
conferred without realizing that back
of all the material commqnUy of in
terest of which I Lave' stroktruthere
lies and must lie a community of
political interest. I have been told
a very interesting fact—I hope'it is
true—that while this congress has
been discussing science it has beet* in
spite of itself led into the feeling that
Behind the science there was some
influence with regard to politics, and
that if the Americas were to be unit
ed in thought they must in some de
gree sympathetically be united in ac
tion. What these statesityeh who
have been conferring frorm month to
month in Washington have come to
realize is that back of the community
df piaterial interest there is a com
munity of political interest.
“I hope I can make clear to yon in
what sense I use those, words. I do
not mean a mere partnership in the
things that are expedient. I mean
what I was trying to Indicate a few
moments ago, that you can not sep
arate politics from these things, that
you can not have real intercourse of
any kind amidst political jealousies,
which is only another way of saying
you can act comnuEO unless you asc
upon your political relations with
each other perhaps more thhn upon
any other kind of relationship be
tween nations. •’ _ (
“If nations are politically suspi
cious of one another all their inter
course Is embarrassed. The object of
American statesmanship on the two
continents is to nee to it that Ameri
can friendsliip is founded on a rock.
“The Monroe doctrine was pro
claimed by tEfe United States on her
own authority. It always has been
maintained an always will be main
tained -upon her own responsibility.
But the Monroe doctrine demanded
merely that European governments
should not attempt}to extend their
political system to this side of the
Atlantic. It did not disciose the use
which the United States intended to
make of her power on this side of the
Atlantic. It was a hand held up In
warning, but there waa no promise in
It of what America was going to do
with the implied and partial protec
torate which she apparently was try
ing to set up on tnis side of the
water, and 1 believe you will sustain
me in the statement that it has been
fears and suspicions on this score
which have hitherto prevented ttye
greater Intimacy ’and confidence anil
trust between the Americas. The
Staten of America have not been cer
tain what the United State* would do
with her power That doubt must hr
l rea>oved.
! “And latterly there has-been a very
( rank Interchange of view* between
he authorities In Washington and
those who represented the other
states of this hemisphere, and Inter
change of views charming and hope
ful. because based upon an increas
ingly sure appreciation of the spirit
in which they were undertaken.
These gentlemen have seen that if
America la to come into her own.
into her legitimate own, in a world
of peace and order, she must estab
lish the foundation of amity ao that
nq one will hereafter doubt them.
“I hope aqd I believe that this can
be accomplished. These conferences
have enabled me to foresee how It
will be accomplished. It will be ac
complished in the first place by the
states of America uniting In guaran
teeing to each other absolute politi
cal Independence and territorial In
tegrity.
“In the second place, and as a
necessity corrolary to that, guaran
teeing the agreement that all pend
ing boundary disputes among them
selves. should they unhappily arise,
will be handled by patient. Impartial
investigation and settled by arbitra
tion. and the agreement necessary to
the neace of the Americas that no
state of either continent will permit
revolutionary expeditions against an
other state to be fitted out on its ter
ritory and that they will prohibit the
exportation of munitions of war for
the purpose of supplying* revolution
ists against neighboring governments.
"You see what our thought
is, gentlemen, not only the
International peace of America,
but the domestic peace of Amer
ica. If American states are con
stantly in foment, there will be a
standing threat to their relations
with one another. It is just as much
to our interest to assist each other
to the orderly processes within our
own borders as it is to orderly pr"-
another. ' , —~
“These are very practical sugges
tions which have sprung up in the
minds of thoughtful men and I for
my, part believe that they are going
to lead the yf&y to something that
America has praised fpr many a gen
eration. . . They are based upon
tile principles of "absolute political
equality among tire states. They are
based, in short, upon the solid, eter
nal foundations of justice and hu
manity. - . . _ .
“No man can turn away from these
things without turning away from
the hope of the world. These are
things, ladies and gentlemen, for
which the world has hoped and wait
ed with prayerful heart. God grant
that it may be granted to America to
lift this light on high for the illumi
nation of the world.”
GEIRMEMNT
WILL FIGHT TO LAST DITCH BE
FORE SURRENDERING
WHAT WORLD MAN FOUND
‘
/ ■ r
Special Correspondent of New York
Newspaper Reports on Conditions
in Teutonic Empire—Sees More
Signs of War To-day Than Were
“Apparent Eight Months Ago.
——
Gustav C. Boeder, for twenty-eight
years, on the staff of the New York
World, has just returned to this coun
try from his second tour of Germany
since the outbreak of the war seven
teen months ago. His account of
conditions in Germany to-dky 1 , and
particularly of the changes noted
sine he was there eight months ago,
is now appearing in the World. His
general conclusions, and some of the
details of his report, make interest
ing reading.
Here afe the conclusions arrived
at .after investigation and exhaustive
travel througnout the Kaiser's do
mains: •• t i
1. The end of the world war L’ not
in sight. It may take years before
peace will reign. Germany will fight
determinedly to the last man.
2. There appears to be ample food
supply on hand, with certain restric
tions, not only for the millions in the
field, the huge array of military and
civil prisoners, but for the civilians
at home, the latter again under cer
tain restrictions.
3. There Is a considerable shortage
of certain articles of food, meats prin
cipally, all fats, butter and milk. Ger
mans are being taught how to econo
mize more and more every day. Two
meatless days have been established
In the w^pek, also two fatless days,
snd one day when n • pork is sold.
4. Food priefk have risen, in many
instances, fifty per cent., and in some
as high as one hundred per cent.
.5. There have been a few so-called
“food riots,” the result of high prices
the poorer were unable to pay. This
was due principally to the fact that
wholesalers refused to sell their pro
visions tor a long time dntil a higher
market rate had been established.
Some of theee men were arrested and
sent to prison for speculating In food
products. Now the government has
fixed prices In general and the trouble
is apparently ended.
6. There is etlll a shortage of cop
per. cotton, gasoline, butter, milk,
rice, rubber. Expert chemists and
electrical engineers are creating sub
stitutes for material which waa for
merly imported Into Germany.
7. Germany has enough men to
carry on the war tor years.
8. Nesrly everybody ia wishing for
peace, but nobody wants'peace nnlesa
it is in favor of Germany and grants
the demands she may make upon her
enemies.
Hostility to America Grows.
9. The hostility—some call It
hatred against America and Ameri
cans Is greater to-day in Germany
than it was last spring. Germans be
lieve that, Americans ara almost as
much their enemies as the nations
with whom they are at war, for with
out the supply of ammunition from
the United States they believe the
war would have ended long ago. This
is the opinion current among the
manses, while the upper classes most
ly take a more calm view of the atti
tude of the United States. They also
feei that the administration in Wash
ington has been more lenient with
England than with Germany.
ID. There Is considerable talk in
certain quarters of a possible boycott
against goods manufactured in the
United States after the war.
11. German bankers insist they
will be able to furnish all the money
that Germany needs to continue the
war for many years.
12. Unless peace comes unexpect
edly, the strlfE, the Germans say,
will tie continued until both sides are
completely exhausted.
13. The . German people have ^be
come more serious in thought and
action because of the terrible losses
In lives and property.
' 14. Germanv is guarding most
carefully against foreign spies,' and
rfotices warning the soldiers not to
talk lest they be overheard by foreign
^ , _ spies are posted everywhere through-
cesses tn our controversies wRh one 4 out the entire empire.
15. It is much harder to-day for a
foreigner, and especially an Ameri-
ean, to get about In Germany than it
was last spring.
16. ' A man unable to speak the
German tongue and traveling in Ger
many runs more or less risk to-day.
J 7. M^iny Germans are of the opin
ion.that President Wilson could.have
settled the war by insisting that Eng
land raise the blockade against cot
ton and foodstuffs as against Ger
many. Thep hepe that congress will
settle the arms and ammunitiop
question in favor of Germany.
18. “Mit Gott fuer Sieg and Vater-
land!” (With God for Victory and
Fatherland!) is their slogan..
Soldiers are Everywhere N.
Eight months ago there^were prac
tically no indications that! the empire
was engaged in k hitter warfare.
Everything, business anl all, seemed
to be conducted as before the war.
There were nqany people out of em
ployment, Few soldiers were seen in
the streets, except at the railway sta
tions, and of course, along the fron
tier towns in the east as well as in
the west. v . ' — j
To-day It is differentv • Although
the war has not been carried within
the borders of the German empire—
and the Germans believe thV enemy
never will be able to cross Deutsch-j
land’s frontier, no matter heyr hong
the war may last—yet the visitew at
once realizes that Germany Is engag
ed in defending her country against
the Allies which are Lhrealenlhg her
A-om every point.
Not only In Berlin, but through
out the entire empire there are to
day marked Indications of n warfare.
In the first place the streets are filled
with soldiers. This Is principally dee
te the fact that ao many have been
called to the colors, as
that a feaerat
plan of action is coat
part of the general
was dreAmed of before.
of an army of one million of
trained men being gathered i
any emergency.
*• Companies, battalions of ns
ed men arC'seen marching
the streets. They are a deter
looking lot. full of enthusiasm
ready, they declare, to sacrifice tl
lives for the Fatherland.
Germans are Goefldent.
The German people are prepar
for almost anything ao tar m the.
duration of the war is conee;... i.
They feel that they are sapi> ..l
amply with provisions, and that c.c*
If the blockade against German port*
continues, they' will still he able to
supply all their wants,
since the road to Turkey has beek
opened to them. In n few days tie
first through train from Berlin to
Constantinople will leave the capital
of Germany.
The people realize that this is war,
and they are satisfied- to submit to
whale vet restrictions the government
may pla#e. upon them as far aa the
consumption of foodstuffs Is con
cerned.
As for the men in the field, them
is no doubt that they are supplied
with ample food of all kinds.
It is true that there has been a.,
between the two continents of Amer
ica. ... A financial congreas nat-
fcv-vao-ccilcd “food riots” In different
parts of the empire. They have been
particularly prominent in. vartom
towns in Saxony, and according to re
port were instigated by Socialists who
had been dispatched to these towns,
mostly from Berlin.
The ringleaders in most of theoo
cases were women. They would vest
cell on the mayor of the town and
demand that prices be lowered. Thte
applied almost esclusively to the ml*
of butter. When authorities felled
to act the people took It upon them
selves to call particular attention te
their wants by smashing windows !■
shops where butter was sold. As lw
all such cases, ykang boys, who con
sidered die entire matter greet fen,
would Join the ringleaders and beep
up the so-calW fun by doing mem
damage to shops.
Cotton from Asia.
Throughout Germany there la f-
ported a shortage of eottoa. Thhs
again applies exclusively to the civil
ian population. According to official
reports there is enough cotton am
bend for use by the army te took
three years. For manufacturing pur
poses the shortage will be overcome
soon by importations from Ante,
which, with the opening of the rend
to Constantinople, is mode quite
•y.
Feel Hare of ■*—igh Fig terse
Whether or not Germany will he
able to supply enough men for all the
armies that are nerssmry te carry an
this world war has always baaa n
matter of serious eonstderattoa. But
in Germany the people are coavlaeed
that no matter how long the war will
last they will have the mea a sees
•ary.
There have been frightful loeeos la
the German ranks since the dm hal-
tie was fought, but the Germans say
their losses ere not as great as them
of the Allies, aad that if the war sen-
tin use they will he better aMe to refill
their ranks than will be the Allies.
♦ » ♦—r?r*-
v •
-Some merchants have the idea that
as seon as the holiday business rush
is over they must let down consider
ably in’their advertising. That is a
mistake,. ior while it may not be
necessary to advertise so freely as
-during the holidays. It’is good busi
ness to continue ads in the local
paper. Unless he does this every'
merchant will have left on his hands
a lot of goods that be must carry
over to the next Christmas- season.
Judicious advertising in' which bar
gains are offered will get rid of most
Of that stock and also keep business
up t<^ a fairly even point
The sour visaged professor of re
ligion is out of place In this world.
The religion of the Nazareno was
never designed to make man
morose and gloomy, hut to fill him
with hope, gladness and usefnlaeee
Is Fanning Us
The feet that an Increasing num
ber of young people lenyn the farm
every yeer for the city Is sometimes
a wonderment to many, and yet it
ought not to bo. That farm life nf n
true charadter is more Independent,
has many attractions, and makes for
greater contentment and social qual
ity every one must admit who intelli
gently studies the question. Bnt thw
trouble is that life on many, and per
haps most of the farms In this coun
try, Is not of the right kind.
On very few farms do the~ sous
have a pecuniary or partnership in
terest, and In many cases the hired
man has more liberty and is more
considered than the children In the
family. Naturally that make many
young folks discontended and causes
them to look longingly to the dty In
which, so they believe they will hnvn
more advantages and see more of
life. That most of them get disilln-
sloned after a time may be true, hot
they will not admit it nor return to
the farm.
tynottyer reason for the drift from
the\country is the foolish idea many
have that farm work is not only
laborious, but inferior to city work.
That It is laborious no One can deny,
but so Is most physical work. But
so far from being inferior to other
callings, the vocation of a farmer
presents more variety, is more edu
cative. an<j demands more Judgment
and skill than almost any other call
ing. . \
Contrast the variety of a farmer's
life as seen in dealing with aolls, fer-
tiliers, rotation of crohs. and many
other things, with that, of a clerk fn
a dingy city office devoting the whole
of his working time to the rail rou
tine of keeping a ledger, or with that
of a workmen in a mill standing by a
machine which automatically turns
out iron bolts by the thousands every
working day.
The farmer gets close to nature,
breathes the fresh airi has an abund
ance |to eat, and enjoys other advfin-
tages that his brother, in the city
knows nothing of. Yet for all that
a steady procession ot. young men
and women will continue to go to the
city where most of, the procession
will get stranded and content Itself
with a mere existence.
Men Who Keep Beck BesTkn,
Out of 5,011,441 men of miliUiY
age in England, Scotland and Wnlen,
2,829,263 were attested, enlisted -or
rejected under the Earl of Derhy'n
recruiting scheme, leaving 2,182.17fi
men who did not offer their i
Of the men who did oome
428,853 were rejected by the
ing officers.
Yen