The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, December 16, 1915, Image 2
THLMIK1M
^ =fcr—r-*.
ALLIES RETREAT INTO JiREECE
TO AVOID DISASTER/
UNREST AMONG ENTENTE
Sen York Time* Reviewer Rap* In*
i . r
cempetentey of lirltiMh—French
A -Name Management of Affair*—
, - x —
^ l .mtige to be Lo*t In Failure of,
II ilkan KAJedtion.
No mention was made In last
Week's review ef Serbia or Serbian
operations. This was partly because
of the greater importance—of—tho
Italian campaign, which scorned to
bajn a cruclaLstage, and partly be
cause there had heen nothing that
was not anticipated and, to an extent,
iiscounted in the week’s happenings.
in fact, in the two weeks,which
iiave passed since the Serbian cam-
(paign Was discussed in this column
only the expected has occurred. The
Teuton-Bulgar combihatlon has com
pletely, and with German thorough^
nessj.disposed of the Serbian army.
A fraction, a very small fraction
of it, still remains in Macedonia
where, with the forces of the British
and the French, it is still offering
resistance to the invaders. The re
mainder is now but little more than
scattered bands operating separately
In guerrilla fashion In the wild, rough
hills of Eastern Albania and Monte
negro. .' -
They are still being pursued, by
the Tei|tona^.hut such a pursuit can
no more be maintained with a con
tinuous coherent line than can the
retreat. Nor does It demand as many
men as a continuous line, for the very
reason that cohesion Is not only not
necessary, but Impossible, and, con
sequently. no troops are kept inac
tive for the sole purpose of preserv
ing dose contract.
General alignment and general
contact between the larger bodies Is
all that is needed -Is all of which
the terrain Is capable. The result Is
that great numbers of the Austro-
Oermana, who were previously occu
pied in the fighting in northern Sor
Trta, have heen TredT lo'JSln tHeTTuf-
gar* in their operation:! against the
Sorbs, the French, and the British In
Macedonia
This Increased prew.«irc Is now
making Itself felt.* For weekr,, al
most, indeed, from the time the flrst
materiel contingent of the French ex
peditionary force reached Serbian
•oil, Krivolak hhs been the point of
rest for the flank of the French army.
This army, fighting a hopeless fight
for the railroad from the Greek fron
tier to Ugfcub, bold the lino an far as
Krivolak. the right flank reding on
or very near the Greek frontier nt
Dolran.
When the Bulgarians drove across
the railroad and took Uabuna Fas*,
there was naturally creatod In the
French line a sharp salient of which
Krivolak wan the apex, one side ex
tending along the Vardar River, the
other southwest along the Cerna and
the Kara Rivers. This was made
necessary by the exponuro of the
French flank.
It was against this salient that the
Increased pressure of t/ie Teuton re
inforcements was mace manifest
The result of it has been the enforced
abandonment by the French of the
Vardar line ftom Krivolak to Deniir
Kapu, the latter n railroad station
not more than twenty miles north of
the Groek frontier.
In their retreat, of course, the
Allies are drawing nearer and nearer
to the Greek frontier, and it is in
evitable that in a short time the con
tingency that the Allle* had foreseen
will soon become & reality—the fron
tier will be crossed and King Con
stantlno will be forced to make’his
decision.
Whichever way he decides, the
ultimate outcome wi'l bo what he so
studiously wishes to avoid. An in
ternational boundary is but a line
drawn on a map. It is literally but
a step from one country to another,
and at some points thK step will in
all likelihood be taken by the vic
torious Mvattets, with duerapotogtes,
of course, for the military necessity
making the move- mandatory. We
shall then have the curious anomaly
of two belligerents fighting on the
territory of a neutral, with almost the
certainty of a number of casualties to
maintain themselves In Macedonia,
way |*>»t;!«ne Rumania's action. They
certainly can not dfethte it. Rumania
already sees be*'7e her a nation
which, deluded by false hopes, and
deceived by«. broken promiccs, has
(beetL cruabcd by the heel of the con-
OJtqjCQJ^ Promises will not stir her,
nor will dreams, engendered by the
AUtiof a Rumanian Bessarabia and
BuJTowina, assume a form sufficiently
real to bo a temptation. > t •
V Act* and arti only can give' the
Allie* hope of ultimate assistance.
And the only territory In which such
acts can be sufficiently pathnt , is
Macedonia. There ceemn, therefore,
nothing for the Allies to do but to
send and to keep on sending troops to
Salonlki as long as they can keep the
railroad open. .
This does not take into account the
effect on -Egypt and Indih. In the
case of Egypt, It is not apparent why
she should he a source of worry. As
was pointed out some-weeks ago, the
incomplete Bagdad railroad, the long
march over the desert sands of the
Sinai peninsula, and the addition of
nearly...*, -tbolfeand miles of battle
linp—cohibine to make Suez and the
Suez canal an almost impossible ad
dition to the kaiser’s objectives. In
India, however, where there has al
ready !>een evidence of decided un
rest hy reason of Itritain’s preoccu
pation In the west, serious revolution
might result.
_ What then will the Allies do?
' To remain in Macedonia .means
sure defeat; to withdraw may, by
Inciting insurrection, threaten all
of-ICngland'* far eastern colonies.
It Is not for the reviewer of past
events to try to penetrate the veil
that conceals the future.
JU was noticeable) that at the'coun
cil of war held in France uuring the
past week, General Joffre was the ac
cepted loader, not Enrl Kitchener nor
General French. This Is Interesting
as Indicating possibly the passing of
Great Britain as the dominating in
fluence in the Allies’ military affairs.
In Justice to England it must be
said that the British fleet has cleared
the seas and has thereto made it pos
sible for the- Allies to control the
world's mrrkets of food and shell.
England has also jupplled- troops in
numbers at Icast-kve' Units as great
as wIT&t her antes and herrelf con
sidered her quct» at the outset.
lint at the same time England has
fallen far ladow the standard set by
the French and ,hM either throsgh
disaffection at home, incompetence.
iiaitlei
that neutral's citizens. The Teutons,
of course, will do all in their power
to aggravate the situation so as to
force the Greek kiug into the war.
It is obvious that if Greece is
forced to a decision now, utterly
regardless of the wishes of the peo
ple, which, we may presume, favor
the Allies, or of treaty obligations,
which favor Serbia, this decision
can savor only the central flowers.
To do otherwise with upward of
JMWkOOO Teutons and Hulgars with
in striking distance of Greek bor
der, and only a defeated and much
inferior force between, would be
little, if at all, short of madness.
!n a few weeks Greece would take
her place beside martyred Belgium
and totally crushed Serbia. It is no
wonder that Constantine resents the
efforts of the Allies to force him to
decide between perfidy and cruci
fixion.
In view of the sure defeat of the
allied forces in Macedonia it would
seem a logical military move for the
Allies to anticipate matter by retir
ing without further sacriffce. As ,*»
military move, considering only the
forces already involved, it would bo
the course of wisdom. But. unfortu
nately there are, for the Allies, other
considerations beside mllltfery.^
The principal of these is Rumania.,
Wpre the Allies to abandon Serbia,
the losa of prestige throughout the
near and far east would be as-great
as to have tacMculable results. Roth
Teutons and Allies are exerting every
. Influence on Rumania to take up the
■word. As Rumania sees the probs-
MUty of her sister states in the Ral-
kans hetnx rreatty augmented in ter.
rUory. wealth and population, her fa
ted indeed her salvation
I
that German efficiency ; nd prepared-
nesiupst dpon her.
France, with a population but little
If any greater than that of the Britiah
lalna, hnn kept In the kcld ;>n army of
nearly 3,*011,000 men, England not
moro than 1,000,000. French Ineffi
cients have been weeded out by the
ruthless band of Joffre. who sees only
the good of France. England's inef-
flclrnti are still in romni-nd, If.we
may Judge from results.
Neuve 4 hspelle saw the beginning
of what •.hullhi have heen a great vic
tory, truly important in Its results.
But its end saw thw infantry disrupt
ed nnd disorganized bp an advance o£
only two miles, the British artiilsry
pumping shrapnel and shell into their
own Infantry an fast as tbs artillery
men could work the guns, nnd utter
lark of co-operation between the
arms.
Somewhat later the German roun-
ter stroke came and the French saw
the lines of the British trust back
around the Ypres salient, saw their
flrst lino of trenches occupied by the
Germans, and the entire position at
Ypres threatened, and this after
numerous thrusts against the French
line In tho Argonne and elsewhere
had been thrown back.
Then camo the operations against
the Dardanelles. If history comments
on this move nt nil it will be only to
point out its Impossibility. No na
tion but an England led by a popular
superstition to believe in a flavy to
which anything was possible would
have for a moment even considered
an operation - against land fortifica-
tiofls without a thoroughly worked
out co-opcratlvo plan between the
military and naval branches of the
service.
England's realization came too late
and the fighting on Gallipoli has dis-
1 posed of over three British army
corps with absolutely nothing to show
for it bst another ingloridrs defeat.
And now therm is aheolhtely no
chance of d j1* g macli more by way
of G&llipol than has yet been done.
There remain out of this venture two
considerations—first, how to get off
the peninsula, and, second, what will
lie the effect"on British prestige in
the Fur^Kw«t~W the troops do leave?
The next blunder made its appear:
ance in the latter part of Septefnbor
in the drive in Artois agains Lens.
Here the mistakes of Neuvc Chapellc
wore repeated. The British went for-
wr.rd at 1,003 and advanced some dis
tance east of Hill No. 60. The Brit-
ish commander at this part of the
lino selected tho time when the Brit
ish advance line was over a mile, to
tho east of the present position to go
to sleep—mentally, if not actually.
The result was th.'t when the ad
vance troopa had penetrated deeply
into tho German lines and were ex
hausted by their efforts, British re
serves were nowhere to be found, and
a movement which nhould have and
could have shawen, if not broken, the
German hold on Lille was almost en
tirely fruitiest.
How the Black Watch was left un
supported tq bear the brunt of the
German counterattack- which followed
Immediately was told in detail shortly
after the battle. The discouraging
feature wrs its effect on tho French
plans. For months the French -had
heen preparing for this advance at a
nqt . inconsiderable sacrifice of men
and shell.
All the fighting in the Labyrinth,
-n front of Sokcjiez. and - at Notre
Dame de Lore^td: that marked the
late spring and-summer had for, its
object , n advance against Lens qpd
Hie German communications at Line
But the incompetence of British lead
ership nullified It.
The final, blow was tho military
and diplomaUc failure in the Bal
kans. Not only was Bulgaria allow-
to fro against the Entente, bu»
England utterly failed to send her
quota of froons to Serbia's aid.'
Lastly—sad this affects England
clone rather thm'bcr allies—there i»
the Brltiab defect by thn German-lo<’
Turkish troops in th« ragh l ot Bag
4*4./ Late, la fisplember the Brlttah
WILSON TELLS COMMITTEE
-DEMOCRATS SURE TO WIN
.1
SENDS STIFF NOTE
> *
Presiilcnt Talk* Informally With N
tlopal Committeemen and
, . Sees Victory Ahead ,
President Wilson told members of
the Democratic national committee at
a luncheon in the Senate dining room
of-fhe White House Wednesday that
th<? Republicans had no issue for the
next campalgq except the tariff and
that-Democracy was certain to win.
‘‘Our constructive work has start
ed an Irresistible movement, which
can not be stopped,” he'Tdeclafed.
’.‘Any one who tells you otherwise is
talking through his hat.”
Mr. Wilson said nothing to indi
cate whether he wduld again be a
candidate for the presidency.
Throughout his fenttr# talk, which
dealt! with subjects ranging from
Democratic chances of victory to fea
tures of the “isolated” life of a chief
executive, the president was Infor
mal. Taking place at the head
of the table, he thrust his hands into
his trouser pockets, cast aside what
he termed his “dress parade” lan
guage and talked freely and confi
dentially. " ’-t
Democrdts of all factions greeted
his remarks enthusiastically. They
left the White House in buoyant
spirits, declaring that his optimism
had inspired them with new confi
dence. It Was the first time, com
mitteemen said, that their body had
i.een received as a whole ih the White
House. They expressed regret that
the text of the presidnt’s speech
would not b e given out, as they re
garded it as a vigorous cam palgi.
argument. ■' -
At the outset the president said he
wanted the members to feel that they
were a part of a big family, of which
he was a member. He asked wheth
er any one present could suggest any
campaign argument other than the
tariff, which the Democratic opposi
tion could advance, and they shook
thelf -heads. Nobody knew at this
time, he added, what sort of a tariff
measure must be framed to meet
changed conditions resulting from
the war.
Discussing parties and policies
generally, the president insisted that
tho Democratic View was that the
majority should rule, while that of
their opponent* was that a "hoard of
AUSTRIA ASKED TO DISAVOW
ATTACK ON ANCONA .
HAVE a SKIN WITH
OUT A BLEMISH
ALLOWS NO DISCUSSION
i <>
or some other can so, i.lmcst totally ——. . „ i„v,
fnllnd tn MMniro m trustees” should acLior ihs i .t!'-!!. *
Touching upon the Mexican prob
l«tn. he said thi* same majority rule
should apply in Mexico as well as this
country, without regard to the wishes
of person* residing In other coun
tries, who h©d Mexican property, lit
expressed the belief that in due time
peace would come in Mexico.' when
the people were thoroughly tired of
raising disturbances
AMERICAN SHIP IS SINK
IN MEDITERRANEAN BY SIB
Rome. Italy, Tell* of Ixtss of Oil
steamer 4'ommnnlpaw Near
✓ Toubruk, Tripoli.
The American steamer Communi-
paw has been sunk by a submarine in
tha Mediterranean near Toubruk.
Tripoli. No information has been re
ceived ronrerningClhe crew or the na
tionality of (be submarine.
The steamer GominuaipasPrecentty
was held by the Italian government at
Genca, but was allowed to sail for her
destination December 2, owing to rep
resentations made to the government
by the American embassy at Rome.
The Commuhlpaw was owned by
the secretary of commerce of New
Jersey, and sailed from New York
for Egypt.
David T. Worden of Mount Clair,
N. J., manager of the foreign shtp-
ping department of the Standard Oil
Com|jnny, of New Jersey, said that
the crew of the Communipaw num
bered thirty-nine. Capt. Nordstrom
is a naturalized American. Mr. Wor
den said, and the four engineers also
are Americans, but he knew nothing
of the nationality of the other men
aboard, although several ^of them, at
least, probably were citizens pf the
United States.
The Communipaw fomrerljfcjjian-the
Deutschland. flymg the Gernfan flag,
and sailing from Hamburg. She was
one of the steamers of the Standard
OH fleet which was transferred to
Ihe American registry after the Euro
pean war began.
Secretary I.untdng, With President's
Approval, Words Note to Avoid
Prolonged Negotiation Such as Fob
lowed Lusitania , Incident—Situa-
, tion Grave.'
Diplomatic relations with Aus
tria are in danger of being broken
' of f by the United States unless the
urgent demands of the American
note to Vienna for a disavowal of
the sinking of the Ancona and re
paration ar e complied with.
• Furthermore, it wasTtated Friday,
upon high authority, the United
States expects a prompt reply to its
communfeation, Austria’s delay in
furnishing answers to iuiestions
submitted to Baron BUrlan, minister
to foreign affairs, by American Am
bassador Penfield, a few days after
the sinking of the Ancona, has not
served to ease tile situation.
The foreign officer, however, did
inform Ambassador Penfield it de
sired more time to answer the in
quiry, hut American officials are un
able to clearly un lerstand why it Is
impossible for the Austro-Hungarian
government to secure the informa-
toin desired.
•It has been pointed, out that if the
commander of the submarine which
sank the Ancona had taken his vessel
out on another cruise he should have
returned to his base long before this
time. It was understood that offici
als are certain that it has been pos
sible for the Austrian government to
communicate with the edmmander be
fore now.
The United States has sent to Aus
tria-Hungary a note asking foy rfaia-
avowal of the submarine attack upon
the Italian liner Ancona, assurances
that snch an act will not be repeated,
some' degree of punishment for the
commander of the submarine and re-
forces under General Towashend won
a decisive victory over the Turks iff
Mesopotan^ia between the towns of
Kut and Nakhr.ilt on the Tigris. /)But
in tlie -week past the tabh s were
turned and it was the British army
that was in retreat.
All this, coupled with domestic dis
turbances, catinet uphe-.7a.ls, and
disloyalty of nati/c citizens, was well
calculated to shako the faith of Bri
tain’s allies in 1 Britiah military
prowess, and it is not to bo wondered
at that tho French scorn' to have
taken matters into their own hands
and assumed tho dominant position in
the Allies’ war council.
Rumors have reached us of dissen
sion in the Allies’ camp, and it is en
tirely conc'civablo that such exists.
France and Russfa have done their
part and have suffered grievously.
England boasts that she has not yet
been wounded. Hayden, the great
German writer, hgs made the same
statement.' * ....
.That British statesmen can point
with pride to such a Condition when
France is bleeding at every pore, Ser
bia has expert need a cataclysm, and
Russia holds a line of defense sev
eral hundred miles inside of her
boundaries, indicates a rather pecul
iar cbndltlon of the BriRcb mind.
Britin will fee wounded, and sorely
so, before a treaty .of peace is made.,
and the sooner sho can put herself in
condition to receive her Wound*
while inflicting still more serious
wounds on her enemies, the sooner
the day of peace will come.
Austrian Seaplane* Active.
Vienna reports: "On Friday bur
railway objects nt Ancona with very
rood results, all the aeroplnnee re
turning unharmed d capita heavy
shrapnel fire.’*
The communication started by
cable Tuesday from the state depart
ment to Ambassador Frederick -C.
Penfield, at Vienna, who -.was In
structed to hand It to the Austro-
Hungarian minister of foreign af
fairs, Baron Burlan. Word of the de
livery of the note had hot lieea* re
ceived by tlie department Wednes
day night.
Friemliy, but firm, terms. It Is
•mill, eliararterlze tlie .document,
which is understiMMl to make a par
ticular point of prompt assurance*
for the future safety of American
lltes. Austria-Hungary Jims never in
formed tlie United States whether the
< oniuiander^ .of the its submariner
had been given'lnaiructions similar to
those which the German government
gave to Us commanders after the
Lusitania tragedy. It is understood
that the note referred particularly to
the shell of the submarine which kill
ed or wounded some of the persons
on the Ancona after she had halted
and asked for an explanation of-that
point.
• In dispatching the note Secretary
Lansing acted with the approval of.
and after consulting with. President
Wilson. It is stated authoritatively
that the documantr-wihieii Is describ
ed as being comparatively brief and
decidedly vigorous in tone, was so
drafted as to attempt-* settlement of
the controversy at once, without
bringing on a series of cominualca-
tions such as followed the sinking of
the Lusitania.
High officials are said to be of the
opinion that the situation is one
which calls for grave consideration
the state of affairs havipg become
more complicated since the note was
dispatched by reports of attacks up
on American oil-carryjng vessels .in
the Mediterranean, presumably by
Austrian ^Submarines.
Isews that the note had been sent
came as a- complete surprise to offi
cial Washington generally, the re
ports which emamrfTHT'from the state
department’ early in the week being
that no positive and corroborated evi
dence to what actually had occurred
when the Ancona went down had
been received.
It was said thaj. the reports re
ceived were fragmentary, conflicting
or contradictory, and__that until a re
ply to the inquiries suhniittcd to Aus
tria-Hungary was received it was
probable that no communication
would be sent to Vienna.^}
It was suggested in sohu* quarters
that information of a most conclu
sive nature’ had come lo Secretary
Lansing, probably late Monday night,
and that it had been decided then
that the protest should go b forward
immediately. Whether Ambassador
Penfield had transmitted the reply of
the Vienna foreign, office to the list
of queries submitted by the United
States could not be ascertained.
The Pellet prevails, however, that
the state department had received
answers of some sort to the queries.
In the inquiry Austria-Hungary was
asked among other things whether a
warning shot had been fired before
the ship was shelled, whether time
was given the passengers to get to a
place of safety, and whether any
shots were fired at ship after she had
come to a standstill and-before the
torpedo was launched.
The Austro-Hungarian embassy in
Washington had net been advised
that the inquiry had been aswered
and it was said that the Italian am
bassador, who has transmitted much
information upon the sinking of the
Ancona, had not furnished the Unit
ed States with anything additional.
The Ancona was sunk in the Medi
terranean Sea on November 9, while
hound from Naples for New York.
The only testimony of a native
American survivor of the liner before
the department Is in a deposition b.
Dr. Ceclle Ore 11. of New York. In
>posftI6n Dr Crell asserts spe
ri ileal ly that tha liner waa torpedoed
While the men. women nnd children
in the cabin and steerage were scram-,
bilag to get Into tha small boat* - -
r
• i
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The 1915 cotton crtf’jy'afnounts to
i 'y3-38,588.4)00 pounds exclusive of
, 1 inters and is equivalent to 11.161,-
i ono 500-pound bales, the department
'of agriculture announced FViday in
' its final estimate of the season.
That is 2,300,000,000 pounlls'less
than last year’s record crop. The
-value of the lint this year, however,
is approximately $78,0Uy),000 more
than last year’s great crop
Cotton was being sold by farmers
| on December 1 at 11 3c a pound,
while last year on that date they
were f getting 6.8c a pound. At the
higher price* this year the crop i*
worth *llO:<.‘J4i4MMt4t, while Inst
year'* RtiC was worth
This year's cotton crop will amount
tot 11,161,000 bales of 500 pohnds,
gross weight, exclusive of linters, the
department of agriculture announced
Friday in its final cotton report of
the season. That compare*-with 16,-
134,930 bales last year, 14.156.4*16
bales in 1913 and 13.-033.225 bales
Xba; average total production, exclu
sive of linters, for the live years,
1909-1913.
- The final official figures giving the
exact size of this year's cotton crop
will be issued by the census bureau
next March when completo statistics
from the gin..eries have been com-
piled. •
Tire'"estimated production, exclu
sive of linters, by states, with com
parisons, follows:
Northern Buyers want Southern
farms,' direct dealing with owners;
no commission. What have you to
sell? Write Southern Homeseekers’
Bureau, Box 1454, Atlanta, Ga.
Italian Will to Doves, $3 pair; Jap
anese Fawn Doves, $2 pair; Long
Island Muscovy Ducks, $2 pair;
Snow White Muscovy Ducks, $3
pair. H. L, Parr, Florence, S. C.
Mo.
52,00.0
81,752
64,876
1915
1914
1909-13
\'a. .
16,000
/. 25,223
20,538
N. C7.
■>08,000
930,631
100,154
S. C..
1,100,000
1,5:JH,HI«
1,2»i,4«J
Ga. .
1,900,000
2,718,037
3,086,598
Fla. .
50,000
81,255
61,561
Ala.
1,050,000
1,751,375
1,354.570
Miss..
940,000
1,245,535
1,181,'320
La. .
360,000
449,458
340,715
Tex. .
3,175,000
4,592,112
3,730,765
Ark.
785,000
1,016,170
808,154
Tetfr?.
295,000
383,517
336,866
•Okla..
630;4MH1
1,262,176
870,349
Cal. .
' 21,000
49.385
Others' 6,000
14,045
14,713
Cabbage Plants—Leading yarieties,
open grown In Piedmont belt and
frost proof, $1 (>er 1,000; 6,000 and
over, 90c. By,parcel post, 20c per
1 (TO. ' J. H. Hagan, Hodges, S. C.
Georgia Cane Syrup—New, ptire, un
adulterated; $14 ‘per 35-gal. barrel
f. o. b. Cairo, Ga> Quantity limited'.-
Short crop. Order quick if you ex-
nect to get it. - J. L. Mauldin, Cairo,
Ga.
Budded Pecan Trees—(Large,-soft
shelled nutsi, 50c to $1. Top bud-,
'ding seedlings, exchange livestock,
poultry. Twelve years experience.'
Watson’s ‘‘Pecanwood,’’ Orange-
nrg, S. £ , . ^ ,
Ouri
RUSSIA TO HAVE NEW ARMY
Peas F'or Hale—Peas wiU be in great
demand tbla year on account of the
high price of fertilizer. Send u>
your order now and don't lei the
land suffer. Johnson and knnua, St.
^George, 8. C.
Marry—We
wealthy
have
large
Thia club ia
Expert Machinists Come Here to
lect and Purchase Munitions.
A party of sixty-one Russians,
pert machinists, mineralogists a
electricians, have arrived in t
country to look after the.mcnufacti
pf munitions purchased in the.Unit
States for the Russian army.
Theodor Kajoniess, in charge of I
party, said he-was going direct
Bridgeport to superintend the mai
facture of twenty-five hundred thi
sand rifles.
‘‘In early sprinff.'’ Col. Kaloni
said, “Russia will have » new an
of four million men, ready fht-a dr
Joward Berlin.”
Peace Demonstrations Occur.
Parisjreports Friday a Swltzerja
I dispatch: -Peace manifestations hi
i occurred'not only at Berlin bnt
Dresden and Leipalg, according to I
German '‘orrespondent of tha Ba-
: Tagwacht.