Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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r fv blockade running could be facilltat* ed.” ‘'Your Excellency will no doubt re member," wrote Sir Edward, "how, In order to meet this new difficulty, the old principles relating to contra band and blockade were developed and the doctrine t\’ continuous voy age was applied and enforced, under which goods destined for the enemy territory were intercepted before they reached the neutral ports from which they were to be re-exported. "The difficulties which imposed upon the United States the necessity of reshaping some of the old rules ae somewhat akin to those yrith which the allies are now faced In dealing with the trade of their enemy. Adjacent to Germany are various neutral countries which af ford her convenient opportunities for carrying on her trade with foreign countries. v "Her own territories are covered by a network of railways and water ways, which enable her commerce to pass as conveniently through ports in such neutral countries as through her own. A blockade limited to enemy ports would leave open routes by which every kind of German com merce could pass almost as easily as through the ports in her own .ter ritory. "Rotterdam is, indeed, the nearest outlet for some of the industrial dis tricts of Germany. It seems, accord ingly, that if It be recognized that a blockade is in certain cases the ap propriate method of intercepting the trade of an enemy country, and if the blockade can only become effective by extending It to enemy commerce passing through neutral ports, such an extension is defensible and in ac cordance with principles which have met with general acceptance.” The note then refers to the case of the British ship Springbok, seized by the United States cruisers during the civil war, bound for the British West Indies, because her cargo, it was charged, was to be transshipped to the Confederate States. The Supreme Court of the United States sustained the seizure against the condemnation of a group of prominent lawyers, although the United States and British govern ments took the broader view and rec ognized the development of older No protest was made by Great Britain. What is really important In the general interest says the note, "is ENGUNDJNSWERS SAYS WE HAVE NEITHER LAV NOR EQUITY ON OUR SIDE , WILL KEEP UP BLOCKADE Defends Actions of Her Navy, Justi fies TYiem by Citing Germany's Va rious Acts—Supplemental Note Discusses Prize Courts and Sug gests Arbitration of Whatever Dif ferences May Arise. Great Britain’* reply to the latest American representations against in terferences with neutral commerce, made public Tuesday night rejects entirely the contentloh that the orders in council are illegal and jus tifies the British course as wholly within International law. “Unsustainable either in point of law or upon principles of interna tional equity" is the British reply to the American protest against the blockade of neutral ports, with an in vitation to submit to international arbitration any cases in which the United States is dissatisfied with ac tion of British prize courts. The British reply is contained in two notes, one supplemental. With the notes were made public corre spondence over the American steam er Neches, seized by the British while en route from Rotterdam to the United States, with goods of Ger man origin. Changed conditions of warfare, the British note contends, require a new application of the principles of Inter national law. The advent of the sub marine, the airship and alleged Ger man atrocities in Belgium are cited as Justification for extreme measures. The blockade Is Justified on the con tention that the Universally recogniz ed fundamental principle of a block- __ _ _ _ ade Is that a belligerent is entitled mot hods of blockade “ttrCtlt off "by effective means the sea borne commerce of his enemy." The note reiterates tftat Great Britain will continue to apply the orders complained of, although not without every effort to avoid embar rassing neutrals, and observes that American statistics show that any loss in trade with Germany and Aus tria has been more than overbalanced by the increase of other Industrial activities due to the war. In the aei eral reply to the Ameri can representations against the or ders in council. Sir Edward Grey, the "^epdlfa minister, addressing Ambas sador Page, begins by expressing the hope that he may convince the ad ministration in Washington “that the measures we have announced are not only reasonable and necessary in themselves, but constitute no more than alT adaptation of the old prin ciple of blockade to the peculiar cir cumstances with which we are con fronted." Sir Edward then refers to alleged atrocities in Belgium poisoning of wells \h German Southwest Africa use of poisonous gases against the allied troops in Flanders, and finally, the sinking of the Lusitania, to show how indispensable it is that "we should leave unused no Justifiable method of defending ourselves." Coming down to the question of the allied blockade of neutral ports, the note continues: "In the various notes which I have received from your Excellency the right of a bel ligerent to establish a blockade of the enemy ports is admitted, a right wl\i$h has obviously no value save insofar as it gives power to a bel ligerent to cut off the sea-borne ex ports and imports of his enemy. “The contention which I under stand the United States government now puts forward is that if a bellig erent is so circumstanced that his commerce can pass through adjacent neutral ports as easily as through ports in his own territory, his oppo nent has no right to interfere, and - must restrict his measures of block ade in such a manner as to leave such avenues of commerce still open to his adversary. This is a conten tion which his Majesty’s government feels unable to accept, and which seems to them unsustainable in point of law or upon principles of inter national equity. “They are unable to admit that a belligerent violates any fundamental principle of international law by ap plying a blockade in such a way as to cut oq the enemy’s commerce with foreign countries through neutral ports, if thq, circumstances render such an application of principles of blockade the only means of making it effective. “The government of the United States, indeed, intimates its readi ness to take into account the great changes which have occurred in the conditions and means of naval war fare since the rules hitherto govern ing legal blockade were formulated, and recognizes that the form of close blockade with its cordon of ships in the immediate offing of the block aded ports is no longer practicable in the face of an enemy possessing the means and opportunity to make an effective defence, by the use of submarines, mines and aircrafts. “The only question, then, which can arise, in regard to the measures resorted to for the purpose of carry ing out a blockade upon these extend ed hnes is,- whether to use your Ex cellency’s words, they conform to the spirit and principles of essence of the rules of war and we shall be content to apply £hls test to the ac tion which we have taken insofar as /with ' municipal law in the form of orders in council. It finally cpmes to thO case of the steamer Zamora, in the pregen war. The British court de clared "the nations of the world need not be apprehensive that orders In council win. emanate from the gov ernment of this country in such viola tion of the acknowledged laws of nations that it is conceivable that our prize tribunal, holding the law of nations in reverence would feed called upon to disregard .and refuse obedience to the provisions of such orders.” * \ Sir Edward then points out that the legality of orders In council or HERMANS CLAIM CAPTURE 'OF 3,035,200 RUSSUNS Teutons Report 8,000 Cannon and 3,000 Maxims Captured Since the War Started. The German war njtinlster furnish es in connection with the first anni versary of the war interesting fig ures relating to the successes of the Central powers, says the Overseas News agency. The statement fol- for measures taken,under them, have! lows** not yet been brought to a decision "Prisoners of war taken In Galicia f ou ^’ but ho reminds the now m German camps and hospitals. United States that it is open to any or employed as workers, total, 938,- alm 181869: men captured in the campaign United States citizen whose claim , WVIUICU lllo wul , ttI6 u before the prize court to contend i a8 t week and on their way to camp that any order in council which may A - — — affect his claim is inSonsistent with numb££ 120,000; prisoners In Aus- .. ... ... , tria-Hungary, 636,543, making a the principles of international law gran d total of 1,695,412. and Is, therefore, not binding upon "Prisoners taken in Russia and the court. now j n Germany total 6,000 officers If the prize court declines to ac- an( j 720,000 non-commissioned offi- cept his contentions, and if, after cers an( j privetes; in Austria, 3,190 such a decision has been upheld upon officers and 610,000 non-commission- appeal the Judicial commerce of his ed officers and privates; total, 8,790 Majesty’s privy council, the govern- officers and 1,330,000 men. - ment of the United States coslder "German collecting stations re- that there is serious ground for hold- ceived up to the middle of June 5,- ing that the decision Is incorrect and 843 captured field guns and 1,556 infringes the rights of their citizens, machine guns. Many field pieces were It Is open to them to claim that it not delivered to these stations, but should be subjected to review by an | were kept with the troops and are 4 r> ♦ *•*-««+ al tvIKssn a 1 « v OV^ll not International tribunal." •' | being used against their for The Matamoros cases of civil war, ers. While exact ~ H has necessitated Interference »>neutral commerce.’' Sir Edward Grey then refers to the AawrtBM tiri! qt tnree „ thousand ml las of coast with a a umber dr kuuaeTf nnd recBTti -bow the ryited States finally took ve to blockading ‘neighboring territory, which offered coa- thst adapatlons of old rules should not be made unletts they are consist ent with the general principle upon which an admitted belligerent right is based. It la also essential that all unnecesaary injury to neutrals should be avoided. "With these conditions It may be safely affirmed that the steps we are taking to intercept commodities on their way to and from Germany fully comply. We are interfering with no goods with which we should be en titled to Interfere by blockade If the geographical position and the condi tions of Germany at present Were such that her commerce passed through her own porta. "We are taking the utmost pos sible care not to Interfere with com - merce genuinely destined for or proceeding from neutral countries Furthermore, we have tempered the severity with which our measures might press upon neutrals by not ap plying the rule which was Invariable In the old form of blockade, that ships and goods on their way to or from the blockaded area are liable to condemnation." The note reviews at some length various farms in which blockades have been maintained to show there has been no uniformity of practice in essential points, and declares "the one principle which Is fundamental and has obtained universal recogni tion is that by means of blockade a belligerent is entitled to cut off by ef fective means the sea-borne com merce of his enemy.” Consequently, Sir Edward argues. It Is impossible to maintain that the right of a belligerent to intercept the commerce of his enemy can be limited in the way suggested In the Ameri can notes on the subject. “There are many cases," he says, “in which proofs that the goods were enemy property would afford strong evi dence that they were of enemy origin or enemy destination and it is only in such cases that we are detaining them. Where proof of enemyowner- ship would afford no evidence of such origin or destination we are not In practice of detaining the goods.” Sir Edward’s note closes with the observation that “figures of recent months show that the increased op portunities afforded by the war for American commerce have more than compensated for the loss of the Ger man and Austrian markets. “We shall continue,” he says, “to apply these measures wif,h every desire to occasion the least possible amount of inconvenience to persons engaged in legitimate commerce.” In the supplemental note, which replies to the American caveat giving notice that the United States would not recognize the orders in council In lieu of international law. Sir Ed ward Grey writes ho does "not un derstand to what divergence of views as to the principles of law applica ble in cases before the prize court, the government of th& United States refers, for I am not aware of any dif ferences existing between the two countries as to the principles of law applicable in cases before such courts." Sir Edward compares the rules governing British prize courts to the rules applied by American courts, referring especially to the American case of the Amy Warwick before the United States Supreme Court, where it was held that "prize courts are subject to the instructions of their own sovereign. In the absence of such instructions their jurisdiction and rules of decision are to be ascer tained by reterence to the known powers of such tribunals and the principle by which they are governed under the public law and the practice figures then are cited to show that the Unit- ‘ available, it is estimated that ed States Supreme Court held it had 8,000 guns and 3,000 machine the right to reverse prize court de- have been captured.’’ cislons, and that “there was no doubt 1 ♦ ♦ ^ of jurisdiction of an International DIICC MAY CAVF WARSAW tribunal to review the decisions of •'U* 3,3 l’»A I 3AYC YYAIWAYY prize courts of the United States where the parties alleging themselves , aggrieved had prosecuted their ap-1 peals to the ‘Court of Last Resort.' “If the United States should be dissatisfied with British prize court decisions as sustained by the privy council, the British government U prepaid to act in concert with the! United States “in order to decide' London, Wednesday: Rearguard upon the best wav of applying the fighting of the Rassians to the north- princlple to the situation which we8t 0 f Warsaw has proved so effec- would then have arisen. t jve that the German tide seems to To the American note in the raae SAYS LONDON DISPATCH 4 Allies Increasingly Hopeful That Pol ish Capital May Escape Its Impending Capture. li HAVE A SKIN WITH- OUT A BLEMISH I ZEMERINE, THE MARVELOUS REMEDY FOR ECZEMA, ITCH, PIMPLES, RING WORM TETER, ETC., RELIEVES SUFFERING AND ACTS QUICKLY x v" ► p is If your face, is disfigured by ugly pimples or your body tortured by itching eczema, give Zemerine a trial. It brings (\uick relief to the terrible itching, the desire to scratch asses away, and healing becomes possible. Zemerine is used and recommended by many prominent physicians as a specific for the treatment of diseases of the skin, and has . — « to its credit many cases of wonderful cures. 50c and $1.00 at all drug gists* Or by mail direct from ZEMERINE CHEMICAL CO. ORANGEBURG, S. C maHTy demanded the expeditlon.<i re- leane of the American-owned good" detained under the order* in council “the invalidity of which the govern ment of the United States regards as plainly illustrated by the present in stance.” Great Britain replied that “while these acts of the German gov ernment continue (sinking neutral as well as British merchant ships, irre spective of destination or origin of cargo, and without proper regard for safety of passengers or crewa), it seems neither reasonable nor just that his Majesty’s .government shotlld be pressed to abandon the righta claimed in the British note, and to allow goods from Germany to pass freely through waters effectively pa trolled by British ships of war.” Great Britain offers, however, to make a special examination in the Neches case if hardship has been in flicted. The British reply, in short Is a declinathm to allow free passage to goods originating In Germany or a territory under German control. The general cargo of the Neches originat ed in Belgium. - . . . . have been he'd up, while to the south MeM Marwhal-voTncrantenseB B forces pushing north from Lublin are being badly batte>d The only Austro-German progress on the eastern front Is toward Riga in the extreme north,’ and before Ivangorod. The hope that the Polish capital may yet be saved la becoming stronger among the allies. The German press explains that with the dally lengthening of com munications, the problem of trans port and relnforcementa becomes more ' mplicated. which accounts for the delay BIT BY RAHLESNAKE; GIRL DIES IN 24 HOURS by the newspapers, however. ' German emperor and hla consort, ported on their wsy to Warsaw ft triumphant entry, have had to post pone the completion of their trip. able to endure a week longer— the dispatch was written four ago—the evacuation may be avoided normal. BANKS WILL BE ASSESSED Walterboro Tot of Two Years Bitten by Male Rattler Tliat Struck %* Without Warning. The two-year-old daughter of Mrs. Annie Garris of Round. Colleton Colleton county, met with a horrible death MonJay. the result of a rattle snake bite on Sunday. The child, It seems, was going down a patch in some weeds and the snake apparent ly was lying across the path, the child stepping on it. The strike was fair, hitting.the child in the large toe, and making a deep wound, from which blood was pouring when assistance came. The leg was corded, prolonging the life of the child for twenty-four hours. Had this not been done, the doctors state, death would have re sulted in ten minutes. The snake was a male, and the male rattlesnake, unlike the female, has no rattles, thus giving no warning of its deadly strike. When it was attempted to kill the snake it put up a fierce fight, and two men were required to kill it, and then with considerable danger to themselves. This is the first fatality of its kind in the county for several years, and the age of the child makes it the more sad. * , Tax CommlHHion Continue* Akmhb- nient* Until Supreme Court Acta. Eugene B. Gary, chief justice < the Supreme Court, Thursday signe Una. The commission will proce with its work until the matter finally determined by the full c preme court. and the writ of mandamus signet several days ago at Laurens by R. £ Watts, associate justice. The orders stay the proceedings it the cases of the Peoples Xationa Bank of Greenville, "in behalf of it self and all other banks in this state,’ against the tax commission, cases will be argued at the Noi term of the supremo court. Germany Expresses -Regret. The German government has fered to pay damages for the sinl of the Norwegian steamer Minerva, which was sunk in May. Three Children Burned. Three children were burned, eight j cottages were destroyed by fire, and j three others dynamited to save prop erty in a fire whieh raged at Lake I Delavr.n, a cummer resort near Del-i ayan^ Wis. *— ^ Russian Ijosses Admittedly Heavy. Petrograd reports Wednesday that the Russianjosses in defending War saw “were very heavy, but our troobs are making a valiant resistance to the enemys. plan to deal a severe blow from the Narew line.’ — ♦ ♦ » Big Rain in New York. New York streets were turned into yellow rivers Wednesday morhing by a deluge of three inches of rain in four hours. Wires and traffic lines were badly damaged. We develop, make, print, and return your work in twenty-four hours All work guaranteed. Try us. CULLER FILM COMPANY Box 325.* Phone 170. ORANGEBURG, 8. C. that tha principles applied by J the prise courts of two Sbuntiles are identical." The supplemental nets then pro- ceeda i«. demonstrate the practicabili ty of a prise court beta* governed by ‘ |»v at the aame time ty Sell Your Hides at Home B< * f nBb *- —d il ket Check by return mail at big beet market prices Write or telephone' to me for Information. WISLEW. MARTIN Classified Column and Farmers ^ - Exchange Brown Leghorn Eggs—51 pei C. W. Reed. Hertford. N. C. Barred Hocks For Hale—Heat in lb* South. Eggs (2 per 15. rotes: Grove. King, N. C. ' \ i a i Pbatuon an principr.l of good school by University of Geor gia graduate; young, man; four year’s experience teaching. Address A- W. Meredith, Anderson, S. C. KgK»—America's best strain Buff Or pingtons. Hating list free. 1C. L Green, Tarboro, N. C. White Orpington*—Hundred breed era, eggs galore. Midnight Poultry Farms, Asheboro, N C. [ Htacy*’ Poultry Yard*, Amalia, Va , Barred Rocks exclusively. Stock and eggs at reasonable prlcee. 1 ItcgiMtered O. 1. CL Pig* for Hale— The large prolific kind C. A. El- liotte, Charlotte, X. C., Route 29. ! Wanted—A first class blacksmith; with family to move here, steady work. Write A. A. Belk. ML Grog- , ban, S. C. For Hale—Seed peas Brabham and mixed, Looxout Mountain (tall) Irish Potatoes. Otis Brabham. Al lendale S. C. For S»«e—60 extra flue Poland China pigs All eligible to register and best breeding. Dr. S. J. Summers £ Sou«. Cameron, 8. C. Barred Rock—Fine $3 and 55 cock ertta at $2 for the rest of tb* aea toi. Sitting eggs, $1 .-tr 15. Mrs B. T. Smith, Carnesvllle, Ga. For Sale—Small Tractor for plawin* and harvesting good as new, guar an ter-i—by manufacturer. Aoswet quit*. Box 12, Charlotte, N. C. _ - - - ... _ Eggs from Single Comb Rbode Is land Red matings of quality. Heav> winter layers. $2 per 15. Carvei ^ Strain. C. M. Waff. Franklin, Va. Single Comb Brown liegborn*— Heavy winter layers. Eggs and bab> chicks, prices reasonable. Thos Donaldson, Route 8, Charlotte, N. C S. C. Buff Orpington eggs for hatch ing. Cook strain and imported stock. Write for prices rod matin* list. Claude F. Deal, Landis, N. C. For Rent—In ewberry, S. C., brick store and rooms on Main street with all modern conveniences. Apply to Mrs. R. L. Paysinger, Newberry, S. C. Marry—Large list of wealthy mem bers wishing early marriage. Con fldentlal description free. Reliab'i club. Mr*. Wiubel, Box 26. Oak land, Cal. Single Comb White yearling Leghorn hens, 80c each; not old hens, but those in their prime. Better “land” some of them quickly. J. L. May, Prosperity, S. CT Agents Wanted In every county to sell new Household articles. Big margin to hustling men and women. Sells like hot cakes. Write Franz Co., Dept. R, Bunnell, Fla. White’Wyandottee—My birde won ai Slats Fair, Spartanburg, Darlington and National White Wyandotte Stats cup for boat display at Ches ter. W. J. Causey/ Columbia, 8. C Breeze Point, Saluda, N. C., conven- lently located, modern improve ments, fare good; terms reasonable. For f rther Information, apply to - An. C, R. Ilgrrla. Heathwood Pit Games, color black breasted reds,' yellow legs: good layers; very beautjftil; and red ley, Sloania, G*.„ R. F. b. No. 1. For Hale—Five-passenger Bulck. Looks good. Excellent shape. Two new tlret, others good. 5290 buys it. Address Box 147, Cameron, 8. C. Egge— Barsed* Rocss from select t»ens, 51 per setting. Buff Leg horns, oeautlfui plumage, 51.25 ner Mrs. J. F. Coleman. Fa!?- setting. y HC - Marry—Tl larry—Thousands wealthy. will marry at once, alt ages, nationali ties, religion, description* tree. Western Club, Rx268 Market, San Franscisco, Cal. Fifteen egg* for gl from exhibition stock Black and Buff Orpingtons. Ha. red Plymouth Rocks. Rhode Is land Reds and White Leghorn*. Satisfaction guaranteed. Jasper Fletcher. McColl, S. C. Haw Millie—5150 and up; lath *nd shingle machines, wood saws and splitters, steam and gasoline en gines, pumps, pipes, fittings. Gal vanized pip* and roofing, ixmbard iron Works, Augusta. Ua. White Cornlah and White I/rghoras —The greatest meat and egg breeds. Stock and egga from grand sweep- stake wlnneis. Also trained bea gles. John L. Jolly, McCormick. «. V>* Personal—Mail me your jrj?To*Taph and 51.40 and I will make you & 16x20 High Grade Pastel Portrait of same, delivered by parcel post. 21 years experience, satisfaction guaranteed. Agents wanted. Owens Portrait Artist, Hogansvillc, Ga. Buy a Geiger Thresher—Because it Is a goad one. Not too heavy. Dur able, large capacity. Cleans tha grain. Reasonable in price. Light gas tractors, engines, corn milla saw mills. ; Everything in machin ery. Cummings Machinery Agency. 1216 Main St., Columbia, 8 C. ant Vandivers Heavy Fruiting Cot- on' Seed—Will produce 1-3 more .ban any other variety In exlstencet Big boll with five locks to boll: makes a good sample. Opens before frost; easy picker. Write to E. S Griffin, Greenville, S. C„ Route 3. Eggs, Eggs, Eggs, from Black and White Orpingtons and Mottled An- conas, fine large birds, excellent layers, eggs 11.50 pe* 15. From Sjplect pens, 52 per 15, $3.50 per 30. ..Sattafactlon guaranteed. Win. G Llbrecht, Box 425, , 'harl''ston. 8 C Silver Campine Eggs, balance season, 42; 8. C. White Leghorn eggs, $1.50. Both varieties winners wherever shown, and heavy layers of large white eggs., A few breed ers for sale at war /prices! C. W. Anderson, Spartanburg, S. C. Same Time and Money, ordering the best Baby Chick and Developing Feed from us. Butter boxes, egg crates, leg bands, trap nests, ship ping coops, hoppers, founts, reme dies and sprays. For prices write Spartanburg Poultry Supply Co.. Spartanburg, 8. C. 11 For Rent—The large store room for merly occupied by the W, P. Roof Department Store, in the town of Lexington, S. C. Store room 60x50 feet with two large plati glass display windowa on the froat.w T£* most desirable site and build-. 'or Sale- - Rad and Whit* Splashed. Carneaax, mated handed and work- lag. 52 a pair. Touagstora, S to 4 ■maths old. 5he S.