Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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the sender or tddreesess, that they relate to a transaction, whether In! contraband or non-contraband, to which a resident In an enemy coun try (s one of the parties. LITHE BRITISH CENSORS DO' £ ceptions, retired naval and military officers, many of whotd were in com mercial life when the war came. Like the cable ^ censorship, the postal censorship is 1 designed to exer cise a supervision with the least pos sible interference with legitimate correspondence. All mails which have to be censored are subjected to a slight delay, but harmless letters, the memorandum points out, are stopped, even when coming enemy country or addressed t son known to be an enemy,/A letter in code or “secret” writing has not a dhance to get by censor, even though it IS apparent that the mes sages have nothing to do with the war. The censor has found that letters come uhder three’ general classifica tions. There are those of prisoners war in Great Britain and those the foun- 50,000 TELEGRAMS A DAY Force of Officials at Work Day and Night Regulating > the Flow of News and Safeguarding Military Secrets Being Published When They Might Help the Enemy. Copies of the memorandum on the British censorship, which was pre sented to both Hpuses of Parliament by command of King George, have reached this country. The pamphlet ^ explains the system of censorship from British priSonefs employed by Great Britain as well as the methods of the Official Press Bureau. • — . The censorship, the government in forms parliament, ur'one of several instruments designed to prevent in formation of military value reaching the enemy. Pains are being taken to do this with as little interference as possiblawith the transmission of cor- reanyjniehee or the publication of fiejp if m ^ilirthe couAe of the present war,” the Ynemofainlum says, “it has be come apparent that in censorship there lay to hand a weapon the full value of which was not perhaps an ticipated prior to the war and which can be used to restrict commercial tries at war. The second classification is the private letters and these are from members of the British expeditionary force and from persons within the war area; letters and parcels to and from foreign countries, and press messages sent by mail and news papers. In this branch more than a ton of mail matter is censored each week, and this does not include the. parcels. The third class is the commercial correspondence with foreign coun tries, and this is dealt with in the trade branch, and amounts to nearly four tons each week. letters coming directly from the area of military operations are in J « l or persons residing in enemy coun- ♦ries.” Under the existing system the cen sorship is divided into two main de partments, the censorship of private and commercial communications, un der the army council, and the press bureau. The latter department came sud denly Into existence last August and for a time the censors worked WTfh- out rules, simply acting on tbe gen eral instructions Issued by tbe war office and the admiralty. The importance of the bureau gre .v wiin its size and It was soon found expedient to iroVve to larger quar ters in the Service Institute. White hall. About this time it was found] van uc uatui tu ic&liivi vuLuuivi viai . —- # * and financial transactions intended! niost cases censored locally, under for the benefit of enemy govertiments | orders of tl»e field marshal or gen eral officer commanding In chief the British forces In the field. Those that appear to have escaped the censor are sent by the post office to the cen sors in London. ' The transmission of newspapers in bulk betweeu foreign countries and publishers and news agents of note is not subject to restriction. There Is no restriction on the sale of news- papere from the enemy's country in England. **■ '*'■ “Among the critics of the postal censorship, as among those of the cable censorship,” says the report, “there appear to be two opposite and irreconcilable ideals of censorship. Complaints are sometimes received from the recipients of censored let- necessary to place under the press i ters that their letters can only have bureau the censorship of press cables, been opened out of idle curiosity. The staff of the press bureau con- Others, again, complain that the sists of the director, who Is Sir Stan- censored letters should never have ley Buckmaster, solicitor general; [ l> een permitted to reach them if the two assistant directors, a secretary. <™»»orshlp were efficiently perform- and about fifty censors. These cen- * <1 - 1* may, therefore, be re- sors are naval officers, military cen- cording that curiosity is uau»Uy ex- sors, who are senior captains attach- tlngulshed after a short period of em- ed to the general staff, and civilians, ployment as censor, and that the cen- The latter are appointed by the dlrec-, *° r * # re n °l Instructed to assume tor and Include former employees of, I* 1 ® 1 l' 0 *!.,. 6 the civil service, barristers and Jour nallsts. The censor* Inspect all press mat ter which conies to the bureau and because of the press of this business have to work In day and night shlfta^ By government order all press cable messages to, from or through London are diverted by the post office and the cable companies Into the censor’s office. Messages sent Into the bureau also include inland press telegrams if they, even in the slightest way. re fer to the war. To facilitate the passage of mat-' ter through the hands of the censor a tube has been put into operation between the press bureau and the central telegraph office. As soon as a message is filed it is rushed through and possibly abusive letter by a Brit tsh subject will undermine tbe loyal ty of the recipient." LONDON REPORTS PET ON THE BATTLEFRONT Diplomatic Relations Gain Attention of People—Turkey Treating With Bulgaria. London says Wednesday that Rus sia’s reply to the brilliant series of Austro-German victories in Gsiicia is a law setting up a board of munitions empowered to spend unlimited money a message .» .i.«- u and given virtually unrestricted pow- the tube, censored and dispatched bp nvpr .. nrlvnfn nvAr , hp 6 back to the telegraph or cable office, and the memorandum Instances as proof of the speedy work of the cen sor that only six minuses is taken to make the trip and return. “The submission of other press matter by the newspapers is volun tary,” the report contlnuesX.Those who publish without submission do so on their own responsibility aniU subject to the penalties provided for ^ breach of the regulations under the j ,j er separating Russian Poland and Defense of the Realm act. The great- j Q a n C i at the attention of the English er part of the press submit a large pumic again is turned toward diplo- er over all private industries over the whole of the country. It is reported from Petrograd that the creation of the board became law with an alacrity that was astounding and which is taken to indicate that Russia fully realiz that the recent disasters to the forces of Grand Duke Nicholas largely were due to lack of munitions and equipment. -Qomparative quiet prevailing on all ie fronts except that along the bor- €> amount of matter dealing with naval and military operations, questions of foreign policy, and like matters, to the bureau. Maps, diagrams, and photograps are also commonly submitted. The voluntary nature of the censorship accounts for many complaints, which , are caused by some newspapers pub lishing, without submission, matter which others on submission were pre vented from publishing.” Up to the time of presenting the memorandum the bureau had issued 200 orders of instruction to the newspapers, These are private and are issued at the request of the ad miralty or the war office. The bureau distributes also all official statements issued by any branch of, the govern ment, siieh as casualty lists, foreign office dispatches, and seat of war nar ratives. The objects of the Cable censorship is thus summed up: To prevent as sistance being given to the enemy; to prevent the spread of false reports likely to cause dissatisfaction or to interfere with naval or military suc cess or likely to prejudice relations with foreign powers; to collect and distribute to the several government departments • information derived from the censorship that may be of use to them; to deny the uje of cables to persons or firms for com mercial transactions intended to ben efit the enemy, and to interfere as little as .possible with legitimate Brit ish or neutral trade. - ^ the influence of the chief cable censor is far-reaching, tor through bis service he not only control* some 120 cable and wireless stations in va- ■rious parts of the empire, but he controls in tbe United Kingdom mes sages sent over tbe sables of private cable companies ss well ss those transmitted over tbs govsrnment wires. * It Is matic and domestic problems Special dispatches from the Bal kans declare Bulgaria is hot dissl fled with the territory offered her by the entente allies. That Turkey has not lost hope of conciliating her dan gerous neighbor, however, is shown by the news that Bulgaria-Turkish negotiations looking to delimitation of the frontiers of their respective countries will be resumed in Constan tinople. Rumors of a break in the diplo matic relations between Italy and Turkey agaih are rife. With the ex ception of the French claim that they have recovered all the trenches the Germans had re-captured in the Vos ges, no change in the military situa tion on the western battle line is re ported. ibamador Gerard Cables State 4 De partment Indiejtting Favorable Re ly From Germany in Submarine Trouble—Dispatch Not Published But Officials are Optomlstic. A favorable reply by Germany to the last American note On submarine warfare is indicated in state depart ment advices from Berlin received in Washington Monday. The advices came from Ambassa dor Gerard and were the first of a definite nature received since the American note reached the German foreign office. . 4— The exact natufe of the ambassa dor’s message was not divulged. His dispatch was of sufficient detail, how ever, to put officials in an optimistic attitude. It was acommunicated at once to President Wilson at tbe sum mer White House at Cornish. Ambassador Geraid based his ob servations on the favorable effect which the visit of Dr. Anton Jileyer- Gerhard,, emissary of Count Bern- storff, producted on Berlin officials. Dr. Gerhard was understood by Ambassador Gerard to have reported that public opinion in the United States had been growing more and more favorable to Germany when the sinking of the Lusitania undid what had been accomplished. Gerhard made it. clear also that the United States did not want war, but wanted a satisfactory reply to its representa tions. German officials are eager, accord ing to Ambassadpr Gerard’s report, to give such an answer, but at the same time they have made it clear that.Germany can not make any con cessions which would destroy the ef fectiveness of the submarine as an of fensive weapon. It is understood Germany is try Ing to find some method by which Americans traveling on ships primar ily used for passenger traffic shall be safe while the submarine continues to be used In attacking belligerent freight ships carrying chiefly contra band. Just whst proposal Germany will make to accomplish thr.t object, offi cials can not conjecture, but from the fad that Germany seems to be wlll- Ing-lo safeguard the rights of Amerl- cans who travel on ships of any na- tio'nality primarily engaged in pas senger trains, an adherence to the principles expressed in the'American note—the non-combatents should be Immune from attack—would seem, in the opinions of offioiils In Washing ton. to be recognized. No information has been received on what the attitude of Germany will be toward assuming liability for loss of American lives on the Lusitania, but the feeling prevails that if a sat isfactory arrangement can be made as to the future Germany will sug gest a basis for a favorable adjust ment of the Lusitania case as well Berlin reports that the report of Dr. Anton Mcyer-Gerhard, special representative of Ambassador Bem- storff. to the officialc charged with drafting the German answer to the American second note with reference to the Lusitania disaster and safety of neutrals on the high seas, indi cated the seriousness of the situation Dr. Meyer-Gcrhard reported the sentiment of the United States had prior to the Lusitania’s sinking, been growing somewhat more favorable from the German viewpoint, and par ticularly more favorable regarding the prohibition of the export of mupi tions of war to the allies. The sinking of the Lusitania, how ever, undid all this. The state of feeling in the United Stales at the present time, as Dr. Meyer-Gerhard is reported to understand it, was such that it would not be satisfied with un necessary delay in forwarding the an swer, nor with an answer which ap peared evasive or failed to meet the sue squarely. Statistics show that at least forty United States Department of Agri culture' Officials Give Instructions | About Keeping np Grassy Plots. Improving an old lawn is & very] much more difficult problem than I establishing a new one. In many [ cases It is impracticable to attempt the improvement of an old lawn that is in bad condition, say the special ists of the United States department of agricuitur’e. However, if a rea sonably good turf obtains, it is pos-|P®r cent, of humanity have.Ectema sible to better it materially by re- in some form or other. Though non- seedings, fertilizing and watering. In contagious, it spreads rapidly, add is the majority of cases Improvement | a very distressing affllctlOR. There is desired in the spring, since at this are several kinds of Eczema, as wet season many bare spots are in evi- a^id dry, acute and chronic, tetter, (fence as the result of the preceding acne, pimples, salt rheum, itch, ring- wint.er. If the areas to bs improved I worm, burning, hives, etc. are small, they can be handworked and reseeded with little difficulty, If The success of Kemerine in com- they r are large, it hT usually advis- bating Eczema in all of Its forms had able to spade them up, work thor- been absolute sinces its first intro- oughly, and seed, as in tbe^caBe or| ductio, i to the public. It is used and starting a new lawn. I recommended by physicians of un- When the stan« of grass is thinh"^ 1 ^ 1 ® , a ® a ,,?P eclflc over the entire lawn or a greater * ga ast the tortu res of this distress- THE FIRST APPLICATION OF ZEIVEMNE STOPS TIE BUfeNINi AND ITCHING, ALLAYS THE PAIN. AND HEALING BE COMES POSSIBLE. WRITE FOR FREE SAMPLE < CARRIES WAR SUPPLIES "f. White Star Liner Sails With Ammu nition and passengers. Carrying a heavy cargo of war munitions for tbe allies the White Star, liner Adriatic sailed from New York Wednesday for Liverpool/ Be sides its ammunition the liner car ries a passenger list of over three hundred persons, among whom are five Americans. Other prominent passAigers include Robert Borden tbe premier of Canada, who is going to Europe presumably to confer with the head of the empire. Extraordi nary^ precautions are to be taken to safeguard tbe liner from submarine attacks when It reaches the danger zone. 8&il TWO BtUp* to Bottom. neth and Gjeso were suok Wriffifesday by A German submarine Thirteen of tbe crew of the first' wsa landed end eight ethers who ware Germans The G)aso was 2tt f the portion of it, a special seeder equip ped with small disks has been found I very satisfactory for cutting tho seed ing disease. Eczema may occur as a single tiny spot, or a number of scattered spots. Into the sod and thereby producing | or ma y ev en cover the body from favorable conditions for germination head foot. But, whatever its form, and subsequent growth. In the early, t j ie m08 f distressing symptom is itch spring, however, the soil is usually lnp Xhi8 itching is often so severe that the sufferer has to scratch until the blood comes, even though few knows -acatchlng increases the in flammation. It Is usually worse nt night, sleep is frequently impossible, and the nerves and general health may be seriously affected. Zemerine is not a "cure all,” hot we postlvely know from experience that, if used according to directions. It will cure any case of eczema, whether of short or of long standing. Zemerine stops Itching and acta quickly. Give Zemerinc A fair trial and we feel confident that you will be one among many who are praising Zemerinc. by druggists es, ffttfr WRITE FOR LIBERAL FREE SAMPLE ZEMERINE CHEMICAL COMPANY ORANGEBURG. SOUTH CAROLINA 1 //%, TURKS LOSE TRENCHES, SAYS A BRITISH REPORT Athens Says Defenders at Darda nelles Facing Exhaustion— » Many Are Dead. A British official statement, issued Wednesday dealing with the opera tions in the Dardanelles announces that two lines of Turkish trenches have been Captured to the east of Saghir Dere and that three lines have l>een stormed to the west of that place. The plan of operations on June 28 was to throw forward the left of Gen. Sir Ian Hamilton’s line southeast of Krithig. and t establish a new line, facing last on the ground gained, capturing in succession two lines of Turkish trenches east of Saghir Dere and five lines to the west. “All and more than hoped for from the opera tions has been gained.” '' A^Havas dispatch from Athens re ceived in Paris Wednesday says the exhaustion of the Turks fgeing the French forces o& the Gallipoli penin sula is evident, and leads to the be lief that the Turkish position at Krithia soon with be Ukeh-^y as sault. In a recent French ad-vance, it la' added, six thousand Turks were found dead in the trenches 6n the front tafcwn> Recent fighting in tbe loose r.s a result of the freezing and thawing and is in sufficiently open condition to permit the seed to be covered with little difficulty. After seeding, if the ground has become quite dry, rolling is usually benefi cial. Care should be taken when mowifig or watering the newly seed ed areas to avoid disturbing the young grass. This caution always applies in a measure tp fall seeding, although there is not isol much dan ger of damage in this way at this season. I The management of the lawn after it is once established Is an extreme ly important matter, and there are a few general practices.|hat should be followed carefully. Beginning in the early spring, the.first thing to do is to remove with a rake tho top dress ing that has been applied the fall before. After removing this it is usually advls-ble to apply some fer tilizer. even though the soil is already reasonrbly fertile, one of the very I The point to be borne in mind is that best fertilizers for the lawn In the ground should be thoroughly sat- spring is nitrate of,soda, but on ac-1 urated at each application to at least count of its quick action and its raus- three inches in depth, tic effect extreme caution should be While weed enemies of the lawn used in Its application. Five pounds] a re troublesome throughout the of nitrate of soda are sufficient for growing season, they are ~particalsr- 1,000 square feet of lawn, rnd if ap-1 ly so from the latter part of June plied in solution with the watering until frost. During this period crab pot and the grass then thoroughly grass is by far the worst weed pres- watered with a hose, there Is little e nt. There Is no rpaliy satisfactory danger of scalding. Bone meal. Is method of checking its growth, and probably the best commercial fertili- the only treatment to be recommend- zer to use on a lawn, considering the ed is to cut or pull the plants before danger from tho misuse of nitrate they have formed large mats. This of soda. Bqne meal can be used is a very tedious and expensive prac- wtthout taking any special caution in I tire, but where a good l*wn Is tn- its application, as it Is in no way in- volved the results justify tbe expense, jurtous to the grass. Eight pounds Rstlonsl fertilizing snd careful wat- to 1,000 square feet Is a libera) ap- ering during the summer help to plication. Any commercial fertilizer overcome the effect of weeds. Cbeml that is used should be applied early cal sprays or treatments have proved In the spring, vhen the grass begins to be of very little assistance. Much to grow. In fact, bone meal ran be difficulty la experienced in cutting used to advantage every month d*ir- crab grass with the ordinary mower ing the growing season, except per- on account of its semiproatrata char haps July and August. Fertilizing acter. This difficulty can be over- through the season is espe tally ben- come to a certain extent if a rake is eflclal In keeping the grass stlmulat- used in. conjunction with the mower, ed at times when it would otherwise By me^ns of the rake the branches be more or less inactive. Pulverized of the grass may be lifted so that limestone as a top dressing is very I they can be clipped reasonably close, helpfu'. and an application of this rit is almost impossible, however, to substance can be made cither In the I cut crab grass sufficiently close to fall, winter, or spring. Lime cor- prevent the formation of seed reels the acidity of the surface soil There are many other weeds that and is useful In checking the growth are troublesome in the lawn not only of mocs and various other plants that | n the spring but also in tbe sum- are detrimental to the grass. nier and autumn. Among the most There is no hard end fast rule to important ones are dandelion, plan- be followed in connection with mow- tain, chickweed, oxtye daisy, and ing the lawn, but clipping twice a yarrow. While chemical sprays are week is not apt to injure it, and will more effective in the eradication of induce the formation of a good turf, these weeds than in the case of crab Too frequent clipping, however, is a grass, the best method of preventing drain on the vitality of the grass and their development is te remove them frequently results In injury. with a spud or Blmi|^4lmplement. There is some difference of opinion T&4 weed probleni\fl perhaps best as to whether clippings should be re- be solved by maktnlr the conditions moved after mowing, but In general as favorable as possible for the lawn their removal is advised, especially grasses and by maintaining a strict during wet weather, since if left to watch at ail times to check the lie on the surface they are condu- growth of the troublesome weeds at cive to the growth of molds, which the beginning. At the end of the in turn produce injury to the tnrf. growing season before the severe On new seedings, however, or where weather of winter arrives the lawn the grass is thin, clippings can fre- should be given a good top-dressing quently be allowed to remain with of well-rotted barnyard manure. If benefit the manure is not well rotted, it is Now seedings should not be clip- l‘ keI / to introduce an abundance of the hot I wee< i seed, which will ultimately Zemeirine is sold everywhere in two sizes,'‘ffftt cents and oi.e dollar, or will be sent post paid on receipt of price by the manu facturers. Remember, Eczema is ons of the hardest things in the world to treat, and every application you miss means time lost. Sell Your Hides at Home Butcher* and Beef (Tube, send me your Hides aad get Check by return mail at highest market prices. Write or telephone to me for information. WISLE W. MARTIN Tanner aad Leather Dealer, COLUMBIA, H. a PRESS RUSSIANS HARD ; COST IN LIFE IS GREAl Germans and Austrians treating River Rug. ? The Germans snd Austrians are pressing the Russians hard in their retreat through northeastern Galicia and southern Russian Polsad toward ths river Bug. 1 The energy of tho pursuit, however, is costing the Tea- tonic forces dear, according to Petro- grsd statements, which meatkm enormous losses" inflicted oa tho enemy. Berlin reports Wednesday via Lon don: The Ruaeiana have began a re treat from the Vistula river aad tho district of Zamosz, southeast of Lub lin, In Russian Poland, according to the official statement issued Wednes day by ths German army headfuar- ters st \ff. The Austrians, although well occu pied in the Oaliciaa campaign, are not neglecting to keep a sharp wateh on the Italian front, reports from tho Tyrol and Trentino districts mention-* ing notable activity of the Austrian artlllry. Italy’s forces ars making slow headway on the Isonso, unfavor able atmospheric conditions interfer ing with operations. .German submarines have claimed two more victims, the Norwegian ves sel Gjeso and Cambusskehneth. Mytliene advices ssy a British gun boat bombarded ths Turkish porta of Chesmeh, Lidia and Aglella, destroy ing petroleum depots and aavcral ves sels. CZAR EXHORTS RUSSIANS; , ENEMY MUST BE CRUSHED ped closely, and during Expresses Faith la His People aad Expects AH to Work in Com-, plete Harmony. Petrograd reports via London weather of mid-summer and early | cause considerable teoubte. Top fall the mower should be set high for dressing not only adds fertility to old and new grass alike. The roller tk ® «oil but gives the grass protec- should be used discreetly. New grass t*® 11 duri “ g t J}® s«v® re weather of is frequently benefited by a light winter and thd freezing and thawing rolljng after the first cutting. Oidl of ear ly spring sod should be rolled in the spring to firm the surface that has been loos ened by freezing and thawing, but during midseason it ts very doubtful if the lawp should be rolled even lightly, especially where the soil is of a heavy nature. There are probably more mistakes made in connection with the water ing of the lawn than in any other phase of its management. The prac tice of sprinkling as it is almost uni- INTERRUPTS ASQUITH i- Member Creates Stir by Asking for Premier’s Anthority. by Emperor Nicholas in connectioi with the formation of the Russian board of military supplies, expresses unshakable assurance in the brilliant future of the Russian people and pro ceeds: “A prolonged war calls ever for fresh efforts, but surmounting tho growing difficulties and parrying the vicissitudes inevitable in war let vs strengthen our hearts, resolved to carry on the struggle -with the help of $jpd to a complete triumph of Rus sian arms. The enemy must be crushed, for Premier Asquith to ask authority for , j . a statement about the lack, of ammu- versally followed is fundamentally ] n m 0 n. The premier made the state- ■frrqng) not that the sprinkler does | TOen ^ that the source of ammunition not furnish enough water to the grass had not hampered the empire. Sir during the season but that U does A Marham interrogated the speaker not furnish it in properly distributed aB i[ e< i .him his authority for the quantities. Sprinkling a znort I gtatement jj e intimated that the period may appear to wet the sod ag8er tj on was without foundation, thoroughly, but in reality the water threw the House into M®at con- does not penetrate much below the | fusion. The premier refused to aa- surface. This encourages ths for* BW er the question. A riotous scene ensued in the Brit ish House of Commons Monday after noon when a member interrupted without that peace Is impossible. With firm faith in the Inexhaust ible strength of Russia I expect th« mation of surface roots and makes 'the grass less resistant to severe conditions of weather and useage. Except in rare cases, the lawn should not be-tralered oftener than governmental and public institutions of Russian Industry and all the faith ful sons of the fatherland, without distinction of ideas or classes, will work in harmony to satisfy ths : of our valiant army. * . ' ‘This is the only and henesforth the national problem to which be directed ail thought of Hi Russia, Invincible in 'her unity British Aevowaut Killed. Flight Lieutenant Watson of the British navy wap killed Wednesday The Norwegian ships Cambussken- Dardanelles baa-resulted In an appre-| two nt- threa UnfcsAwcek, provided ] when his ■achlas fsii a distance of th and Gjesowere sunk Wednesday eta trie advance by the Allies, the die- watering is dons prS^ecM. A thor- 0YB f * tb usand set. Veterans fbr Wilson. The Spanish-Ameriess war ana of Indiana hava President Wilson policy'“t* to