The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, May 27, 1915, Image 2
VAR SOON TO BEGIN
WIAT AUSTRIA OFFERED
TV KEEP ITALY NEUTRAL
ITALY PREFAHNR LAST MPIA
IATK FOUALMIES
_■( , |
Bethauuu-Hollwek OmlUaca Comm*
•Iob*—-Italiaa OkbAaet CfcooMt
War or Pmch Thnradaf.
SENATE VOTES FOR WAR
HooeAvM Upper HoaM'a Au
to Oraat oi War Power* oa
Friday—Diplomatic Immaaity of
Hm Aaatrian and Germaa Ambaa-
to tha Tati ran Snapended.
Xhe bill introduced by Premier Sa-
landra in tbe house of deputies
Thursday was passed by the Italian
Seoata Friday. It grants the govern-
meat full power for the conduct of
tha war. Wild masses on the streets
of thp city celebrated the approach
of war reckless fashion, unmolest
ed by troops or policemen.
Tbs Pope, it was announced, is
grief stricken orer his failure to pre
serve peace with the central empires
and Italy. He spent the night read
ing the Green Book, issued by the
Italian government justifying its en
trance into the war. Afterwards be
expressed the opinion that hostilities
were inevitable.
Signor Tjlliana, attache of the
Italian embassy at Constantinople,
^ arrived in Rome frum his post Fri
day. Signor Talliana declared that
the Turks have become convinced of
the inevitable fall of their capital.
They have concluded to sue for im
mediate peace should 'Bulgaria and
Roumania join the allies. They will
renounce the German alliance and
sue for immediate peace.
Under such circumstances the
Turks will offer free passage of the
Dardanelles^^
* fleet am! will do their 11 rmMtftrpre
vent the surrender of Constantinople
to the Russians. They are said to
fear reprisals which will follow as
the Russians are worked up over
Turkish treatment of their Russian
prisoners after the Caiyasus cam
paign
A dj^atch to the Exchange Tele
graph Company of Ix>ndon says
“Premier Balandra Friday morning
obtained the royal signature to a de
cree suspending the diplomatic im
munity of the Austrian and German
ambassadors to the Vatican, who
leave to-morrow.’’ Tbe premier also
Introduced in the Senate the bill
passed by the chamber of deputies
Thursday, conferring upon the gov
ernment plenary powers In regard to
the conduct of the war.
Any lingering hope that Italy
would maintain her neutrality was
abandoned Friday night after the
Italian Senate, following the lead of
tba Chamber of DeputlM, had con-
ferred on tna government extraordi
nary powers In the event of the war’s
outbreak.
* Tbla is considered a vote for war.
for 4htch the government has made
all preparations, and the prospects of
which have aroused the greatest en
thusiasm throughout Italy.
The bill reads: The government
Is authorised In case of war and dur
log the duration of war to make de-
cision^wlth due authority of law. in
every respect required, for the de
fence of the state, the guarantee of
public order and urgent economic
national necessities. The provisions
contained in Article 24 3 to 251 of
the Military Code continue In force.
The government la authorized also to
have recourse until December 31,
1911** to monthly provisional appro
priations for balancing the budget.
This law comes into force the day it
Is passed.''
The premier then began an ex
position of the situation of Italy be
fore the opening of hostilities in
Europe. He declared that Italy had
submitted to every humiliation from
Austria-Hungary for love of peace.
By her ultimatum to Servla, the pre
mier said, Austria had annulled the
equilibrium of the Balkans and prej
udlced Italian Interests. Notwlth
standing this evident violation of the
treaty of the Triple Alliance, Italy
endeavored during long^months to
avoid a conflict, but these efforts
were bound to have a limit in time
and dignity.
"This is why the government felt
itself forced to present its denuncia
tioh of the Triple Alliance on May
4,” sai Premier Salandra.
"This declaration was received
with great applause, which the pre
mier tried to quiet. When he had
succeeded in so doing, he said:
“Italy must be united at this mo
ment when her destinies are being
decided.’’
The German and Austrian minis
ters were still in Rome, but, accord
ing to Berlin dispatches, their one
care now is to arrange for the safe
ty of their nationals remaining in
Italy.
A formal declaration of war, or
perhaps action without a formal dec-
layitlon, is expected momentarily.
At any rate, all preparations for
naval and military action have been
made on both sides, and it is pos
sible that while the Italian! premier,
Eignor Salandra, was explaining to
the cabinet and the world the policy
of his government, the troops on the
frontier and the navies in the Oriatic
bad anticipated diplomatic action.
Large orders for military stores
and foodstuffs for Italy were report
ed to be in the market at New -York
Friday despite the fact that for
months the Italian government has
been drawing supplies " from thq,
"United States in anticipation of hos-
tllltie*.
* Shipments of coal and wheat from
thi* country to Italy in the .last few
weeka have been extensive, it is said.
Many shiploads of horses for, use of
the Italian army were reported to
have been made and an order for
10,090 more horses is understood to
' be awaiting acceptance.
Maay of tbe Italian reaerviata re
turned to Italy in the early stages of
the European war and a rush by Ital-
to return to Heir and enlist for
among
“You are aware,’’~ said Dr. von
Bethm&nn-Hollweg, the Imperial
chancellor of Germany,' apeaking In
the relchatag Tuesday, “that the re
lations between Italy and Austria
within the last months have been,
strongly strained.
“From the speech made yesterday
by Count Tizza you will have gather
ed that the Vienna cabinet In a sin
cere effort to ensure enduring peace
between the dual monarchy and Italy,
and to take into account the lasting
great vital interests of both erppires,
had resolved on far-reaching cjonces-
sions to Italy of a territorial nature.
“I consider it proper to indicate
these concessions to you: i.
“Part of Tyrol, inhabited by Ital
ians, was to be ceded to Italy.
“The western bank of the Isohzo,
Insofar as the population was purely
Italian, and the town of Gradisca
likewise was to be ceded to Italy. <
“Trieste was to be made anjjm^
perial free city, receiving an adminis
tration which would insure the Ital
ian character of the city and to have
au Italian university.
“Italian sovereignty ovei; Avolona
(a seaport of Albania) and a sphere
of interest belonging thereto, to be
recognized.
"Austria-Hungary declared her po
litical disinterestedness regarding
Albania.
“The national Interest 1 f Italians
in Austria to be particularly respect
ed.
“Austria-Hungary to grant am
nesty . to political military prisoners
belonging to the ceded territory.
“The further wishes of Italy re
garding tbe general question to be
assursd every consideration.
‘ Gie conclu
sion of^he agreemenC to give ( a sol
emn declaration concerning tbe con
cessions.
“Mixed committees for the regula
tion of the details for the concession
to be appointed.
“After the conclusion of the agree
ment Austro-H ngarian soldiers, na
tives of the occupied territory, shall
not participate further In the war.”
“1 can add,” continued the im
perial chancellor, "that Germany, In
order further to strengthen the un
derstanding between both her allies,
undertook, with the full agreement
of the Vienna cabinet, to give a full
guarantee for the loyal fulfillment of
these offers. Germany and Austria-
Hungary herewith formed a resolu
tion, which. If It should lead to re
sults, would, I firmly believe, And an
overwhelming majority iu the three
.nations.
“With Its parliament, the Italian
people will now decide whether It
will reach the fulfillment of all na
tional aspirations In tbe widest extent
In a peaceful manner, or whether it
will plunge the co ntry into war
and to-morrow draw the sword
against its allies of yesterday.
“I will not give up the hope en
tirely that the scale of peace will be
heavier than the scale of war, but
whatever the decision of Italy may
bq. we, together with Austria-Hun
gary, hafo done all within the boun
daries of possibility to support an
alliance which was flrmly rooted
among the German people and had
brought profit and good to the three
empires. •
“If the alliance is torn by one of
the three partners, we shall know,
together with the other partnerr how
to meet the new dangers with daunt
less confidence and courage ”
The imperial chancellor's speech
was loudly applauded from the gal
leries.
SEIZE ALL RAILWAYS
BERLIN IS CONCUAYORY;
WASHINGTON IS HOPEFUL
ITALIAN DECREE PUTS ROADS IN
MILITARY CONTROL
Well lafonaed Diplomats Sea
of Arbltraiiioa Offer With Bus
pension of Sabmarlae Warfare.
EMPIRE READY FOR WAR
J:
King’s Order Froit tbits Suspected
Persona Approaching Rail Lines
Now Supervised by Authorities—
“Green’’ Book Jrnstifylag War
Without word from Ambassador
Gerard as to Germany’s attitude to
ward the recent American note, offi
cial Washington attaches significance
.to intimations in diplomatic quarters
friendly to Germany that the reply
might contain an offer to suspend at
tacks without warning on merchant
ships, if the United States would re
new its Informal proposals for unre
stricted passage of foodstuffs to Ger
man civilians.,
ms OUTBREAK IS GOOD
Ready to Print.
A royal decree under which all
railroad lines and stations in Italy
are placed entirely under the super
vision of the military authorities is
published by the Official Gazette.
Under the decree military officials
are given power to prohibit suspect
ed persons from travelling on the
railroads or even approaching the
lines. All travelers are warned that
at certain points they must not look
fom the carriage windows, but must
keep the shutterk closed.
Any person approaching a tunnel
or bridge wjll be imprisoned for six
months. If war ha been declared
when the offensive is committed the
offender will be courtmartialed. Sol
diers and the police, entrusted with
enforcement of the decree, are au
thorized to fire on persons who vio
late its provisions.
Austria has decided to entrust to
the United States the protection of
her subjects in Italy in the event of
war, which is considered inevitable.
Owing to the feeling caused in the
United States by the sinking of the
Lusitania, Germany is reported to
have decided to ask Switzerland to
undertake the same task.ipr German
aybjedlfcilr
tl
fry.*
The Green Rook containing diplo
matic do-utnents designed to show
Italy’s attitude since the beginning of
war and reports made to reconcile
the obligations of the Triple Alliance
with Italian national aspirations, has
been "set up by the typeseUera.BMrJ 14y<<tri1| has informally agreed
nlnvori hv fhft «m hnr nf tfeynutim :—r—- —. ■ r
GERMAN LOSSES HEAVY
Petrograd Announces Enormous ("as-
£
unities Among Enemy.
Petrograd reports officially Friday:
“In the fighting of the past three
weeks, since the beginning of the
enemy’s operations in the Carpa
thians, their losses on May 10, May
11, May 12 and My 13, during
which the fighting lost some of Us
intensity, averaged 10,000 a day. On
the other 17 days they wore much
heavier, especially during the period
between May 17 and May 19, when
they amounte to several ten? of thou
sands daily.
“Certain regiments of the enemy
have been reduced to a single com
pany, Their total losses during this
period, including 10,000 prisoners
captured by us. have undoubtedly
reached to pne-fourth or perhaps
one-third df tliei.* total strength.
“The score of guns lost by the
enemy in this fighting is as nothing
compared with their total number,
but,,it. must be borne in mind that
owing to lack of horses and the
scarcity oT projectiles—between two
and three million shells having been
expended by th£ enemy dur'ng this
period—the fenemy le& behind on old
positions several hundred guns. This
.circumstance lias helped to equalize
the odds, which were in favor of the
enemy.”
CONSTABLES IN CHARLESTON
Gov. Manning Orders Them to En
force I-nw at All Hazards. •
ployed by the 'cinrarbCTuT“
Every precaution was taken to pre
vent the printers from communicat
ing with persons outside their office
and they were reminded that any be
trayal of the secret contained in the
Gr^en Book would make them pun
ishable by several years' Imprison
ment under the law recently enacted
for the defense of the state.
The Green Book is said to show
that If Italy fights it will be because
of necessity, and that during the ne
gotiations with Austria, tbe repre
sentatives of the dual monarchy ap
parently had failed to realize that
Italy was flrmly^determined to enter
the war if she was unable to obtain
satisfactory territorial conceMions by
diplomatic action.
- The documents seek to demcn-
strate that Austria failed from the
first to understand that one of Italy's
chief purposes was to have her rec
ognize the justice of the demands
made by Italy. For Italy it waa a
question of maintaining her dignity
before the world and gaining hef ob
ject at any cost. The Green Book
contains also the n %.*, rl May 4, In
which Italy, aftei s rmmarizing the
course of events and emphasizing
that Austria's caurse had been con
trary to the letter and spirit of the
triple alliance treaty, denounced that
treaty.
. In explanation of the manner in
which the treaty was denounced, it Is
stated that on May 4 the Duke of
Avana, Italian ambaasador at Vien
na. acting under instructions from
his government, notified the Austrian
minister of foreign affairs that Italy
considered Austria’s declaration of
war against Serbia a violation of the
triple alliance, treaty. He added that'
the negotiations started first by Ger
many, and continued by Austria with
a view of giv4ng Italy compensation
for maintaining neutrauity, had re
sulted in Italy deciding to resume
her complete liberty of action, both
because the Austrian offers were to
tally inadequate and because Italy’s
situation had become ' intolerable.
Austria made no reply, but continued
the negotiations, offering additional
concessions.
Resentment has been caused by the
statement appearing in some German
papers that Italy denounced the triple
alliance treaty only so far as it re
ferred to Austria. The purpose of
this statement is believed to be to
give the impression that it is possible
lor Italy to fight only the dual mon^
archy.
Rome papers point out that Italy’s
denunciation of the treaty only to
Austria was not intended to imply
that Germany would not assist her
aly, but simply to accentuate the fact
that whatever differences exist are
between Italy and Austria alone and
not between Italy and Germany.
lloumania’s attitude regarding^the
war is being watched with keenest
interest. As yet no official announce
ment has been made as to whether
the cordial relations between that
country and Italy have be^n trans
formed into an actual alliance. There
undoubtedly is a diplomatic under
standing between the two govern-
■ments, as Prince Ghika, the Rouma
nian minister, is the only foreign dip
lomat who has had long daily-inter
views with Foreign Minister Sonnino
during the past fortnight.
Well informed European diplomats
asserted that Germany most certainly
would offer to settle the question at
issue by arbitration or diplomacy
with an agreement to abandon sub
marine warfare while the discussion
was In progress.
Officials have been reticent in dis
cussing the idea of arbitration or a
proposal with reference to foodstuffs,
but it is indicate^ that the situation
has progressed toward the point
where the United States would not be
likely to be satisfied with any condi
tional acquiescence in the American
position. It was intimated, however,
that If Germany accepted the Ameri
can point of view, the national ten
dency of the United States of its owh
initiative would be strongly to press
its contention on the right to ship
foodstuffs to Germany.
There is a likelihood, too, that
some understanding might be reached
through the medium of the American
government whereby Germany could
be assured definitely that no mer
chant ships leaving the United States
would be armed, making it possible
for submarine commanders to exer
cise the right of visit and search with
impunity. Whether Great Britain
would consent to disarm all her mer
chant rari^in^ rgmrtthanrt
onlecture.
T’hat'TFe Question of penffTttlng
Americans to travel on armed mer
chantmen may be taken under con
sideration soon is intimated in well
informed quartets. On the other
hand, some officials believe there will
be little necessity for this, as Great
^ tin forma
not to arm her vesseTs plying between
British and American ports.
What is regarded as one of the
hopeful signs in the general situation
is the confidence reflected in official
and diplomatic quarters that Ger
many will meet the United States at
least Half-way, and will suspend for
the time being her submarine attacks
without warning during the diplo
matic correspondence.
In this connection there has been
much comment over the recent an
nouncements from London that Great
Britain did not understand from Ger
many’s answer last March that the
principle of submarine warfare
would be abandoned. It was noted
that the same misunderstanding arose
when the German and British repllea
were received to the American pro
posal for tha abandonment by Ger
many of submarine warfare and tbe
use of mines In return for American
supervision of the distribution of
foodstuffs if England agreed to their
unrestricted passage to Germany
when consigned to civilians.
POMERS WELCOME ITALY
AS FULL-FLED6ED PARTNER
Balkans Are Expected to t ome Into
War at Any Tim
an to First Blow.
-Doubt
Gov. fanning announced Wednes
day afternoon Uyrt, ieing dissatis
fied with conditions in Charleston, he
had appoinled constables and tf h^d
sent them to Charleston to enrcree
the liquor laws at all hazards. They
are placed under the,Authority of
Sheriff Elmore Martin. Information*
from Charleston is to the effect that
raids were in progress Wednesday
and the City by the Sea was very
much ; excited at course of events!
Kitchener Sees Premier Asquith.
Premier Asquith and Lord Kitch
ener spent four hours in a confer
ence Friday aftertooon when the war
lord saw thd prem.ler at Mr. As
quith's request. Reginald McKenna
was also present, and many believe
that he will succeed Lord Kitchen^-
as the head of the war office.
liondon reports Friday: It is uni
versally’ conceded in England that
Italy from to-day enters into full
partnership with the entente powers,
and this means that the two Ger
manic nations, assisted by the Turks,
find themselves facing seven Euro
pean powers, not counting Portugal,
with Japan in the background.
How long the Balkan states will
refrain from joining in the fray is
not known, but it is held here that
this period of time must of necessity
be comparatively brief.
The demands for compensation,
territorial and otherwise, of Rou
mania, Bulgaria and Greece are in
process of arrangement, according t,o
Well informed persons in London
Just at present the excessive claims
first put forwarJ by these states are
being cut doWn.
Already reports are coming from
Greece of more cordial relations be
tween the court and former Premi r
Venizelos, which can only point to
ward war. “Gallipoli armies” al
ready are in process of formation in
some cf the Balkan states, and the
title efficiently indicates the propos
ed scene of their activities.
Nothing yet has leaked out as to
where the first Italian blow will be
struck. 'Judging from previous ex
perience, Italy probably will put in
to effect at once a system of censor
ship that will stand as a striking
object lesson in many ways to the
comparative amateurs in this field,
Great Britain and France.
Military observers believe the
Italian advance will be bound to ease
the tremendous Germanic pressure
bearing to-day so heavily<*on the Rus
sian forces on the Galician front.
The fighting south of Pzremysl is
so intense that in some q-uarters in’
London It is considered possible that
strategic necessity may dictate the
abandonment of- that fortress.
Przemysl app’ee.rs to be a dangerous
salient p,f the new Russian line.
ASKS 300,000 H
HN8 RETAINS SALANDRA;
ITALIANS TO ENTER Wi
KITCHENER MUST HATE MORE
MEN FOR US BATTLE
r
Demonstrations TlirPnghnn*
Omm When News of
Victory to Spread
Hoase of Lords Hears Report From
Great Chieftain, Who Gives Sum
mary of War Conditions and Paints
Bright Pictures for Allies—Rus
sians Hold Line and Tnrkr Losing.
Lord Kitchener told the House of
Lords Tuesday he wanted 300,000
more recruits. He expressed confi
dence that in the very near future
the government would be in a satis
factory position with regard to they
supply of ammunition. \ j /
Retiring to the offensive move
ments mw in progress in LaBossee
and the Arras region, Earl Kitchener
said:
“We have all followed with admir
ation the forward movements of our
brave allies in an offensive operation
which has been marked with com
plete success and whiph is still pro
ceeding with every promise and indi-
cation~of being wholly satisfactory.
The attacks delivered by our forces
at first were not attended with the
same immediate success, owing to the
elaborate arrangements made by the
Germans to defend their lines after
their experience at Neuve Chappelle,
but on the night of May 15, by a
renewed effort, the British forces
drove back the enemy on a front of
approximately two miles for a con
siderable distance’and captured trom
4 00 ,U^BADiF prftoners.* ^tolnactlo
also is proceeding, and tfe Bflpfrlja
in conformity with the French opera
tions It will achieve important re
sults.
"These offensive operations against
the trenches of the enemy have de
manded enormous expenditures in
ammunition, both of our usual type
and also of the highest explosive pat
tern which we are now making. I
am confident that in the very near
future we shall be in a satisfactory
position in regard to the supply of
these shells.
“in these recent offensive opera
tions our losses and those of the-
French have been heavy, but the task
our armies have accomplished has
necessitated great sacrifices, and the
spirit and morale of our troops has
never been higher than at the pres
ent moment.”
The war secretary had this to say
concerning the position pf the Rus
sians: “The Russians now hold a
strong line from the Eastern Carpa
thians to Przemysl, which forms a
pivot of their Hum. and then along
the San to the Vistula. In Bukowina
the Russians have made a counter
offensive and driven the Austrians
back from the Dneister to the Pruth.
The German losses Jn killed and
wounded in these operations have
beep enormous, and many thousand
unwounded prisoners have fallen in
to the hands of the Russians."
Turning to the Dardanelles. Earl
Kitchener said that the progress of
the allies was necessarily slow, since
tlfe country was most difficult.
“But the Turks are gradually be
ing forced to retire from positions of
great strength,’’ he continued, "and,
though the enemy is being constantly
reinforced, the news from this front
is thoroughly satisfactory.’’
Earl Kitchener then referred ’o
the South African campaign and the
occupation by Union of South Africa
forces of Windhoek, capital of Ger
man- BooUiwest Afrjca^
“The military ability dis'ptayed by
Gen. Botha has been of a wery high
order,” he said, in this connection,
“and has confirmed the admiration
felt for him as a commander and a
leader of men.”
Indian soldiers were utterly rout
ing the Turks in Mesopotamia, the
secretary asserted, and were gradual
ly clearing the whole country of hos
tile forces.
After referring in eulogistic terms
to the men in the new army, Earl
Kitchener concluded: “I said I
would let the country know when
more men were wanted for the war.
The time has come and I now call
for 300,000 men to form new armies.
Those who are engaged In* the pro
duction of war material of any kind
should not le..ve their work. It Is to
men who are not performing this
duty that I appeal, and T am convinc
ed the mankood of England still
available will loyally respond."
The trend of Italian •evkola to #0n-
sidered most significant, particularly.
in view of the fact that claahM be
tween Italian and Austrian troops are
reported on the frontier. The Aus
trians, according to the report, have
crossed the boundary at one point,
but were repulsed by the Italians,
whtf took one 1 risoner.
Official announcement was made at
Rome Sunday afternoon that King
Victor Emmanuel had declined to ae-
cept the resignation of Premier Sa
landra, and that the Salandra cabi
net would be retained, unchanged.
The news was greeted with great
demonstrations of rejoicing and pop
ular manifestations in favor of war.
The delay in making the official
announcement is said to have l^een
due to efforts to bring about closer
co-operation among the varioas par
liamentary sections. During the in
terval the king received a number of
prominent statesmen!' One was Dep
uty Admiral Bettolo, former minister
of marine.
The Tribuna says there is a possi
bility that Premier Salandra will en
large his cabinet by including Signor
Bettolo and Signor Pantano, former
minister of agriculture, Pantano as
the representative of the radicals.
It is asserted that former Premier ,
Giolitti will make a public statement
that he had believed it possible to
obtain from Austria concessions' suf
ficient to avert .war. but thag once war
is inevitable he will support the cabi
net.
Foreign Minister Sonnino received
Baron Earl von Macchio, temj
Austrian ambassadpr at Rome,
reported Bgron Macchio asked
Sonnino whether his retention <
Pit he iptPrpwMiWr as mei
Administration Building of Panama
(’anal.
CHICAGO OUR CAPITAL.
Jim Ham Lewis Springs New Argu-
» « "
meat for Illinois Waterway.
In arguing before the Illinois legis
lature for the appropriation of the
necessary funds for the construction
| jMpffcfc. Soak by Germaastl
Thomas J v McNamara, parliamen- and adequate maintenance of the II-
Asqmith Sowed* Call for Ilea.
In fptektnf at Qwiki Hall. Wednes
day Premier Asquith made a stirring
appeal to ell England for mom me
for the army.
tary secretary of waterway. Senator Jim Ham
nounee<) in the" house or commons TewiTNon WedfieMnylaid that in com
On the toe of the northwest slope
of Ancon Hill, overlooking Balboa
the first permanent town of the Zone,
the administrjtion building, in which
are copcentrSted the various depart
mental office^ of the Panama canal,
has been erected. It is’a low. broad
structure of the Italian Renaissance
period and surrounded on all sides
by wide concrete terraces flanked by
heavy balustrades and broken, at the
front, by longitudinal panels of Lawn.
In order to compress the building
and at the -same time provide for
adequate light amf-ventilation, it was
designed in the form of the letter
“E,” It Is three stories in height,
and. unlike ither setucthres ereqfed
in the -Zone, has a- sub-basement.
Both its front and the other wings
are lined by a .colonnade of square
Italian marble columns which sup
port • the |irdjected third-story wall
and the eaves'." A picture and plan
of tfre building appear in the June
Popular Mechanics Magazine.
‘ A—
Monday that 490,(28 toot of British
shipping otherer thnn warships, had
boon sack or eaptarnd by the German
navy since tha war began. * •
of war the national capital would be
tralsferred to Chicago la which com
tba internal watnray woald'be aeed-
Goebea Reported Damaged.
Petrograd reports that the Turkish
cruiser Goeben has been darrxged
after firing lira h.ndred sharia at the
Boephoraa »‘tb*nt a hit
that Italy had decided on war.
The Austrian consulate having not
ified the few Austrian subjects In
Rome to be ready to leave on a mo
ment’s notice, most of them decided
to depart Immediately. When the
soldiers at the barracks at Castro
Pretorio learned that Premier Salan
dra was to remain In power tffey be
gan enthusiastic demonstration In
favor cf war, and went to their com
mander. Col. Boistrocehl. The col
onel said he could not yet give ex
pression to his feeling, but hoped to
be able to address them in a few days
in the way that he would like to do.‘
The excitement at Milan subsided
on receipt of the news of Premier
Salandra’s retention. The general
strike there passed off without seri
ous Incident, although there was a
demonstration In favor of war by a
crowd estimated at forty thonsand.
Similar demands occurred at Flor
ence. Naples. Messina. Bologna. Pal
ermo and Catania.
Demonstrations at Bologna devel
oped into a free fight between the
factions for and against war. At
Genoa crowds attempted to pillage
the shops of gunsmiths, but were held
In check by troops.
PYior to the annonneement that
Premier Salandra would return to
power, the king requested Senator
Boselll, dean of the Italian parlia
ment. to form a new cabinet, but he
refused. The king conferred with
Lieut. Gen. Count Cadorna, chief of
staff, who proceeded to the war office
and discussed the situation with Gen.
Zupelll. the minister of war.
TURK ARMIES SCATTERED;
MILLION NOW UNDER ARMS
German Advisers Take Charge of Mil
itary Affairs of Ottoman Empire
r Correspondent Imprisoned.
Bucharest reports: The Turkish
ministry of war places the totR
men under arms at present at l.f
000.
More conservative estimates in
Constantinople give the^kumber as
about 800,000. This includes 200,-
000 Christians who are being used
for digging trenches and building
railways, roads and bridges.
The actual fighting men are divid
ed Into five armies. The first, en
camped at Adrianople and around
Constantinople under von der Goltz,
Is said to be about f00,000 strong.
The second, under Djemal Pasha,
alms at Egypt with 180,000 men
jThe third is located around Bagdad
with 50,000. The fourth, in the
Caucasus, numbers 180,000, while
the fifth, estimated at something ovei
100,000, is operating in the vicinity
of the Dardanelles.
■Probably the best equipped troops
are gathered around Constantinople
which is also admirably-defended by
concentric rings of up-to-date fortifi
cations. An excellejat battery has
been placed in position immediately
below the mosque of St. Sophia.
Although the German advisers oi
the government have taken ovei
practical command of military af
fairs, they make no attempt to med
dle in police and civil matteis. Ths
press censorship, for example, fc
under Turkish auspices, and corre
spondents, even from Germany, are
handled ruthlessly. Thus the corre
spondents of the Cologne Zeitung and
the Duetches Annee Zeitung have
been interned at Konia, 'tho corre
spondent of the Xeue. Freie Presse
has been condemned to a year’s im
prisonment,, and the representative
of the Berlin Tageblrtt has been ex
pelled.
BRITISH CLAIM GAIN.
'French Reports Progress Along ’i^jj
Mile Front st Ricshebourg.
The official report of 6en. French,
commander of thq British forces in
France, made public Monday, made
known the fact that the BritisH
troops had captured all German
trenches along a two mile froat *«■
tending south from Ricksbourg and