The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, November 12, 1914, Image 7
*
V
■RING m FALLS
JAMIES UPTBIE fflUVS
until FUtIUS
IEFENSF1 AS HEROIC
(teali Garriflon KurpHaes World With
H« BadaUuice CcrnMum Lose Last
Foot of PoeaeHsloos on the Asiatic
Mainland—Hedge of Near Three
' It is officially announced that the
German fortrecs at Tsing Tau has
surrendered to the Japanese and Brit
ish forces. It is officially announced
that the step in bringing about the
surrender of the fortrors occurred at
midnight when the infantry charged
and occupied the middle fort of the
line of defence. In this operation
they took 200 prisoners.
TTie—lail of Tsing Tau ends the
most picturesque of the minor phases
of the great world war now raging.
On two continents and in many
islands of the sea where colonies of
the warring nations were planted
combats of more or less interest
have taken place, garrlcions have
been captured and towns occupied
peacefully, but in the little German
possession of the south side of the
Shan Tung peninsula of China there
has been going on since^iate in Au
gust a reduced scale of war that from
all accounts nearly all features of
those battles in Europe that have re
sulted in the capture of fortifled po
sitions.
The capture of .Tsing Tau loses te
Germany her last foot of possessions
on the Asiatic mainland, as well as
her last strategic position outside of
the German empire in Europe. For
nearly three months the little Ger
man garrison of abont 7,000 men
and nearly wholly composed of re
servists in China, has held out
against the land and sea attack of
the Japanese and of certain British
detachments of both white and In-
/dian troops that found themselves in
China at the outbresk of the war.
' What the losses of the garrison
have been are not known, but the of
ficial Japanese and British reports
have Indicated that Tsing Tau has
been taken at heavy cost of men on
the part of the Allies.
It was on August, 1!) that Japan
threw herself into the European war
as Great Britain's ally, after demand
ing that Germany withdraw, or in
terne all German warships In Asiatic
waters and relinquish possession of
Kiao Chow. In the statement from
Tokyo that accompanied this declare
tk>n, Japan asserted that her inten-
tiooa did not contemplate the reten
tion of one foot of German or Chi-
aeee terrtitory, and later affirmed
that she did not intend to extend her
holdings in the Pacific. Her demands
ignored. Japan proceeded cautiously
with plana to seise the German set
tlement on the Chinese mainland.
The operations in this isolated
theatre of the war have been reduced
to a scale of some 200 square milee
as compared with the whole conti
nent of Europe, but on that acre they
have been none the less interesting
Aeroplanes and all other accompani
ments of modern warfare have figur
ed in both Japanese and German
operations.
The strength of the attacking force
as compared with the little garrison
of some 7,000 men and the few Ger
man vessels at Kiao Chow was so dis
proportionate that at the beginning
of the campaign it was taken for
granted that the German possession
soon would fall. The surprise was
that so small a force could hold out
so long. Reports from various
sources pieced together indicate that
the Allies' loss around Kiao Chow
-has been upwards of 2,000 and sev
eral second rate warships.
Details of the movements have
been secret, but the first, general
operation undertaken by the Japa
nese was the sweeping of the waters
aronnd Kiao Chow for German
mines. In this connection a hundred
Japanese women shell divers offered
their services, thinking they unseen
by the enemy could dive and release
the mines.
But the offer was declined since
the Japanese law prohibited the em
ployment of women in warlike opera
tions. During the mine sweeping
campaign at least one Japanese mine
dragging boat was blown up.
The next general move on the part
of the Japanese was to seize the Ger
man owned railway running West
from Tsing Tau into the province of
Shan Tung. This was done under
violent protest from the Chtneae gov
ernment. It was held that tsls vio
lated the Integrity of he Chinese re
public.
The number of he expeditionary
force has not been divulged, but It is
said to have been upwards of 30,090
men. A British detachment of some
800 South Wales borderers and 400
Indian Shikhs under Brig. Gen.
Nathaniel W. Bernardiston, com
mander of the North China forces, is
said to have formed a part of the
centre of the Japaneee line in the in
vestment. Fighting continued from
the middle of September intermit
tently until he fall of the fortress.
During this period both the German
and Japanese Warships and aeroplanes
engaged in the bombardment of each
. other's positions. In one of the most
| severe of these engagdihents on Oc-
p tober 3 it was announced that the
Japanese loss was 1,700 killed and
800 wounded. It was reported then
that the Japanese would await the
"grrmrr ui imrBM! ’«!»* iahUglK
ing operations. At varioiif times
German losses were reported up to a
score or more.
On th« day before the fall of this
German fort The New York Evening
Sun discussed the German defence in
these words:
■ While the battles in Flanders and
Poland are occupying the attention of
the whole world the news from the
Far East poiata to the approach of
the end of one* of the most splendid
of military feats, the defence of Kiao
Chow. No page In all .that wll' re
count the heroism and devotion of
German, or indeed any, soldiers In
the-gteat war is more certain to en
dure than that which tells of the long
protracted defence of a fortress, not
against an army or a fleet but against
a nation.
As a measure of German spirit
Kiao Ch6w is far more satisfactory
than any European battle. The splen
did courage of the latest boy con
script advance along the Yser in the
face of machine guns and magazine
rifles at point blank range has earn
ed the tribute of the British histo
rian of the daily campaign events.
But behind these boys was the whole
weight of German military power, the
stimulus of recent victory and the ex
pectation of future decisive succees
For the defenders of Kiao Chow
there never was any such driving
force. The moment that Japan, with
her great resources, her army, which
had conquered Russia, her fleet
which made her supreme in the East,
threw her lot in with the Allies the
fate of Kiao Chow was determined
It became thereafter merely ^mathe
matical question, the prospective de
fence, a mathematical^ question in
volving cimply tho problem of how
long a few thousand Tlermans, with
out hope of relief, with the certainty
that neither supplies nor reenforce-
ments could reach them, could keep
their flag flying in the face of the
military power of a nation larger
than France and recently the con-
querers in a tremendous war.
From such a conflict, too. 4t might
well have been expected that all but
the few soldiers actually charged with
the test would have shrunk, that
these would have contented them
selves with a formal, a brief and hon
orable. resistance, and then the sur
render which would not have impugn
ed their courage or brought disgrace
to their flag.
Yet nothing of the soft ever enter
ed the mind of the Germans of the
East. First of all. before the Japa
nese investment began stray corre
spondence told ns of the fashion in
which from every corner and remote
district of Asia German men were
turning back to Kiao Chow. These
were not boys, for whom the prospect
of battle, however hopeless, is a suf
ficient appeal.' But young and old,
weak and Strong, this tide of men
moved quietly but swiftly toward the
threatened German port, their single
place In the Asiatic sun.
Most of these men were old enough,
sufficiently experienced, to know ex
actly what was to come. Kiao Chow
was not a Port Arthur. The garrison
of the German possession was not a
tithe of that Stoessel had in his Rus
sian fortress. For months Stoessel
could and did hope for reenforcement.
But Port Arthur fell. The great forts
that crowned the mountains of the
peninsula of Kwang Tung crumbled
to dust. Hundreds of thousands of
Japanese moved on resistlessly to vic
tory and many to.certain death.
All this the Germans of the Far
East knew. Once the Japanese lines
closed about them, once Japanese
army corps came up from the west
and Japanese squadrons sealed the
bay there would be nothing to expect
but slow, steady, inevitable advance
of the enemy, the pounding to pieces
of futile forts. In the face of all
this, of certain defeat, probable death
the response of the Germans in Asia
was instant, unanimous.
It is difficult to exaggerate the
moral value of^the Kiao Chow de
fence, as it reflects the spirit and the
determination of a grei^t people. Brit
ish statesmen and Journals have de
lighted to tell the world that Great
Britain is making war to save the
German peopfe from militarism, to
bring independence to the oppressed
Teutons. Was there ever a more
complete, a more crushing answer to
such cant than that supplied by Kino
Chow by the response of the Germans
of the East to a call not to battle but
to disaster, to a summons not to pos
Bible victory but to Inevitable defeat
and destruction?
In Europe German military power
still bulks large. German armies
are still on hostile soil in the east and
in the west. The great tradition of
Prussian Invincibility has been
shaken but not yet destroyed, the
great military machine remains su
preme in its own land and as yeUin-
expugnable in France and Belgium.
Yet even here it is no longer pos
sible’for any but the wilfully blind to
mistake the fact that it is not the ma
chine that is now making German
armies potent in an attack still con
tinuing. The songs of the boy con
scripts of 1914 are but the echo of
the songs of those other boys of 1813
and 1814 who freed Europe from
Napoleon and saved Germany from
complete subjugation. It is incon
ceivable that there should remain a
single person who could honestly be
lieve that the German phenomenon
which fills Europe to-day is Less than
the complete, solidified, fused resolu
tion of a whole nation;
Nor is It the German man whose
courage seems most striking In the
scanty reports that come to us from
Germany. As the women of our own
Confederacy preserved an unconquer
able spirit and unshaken devotion to
the end, after the end, so now it is
clear the women of Germany are giv
ing all that their ^resources afford.
So we hear of mojJlers who have sent
four sons to the^front and regret th^t
tKey have npr more to send. Above
and beyono all else the thing that
must be observed by all men of vary
ing sympathies and of no sympathies
in this great war is that a whole peo
ple, believing Itself ’fighting for Its
existence, is making a fight which na
tions and races pnly make when they
go forth to battle without reserva
tion, without the smallest question or
doubt, EWinUiBIt 61 Alctor^ but con-''
vlnced that, victory or death, tllere
Is no honorable course but to fight..
Of this spirit the defence of Kiao
Chdw Is perhaps the most strik
example. If the men who are
(heir lives hopelessly, use!
would appear from any military con
sideration, shaH contribute to bring
HlSSIlUiS ADYANCEiFlD NOT ILLEGAL
BETTER ARMY AND NAVY
REALM TO MAKS THEIR ANNUAL
UUES IN EAST TAD IT NEf
FIORTIEI nsmin
ATTHDT iERUL PASSES IN
tie emu uai nni
LULL IN WAK IN FIANCE
PRESIDENT ASKS ADVICE
German Attacks Around Ypres Have
Ceased While London Snys Allies
Are Advancing—Reports of Dis-
. patch of Troops From East to West
in Fnoe of Russinn Advance.
London reports the German and
Austrian armies now are on the de
fensive both on the east and west.
They have given up at Least for the
present, their effort to break through
the allied lines at Ypres. in Belgium,
where the British and French have
taken the offensive, and, according to
the reports from French headquar
ters, have commenced to advance. In
the east they have fallen, over their
own frontier in East Prussia and in
Poland, while Russian cavalry has
pentrated Silesia to the north ofl
Kalisz and cut the German railroad.
London reports the Russians are
following up their advantage in Ga
licia, and It is said have cut the re
treating Austrians off Cracow, while
the Germans are retiring through Po
land. At only one point on the bat
tie front do the Germans claim ad
vantage. That is along the Argonne
Ixmdon reports the French troops
have retaken the positions which they
had lost during the course of the
week. This is notably so on the Alsne
valley around Soissons where they
regained the ground which the .Ger
mans by fierce assaults had taken
from them. The Belgians, holding
the line reaching to the coast, also
have made progress. It would seem
the Germans still are waiting for ad
ditional reinforcements before renew
ing their attempt to smash through
to the French seaports.
London reports except for the fall
of Tsing Tau, the most significant
report from any of the battle fronts
Saturday—and the most welcome to
the Allies—is that the Russians be
sides driving the Austrians back in
Galicia have reached the Warthe
River, in Russian Poland, and have
established themselves on the East
Prussian frontier.
A Berlin official reports says some
Russian cavalry crossed the Warthe
but were driven back. To this the
Russian report adds that the town of
Warta, on the Warthe River, in Po
land, has been occupied and that
German column has proceeded west
ward through Czenstochowa, near the
Silesian frontier.
The Russians, too, ere responsible
for the report that they have defeat
ed the Germans near Mlawa. in Po
land. Just across the East Prussian
boundary, and at Lyck, in East Prus
sia.
London military observers say the
Russians have followed the retiring
Germans at a much faster pace than
was anticipated and that if they are
in force they may prevent The Ger
mans from taking up their new posi
lions on the Warthe and compel them
to fall back to the Silesian border.
London says despite all this, re
ports persist that the Germans are
sending westward large numbers of
their troops who have been fighting in
Poland to oppose the Allies in France
and Belgium. That Ihey would do
this with enormous Russian forces
threatening their own and richest ter
ritory miliary men say seems highly
improbable unless the Germans are
satisfied a small force can prevent the
Russians entering Silesia and East
Prussia.
Berlin reports via I»ndon: "I
the eastern arena of the war three
divisions of Russian cavalry which
crossed the River Warthe above Kolo
were defeated and pushed back across
the stream. There have not been any
encounters elsewhere.
"Our attacks in the direction of
Ypres also progressed favorably, es
penally southwest of ypres. Over
1,000 French soldiers and three ma
chine guns were captured.
The French attacks west of Noyon
Vallly ■ and Chavonne were repulsed
with severe losses to the enemy.
"The village of Soupid, which had
been defended by a small German
force, and the western part of Sapig
neul, which was heavily bombarded
by French artillery, were evacuated
by us.
“French attacks near Servon were
repulsed and in the Argonnes the
French were forced back.’’
Wilson Writes (or Legal Opinion oa
Wade Loan Fund' Gregory An
swers Hut He Is Unable to Bee
to the world a little clearer vision of
the spirit that to-day animates he
whole German people the spirit with
out which they could ho contemplate
the future fearlessly or continue the
unequal struggle sturdily, they will
have deserved as well of their ow
countrymen as those who won Sedan
or those who marched to the sound
of the guns at Waterloo.
Blew up His Gunboat.
The Turkish gunboat Berak was
blown up by .its commander Sunday
to prevent its capture by the allied
fleet in Tohesme Bay, Asia Minor.
Mora Georgia Cotton Burned.
Fifteen hundred bales of cotton
were burned at Gay, Ga., Tuesday
morning.
i REPORT TO CONGRESS.
1
I
How Such a Plan Could be Con
trary to Anti-Trust Laws.
No violation of federal anti-trust
laws is threatened by the cotton loan
fund plan recently perfected by bank
ers and members of the federal re
serve board, according to an opinion
handed down late Friday by Attorney
General Gregory at the request Of
President Wilson.
Success of the 1135,000,000 pool
now is believed by treasury officials
to be assured. More than $80,000,-
000 of the 1100,000,000 to be raised
among northern bankers already has
been subscribed and practically all of
the remainder, it is understood, had
been promised om condition of a fav
orable* opinion from the attorney gen
eral. New England flnaciers, it was
said, were reluctant to enter the plan
until definitely assured that the meth
od of raising the fund would not -be
construed as unlawful.
Attorney General Gregory's opinion
was rendered after a conference with
President Wilson. The treasury de
partment made public the following
correspondence:
"The White House,
“November 7, 1914.
"My Dear Mr. Attorney General:
“I am sending the enclosed papers,
submitted to me by the secretary of
the treasury, in order to ascertain
whether In your opinion the proposed
cotton loan fund may be lawfully
formed. I know that it Is contrary
to the practice of the department to
give opinions beforehand as to con
templated transactions, and 1 think
that such opinions ought never in
ordinary circumstances to be given,
but the circumstances with regard to
the handling of the great cotton crop
which have been created by the Euro
pean war are most extraordinary and
seem to justify extraordinary action.
It Is for that reason that I venture
ask you to depart in this case fro
the usual practice of your depart
ment.
“It occurs to me that the fund con
templated stands tn a class by itself
It Is hardly conceivable that such ar
rangements should become settled
practices or furnish precedents which
would be followed In the regular
course of business or under ordinary
conditions. They are ns exceptional
in their nature as the circumstances
they are meant to deal with and can
hardly be looked upon as, by possi
bility even, dangerous precedents. It
is for this reason that I feel the more
justified In asking for your opinion in
the premises.
"Cordially and sincerely yours,
(Signed)
"WOODROW WILSON.
Barnwell Warehouse Borns.
A Barnwell warehouse with 650
bales of cotton was burned Tuesday.
Some of the cotton is being salvaged.
——EB$SiM AnA^x^s Uyprwir
Great'Britain Thursday announced
that the Island of Cypress, belonging
to Turkey,-had been annexed.
ran t Leave
The Germans are prohibiting the
trture from Antwerp of all Bel-
the fighting age and over.
“November 7, 1914.
“Dear Mr. President:
“I have the honor to reply to your
request for my opinion as to whether
the federal anti-trust laws (the so-
called Sherman act, the so-called
Clayton act, and the trade commis
sion act) would be v’olated in any re
spect by the carrying out of a plan
which has been devjsed for raising
and administering a fund of |135,
000,000 to be lent on the.security of
cotton. A copy of the plan is attach
ed hereto.
"Countries which take annually
8,000,000 bales of American cotton-
more than half the crop, are now en
gaged in war. Trade between tile
United States and those countries in
some cases virtually come to a com
plete stop, and in others has been
seriously hindered. Foreign exchange
has been badly demoralized. In con
sequence of these extraordinary con
ditions, it has peen impossible to ob
tain in the usual ways the large
amount of cash required to liquidate
the indebtedness incurred in the
course of raiding and marketing the
cotton crop. ^
“To meet this situation the'Jjlfcn in
question has been proposed, ■‘'it con
templates the making up by a syndi
cate, composed principally of banks
and bankers, of a fund of $135,000,'
000 to be lent on the security of cot
ton to borrowers, in the cotton grow
ing states, under the direction of a
central committee, composed of the
Individual members of the federal re
serve board and various auxiliary
committees. -
"Nothing in the nature of price
fixing, restriction of production, divi
sion of territory, or control of mar
kets is involved. Loans will be made
as freely to buyers of cotton, as to
producers. The members of the syn
dicate will be perfectly free to make
other loans in any amount, to any
persons, and on any lawful terms.
Borrowers will be under no restraint
whatever as to the price or the time
at which they may sell their cotton.
Nor will their free agency in borrow
ing or In not borrowing as they see
fit and from whom they see fit in any
manner be restricted. In short, the
plan simply provides the cash which
is Imperatively required to liquidate
the indebtedness incurred ip the
course of raising and marketing the
cotton crop, but which can not^ipw be
■obtained from the usual. sources of
supply because of the extraordinary
Tpadmsas psawaAMw^Ju ttie munur
markets and in the trade of the
world.
"The amount of this fund is barely
more than one per cent, of the total
outstanding loans and discounts of
banking institutions In the United
States and U much leas than the
amount of cash usually employed ip
marketing the cotton crop. Nor
usd Daniels WAD Reoom-
•' * V . . .
■send Certain Stops to Place Our
Warriors oa Good Footing.
Secretaries Garrison and Daniels
In their forthcoming annual reports
will lay'before congress the lessons
they believe the American army thd
navy should draw from the war in
Europe. No extraordinary expend!-
tupres will be asked, but methods of
obtaining a mobile and adequate
army and a powerful and efficient
fleet will be dtscussed^in great detail
Secretary Garrison will emphasise
the necessity for a definite permanent
military policy. Secretary Daniels will
recommend two battleships, but prob
ably will ask for authority to expend
a lump sum for submarines.
The work of submarines in the
European war have recalled that last
congress appropriated more than $4.-
000,000 for submarines and specified
that one should be a sea-going vessel,
practically twice the size of those us
ed in coast patrol.
Such submarine, according to naval
officers, will be the most powerful in
the world, able to accompany the fleet
everywhere. European submarines
have been able to make only com
paratively short voyages from their
bases.
There is, every likelihood that Sec
retary Daniels will ask for a second
submarine of the sea-going type and
the usual number—seven or eight—
smaller submarines for coast and har
bor defense.
While submarines have attracted
most attention, naval strategists do
not believe there should be any
change in the premanent plana of the
general board for two battleships a
year and a proportionate nut\ber of
auxiliaries and submarines.
The United States already has more
submarines than Germany and Japan
and Mr. Daniels and the general
board believe in the battleship unit
as the necessary line along which the
navy should advance. Naval men
concede, however, that congress will
consider using the appropriation or
dtnarlly made for one battleship for
building of twenty-eight new subma
rines. By sacrificing one battleship
the American navy could step almost,
alongside England and France In
submarine strength.
One of the chief recommendations
the navy will make will be an In
crease in personnel. It is estimated
18,000 more men are needed to man
the present fleet, including ships un
der construction. More torpedoes also
will be asked for.
The army will appeal for more am
munition. The shortage In shells and
other munitions has been emphasized
for many years without congressional
action. There Is every indication that
not only ammunition, but more field
artillery and 16-lncb const defense
guns, will be urgently requested.
What Secretary Garrison will seek
chiefly, however. Is n definite settle
ment by congress of the much debated
problem of an adequate regular army,
with the progressive development of
a policy an nlogous to the formulated
by the general board for the navy.
Details of the general staff’s plan
for a reserve ai ray are expected to be
revealed by Mr. Garrison.
iunntn
UDICAN NATAL 1110
BUILT FBI BFFINSVE
i
New Oaft Designed for Om Flee*
May Revolutionize Warfare at tim
—Submarine to be fMx TtaMn Lara*
GERMANS ADVANCE.
Allies Reports Show That They Have
Lost Ground During Last Week.
The military expert of The New
York Times after studying the war
reports of last week says while the
reports from allied sources have an
nounced various victories in the Yser
Yys district, that nevertheless their
line proves to have been forced back
seven miles to Bixschoote, five miles
north of Ypres. Both to the north
and to the south of this city the Ger
mans have forced back the opposing
armies, but in the Immediate vicinity
of Ypres the British resistance stif
fened after the first retirement. '
The German retreat in East Prussia
and Poland seems to be greater than
is called for' by the Russian opera
tions. It seems probable that they
have fallen back rapidly to take up
positions where they can act on the
defensive and hold back the Russians
while part of their forces move
against the French and Britislr in the
west.
BENDING TROOPS.
Orman Reinforcements 'Arc Reported
by The Hague.
The Hague reports enormous num
bers of German reinforcements are
en route (o France and Weet Flan
ders. Reports from Liege state that
for the last three days long trains
loaded with soldiers have been pass
ing through that city from Alx-la-
Chappelle.
Two hundred cars passed through
in one day and were followed by
eight trains loaded with ammunition
and several carry submarine^ and tor
pedo boats in sections, together with
their crews and war materials.
It* Is believed certain that the Ger
mans are determined not only to hack
their way through to the coast cities,
but that they also plan operations
against the English coast. • The tor
pedo boats and submarines have been
sent direct to Burges, where already
large quantities of naval reserves and
active seamen have been massed.
would even this small part of the
banking capital of the Uni
UWUHW IflUWUffBgg’HT
or the
plan: but, upon being lent, would re
turn at once into general circulation.
•“I am. unable jo see how such a
plan could be thought to fall within
the purview of the anti-tniat laws.
o ' “Sincerely yours,
' (Signed)
"T. W. GREGORY,
Attorney
—«r Thau Prarant V«
Type With Speed of
* There was keen Interest in naval
and diplomatic circles in Washington
in announcing the completion of plans
and specifica* ious by tne American
-navy department for a a new type of
war yessel to be technically designat
ed a fleet submarine. The construction
of this new and powerlu! vessel is m
jfart of the government's plan for in
creasing the general efficiency of thw
navy.
Official confirmation of every ss-
sentlai detail of the dispatch regard-_
ing the submarine was obtained from
Secretary Daniels and Hear Admiral
Richard M. Watt, chief of the bureau
of construction and repair, tinder
whose direction the drawings for tho
new type of war craft were prepared,
with the permission of Secretary
Daniels, in response to inquiries from
newspaper correspondents. Admiral
Watt replied categorically to n series
of questions, and in his responses,
made in the presence of Secretary
Daniels, 'Admiral Watt confirmed th«
published facts regarding the charac
teristics of the-new submarine, as
well as the fact that bids for its con
struction would be opened on Decem
ber 15.
Admiral Watt admitted that tho
fleet submarine would be n new typo
of war craft, that it would be double
the size of any other submarine yet
built or designed for the American
navy, that -it would be a sea-keeping,
fleet-going submarine of more than
20 knots speed, intended for offen
sive attack In contradistinction to tke
existing type of coast-going subma
rines,' which are designed primarily
for naval defense.
It was made plain by Admiral Watt
that the feature of the specifications
was not the mere size of the new fleet
submarine, but the fact that it would
provide foq an entirely new type of
naval war craft. It is designed to be
the biggest and fastest nndsr-watsr
craft in the world, but the fact that
it will be able to go anywhere the
American battleship fleet gees, in
stead of hugging the coasts, that It
may cross the Atlantic Ocean under
Us own power, something no other
submarine has yet dons, sad caa go
to the middle of the Atlantic to at
tack an enemy’s warships and still
have the ability to rstnrn to Ms bene
on the American const line, makes tke
proposed fleet submarine a radical de
parture In naval construction.
Congress has appropriated $4,4<t,-
000 for the construction of sight or
more new submarines, of which oner
will be of this new type. After sub
tracting $1,250,000, the estimated
cost of the fleet submarine, the nary
will have about $3,110,000 with’
which to build the other seven or
eight coast defense submarines which
congress authorized when it quietly
provided funds for this new type of
craft. This meins that the other
seven or eight submarines for which-
bids will be opened on December 1&>
will cost about $450,000 each, and at
comparison of this with the sum of
$1,250,000 that is to be spent in
building the monster new snbmnrine
is of Itself evidence that the new ves
sel will be fully double the sise of the
old ones.
The American navy has never at
tempted to send a submarine across
the Atlantic Ocean under its own
power, and would not dream.of send
ing the coast defense submarines
from an American port to the Philip
pines. The few submarines in the
Philippines were transported there
on the decks of warships. Nor has
any foreign power sent any of its sub
marines across any of the big oceans.
The fact is that no submarine evei;
has crossed the Atlantic or Pacific ex
cept on the deck Qt another ship, and
none is in existence that would be
risked on such a Voyage. *
The fleet submarine will be expect
ed to go wherever the battleship fleet
may go; to cover as much distance as
a dreadnought, and maintain the
same speed as a heavy battleship. It
will he expected to go from New York
to Liverpool or to Gibraltar under its
own power. Under forced draught
our battleship fleet is expected to
make 20 or 21 nautical miles an hour.
Unless a submarine were able to do
the same thing it could not accom
pany a fleet, because the speed of at
fleet is determined by the speed of its
slowest unit. Our present submarines
make 11 knots on the surface.
The German U-9 displaces about
250 tons, and 600 tons is about tho
limit of size necessary for coast de-
feflse submarines. The now Hoot sub
marine will displace 1,000 tons and
will be six times the sixe of the Ger
man U-9. The mission of the fleet
submarine will be primarily to attack
the enemy’s battleships of the first
line on the high seas. ^
It may either be sent out to tho
far reaches of the ocean alone to
search for dreadnoughts and sink
them, or It may be sent ont with m
battleship fleet to aid in destroying
the enemy’s dreadnoughts. >
What the yjfluence of the complete
succees of a fleet submarine, highly
developed and built In large numbers
uture of the dree4nooght and taper-
l-
dreadnought Is ae yet problematical,
but It is‘bound to exert n marked in
fluence upon the ase.lf not epos tho
design of tho future bettieshipe
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