The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, August 10, 1899, Image 1
OL- XXII-
BARNWELL, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY, AUGUST 10,189Q.
/
NO. 49.
—
BUTX^SR’a NARRATIYR J,
OF HI# I<A8T MARCH.
' ''
FROM OOIjUMBIA TO THB 8UR-
RRNDBK AT ORBBN8BOKO.
• S r _
Row the Confederate Cavalry Har-
raaaed Sherman’s Force in r Its
Mtrm<»rable Devastations.
At the Chester reunion Gsn. M. C.
Bu'.ltr was the annual orator. Instead
of indulging in a speech filled with
customary platitudes he recited a nar
rative oi the retreat of Joe Johnston
Irom Columbia in the face of Sher
man’s overwhelming army. Gen. But
ler is known to have'been a sagacious,
as well as dashing .cavalry leader and
his observations of that famous march
are well worth reading and remember
ing. Gen. Butler said:
Comrades, Ladles and Gentlemen 'J
Your committee has done me the
honor to request me to deliver an ad
dress bJore you to-day. I will, with
your permission, appropriate the time
• .t apart for the purpose with a simple
narrative of the operations of the
troops under my command-from the
evacuation of Columbia to Johnson's
•umaU.r. It has seemed to me we
have no*, devoted enough of the time
of our annual reunions to historical
purposes. Possibly such subjects
fere not so entertaining for the time
being, out I am quite sure they would
bo useful to those who oome after us.
Besides, we have with us, I am pleased
to say, our younger brethren, the Sons
of Veterans, many of them endowed
with the gift of eloquence and oratory,
( who will gratify and entertain us with
their worthy enthusiasm in the cause
\ of their fathers. The period of which
^I shall speak will embrace the last
days.of that constitutional republic,
the Southern Confediracy, that came
into being by the spontaneous action
of Its citizens, and fleshed its brief ex
istence among the nations of the earth
with a brilliancy and grandeur of ac
hievement In military and civic ac
complishment never before equalled in
the annals of all history. It was a sad
day when this great light of constitu
tional government was put out, by
superior force and overwhelming num
hers, its record will’survlve through
the ages among the grandest and
greatest 1 (Torts of mankind to establish
and perpetuate a form of government
best suited to the happiness and wel
fare of lie iohabltante.
Its clvi,! history is no less brilliant
then its military, and the two combined
make a record unsurpassed in human
effort
Tne buraiag of Columbia by Sher
man was among the last acts of the
geeal tragedy of 1061 65 This act was
wholly unnecessary, and a clear, fla-
graat violation of all ruiae of clvilliSd
eevfere. Hut the city bad been
mnrked as the capital of the “Crhdie
of Secession,” and fell a victim to the
vroo*n and hatred of her eoomlea.
Charleston, the splendid old city by
the sea, was really the “Cradleof Se
cession,” but for days, and weeks and
months, end years she bed' rests leu
and rvpcited combined assaults by lend
and weier with n tenacity and skill
and pluck that challenged the adml-
reftoa of the world and made a oe*
epoch in the science of military de
fense. Be it said lo her glory, she
never surrendered.
Uolumbla,' fair and beautiful Colum
bie, suffered vicariously for the bull dog
obstinacy of HOullrlc, Sumter and
Wegener, but, thanks to the energy,
S ilence end confidence o! her Inhab
mu, she has literally rleen from her
ashes and again put on the garb of a
new life, ana le today a monument to
the baffled vengeance of her enemies,
and tbe undismayed pluck of her peo
pie.
Tbe city waa evacuated by tbe laat
of the Confederate forces oa tbe moro-
infof the Htb of February. 1865. It
waa my fortune to command adlvlalon
of oevalry, computed of Butler's and
Young’s brigades, which constituted
tbe rear guard of # Beauregard’s relit*:
Ing army, and It waa my duty to super
intend tbe withdrawal of our % troops
In such a manner as not to give excuse
to Sherman’s Incoming forces for a
violation of the agreement made by
the mayor, that veneraWe and honor
able gentleman, Dr. Goodwyn, and
General Sherman, that If the Confed
erates should withdraw- without re
actance the city should have immuni
ty from aaeault and violence. The
compact waa strictly carried out on
our part. Let thsebarred remnanU
of this beautiful, dlaarmad and help
less city speak for tbe good faith and
honorable conduct of tbe other side.
General Hampton retired with
Young's brigade, then commanded by
CoHj. G. Wright, early that-mornlng
the Wlnnsboro road, and later I
to
other brigade,
H. Rutledge, hy
i
motyed out with the
commanded by Col. B
the Camden road. Reaching Taylor's
lane, east of the old Chhrlotta depot,' I
baited for an hour or more to witness
the movement of a column of Sher-
'man’s army down the main street to
the State House. The city was free
from Incendiarism at that time, but
that night the inhabitants of tbe
doomed city ware engulfed ia walls
of Darning tire, tbe demon of bate bav-
iag been let looee on Its helpless vic
tims.
It is not In the best taste that the
pronoun “ I” ybould be frequently used
in a narrative like this, but it is al
most impossible to be impersoaal in
giving details so essential to a clear
understanding of the operations. Be
good enough, therefore, my comrades,
to bear In mind that In alluding to my-
*elM embrace the officers and men of
that gallaat ^ division of Confederate
horsemen who had illustrated their
splendid valor and dashing courage so
long and so faithfully. It was slmi
my good fortune' to be associated with
them Add participate in the glo^y of
their achievements. * r
Resuming the march about 0 or 10
o'clock in tbe forenoon, we moved out
to Dent’s mill oa tbe Camden r&td,
thence through the pioe woods to Kil
lian's mill, where we joined the other
brigade and bivouacked for tbe night.
Exhausted by anxiety and loes of
sleep of the two days and nights be
fore* we slop* so soundly that we were
not aware until next mornlnr, at least
1 was not, that Colambia had been de
strayed by fire, although only eight
■tlee away.
Daring the next day, the 18th of Feb
ruary, Blair’s corps, the seventeenth,
was pushed out along the Charlotte
and Columbia railroad and appeared
across Killian’s mill poad an 1'creek,
and we'bad a sharp encounter with It
In tbe afternoon. 1 bad the dam of tbe
pond cut so as to flood the low ground
and 3beck Btal r’s ‘advAnde. WrWT
ployed along the ridge in front of the
railroad station and kept up the fight
until dark, losing two men killed and
several wounded. Tbe loss inflicted
on- the enemy I bad no means of ascer
taining, except some prisoners cap
tured by mr scouts. N^xt morning w6
marched toward Wlnnsboro, via Doko
(now Blythewood) and Rlageway.
I suppose General Beauregard, and,
as for that matter, all jpf us, assumed
that Sherman’s next objective point
was Charlotte, N. C. Consequently, af
ter a halt of a day at Wlnnsboro,
where LW,became my.painful duty to
have destroyed eighty dozen of Gov
ernor Aiken’s fine old wine (sent up
from Charleston for sa'ety), to pre
vent its falling into the bands of the
enemy and tickling their thirsty pal
ates. I was ordered out to Gladden’s
grove for convenience In getting for
age, watching Sherman’s right flank,
while tbe remnant of Hood’s army,
with Wheeler’s division of cavalry,
continued up the railroad. General
Hampton directed me to rid myself of
wheels, move around Sherman’s right
flank and join him at Land’s ferry on
the.CaUW'pa river. -
I accordingly ordered my wagons and
artillery towards Charlotte, and with
the mounted column started from
Gladden’s grove in tbe early morning
of my second day there, by tbe near
est road leading towards Columbia, In
tending to pass between Sherman’s
army and that city. We bad not ad
vanced far before running Into tbe
Fifteenth corps. This corps and the
Seventeenth composed Sherman’s right
flank, sod the Fourteenth and Twen
tieth bis left. After a sharp fight with
the Fifteenth corps, continued long
enough to develop tbe strength of tne
euemy in my front, and finding I
could not overcome so strong a force
on that road, 1 moved to my left so as
to get Into tbe river road, the only one
left open between m> column and tbe
Wateree river. Tuts, too, tbe enemy
had occupied In force. Late that af
ternoon an Incident occurred wbicb
satisfied methaiSberman had changed
direction to tbe right qnd was not
moving on Charlotte. A prisoner wet
brought to me who said he was an arti
ficer of the reserve ordnance train of
tbe Twentieth corps, and tbat bis train
bad been ordered to camp tbat night
at Rocky Mount, on tbe t ateree river.
This would throw the Twentieth corps
entirely out of tbe direction of Coer-
Idle, and convinced me for the first
time that Sherman would move acroe*
tbe State toward Cneraw, at right aa
gles with the x>urse be bad Men
marching, and 1 sent n dispatch, at
once, to Generals Beauregard and
Hampton notifying them of bis ubaege
of route. This necessitated a ebauge
lo my contemplated movement, as i
could not get nrouod between Shet
man and ihw river, ktherefore moved
up through Ueckhamville ioiecdtng to
pass the river at some convenient
crossing higher up. Dr. Cloud, a ven
erable old gentleman of 82 years of
age, residt.d'al Ueckhamville, and the
only two members of his family with
him were two youcg ladles, his grand
daughters He requested me to have
our animals all fed from hts well stored
barns of forage, and notified me where
be bad concealed his valuables. 1
afterwards learned he bad Men strung
up by the neck twice by Sherman s
soldiers to coerce him Into disclosing
tbe whereabouts of his silver anu
valuables, lo this they failed, as I
alto learntd, but bis negroes betrayed
the places of concealment, and tbe
silver and jewelry fell Into the bands
of Sherman’s officers acd mqo.
We moved from Beckhamvllle to Fish-
i/ig creek, and bivouacked fortbenigbt
at Anderson's mill. Tbat night we
oould trace tbe line of Sherman’s
camps by the glare of Incendiary fires,
lighting up tbe horizon for miles above
and below’ us. I had been ordered to
drive ahead of us all the work animals
posslblewfrom the country, to prevent
their falling Into the hands of the ene
my. Wo carried away with us nine
or ten very tine mules of Dr. Cloud’s
and three or four of Dr. Anderson’s,
and after the surrender at Greensboro
I directed tnem lo be returned to their
Owners, but whether any, of them
reached their destinations I cannot
say. I learned tbat 1 was soundly
abused for taking the animals away
If their owners bad been aware tbat 1
was acting under orders, and bow much
trouble they caused me, they would
doubtless have spared me.
Next morning we moved from Fish
ing creek towards Goucbe’s ferry, on
the Catawba river, and as tbe people
living on our line of nYarcb cduld give
me no information of a ford, I deter
mined to ferry over tbe men and equip
ments in tbe ferry boat at Couches,
and swim the horses. The Twentieth
and Fourteenth corps were closing In
on us above, and the Fifteenth and
Seventeenth below, so tbe chances of
getting out on the west side of the riv
er were out off.
1 had one tquadron unsaddled and
started a man on a strung horse ahdad
with tbe loose horses following to swim
across. The mounted man bad almost
reached the opposite bank with the
loose horses following cloeely on his
heels, when, for some unaccountable
reason, the looee horses turned and
swam back to our side of tne river
They drifted with the current some
distance down, and struck the bank
below the landing, and It was only by
prompt and bard work we managed to
draw them up the muddy, steep bank
and s^ve them. * /
Tbe situation looked lather squally.
Fortunately I had sent scouts up and
down the river, as we oould learn noth
Ing from the citizens of the neighbor
hood, with Instructions to examine all
tbe croeslngs within reach. Those
from beiow reported a ford at Wades,
Wades’ ford. It'was. the work of
very few minutes to mount and make
for this ford, which was crossed late
In the afternoon, and the Federal com
manders were disappointed la bagging
their game, as we learned from a pris
oner takes dlxt morning, who was
clerk at Logan’s be*’.quarters, tbat
they expected to do.
After passing Lancaster court bouse,
where tbe home guard had been dis
banded by General Gar ling ton the day
before, we moved east, or south-east.
On the old Hanging Rock battle
ground of the revolution, the Cobb Le
gion of Young’s brigade bad an en
counter with a regiment of Sherman’s
bummers, aud drove it pell mell for
somifi^dUtance, killing and capturing
quite a number. Thence we marched
towards Caotey’s plantation on little
Lynches creek, we were constantly
engaged with flankers and bummers of
the enemy, and the night before we
reached- Camay’s. I bad intended to
make a night attack on the Fifteenth
corps, but a terrific rain storm came
up before we could get in striking dis
tance. Tbe night was tbe darkest and
the rain tbe hardest that I have ever
cnown before or since, and so inter
fered with cur plans as to make an at
tack at daylight Impossible.
When we reached Cantey’s, about 9
o'clock next morning, we discovered
the enemy loading eight or ten wagons
from Mr. Cantey’s barns. 1 sent Col
onel Rutledge forward with tbe Fourth
South Carolina regiment to charge
amtiakd the wagons and escort. This
was done In handsome style, captur
ing tbe loaded wagons,. and several
prisoners.
We hurried them to the bridge near
by over Little Lynches creek, and just
as our rear, tbe Phlllfp's legion cl
Young’s brigade, was clearing the
bridge, a regiment or brigade of Fed
eral infantry swung suddenly out and
opened fire, but they were too late to
do much damage. Here it waa that
Sherman's troops caotured and carried
off Mr. Thomas Puryear’s celeb-ated
race horse “ Censor" and others. They
were racing them below Cantey’s farm,
as we learned, when we came upon
them.
Tbe swamp on the east or north side
of Lynches creek was covered with
water from tbe heavy rains, in some
places up to tbe saddle skirts. As we
were moving Into tbe water neces
sarily at a slow pace a squad of mount
ed bummers followed u* and fired on
our rear. Tbe audacity of tbe thing
took us somewhat bv surprise, but the
rear guard, the Phillips legion, alwa,
ays
ned
began to dictate aloud an order to bis
adjutant general, Maj. Roy r for tbe
withdrawal of the troops. \
Tbe first paragraph directed tbe
chiefs of tbe quartermaster, ordinance
and subsistence departments to begin|l7Qtethlng ; as I draw my remarks to fe
the moving of their trains next moru-
ag
Ing at daylight. When the paragraph
was finished I suggested that the order
be changed to take effec
effect at once that
f the
'A
if
prepared for any emergency, tfir
upon them and killed, captured or
wounded the entire party.’ seventeen
In number, before tiey could retrace
their steps to the bridge.
We moved Into the pine woods to
3ig-Lynche* creek, now Lynches river,
end crossed at Pierce’s bridge, turned
down the stream to Kollytown, a ham
let near Tiller’s ferry. As Sherman
appeared to have halted on the south
side of tbe river, it occurred to me be
might determine to turn the head of
his oOlumn towards Georgetown, on
account of tbe scarcity of supplies, but
U turned out be was delayed by high
water. I halted for two days at Kelly-
town and sent Coljnel Hugh Aiken
lib a strong detachment down the
river on a recon nolle ring expedition,
and Maj >r Brown, of tbe Cjbb legion,
up the stream on a similar errand.
Late on t e afternoon of tbe second
day 1 beard from Major Brown that
Blair’s corps, the Seventeenth, had
crossed at Pierce's bridge, where we
bad crossed, and from the detachment
under Colonel Allen thet the enemy
had crossed below. This gallant offi
cer waa killed tbe night before In a
fight with a detachment of Sherman's
army, near Mt. Eron church. Tnl# de
lacbment had been sent toward Flor
ence to release the Federal prisoners
mprlsooed there. Aiken’s encounter
turned them back.
Becoming satisfied from these re
mits that Sherman was moving 00
Cberaw we started about dark for that
point, marching all that night, and
next day reacned the Confedsrate out
posts just before sunset.
1 reported to General Hardee, who
had moved the garrison from Charles
ton,.Moslstlng of about 14,000 men, as
reported at tbat time. Tbe advance of
Blair’s corps reached within a few
miles of Cheraw the same evening that
we did.
I Informed General Hardee that
Blair's corps, consisting, as I wso in
formed, of 17,000 or 20,000 iqenr must
have been at least 12 hours qiarch
ahead o^the other corps of Sherman’s
army, and suggested .that he attack
Blair next morning with his 14.C00 men
reinforced by my division, and that if
hs would do so I was satisfied we oould
administer a severe blow and check
Sherman’s advance, but he did not ap-
ear to think It advisable, and, per-
ape, he was right. General Hardee
directed me to picket Thompson’s
creek and to go In person to Chester
field court house with such of my
command as I could spare and watch
tbe movements of tbe enemy from that
direction. He ordered a brigade^of..in
fantry on duty on the Chesterfield road
to report to me with this small force.
vVe retired fighting at every point
from Chestei field court house toward
Kershaw. At nightfall the enemy had
not crossed Thompson’s creek, which
is about eight miles distant from Che
raw by the Chesterfield road and four
miles by the road to Camden. We bad
to guard the crossings of the creek
covering the entire front of Cheraw.
A short time after dark a courier
brought me a message from General
HarJco directing me to report to him
at once. I reacned bis headquarters
about 9 p. m., and as there have been,
a gooi many romances about what oc
curred that night and next day, I will
ask you to excuse me for entering
rather minutely Into the details of
what I know of the incidents, and
shall only speak of what comes within
my own knowledge.
I found at General Hardee’s bead
quarters General McLtws, General
Ranse Wright, General Talafeiro and
General Stephen Elliott. They had evi
dently been holding a council cf war,
for soon after I entered and exchanged
salutations General Hardee said to me
In aubstanoe, the following : '^‘General
after your^exberlence in today's opera
tions, what do you advite in regard to
the evacuation of Cheraw?” My
prompt reply was, “ tbat he ought to
get his army across the Pee Dee at the
earliest possible moment ” Some oi
the other officers, notably'General Me
Laws, advanced the opinion that there
was no occasion for haste. I said
" Well, gentlemen* you have asked my
opinion and I have given It frankly,
and have heard nothing to induce me
to change It.” I had had no intimation
of what had been discussed' before my
arrival, but my opinion Appeared to
settlo whatever doubt that existed, la
General Hardee’s mind, as he at once
night, and the ohanfce was accordingly
made. The last paragraph of the order
directed tbat my division should bring
up the rear, destroy what public stores
tbat might be left and burn the cov
ered bridge over the Pee Dee.
* My reason for suggesting the change
in General Hardee's order was based
on the fact that great quartltles of
stores, public and private, had been
sent up from the low-country to Che
raw for safety, and I felt quite sure it
would require more time for their re
moval In view of the rapid advance of
tbe enemy, red the event proved the
correctness of this opinion.
By daylight next morning the in
fantry. artillery and wagon trains had
been pretty well cleared out of the
towo/leavlng only my division. I
scarcely time to get in one of my
gades from' up tbe Chesterfield
before the enemy reached the
skirts of Cheraw on the Camden roi
I halted a Georgia battalion of Infantry
at the fork of tbe two roads to hold
tbe enemy In check until Young’s
could get In on the Chesterfield road.
As it was, 46 men were cut off, but they
managed to make their way across tbe
river higher up and escaped. As soon
as the origade got in l relieved the in
fantry battalion, which, In the mean
time, had had rather a fierce skirmish
with the advance of the enemy at the
fork of the roads.
I then deployed everything I had
across the different streets and retired
to the bridge in the face of a sharp fire,
returned shot for shot, exoep*. that we
had no ariillery, while the enemy
brought a battery and fired down the
main street. The horse of one of my
couriers, Eiward Wells, of tne Cnar-
leston Light Dragoons, waa killed, un
der him before reaching the bridge.
So cloee was tbe call at the bridge
that.a* my rear guard passed out at
the east end the enemy was entering
tbe west end. Tbe rear guard constated
of a squadron from Young's brigade,
commanded by Capt. Baugh. Happen
ing to be witb the rear guard 1 directed
Capt. Baugh to dismount bis men,
send his horses behind the abutment
of the bridge, drive the eoemy out and
set fire to tbe bridge. As horse flesh
waa very valuable at that time, 1 sent
my own out of danger, and together
w« drove tbe eoemy out acd set fire to
the piles of rosin deposited et Intervals
along the fljor of the bridge hy Gen
eral Hardee's engineer i (fleers We
•non bad It In flames and gave General
ilardee time to start bis heavy trains.
Col. Alfred Rhett was ordered that
evening to report to me for duty with
his brigade as a part of the rear guard.
The brigade consisted of the First
South Carolina regular infantry com
manded by Col. Wm. Butler, the First
South Carolina regular artillery com
mended by Lleut.,Coi. Joe Yet** end
the South Carollea heavy artillery
whose commander 1 do not now it call.
This brigade was deployed along the
east bank of tbe river and kept up a
lively sharp shooting with the enemy
until 9 or 10o'clock During the firing
Lieut. Col. Warren Adams, First South
Carolina Infantry, was wounded near
me by a shot In the chest whicn I sup
posed would be fatal, butf tbe force of
the bullet had been broken In some
way and only Inflicted a alight wound.
Col. Rhett was soon afterwards taken
prisoner at Averyaboro and tbe com
mand of tbe brigade devolved upon
Col. Wm. Butler. In this narrative 1
have-not attempted as much as a re
ference to the almost daily oonfliqtewe
had with some portion of Sherman’s
army. With only a handful of mco we
could only got an occasional blow at
delachm nta foraging and plundering
the helpless Inhabitants.
Soon after the evacuation of Cheraw
General Joseph £. Johnston assumed
command of the army. General Har
dee, however, commanded In person at
the battle of Averysboro in which my
division did not participate.
General E< M. Law was assigned to
the temporary command of Butler’s
brigade, and before the battle of Ben-
tonvllle, he was relieved hy Brigadier
General T. M. Logan, who had recently
been promoted to the vacancy occa
sioned hy tbe death of Brigadier Gen
eral John Dunovant. This gallant and
distinguished officer led the brigade at
the fight at McDowell’s farm below
Petersburg, and was killed on the
fighting line the 1st day of October,
1864. I rejoined General Hampton
who had been with Wheeler's division
near the old fair ground* in North
Carolioa. after a separation of two
weeks or more, operating on my own
hook. Just before we reached the
junction we had a tilt rfth Kilpat
rick’s cavalry, the first time we had
met, and recaptured some Catasrba
wine he had sent put to seize from a
citizen and took a number of prison
ers. We had also had quite a heavy
engagement with a portion - of the 17th
corps at the crossing of Black river,
where we killed and captured a num
ber of prisoners loaded down with
plunder.
I wish time permitted and your pa
tlence could further endure a descrip
tion of the attack on Kilpatrick’s camp
at daylight, his fligni in his night
clothes, Wheeler’s Inability to carry
out his part of the programme because
of an unforeseen obstacle, in a boggy
swamp and the severe losse-i we suffered
by reason oi the samo. Among others
killed on that eveotful morning was
Lieut. Col. King, of the Cobb legion,
while gallantly Ttadlug a dismounted
charge; also my friond and collegi
classmate, Sergt. Sam Cothran of thi
Sixth South Carol na cavalry, who was
shot down and instantly killed near
me, with 60 otherr, In an inconceivably
short space of tlm j. It a sad fate
eo near the end, after so many years
of such splendid service, I am not
sure, however, that they were not
more fortuea > than those -of us who
survived to scffsr the humiliation
of defeat and the i< rors of reconstruo
tlon. They died as a I gallant sold icra
prefer to die, fightUg on the front line
of battle for their convictions and love
of country.
Our fight in the streets of Fayette
ville, tha battle of Bentoovlila, the ar-
— ' _ _ __ __
'
mlstlcs, the final terms of surrender,
were the ringing down 6t tbe ojftaln
after the last acts of one of the most
gigantic struggles In the annals^ of
war. It may Interest you to learn
dug, as I draw my
0 ose, of the closing scenes which led
to the surrender and disbanding of
JohnetM’s army at Greensboro, N. 0.
With scarce 28,000 men he nad met
Sherman’s 80,000 or 90,000 at Benton-
vllle and fought one of the fiercest bat
tles of the war.
Lee having surrendered soon after
wards at Appomatox, Va., .a cessation
of hostilities was arranged between
Johnston and Sherman, aa I now re
member for 30 days. Before the ex-
S iratlon pf the armistice Generals
[ampton and Wheeler had left John-
tf a’* army to proiesd, aa it was under
stood at the time, to the trfns-Mississ
ippi department to join that army and
continue the war.
This left mC the ranking cavalry offi
cer of Johnston's army with headquar
ters at Hillsboro, N. C. Gen. Kilpat
rick covered Sherman’s front, and
through his and my headquarters all
messages between Johnson and Sher
man passed. The day before the ter-
mlnatloa of the armlst<ce Gen. Johnston
telegraphed me from Greensboro to
meet him at the railroad with an es
cort and led horse and accompany him
to Gen. Sherman’s headquarters Ac-
qordtnglv we were at the railroad to
meet him on the down train, with a
souadron of cavalry and extra horse.
When we were within a mile or so of
Sherman’s headquarters we were met
hr a detachment of Kilpatrick’s cav
alry and escorted to the small farm
house where Gen. Sherman was await
ing us. He and Gen. Johnston entered
the house, while I, accompanied by
Gen. T. M Logan, Mai. John 8. Pres
ton and Capt. James N. Lipscomb, of
my staff, remained In the yard.
In a short time we were joined by
Gsn. O. O. Howard and later by Geos.
Schofield, Blair and Kilpatrick, with
whom we engaged in conversation un
til Invited Into the bouse to join tbe
two commendlg generals, after they
had made their final terms of capitula
tion. It is contended, 1 believe, tnat
these terms were drawn up by Maj.
Gen. J no. M. Schofield. Gen. Johnston
concentrated hL army at Greensboro,
where it was paroled.
Maj. Geo. Hartsuff of Sherman’s
armv and myself, representing John
stoo • army, were appointed a joint
commission to sign tbe muster rolls of
the Confederate cavalry. When my
signature waa attached to those rolls I
performed one of the most painful du
ties of my life, and I never recur to it
without fe feeling "of sadness and
gloom.
Goo. Johnston directed me before dis
charging the division that I should su
perintend tbe distributing of about
117,000 In sliver to the officers and men.
Tnls was done and my share of the
fund was 1175, which wss about the
amount of my worldly assets with
which to begin life anew.
We separated about the 1st day of
May, 1865, and marched to our homes
with the full consciousness of duty wall
performed. We made no apologies and
have made none since, tbe only re
grets felt or (xprosssed were tbat we
had not triumphed in our cause and
woo tbe final victory after so much
hard fighting and so many sacrifices.
In parting after this reunion who
knows to how many it will he the laet.
grqpt you, my old Confederate
friends, with the sincere affection of a
devoted comrade who has shared with
you tbe glories of successful beetle
der the Burry Cross and the jorrqpt
and gloom of undeserved defeat. And
BBYAH DUCUMtt TOR WAR.
fundamental Principles Involved In
the Qnestlon—A Republic Oanuoc
Enter Upon n Colonial Policy.
Wm. J. Bryan discusses the Philip
pine question in the New York Inde
pendent as follows: *
“ The Philippine question* Is Impor
tant because fundamenUl principles
are involved In its discussion. There
are two sources of government), force
and consent. Monarchies are founded
upon force, republics upon consent.
‘‘The Declaration of Independence
asserts that governmenU derive their
just powers from the consent of the
governed and this Is the doctrine to
which wt have adhered for more that
a century. It is tbe doctrine which
has distinguished us from European
countries, and has made our ngtion
the hope of humanity. The statue in
New York harbor typifies tbe nation’s
mission.
“Jf tne doctrine Set forth In'the De
claration of Independence Is sound,
how can we rightfully acquire sove-
retgnty over the Filipinos by a war of
conquest. If the doctrine set forth in
the Declaration of Independence is
sound; how can we rightfully purchase
aovereignty from a Spanish sovereign
whose title we disputed In Cuba and
whose rebellious subjects we armed in
the Philippines.
’In the resolution of Intervention
Congress declared that the Cubans
were and of right ought to be free.
Whv? Because governments derive
their just powers from the consent of
the governed, and Spain had refused
t the wishes of the Cubans,
f the Cubans were and of right ought
to be free, why not the Filipinos V
"In the beginning of the Spanish
war Congress denied that our nation
lad any thought of extending He terri
tory by war. If we then had ao
thought of securing by conquest new
territory In the western hemisphere,
why should we bow talk of securing in
the eastern hemisphere new race* for
subjugation ?
An individual may live a double
fe when only one llfu la known.
When both lives are known he oan
lead only one life apd that the worst.
A republic cannot enter upon a colo
nial policy. It cannot advocate gov
ernment by consent at home and gov
ernment by force abroad. The decla
ration of Independence will lose lie
value when we proclaim the doctrine
familiar In Europe, but dttestable
here, that governments are round la
shape, about thirteen Inches in diame
ter and fired out of oaenoa.
" For more than a oentury thi
try has been traveling along the
way which leads from the low domain
of might to the lofty realm of right,
and it* history has been without a
allel In thn annals of recorded
What will be our fate If we tare, hack-
vhe ■!e«c»-nl toward
PERILS OF EATERM OONQUm
A Republican leuaiot ■aye tbe
War m the Only Hope lor the
. publican Party.
Senator Burrow*, of Michigan, ia aa
interview with a reporter for the
Weshingtoe Pont, said:
“It Is my judgment thet if the war
ia the Philippines In still ia program
next year, end the end le aot then ia
sight, the situation will be to the dis
advantage of the Republican
The only hope for the
country, I might odd,' is
of oooditU
P*rty.
change
pines. Unless
( lines speedily
mportant polit
V 7 . epmdy
[itlona in the pElll|P
the war in thn PhlUp-
ends it will become net
important political factor, and ilacoo*
tinuanoe will make the outlook for Re
publican success uncertain, to aay tha
least. If I oould
would have elm
tlon or a base oi
of Luzon,
have my way, we 1
iply token aooeling ste-
Y supplies in the lelend
of Luzon, we would not hove peid a
penny to Spain, nad wo would nave
our foothold la the East wltlamt Ike
to
to the Sons of Veterans, porthy sons of
wo.'thy ilres, I congratulate you on the
heritage you have in the prestige of
your fathers, and commend their
splendid records as soldiers and Citi
zens to your jealous guardianship. A
few years more and there will be Both
ing of them left except the sacred
memorloa of their lives and the lofty
example of their unselfish patriotism
Total Deaths in Otis’ Army.—
The Seattle Times prints what pur
ports to be a full list of deaths la the
American army in the Philippines up
to June 1. The list was furnished by
Fred Eitell, a representative of tbe
the Manila Freedom, who claims to
have obtained It from the records of
the surgeon general’s office at Manila.
The total number of deaths Is 736, of
eblch 23 are officers, 699 privates, aac
14 civilians attached to the army. A
remarkable feature of the record is
found In the statement that the num
her of officers killed in battle is out of
all proportion to the* number of prl
vates killed. On the other hand
fewer officers died from disease pro
portionately than privates. Out of the
23 dead officers, 16 were killed in ac
tlon, 2 were drowned and 6 died of dis
ease. Of the 699 privates. 294 died of
wounds received In’ action, 9 were
killed accidentally, 23 were drownei
and 7 committed suicide, 106 died 0
typhoid fever, 89 of smallpox, 47 0
dysentery, 28 of pneumonia, 19 of
and 14 of meningitis
died from various dls-
14 deaths among clvl
and 3 from
n action.
malarial fever
The remainder
eases. Of the
llanr, 7 were from smallpox
gunshot wounds received in
—Miss Phoebe Ann West, of Nan
tucket, is the possessor of the most
remarkable twelve dozen spoons
this country. They were brought
America by Mis* Wot’s father, who
was a sea captain, several years ago.
They were of East Indian workmanship
and their minute dimensions may be
realized wheu It Is stated that the
twelve dozen perfectly formed spoons
are kept In an ordinary cherry stone
The carved cherry stone which holds
them is one of the most wonderfu
examples of skilled handiwork in ex
istence. It is exoulsltely carved and
mounted on a tiny silver and
stand. ^
-ivonry
a par-
time.
ward and begin
force and conquest.
“It is not sufficient to say that the
annexation of tbe Phlllpplee islands Is
benevolent undertaking entered upon
for the good of the Filipinos. Lincoln
pointed out tbat this ha* always been
the argument of klngt. To nse his
words: * Tbny n ways bestrode tbe
necks of the people, not that they
wanted to do it, bnt because tbe peo
ple were bitter off for being ridden.’
“ It is surprising tbnt nay believer
in self-government abouid favor forci
ble annnxntlon, hut still more surprls-
ng tbat any one who bell*van U tha
Christian religion should favor the
substitution 0! force for reason in thn
extension of our nation's Influence.
“ if we adopt the gun powder gospel
nthe Philippines, how long will It be
before that principle will be trans
planted In American soil. So long as
our arguments are addressed to the
reason and The heart our progress la
sure, but can we, without danger to
Christianity, resort to the ancient plan
of injecting religion Into the body
through bullet hole# ?
“ The question Is frequently asked,
what can we do? Nearly two months
elapsed between tbe signing of the
treaty and tbe beginning of hostilities
In the Philippines. During that time
tbe President and congress might have
given to tbe Fillplnoe the same as
surance* of independence that waa
give to the Cubans. Such assurance
would have prevented bloodshed. If
the doctrine of self government la
soufld, the Fillplnoe are entitled to
govern themselves and the President
oan now promise them Independence
as soon as a stable government oan be
established.
If the President is not willing to
take the reeponelbilitv of enforcing
the doctrine Mt forth In the declara
tion of independence, he can call Con
gress together and let them take the
responsibility. A special session would
be lees expensive than the war, not to
speak of the principles involved.
“Our nation la protecting the re
publics of South America Irom out
ward Interference while they work out
their destiny. We (Mu extend tbe
same doctrine to the Philippines, and,
having, reacued the inhabitants from n
foreign yoke, we oan guard them from
molestation while they develop a re
public In the Orient. They will be
our friends Instead of our enemies ; we
oan send school teacher* to Manila In
stead of soldiers and the world will
know that there Is a reality la the
theory of government promulgated at
ladependence hall and defended by the
blood of the Revolutionary fatben.”
About ten days ago Secretary Al
ger cabled General Otis, saying tbnt
there wm some criticism of him In the
American press, but assuring him thkt
he bad the entire oonfldenoe of the
sacrifice of Ufa and money. I believe
In finding new ihfcrkete for our people,
who are the great—t producers the
world hM ever known, aed the (Meat
doubtleee offers a greet opportnnlty.
No one yet knows whet po—ibUltlee
are to be afforded hf China, whieh.
seems bow to ha staggering to her tell.
If there Is to be a greet aevsiop—eat
In that direction l certainly want thn
United Stet— to have a share. At the
same time we most not overlook Ike
fact that we may rna counter et aay
moment to Englaed, Fraaos or Ger
many, and I bnllev* that Eegleed, eew
apparently no friendly, will strike —
at the moment w* crow her thresh
old. More than this, I nap frankly
thnt If our participation la tne Eentnrn
trade la to be purchased et the one! of
an indefinite war la tha Philippines we
will pay a very large pries for what we
reoelve."
“How would you moot the praseat
situation ?*’
“Tbe President le aeting wisely, le
my opinion, In endeavoring to r—torn
paeea and order In the Philippine* by
tending an 1 no tanned army to —elei
Gee. Oils. It is to be ninoorely hoped
thnt the fresh troops will bo eblo to
establish the authority of the United
States. Ws must remember, bower—,
that although wa her* bow teon fight
ing some time, we here conquered e
territory only about 60 mil— to
south, a mere bagatelle <
the Immense area of 1
If the additional troops seal to
Otis cannot r—tor* order,
will here to deal with the
aught to here, by the first o(
her, some deficits
which to act. For the pr—eat I
the Pr—ideal will eoetiaae ia hie 1
to end the troubi* end that his 1
will be crowned with seooees. Victory
for the RepuMloda party next year
will be made more eertele by the
wmcsss of our arms ia the rhlllp-
plnee."
“You would not now
Philippines?*’ eugg—ted the
“I do not see how we eeaget
now,” said thn Senator. “We a
surrender our ihlps to Agulueldo end
say to him that be eaa murder our sol
dier*. Now that we hare 1
the oaly thing we one do is to 1
oonfilet as boos — possible. Aft— thet
is does, the qn—tioa of the disposition
of the islands — their permanent re
tention r—ts with the people end with
Congra-.’*
rtth
hold back your cotton.
An Appeal to the
the South—A
Made le M—fcaaieg the
Thn Natchez (Mias.)
Issued the following appeal to the cot
ton farmers:
Tha time will sooa arrive for
rketlag of the next ootton crop end
unless a change is made — to the mode
of doing It the name low level ef prio—
thgt wee current last ye— will inevit
ably be the mult. It is a well estab
lished fact that Urge port and Uteri—
receipt* during the month of Septem
ber, October aed Noremb—, ere the
E reet factor* U making prio—, aed It
1 In your powtr to prareat thin — you
here the remedy U your own beads,
which U to hold book oa your
one-third of your gUalnp until
December or January. The two-thirds
will bring no—ly pa much money 1
keted la this way m the whole
marketed la the usual way.
in doing thin you will not bo depriv
ing the merchants — the banks to
whom you ere under obilgatio— of
what they are justly entitled to, bet
on the other hand, protecting aim—t
their salvation — well as your own.
The government says the acreage U
ootton lands la night per cent, lam thee
1—t year and that the July condition is
3.4 (three four-tenths) per oeat. Ians, —
a total depreciation of U.4 (eleven
four-tenths) per cent.
Estimating tbe ourreat cron et 11,-
200,0(0 bales it means a shrinkage of
1.277,000 bal—, or e crop of 2,923,000
balw for 1899-1900.
Notwithstanding all this, end the
further fact thet the ootton mills
throughout the country are mekiaf
profits ranging from 20 per oeat. to 40
percent., mighty efforts—e being made
to create the impreeeioe that the crop
will be an enormous one, with the view
of gettUg your cotton oheep and it is
for you determine whether the greedy
spinner will succeed.
Yon will be assailed by the wily
speoulstor with ail kinds of arguments
to prevent you from bolding your oot
ton, but it Is your own weapon
financial salvation depends
^ '« -- a
—D. W. Krider, of Wharton, Ohio,
a member of the 3d regular artillery
who wm 4 shot twenty-six tlmM In tbe
Filipino outbreak lo February, and
who received tbe most terrible wouedl
in the Manila campaign, still surviv—.
He wm shot at 1.30 o'clock in the
afternoon, and beeauM he wm thought
to have been killed, wm not treated by
the surgeoa until 9 o’clock thet night.
Hie escape from death on the field is
one of the most
secretary of war and the administra-
fETnirtment wU1 ***? ^ IPP 0 *! prOmi—et-
rSEtTiSl* *""* laoor oolaua Hi dnot.
were those which have b—n made pun-
lie, and consisted of commendatory
«ords of the general and troops in tbe
field for what they had accomplished.
—When a watch ticking on a table
In St. Louis can be heard at the ead of
a telephone wire la Cincinnati it la
time to congratulate ourselves upon 1 _p
our wonderful progress in communion- j v M
tlon. ,
-New Orleans has
street care
city hee
a part of each Issue la
eating It, ead we ask our
the preM, merchants and beakers, who
•re equally interested with uajn build-
iag up tbe prosperity of our ~
country,
efforte.
to
Wheel—,
aid us ia qpr