Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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,-v-r -W-; —,-•• ft v .. * ’ / :■ 'i ' . The Barnwell P( \ milos off U the dellglitful aummer re- The people who*e property la damaged by»theiro*d’B dla- - mentlement are to be commended Largest Circulation in the County for following cool oounael and refrain- ** * 4 from violent meaaurea of reala- tanoe. ', , The whole State and country la in terested In tbd determination of the la- auca of the case. A precedent la about tc be made. No discrimination la tn'aaable, aad If ooe.road can up at will, all can be destroyed If the owners so determine. ‘TT THES RIQIITS OF K:ULROADS. Oan the Owners »>e Kept from I>r molUhlng the Boat! or 1're'vent its * Operation by Others ? Columbia Beats. The principles Involved in the issues presented la the Carolina, Knoxville and Western railroad case, whioh' comes before Judge Urawley neict week, pertain to the fundamental law upen the relation of the railroads to the public. The decision will- be of vast importance and the effect will be far reaching, setting a precedent, there being few cases of the kind noted In the book?. * The plan for the construction of the Carolina, Knoxville and Western road was based upon the need of two great sections, a need which has cot yet been tilled and plans for whicb are still un der discussion, the proposed routes be ing different. The idea in view was the construction of a trunk line across the mountains, giving at Augusta and Port Uoyal an outlet for the great re sources of the territory around Knox ville. The scheme Is fascinating in its varied aspects, and it has been the cherished project ol dreamers, piactl- cal and impractical. No less a person age than John C. Calhoun foresaw the eminent desirability of its accomplish ment and the grand results to be oh- talced. . t - For a-tlme the Carolina, Knoxvil'e and Western project seemed to have success at hand. The people along the route grew enthusiastic and many townships in this State and North Caro lina voted bonds. Suits upon theju: township bonds have since been in the courts. Greenville County, which would have benefited so largely, voted an immese subscription which w^s wisely conditioned upon the road’s completion to Knoxville. Th& work progressed, much grading being done even over In North Carolina and around the mountains. The track wus laid north 12 miles from Greenville and sub sequently to the little tuwnol Marietta. 14 miles, nestling among the imposing foot bills of the Blue Kidjje. But financial troubles overtook the contrac tors. Knoxville refusi d to do her part because of an inefficient city council, the bane of more than one municipality. Various Stages of litrigallon ensued and a receiver was. appointed. From I'-vi to 18P2 the road, as far as completed, was operated and the receiver con tinued its operation until 181M1, when a sale was ordered. Since then it has Dot been operated, and the more recent legal developments arc tamitlar. Under a decree of the Fede: al court, in partition proceedings, the owners began tearing up the rails for the pur pose of selling, and thoae InU rested now Interpose to compel the operation of the road. The interest which the State lias In the pperation of a railroad is deduced from well established and time-honored precedents. It was recognized' in the earliest stages of civilization Wat- the erection and maintenance of public highways was ore of the powers .and oblivatlons of a sovereign State. 'The necessities ofcivllization, of commerce, of war, require facilities for communi cation and transportation. itimuh roads were synonymous with Unman progress, a$d the great highways built by the all-conquering people ol the Italian city stand now as evidence ol a great people’s rule in agts past. Every nation has mllowcd Home’s example, if on a smaller-scalo. One of the early methods of rOad building and maintenance was the "toll” road, constructed by persons authorized to do so by the State, tin Lr compensation to come from the " t ills” required of all passengc-s using the roads. The State or governmental am thority granted toTTictoIT road men a franchise, just as is now done in Un case of railroads. Toll bridges and ferries are the same in principle and* methods of transportation upon '‘in ternal water courses come under this head. When railroads began to be built this recognized and accepted theory of public proprietorship or interest in roadways and highways was at once applied to the new mea^s. of communl- THE CLBMBON TRUSTEES. NATIONAL PEACE JUBILEE. Victories of the In the War With To Celebrate the Army anti Navy Spain. A great peace jubilee will be held at t^e nation’s capital on the 23d of May. Tnis will probably be one of the great est and most enthusiastic gatherings of recent years, the occasion befog the celebration of the victories of our army and navy in the recent conflict with Spain. The festivities will last three days, and the program will be filled with grand and imposing spectacles. Gov. EUerbe has received the follow lag letter^, which explains the objects of "ifffe jubilee: Dear Sir : In behalf of the National i’eade Jubilee committee, we have the honor to Invite you, and the members of your staff, to participate In the Na tional Peace Jubilee to be held at Washington on the 23d, 24th and 25th of May, 1899. - Thu enclosed printed program will explain more fully the purpose of the celebration and the nature of the cere monies. -~ In extending this invitation we de sire to say that, while the movement was Inaugurated by the citizens of Washington, the celebrationjs to be a nuuonal affair In the fullest and broad t*St sense—a nation's tribute to the he roes of the late war, and a. cation’s celebration in .honor of the marvelous achievements which have transformed the United States into a world power in the interest of humanity. As incidental to the celebration, we respectfully submit some special rea sons why we desire the participation of all the governors on this occasion and Important Meeting: of the Board— Appropriations Made for the Ensu ing Year. The trustees of Clemson. College held a meeting last week of unusual im portance. All the members were pres ent except Governor EUerbe and Mr. is oer- Wannamaker, who were prevented by ha tf.rn~from coming. Their meeting was held fot- the purpose of finishing business left over- from the regular meeting of March 9, ,chief of whicb was the appropriations for the year. These appropriations could not be made at the last meeting, because un der the rules no transaction involving the expenditure of money ckn be had unless nine members are present, and eight only attended. 7 *~* r A full quorum being present this time, all necessary appropriations-were made for the year, and have been cut Bakino Powder Absolute ey tHiRE Makes the food more delicious and wholesome UOYAL BAKING powocn 00.. NEW vomc THE LAW ABOUT LYNCH IN The Supreme Court Decides that the Legat.Representative of a Perton Lynched May Recover Damages from the County. The Supreme Court has rendered an . ,, »j ... . . .... .. important decision in the matter of ^ damages In case of lynching to operate the college as cheaply as possible, consistent with thoroughness. A large saving has been effected in the matter of insurance ; the college Insisted upon and got a reduction in rates whereby It has eleven thousand more, insurance, with less cost than it had before. The amount of premium paid is about $6,000. This reduction was due to the good fire protection ho- joyed by the college, as well a* to com petition. I Dr. A. P. Anderson; professor of botany, sent in his resignation to the board, tQ take effect next September; he having accepted a very flattering offer from the University of Minnesota. It has been known for some tlipe that he contemplated leaving Clemson, and It Is with great regret tbut- he an nounces his Intention of leaving, for ho is considered a strong man and al though * comparatively young, has achieved a reputation in the scientific world. An election ol his successor wiir be held4n June. , The bbard has directed the building of a macadam road from the college to Calhoun depot. It will bo built after the most approved plans, and is design ed to be an object lesson for visitors to the college, who may be interested in the subject of-good roads, as well as affording a fine road over which to haul the large quantity of freight that visions, etc. In this connection gives systematic instruction in road making. The board has also ordered ma- why their presence here Is a matter of t [ 8 annually received, such as coal, pro- iiractiottl Importance to their respective Slates. It Is too often forgotten by the press and public that this is the city of all the States—one In whose welfare they have a common Interest and pride—a city governed directly by the people of _ Wio states, through their senators ami ctilnery for~thg- additional"equipment representative; in Congress.- ~ - - ~ • The national capital- was permanent ly located upon the bitnkt of tbe Po tomac in 1890. This is, then, tbe clos ing year of its first century as a Fed eral city, and naturally leads to the consideration of plans for public Im provement desirable and necessary for its future development as the "capital <>f the world’s foremost and wealthiest republics. Among the changes and improve- if tbe framers of the constitution were careful to provide in the organic law of the State a remedy' for. preventing the lynching of a prisoner and re mained, silmt as to the remedy in a 1 other cases of lynching. Tne cunstltu- been tuggoated^tce^Xt, h W been decided to frame noatiy a iVneam crrg-1 8 y d°hfn'-Tof" orlsoDZt The t.nn fnti.iai.iu7 numb;, r of Mr. Calhoun s papers and •— . / •>r cation and transportation. Some o the first railroads were "toir roads, in fact as well as theory. The same prin "•'dplff-ot public... tBiuncsc by authorities uponjaUroad law; and no railroad can be constructed without the permission of the people, In the shape of a charter or franchise from the delegated representatives. The granting of franchises is more and more being surrounded by safe guards as the industry grows. In many eases the necessary rights of way 'Ca'ft’"Rc secured only by legal processes, and every railroad franchise to be effective must carry with it to the recipient a delegation of the State's power to con demn property for the public good. The real estate of a landowner, even if he be unwilling, can thus be taken from him for this public purpose upon due compensation just as in the case of highways. In like manner the property secured or given specifically for a railroad right of way can be used only for that purpose, and should it cease to be so used the fee reverts to the original .owners. But after a road is con structed, can the owners cease its operation and remove the rails? It has been established that a railroad is a quasi-public Institution in which the people have certain rights and inter ests ; it is even contended that the owners are In the position of “ toll ” takers. Cannot they be then required to maintain and operate the road as the toll takers pf .the old-highways were required* to maintain the thor oughfares ? Or at least cannot "the owners'be kept from demolishing the road and thus prevent’ng I s ope atlod by others ? The immense amount of damage which would likely be done a .communi ty by the discontinuance of a road run ning through it is readily seen. It has been the history of railroad construc tion that along the linebf every new road, new towns spring up f new Indus*" tries are started, better facilities for .marketing are-Afforded, and the-in crease in valuation of affected property Is general. When a road, once in op eration. Is discontinued or.demolisbed the opposite result'Is most natural: valuations decrease, Industries lao guisb, markets are less accessible and the ootnmunity is in a worse state than before tbe road was built. When these facts are taken Into can- iideratlon it does not seem strange that the people between Marietta and Greenville should .resist the dismant ling of tbe road which did so much for them apd which promised more. Tbe section traversed is one of t-mal! towns, • good agricultural community "With varied and valuable products to market. Trarcer rilHTi or npiihaTrwdfth Tylng aaound the terminus, and only a few tne followrngr" A change of inauguration date from Nla-ch 4th to April 30th, being a re turn to the date upon which the first president, Gen. Washington, was inau gurated. This is a matter of the ut most importance to the militia and visitors from the various States, whose exposure tot e,Inclement weather, which almost Invariably mars the cere monies of March 4lh, remrlts in many cases of pneumonia and .death. Your o.vsenee here in May, which is a most u tractive month for visitors, will en able you to see the importance of the cbMge desired. The peace jubilee wnl be au object lesson In this reSptibl. The erection of permanent States’ buildings, o' headquarters, either in the city or in the beautiful suburbs, whore the valuable cereal, wood, coal .-id mineral resources of each State t >uld be intelligently an.I scientifically exhibited oy a compel* nl-offic.al to the I’ ousandsof domestic and foreign vis itors to the national capital, with a view of. attracting emigration and capital to tlie several States—a concen trated exposition—Is a matter which has been much dlscumeu, and is, we believe, one of practical importance to the ppople of the States. We desire your o|Hnion on this subject, and sug gestion* about the plan and scope. In brief, we desire the presence of the governors on what w1)l practically be a tour of inspection of tbe city, one half ui whose real estate and improve .dJULths. PiflpiQ.uf tiiO. TalesT~and wbh8s *''goveramenv ft wholly by tbe people of the States, for the citizens of the District of Columbia have no vote whatever. We trust the Importance of this in- viiat on will warrant an early and favorable response. Very respectfully yours, —— — W. S, KNOXj. Chairman of ExecutiveUom. Curiosities of Jersey La w.—Last year a^i eminent Judge in New Jersey distinguished himself by a decision that under the laws of the State no parent -could recover more than SI as actual damages for tbe los? of a child by the criminal carelessness of a trot ley company. This year another Judge has arisen to declare that the new Federal Bankruptcy law, as construed in New Jersey, provides for the im prisonment of p debtor in jail, but makes no provision for his release, and that consequently a petition in bank- rerptcy in New Jersey is practically a petition for imprisonment for Jife. The decision declares that an amend ment to the Urw^hy Congress le needed to permit the debtor la gel out of jail, but what is really needed is a surgical operation to permit of the admission of common sense Into tbe judicial cranium. * * ^ m~***im In January, 1897, Lawrence Brown was arrested on the charge of burning a gin house. He was dismissed by the magistrate, and, on the night of bis release be was lynched. Action was brought against the county of Orange burg for damages under the constitu tional provisions. Under instructions of Judge James T. Aldrich the jury rendered a verdict in favor of the county chiefly on the ground that Brown was not a prisoner at the time of his.being lynched, and that he was not taken from the hands'of the law to be lynched. Tbe lynching occur!ed on January 3, 1897, near Stilton. Judge Aldrich, in his opinion before tbe Circuit Court, took tbe position that tbe constitution applied to cases where prisoners were taken from the custody of officers of the court or law, and the case was not submitted to the jury on the evidence adduced. - Justice Gary renders the opinion of the Supreme Court, all the Judges concurring The body of the opinion is made up of copies of the constitu tional provision, the acts and matter leading up to the exoression of the Court, wnich is a sfoiiows : •‘ The intention of the constitution was to prevent the crime of lynching in two ways : First, by visiting upoi the officers of tber law the penalties therein mentioned, when a prisoner, lawfully in tbein custoly, was lynched by a mob, through malr negligence, noectioD It will be of ipter- ‘-permission or connivtirre,, and second, est to note that Clemson is one oi the l0 i nt ] uce the co operation of the tax- few colleges in tbe United States that of tbe electrical department. Tnis consists of a multiphase, alternating curfent generator and accessory appa ratus for use in tbe dynamo laboratory. All of the latest developments of water- power in South Carolina have “Been accomplished by tbe use of tbe alter nating current, and tbe addition of this most modern type of machinery to the already well equipped labora tory places tbe college abreast of the times In this department. have them hung around the president’s room. Some of these are of rare in terest, such as the official notification of his election as Vice President, com municated to him by John IJ lincy Adams, as President of tbe Senate; also his college diploma and other pap rs, from high officials, pf.much value. ^ ^ A FINE DISTINCTION. Ihe Troops In the Phllippiin-u Al lowed Increase of. Fay—Is War and Insurrection In' Progress ? Aj a result of careful ^onsid ration of the question, the Secretary of War .has issued instructions for the con tinued payment of the 20 prr cent ex tra allowed enlisted men in time of war to all the troops no>v serving in The Philippines, at least up to the time of their muster out. Under the law such extra pay is author.z d only dur ing the existence or imminence of war, and the impression obtained that it ceasi-d with the issue Of the President’s proclamation announcing the re-esta blishment of peace with Spain. While it is admitted atHrlio-.war department that the insurrection in the Philip pines does nut reach the dignity of war, it is contended that the soldiers who enlisted In the army for the Spanish war are entitled to the full war oav up to the time of their muster aul. ::r=—= In support of this view of the case, it is stated that tbe enlistment of tbe troops was in the nature of a contract, all tbe conuitions of which bold .good until its termination. At any rate, tbe officials of the department hold that tbe men in tbe Philipp nes who operation payers in preventing the lynching in order that their county might not be come liable to the penalty by way of e?amphfy damage.s, of-nq.^.^ thaxft »2,UU0 to the legal representatives of ihe person lynched. "Tbe lynching of a prisoner, and of one not in the custody of the law as such,, is murder in both eases. It wonlil, therefore, nt luast seem strange Without regard to the eon officers,’ whea.considered in words duct of. eonmetioa with thiT’ev il whicE the constitution intended-to r^muedy, must be construed to mean without refer ence to what has been said in^regard to the conduct of the officers, or in other words, without reference toother provisions oL the section- They were inserted for # -the purpose oHshowing that the proviso was to be construed, independently and without regard to what preceded it.'' T-e word ‘provided’ is omitted in the; A -t, and this fact shows that the Legislature gave To the words ‘ without regatil to the conduct of the officers’ the ccrstrudtion which ibis c urt has p at el »pon them. — " If must bo reuicuibereJ that many *f those whp were members of tbe con stitutional convention were likewise' members of tbe Gereral Assembly when said-act was passed. Whil'd, ol course, a'construction placed upon the Constitution by the legis alive branch of the government would not be bind ing upon the c»urts, still in this case it is well worthy of consideration. The act intended to make the county liable for damages in those cases only which fall within a provision oT the Constitu tion. and it has correctly construed the constitution to make a county liable for damages when the person lynched was not in the custody of the law as u prisoner. “ This renders unnecessary the con sideration of the interesting c^uestjo.a < .Tbat pot until-recently has the com- are risking their lives in the cause of lynched-, are valid on tbaground that —Dr. It. Monger, of San Antonio, Cal, was recently presented the Head and rattles of a great snake killed by a friend about eighteen miles from his city, and when the doctor prepared the head for mounting be found that it was supplied with four fangs, two full- grown and two others near them in the front region of tbe upper jaw. The fact of the snake having four fangs is interesting, says the Scientific Ameri can. In ail rattlesnakes there are, be- sides tbe poison fangs, rudimentary fsn-gs which, upon the loss of the old fangs, developed supply their place. In this case, howeter, the develop ment has been' abnbfmal, and tbe seebod pair of fangs have developed before Any logs of tbe old fangs has beedsuStained r * « —jin thfe police court in St. Louis-a certain Judgd Peabody has renderSd a decision discharging a wife-beater on tbe ground that "the wife was more guilty ’'than The husband.” She had disagreed with him about tbe manage ment of tbe children, and her offense in "trying to contradict and thwart her husband's will in the presence of their country are entitled to the benefit oi any doubt whicb may exist as to their right to this extra war pay. The C ayments will continue to be made as eretofore, leaving the question as to its legality to be .determined by the ac counting officers of, the treasury de partment when tbo accounts of the paymasters are rendered in due course of time. The war department occupies a somewhat singular position in this matter, inasmuch as, while it practi cally admits tbe existence of war in tbe Philippines for the purpose pf pay ing tbe troops, it denies tbe,existence of a state of war in that territory Tor •il international purposes. The rec ognition by the United States of a state of war in the Philippines would un doubtedly justify the recognition of the belligerency of the Philippine in eurgenta by foreign governments, a contingency which this government is' exceedingly desirous of avoiding. . Tbe desire of the volunteers to re turn to this country is evidenced in a report which shows that of those who have been offered opportunity to re- enilst, with the offer of a bonus in travel pay of over ASOO, only about 7 per cent will accept. Tae Volunteers, it is stated, d«ire to come borne by or ganizations, instead of individually. Some discharges of individual soldiers have been brought about by Congres sional pressure, but, as a rule, Gen. Otis has been disapproving all appli* thins for discharges except in the case of sick or wounded and disabled sol diers. .LjgUlat ufq-JIa »<n v-c the power independently of the con stitutional. provision, to past the Act hereinbefore mentioned." It has been held that statutes making a community liable for damages in cases of lynching, and giving a right of recovery to the legal repreqentdtiyea-of . the perFOT- the main purpose is to impose a pen ally on the cpmmunity-, which is given to the legal representatives, not bo cause they have been damaged, but be cause the Legislature jets fit thus to dispose of the penalty.* Such statutes are salutary, as their eff-’ct is to render protection to human life and make Communities law-abiding. But, as we have said, our conclusion renders un necessary a -consideration of this ques tion It is"not necessary to consider the exceptions in detail, as our views dispose of the main question in the case. It is the judgment of this court that tbe judg lent of the Circuit Court be reversed and the case remanded for a ney trial.” * • —As is well known Napoleon Bona parte died of carcinoma of the stomach, »V ttid T^e of fifty-two,, bis father having previously died atthirtpelgfat, of the same disease. When Napoleon was horn hi«*nother was very young, between six.w, n and twenty, in-com menting upon those facts, Mr. Hutch inson in the new nunF'er of the ar chives states that cancer is more com mon in the children of agei parents than of young ones, and suggests that the outbreak of cancer in Napoleon was probably due to inheritance, coupled with the depressing and at- nojring conditions under which bis last years were passed. —In a biographical notice of an eminent citizen of .Washington, D. C. it Is stated that he eame from “ qneOF the oldest families in America, his ancestors having come over in tbe Mary and John,” tbe second ship which reached New England from Gld Eng land. This will be a surprise to*a great many people who bad firmly believed u j ** tn ti®* of this country bad come over in . the Mayflower, bringing with them that large aesort- ment of clocks, spinning-wheels and furniture which is the admiration and , i enT y of the preeent age. Some kind and setting. theta a .bad , of memorial. U obviously due to a e , the hu *l>* nd , »hoee ancestors (and furniture) did bad a right to rebuke. not oome over in the May Sower. —In tbe current Blackwood Mrs. Charles Bigot tells a new story of Lord Nelson, which was related to her by her f at he rTAdm i ra 1 FJrcy. Two Spanish captains came on board the flagship with a request to be allowed to see " the greatest seaman in the world.” N-xlsou grumbled, but gave in and went on deck—forgetting that " at that momout his legs were bound up at the knees Abil ankles with pieces ol brown pap?r soaked in vinegar and UeiTon with red tape. This had been done to allay the irritation ariaing from mosquito bites.” —The Washington (D. C.) gas com pany, has been absorbed by the street railway and lighting syndicate, -which recently bought up Ml save qne of the elecric railways and all of tlie electric ^JigM compaiii, » ofjthe national capital. The syndicate’s bolding amounu to $30,000,000. Telegraping Without Wires.— The world of science and the associated worlu of trade and news have been considerably stirred by tbe report of tbe success of Signor Marconi, electri cian and inventor, in telegraphing from tbe South E oreland Light-house on tbe English coast to Boulogne-sur- Mer, in France, without a connecting wire. The distance is thirty-two miles, and is the greatest distance that Mar coni’s mechanism has as yet overcome, though his experiments have been suc cessfully conducted for many months. Tne principles of which he avails him self were discovered by other investi gators, but he has been highly suc cessful in devising an apparatus by which they are put to practical use. It takes some knowledge of electricity to understand precisely what bis ap paratus is, though it is described as so simple that a boy can make and use it. His messages are carried by electrical waves, which he excites with a transmitter at one point and reads by means of a receiver at another. The distance which the waves will travel depends, apparently, on the height of the vertical conductor of which he makes use. With a conductor eighty feet high he can signal eigh teen miles. His messages will pass through mountains without hesitation, and are not affected by storms. His system Is now practically useful to enable ships at sea to communicate with one another and with the shore, for telegraphing through mountains, and for otherf purposes. What the ultimatetlevefopmeit of it may be is past guessing, but it is not expected t» supersede the telegraph, and copper stocks are not is yet affected.-^Uarper’s Weekly. —Tbe French Minister of Public Works,Jn view of some recent serious railroad accidents, now requires all railway trains which carry passengers to be provided with requisites for prompt surgical aid to tbe wounded, as even wheu the services of surgeons are promptly obtained they are not always provided with the necessary bandages and other surgical appliances to aid the injured. The L’high Valley liail- ro*d has for years carried "first aid -packets” on all trains.—fbaamount of suffering which such precautions have relieved and the number of lives which have been saved are very great. All railroad companies should, In their own interest, carry eu?h outfits, and if they do not choose to do this at their own volition, they should be compelled to by proper legislation. —Free distribution of samples is be - ine extensively used by medicine, soap and tobacco firms.' Tossing the sam ples ou the stoops or in the yards is no longer tolerated. Distrltutors are Compelled to rap doors and await call and hand sample to the lady of the house with pleasant remarks as to the merits of the goods. This is qui^e ex pensive, but must pay, as new firms are constantly taking it up. Sampling by mail to applicants secured frfim newspaper advertising offering free samples is also increasing, no less than fifty firms jast month advertising to send samples, free of expense, it cost ing as high as five to nine cents for postage alone, to mail the sample. —Gov. Lind, of Minnesota, has urged the Legislature of that State to taxe some action looking to the return of the Minnertrta volunteers at Manila. Senator i’.qttlgrew has wjpttfb to the President requesting the release of the South Dakota volunteers. Tne same sort of demands are coming from other VVeetero Slates. The men say the war for which they enlisted is officially ended and that they should not be re tained against th- ir will. Killing men wh/) are fighting for their indepen dence will never be popular in tbe U nTted States —Though the State of North Caro lina owns *3,000,090 woith of stock in the North Carolipa railroad, it is said THE BILTMOEE FARMS. v. . Farm, Furnace and .Factory. The sections of the Biltmor? estate, now devoted to agricultural purposes are, with the exception of Ihe tract knot^n as the Plateau Farm, adjacent to the French Broad <and Swannnnoa rivers, two miles south of Asheville, N. C. The farm lands cover the allu viai bottoms and the neighboring hill sides. These bottoms were (fortu nately for the present owner) origin ally too swampy to yieldj heir full fer tility to the cultivator. Now, however, they are the most productive portion- of the farming lands. This result has been attained by systematic under- draining and deep cultivation, nearly two hundred miles of drain tile having been laid in the past five’years. The hillsides are a typical example of those, in the South which have been left to the tender mercies of the "renter.” Continuous croppiug without any re- 1 turn of fertility, shallow cultivation, and the washing down of the thin top soils, had reduced most of tlie land— never originally very fertile—to a con dition in which the ordinary farmei* would have abandoned it to brOom- sedge and scrub-pines. What it is possible to do with such impoverished tods five years of persistent effort is beginning to show. The introfluction of the clovers and cow pens into the rotation wherever possible, deep plow- ingnand subsoiling, together with lightr yearly applications of manure or boue meal, have increased the returns three fold. The wages paid on these farms are almost double the regular rates, and it is only by securing heavy crops, far above the Average, that there can be any returu for the large expendi ture. \ Nearly all Ihe hillside fields.have been seeded dowu to pasture and the cultivated crops concentrated on the bottoms, where sucli labor-saving tools as gang-plows, grain and corn harvest ers, can be profitably used onies, produce delicious honey,, froth "comb” and ‘‘extracted,” literally by the ton. A flock ol over, two hundred regis teied Southdown sheep, chiefly im ported, is kept on the sheep farm, and supplies mutton and lamb f«»P con sumption oh the estate. This flock will be added to largely, in the near future. « • * From the ferry farm, one hundred auii--forty Berkshire and grade Berk shire swine were last season made into ham, bacon and sausage, all of which has been consumed by employes of the estate. The Biltmore Berkshircs are all sons and daughters of noted prize winneis, and include such stock as Nora—prob ably the phampion sow of the world. They have now in quarantine at Gar field. N. J., probably the largest and richest importation of Berkshlres ever made by any one individual. This de partment is under the management of Reuben Gentry, long famous in the breeding circles and the show ring. .Shipments from j.hese different sec tions of live stock bleeding are going by every train to all sections of the country. . * . ■ Only thbse branches of agriculture which are best spited to'these moun tain sections, and the study of which will be of benefit to the neighboring farmer, have been undertaken; no T ‘faucy farming” has been indulged in, nor has anything been done for show. An elaborate system of book keeping for each department gives at Ihe end of the month the difference between cost and receipts. This is done with the conviction that experi ments are of but little service to the average farmer, unless it can be shown to him by actual figures that improved methods bring improved returns. The work is conducted on so large a scale that some years are still required to bring alt depaitraents iuto running order and to perfect the whole scheme. When that result is attained every effort will be made to give the public ihonwealth had a scrap of paper as tangible evidence of that ownership. State Treasurer Worth hai a new cer tificate, and whether any was ever be fore issued is not known. A search of all the records and documents In the treasurer’s office failed to reveal any signs of stock belonging to the State. —Speaker Reed recently met Repre sentative Ltccy of Iowa in the shaddw of the eutrance to the members’.lobby pf the House. He peered at the Iowa’ man, who bears a strong resemblance to the secretary of war. Walking up and greeting him with a laugh that conveyed a suggestion of relief, he as touished the representative by drawl ing out: " Lacey, you look so much like the secretary of war that you ought to be whitewashed.” -f ,—It.is claimed by a writer in the Monthly Weather Review that when a storm is approaching, song-birds cease their music. Forty-eight hours before beginning of a series of severe storms in Northern Illinois last summer not a sound was beaTd from the throats of the thousands of birds which inhabit that part of the country, and whose music in fair, weather is one of the ‘charms ofTbe district. —Dr. Negro, of Turin, has succeeded in curing one hundred out of one hundred and thirteen cases of sciatica by digital pressure over the painful part. The pressure is applied with all possible force for fifteen or twenty seconds and L repeated for tho same length of time after an interval of a few m ! nates. In many caaes six treat ments are all that is necessary —A positive denial la given, from an undoubted sour.ee, to the reports thatA change is contemplated in the cabinet of President McKinley by the retire ment of Secretary Alger. —Wednesday and Thusday, July 26th ami 27th, have been set^aa.the time for the reunion of the Confederate veterans of South Carolina in the city of Chester. her father laid the foundation of his. fortunes- '-- - —The American Bible Society issues a pamphlet giving a ve^e /rom the Bible in the 242 languages in which the society circulates the Bible. —A ten year old Georgia boy while eating chicken got to laughing, drew a bone down his throat and died in a ffltan'tr -• —Japan has a new lighthouse made of bamboo, which U said to resist the waves better than any kind of wood. the purchase under which the estate was acquire!I. The majority of these were so scattered and remote that the only rational treatment was-to replant them with tlie most suitable forest growths. Other tracts of cleared land were turned over to the land-scape gardener to bcaulifv, or were occupied by the constantly growing nursery de partment. M'oreoATJf; the Arboretum road, tired ol Us picturesque winding among the billA and erceksycomes iruo the bottoms, taking TTi one bold dash some of the finest farming land ou tbe estate. - Certain -fairly compact bodies of cultivated land, anu timing in all to some 1800 acres,‘ were retained for cropping, primarily for home supplies, viz , to feed the large number of work mules and horses which were needed for the heavy grading, hauling of ma terial and road building. .Manure for landscape planting was also needed, and this was produced fry the beef cattle fed on the farms. The sheep and ferry’- farms were at the same time set aside for tlie production .of mutton and pork; but the low price of beef made the co>t of the manure too high, and after a year spent in trying to pro duce 3 1-2-cenl steers profliably, high- grade Jersey cows were substituted. The sale of milk aud butter from these was satisfacrory, since .previously all tbe fancy butter consumed in Ashe ville bad been imported from tbe West. By the use of well-bred Jersey sires un these grades, a 'good working dairy has been gradually built up. The calls for registered stock, to form or improve other herds in the South, have been so numerous that 'it has been decided to meet this detpand During the last twelve months seventy one head of high bred Jerseys have been purchased from four different herds, and it is intended to continue breeding, purchasing, and culling out stock, until a herd is established which will be second to none. Thcie, are now over 200 head on the estate, half of which are registered stock. The latest addition to the farms is an extensive poultry department, feov- ering fifteen and one-half acres. Its object is twofold. First, the cproduc- tipn of broileis, eggs, etc., for the table of tbe owner; second’.^-Iiie im provement of the common barnyard fewi of tbe Sooth by- the introduction of better stock. T For nearly a year an expert who acts as judge at the most important exhibitions in th«P tjnited Slates and Canada has been cominis sioned to purchase the best stock pro cutnble. That he has succeeded in this effort, all will agree who have in spected our pens of Gold and Silver Wyandotteg, Barred and White Ply mouth Rocks, Light Brahmas, Buff Cochin and Indian GamCs. The hatchings from these pens gre pounds ing to make a record at the shows next autumn in the market gardens we have met a call for high-class vegetables aud small fruits (a demand which is heav iest during the winter months), by the erection of a very complete group of buddings comprising forcing houses, storage and root houses, office, carpen ter shop, shipping sheds^ etc. This department is conducting au extended series of tests of the varieties of vege tables and small fruits most suitable to this region. Most of the laud is tinder irrigation, and this system will shortly he extended oVhr the whole thirty acres, making it, with the underdrain age, almost independent of the rain fall. Every soil found in this section is represented here, from the black mack to f$d clay and almost pme sand, > These buildings, with the' sheep bams on -another farm, permanent buildings to be erected for farming purposes. * It is hardly neces sary to - say that they are constructed on the same liberal scale as everythtng Many small farms were included iu thl , of experiments, by means thp mirrhflRA nnnpr whiph tha patato r . ... , . 1 . . of institute meeUngRy effc M m the hope that duce some may be encouraged to pro- blades of has grown the proverbial two grass where one or none beiore. ~ ' In the selection of farm help prefer ence is given to young men, many of whom have already saved sufficient funds to purchase their own farms, and are starting in life with the deter- mihation to carry out a system whicb will yearly give them larger yields, anil, therefore, better homes. George F. Weston. —Miss xfrglola Fair, who' became the bride of . William K. Vanderbilt, ctBeAi) the estate, of the best and most Jr., is named for Virginia City, where permanent materials, and that they a»e„fuimi8hedwFitfi all .that is known to increase the perfection of the pro duct or lessen the labor of the*em ploye. Nor are those who have a "sweet tooth” forpoUen, for on the west side the French Broad river, where the sourwood is the thickest and the wild flowers most varied and luxuriant, an' apiary has been placed. Here the gentle, golden-iiued, Italian bees, of which there arc over one hundred col- Amcficaus can hardly realize how densely some of the Philippine posses sion!- are peopled. Mfilolos is less than thirty miles Rom Maniiia, yet day after day the American columns advanced through towns and cities from 1,000 to lir,000 population. The fact is, as shown by the laiesl census, that the population of the whole island of Luzon averages* more persons to the square mile than many parts of tlie United States. By the ceiisus.of 1890 Illinois bad sixty-eight persons to the square mile of tenitory, and Indiana had sixty- one. Luzon, by the census of 1*89, had seventy-nine. There are parts of Luzon which arc mountainous and almost uninhabited. The population is concentrated largely iu the richer por tions. In many provinces the popula tion exceeds 200 to the square mile, w hich is greater iu density than is found in any State of this country except Mas sachusetts aud Rhode Island. Luzon is not nearly the most densely populated island of tbe Philippines. The entire island of Cebu averages 210 people to t’qe squire miles while Bohol has 188 and Pairay has 155. To be th* mother of many children „ is ranked aniong nature’s chief "bless ings but wheh the' cares of the busy housewife are added to the trials of frequent motherhood, it is too (freat a burden- for arVoman &ho irf not in prime health and condition. Every woman who is called upon to bear the ordeal of bringing many children into the world needs the support and reinforcement of that wopderful •trength . pmamtinir , ‘-'J*«Mu»ite Prescrip tion ” originated by Dr. R. V. Pierce, chief consulting pliysician of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, Buffalo, N. Y., and one of the most eminent of living special ists in treating the ailments of women. Mrs. David H. Ran givy. .lett« of Dancing. Co.,Tenn., in a recentletterto 6r. Pierce, wr/te»: T am now thirty-six y£ars oM and have given tilnr ren. Eight only are living f he san good. After I had taken the first bqKle and rojad. any ana id all my (Jr r e I took part of the second, I could sleep well troubles l>egan to get better. / ,' eight bottles and then I felt Uke a different person. I gave birth to another baby and my old complaint canto back. >4>egan using the 1 Favorite Prescription' and was soon relieved and was able to do my' work, including the washing." mmjm Mothers wouldL-Ke immensely helped in raising their children strong and healthy by the sound professional advice contained in Dr. Pierce’s Common Sense Medical Ad viser. This-thousand-page book will be sent free for 21 .one cent stamps to ngj^lie cos/ of mailing only. Address, World’s Dispensary Med. Assn., Buffalo, N. Y., or send 31 stamps far a cloth-bound copy. birth to ten child have twin boys six years old. The same spring after they were born I was confined to my bed— all spring and summer with female complaint; had it so badly I could hardly walk around, the house without feeling worse. I was restless at night, sleep almost left me, and I was almost a skeleton. I did not .call raydoctor as I had tried the doctors twice -before when I was down with the same trouble, and my husband paid out a great deal for me. I received no lasting benefit; I had almost lost all hope of ever being able to do anything. My husband had to work very hard and I could not even attend to the babids^ Ntuone can know the distress of my mind ' well as body. De. was the only medicine that seemed to do A POSITIVE CURt FOR GONORRHEA AND GLEET. Cu«l» IN I TO » DAYS SOU) Or PAUGOlSTg ASS CON V.BX TAKE NO other TRY IT TO£AY Sent by prepaid express on. receipt of 35c. ALLIGATOR LINIMENT CO. ., - Charleston. H, C. • 1 OSBORNE’S Aagarta,**. < J , . . •>.