The Barnwell people. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1884-1925, April 06, 1899, Image 4
-A
our agrleul-
Mil .and Mechanical Con,
In vjhoae Oounttleaaa Scon
Lean Eaperay V /
. A. Knapp, who wm sent by the
epartment of Agriculture to Ja*
ina, and the Philippines, as an
iral explorer, has reported to
Wilson the results of his ex-
ploratlons. He was Instructed td Ijn-
Veestigate eucb products of the “f hr ins,
lelds, and Wests'of those countries as
light be ol advantage to the agricul
tural Industries of the United States,
'' noting especis^iy any superiorty in the
qulaliti of the products or in their
*. .economic production, and agricultural
conditions, including cost of labor. He
was particularly,Instructed to secure a
quantity of seed rice of high flavor
and nutritive value, which should fur
nish a much larger per ceqt. of head
rice (whole grains) in milling than the
ordinary seed now used in the United
Stales, and to purchase sample lots of
anj^ seeds, plants, or trees which he
might consider of especial cconoihic
value to our people. He was further
Instructed to ascertain What demand
there la or might be for American but
ter and cheese in Japan and China,
and, if necessary, to secure agents to
handle sample consignments.
Dr. Knapp reports that he arrived in
Yokohama, Japan, September 27,1898,
and at once entered upon an investiga
tion of the rice industry, in most of
the large cities of Japan there, are
good agricultural museums where sam
ples can be seen. The one in Tokyo is
_' of exceptional merit. Two days at the
Imperial College of Agriculture, where
many experiments. In production of
rice have been conducted, and one day
at the Agricultural Museum of Tokyo,
' gave him a list of the best , rices of Ja
pan from the 9clent|lflc standpoint, and
beneficently U|
tries.
# hdinmon impression that the
eof Jhpanllve mainly upon rice
by the number of jwrea
devoted Up Wheat, rye, and beans ; to
wit, 8,879,277^aerts against 0,977,182
acres to rice. Large quantities of beans
re ubhorted from Corea and of wheat
the Uhited States annually,
y, at leSajt one highly nitro-
aiton Is provided daily for all
ndustrles that Involve considerable
in proportion to the amount of
lan\ required are well suited to the
Induvrtttl conditions in Japan, Tea,
1 matting are examples. The
numoer of families engaged in the pro
duction^ of tea was, in 1896, 762,634.
The manufacture,of silk employed
600,400 flpllies. Reaving is mostly
done in tha homes by women. Of the
total nurnwr of operatives 1,042,866
employed i\l895 in the manufacture
of silk, 98f),0» were wo men'. The mat
ting Industry^ gives employment to
103,044 families. It is diflicult to con
ceive how the factory system of the
United States eo\ld be substituted gen
erally for the hoiqe system prevailing
in Japan without a social revolution.
If successful, it must be exceedingly
gradual. . -
Of the fabrics, cotton and wool alone
have made much progress under tb»
factory system and this is owing to the
fact that they were not produced to
any extent In the Empire and hence
no home system of manufacture had
been established for them, Thk woolen
factory of Josaku Gqto, the largest in
the city of Tokyo, is expanding at the
Xate of 25 per' cent annually, but Dr.
i£hftpp~<w>led that the increase was ex
clusively in the- number of hand looms
f * - v-
rom the practical, so far as\ Indicated
by samples. The second steu) was to
visit the fields, and examine the stand
ing rice, noting varieties and methods
of cultivation ; after which themillers
were seen as to the best varietms for
milling, and finally such experienced
exporters of rice In Uie treaty ports as
were the most reliable were consulVpd-
Pi. CQC&OPsui of opjnlop It was agreed .
that Kyushu rice was superior.to that
produced in any other portion of Japan,
in purity of the seed, in nutritive value
in flavor and in milling qualities.
Samples were obtained from Kyushu
and the best selection made. It is ne
cessary to select and purchase seed
rice during the harvest, as shortly
after harvest most ol the rico,-except
what is required for home uso aud the
next planting, Is sent to market, prior
to which the hull is removed, render
ing it unfit for seed. Ten tons of
Kyushu seed rice were purchased and
samples tested by milling be'ore ship
ment to the Department of Agriculture
y
and called the attention jf-'-the fore
man to that fact. He admitted it, but
remarked that it had never been ob
served by a' foreigner before. He. i x-
plalned that they ppld for weaving by
the yard and that operatives would do
the work on hand looms at the same
price as Oif power looms, saving to the
proprietor considerable in first cost of
looms and in the power tp operate
them.
Dr. Knapp does not think Japanese
girls handle power loOms. with -the
same skill exercised by American girls,
while they are far more expert with
the hand looms. In several cotton
factories where two power looms wer
assigned to one operative be obsenrtill
that one or the other was idle most of
the time. The many helpful indus
tries carried on at homo by the Jap
anese with labor that otherwise would
be idle is worthy qLLidtUifron. j
Thr principal agricultural products
imported Into Japan are wheat, Hour,
veugar, cotton, butter, cheese, and
meat. The annual value of the articles
is at present between twenty-four and
twenty-five numon dollars in gold.
Under favorable treaty regulations
Japan wil. Import from the United
States nearly all her dour, butter,
cheese, and meat, three-fourths of the
raw cotton, required, ana from J,he.
Philippines nearly their entire surplus
output of sugor. * “ “
- The great area, tho large per cent-
of fertile TSuds, and the enormous
valuable wood for building, furniture,
dye woods, and some yielding costly
gums. While unable to visit tub forests
Dr. Knapp saw many retirtfSrable
specimens cut fium tin; gia'iix t' l r t
among which wus a section of a mahog
any tree from Mindanao, over si vea
feet in diameter.
According to the best aiitMoritj
nearly two thirds of the land Is stiti
public and passes to tlu- JUuiteu States
with the title. If opened for settle
ment to soldferr, many of our young
men will remain and become tier*
manent settlers. Trio prtpc of Im
proved land ranges from $4 to $20 por
acre (gold), depending upon, the loca
tion and value of the improvements.
Dr. Knapp spent several days in a real
estate office examining plats of planta-
tlons and jliNcussrn'g improvements and
prices «*th proprietors of estates from
a number of the islands: A sugar
plantation of 2 300 acres In the extreme
southern portion of Luzon.was offered
at $20 per'acTy." It was well situated ;
all arable land ? good buildings, sugar
house, modern, with vacuum pun ; 800
buffaloes and 1,200 peopie on tho place.
The proprietor claimed to have re
ceived an annudl net income ofHMO.UOO
(gold) from the property lie Was a
Spaniard and wanted to leave the coun
try# ~
lleports of tho observatory at Manila
show that the average rainfall for the
past thirty years has heen seViltrty-fivT
and four-tenths (75.4) JUnches. It
varied considerably in different years.
In. 1875 the total was 35.6 inches : in
1897 it was 120.9 inches. In Decernb-rK,
January,.February., March, ami April
the rainfall average.-, from half an
inch to two inches per muu»h. iu May
it Is nearly us much as in the live
months preceding and .precipitation
increases till'Septombur, duniiu. atweh
it amounts oa an average to 23 2 inchet,
then It decreases till December. The
temperature^ is quitc'uinNrm, avCrug
ing during the past eighteen -years 77
degrees for January, the coldest
montbj.and K3 H drgr,-.e.s for May, t Lhi:
warmest mouth. Within t,, a: p . <•
the tbcamomvter on'y once rove t > 10U
degrees, anti Onco fetr to 70 1 u-gfees.
i’romioeot Philipphu-S anoin.d Dr
Knapp that upon their e-tu' s u.e
laborers wore industrious and tnrifty
and if encouraged tin >c cucditiun=
would breosau*genera!. A visit to ttte
carj^eftte^sifops, maoutue saep , an.:
^aflous sma! facton, - .-atntijo hit!)
that the I’hilippii o.make go»d mc-
chantcs wirm proptfr,/tralhed.
^BSOKuranrhiBE
Powder
Makes the food more delicious and wholesome
i ' sovAt wumw rooBts oo., mw voww.■'
r
lages, transported upon men’s shoulders
or In boats to the fields and, in a diluted
fo^nii used to witter the\plants. Green
manures, grass, straw, and fish are con-
sideraly used. Hice straw is, however,
too valuable to be thhs employed. It
Is used for rice and . coal sacks, for
mats and rope, for manufacture of
paper, and iu numberless economic
ways, x -
• The limited amount of arable land in
Japan, only about one-elgbth of the en
tire area of the Empire, makes It ne
cessary to conserve and stimulate all
of the productive energies of the soil
available for cultivation. Hence the
field crops are all managed upon garden
methods. The seed for all the wheat,
rice, rye, and barley produced is first
sown in highly fertilized ^ beds and
when the plant is of sufficient size It is
transplanted into the fieiJs, much like
cabbages.
When it is considered that there are
three persons in Japan for every acre
susceptible for cultivation it is plain
that the home market is suffiol.nt for
all the home products of the Empires
The copulation of Japan (exclusive of
Fqrmoea) in 1896 was officially given as
43,708,264 and the area cultivated in
food products as 13,064,568 acres. All
fear of competition' from Japan along
agricultural lines may be dismissed.
On the contrary, it must become a large
consumer of farm products drawn from
the United States. The diffusion of
knowledge and the introduction of new
Industries in Japan have had the effect
Of more than doubling the cost of labor
In the last ten years and, in propor
tion, of stimulating consumption by
the common people. Future progress
most be mainly made in the direction
of manufactures. In such event the
food for the operatives, the cotton and
other fiber material for the fabrics,-!he
lumber and iron for the construction
of the fectorles and much of the ma
chinery will be drawn from the United
Btatef. This will tend to stimulate
the prices of onr farm products. The articles of export
of the Orient to oommeroe will
server ou tho threshold of investiga
tion. Here, however, as iu Japan,
radical changes in agricultural me
thods or products must bo made very
slowly, If at e'l, because Iho food
supply can not be materially reduced' or
even changed, with safety.. L*arge areas
devoted to fiber plants f
lion* of maidnacturea would be a dan
gorous invasion of the ’acres nececes-
sary for.the food supply, and must be
speedily fol.owedby importations from
the United States. Doctor Knapp re
ports that no was deeply impressed by
the alert, industrious, and frugal uha-.
racter of the Chinese.
From China ho proceeded to the
Philippines; and there took up the
^amelinu of investigations pursued in
Japan. On arrival at-Manila he found
It somewhat dangerous to go into the
country, but concluded logo by rail a»
far as San Fernando, passing through
the rice section to the east and north
of Manila, on to tho sugar lands to tho
north. He observed that but a small
portion of the rice lauds was Irrigated;
tu.tt the fields were small and the
system of planting and harvesting
similar to that of Japan. The water
buffalo is universally used for plowing
and drawing loads. Depending mainly
upon the rainfiill for irrigating the
the rice, planting is not done till com
mencement of the rainy season Mucu
of the rice was still unharVevt&'d afohe
date of his inspection (December 10,
IbbS.) The (yield per acre, according
to the best authorities, is about 1,000
pounds of hul ed rice on lands under
.a.nfall Irrigation solely and '2,000
pounds.on lauds artificially Irrigated.
The rich clay-loam soil about San
Fernardo is well adapted to sugar
cane'. In the Island of Luzon toe
methods of sugar farmteg are quite
different from those practiced in tho
United States. The eane is not allowed
to ratoon but Is planted annually. At
the time of cutting the cane for the:
mill the immature portion of tho stock
is planted in a field previously pre
pared. Very little cultivation is done.
The cane matures in twelve moptur
from planting and is harvested before
the rainy season commences in May.
Thw- sugar factories in Luzon are the
crudest conceivable. The mills are
not better than farm sorghum mills.
The kettles are simply wooden tubs
with cast-iron bottoms. The sugar
is drained upon the open kettle plan.
The proprietor furnishes land and
factory and the tenant furnishes seed,
does all the work in the field, delivers
the cane to the mill and supplies moat
of tho hands for making the sugar.
The proprietor receives one-half the
sugar and all the molactjs. The
tenant, in theory, is allowed the re
mainder, but li} practice he usually
receives about two-fifths of theTugar.
Dr. Knapp was informed that in too
Islands of Fanay, Negros, and the
Cebu the sugar farms and factoridk
are much more improved than in
Luzon#- Sugar lands produce from
3.000 to 8,000 pounds per acre, depend
ing upon the cultivation and the fac
tory.
The Philippines, as far as he ob
served, do not give as much attention
to the production of nitrogenous foods
as the Japanese, and hence are less
muscular. He was unable tuvisii the
tobacco section in North Luzon and
the hemp district of South Lu-zon.
Spanish statistical reports and his in
terviews with exporters at Manila
satlfied him of the prosperity 0 f these
industries under normal conditions.
Millet, maize,, sago, add indigo do well
and are ordinarily profitable crops.
Philippine coffee, of which there were
formerly many plantations, has a
peculiarly rich and pleasant flavor.
Evidence was presented to nim show
ing that the industry can be made pro
fitable. Cocoanuts, pineapples, oranges,
bananas, graces, ags, and many other
fruits grow almost spontaneously with
reasonable care they would become
HABITS ANl> Cl SloMS iff’ M OU
- ' ’ ' •
A Oharlcsfontan \Vh<> is at thellVaf!
of the Siamese Medical hi all
Dr. T. Heyward U .vs, of Bangkok,
Siam, and chief surg* or uf the Siam-
navy, is on a visit to t.ois country, auU
tho Atlanta Journal * a\*s Ui-vt tie talk'
interestingly of Blaqa and its p< opte. .
Dr. Hays sccurid a .jear’s ■ uv ia-'
fall and set out to visit las o d home
at Charleston. l! sf .itr
November and.reached Now York ih
-ihioe days, the ,15th, 16th and 17th of
November. On those days tho city of
Bangkok is illuminated with electri
city, and royal salutes are fired. A
magnificent ball is given the last day,
auu a reception is. tendered to the
diplomatic corps. .
“ The women of Siam are small in
stature, but are much, prettier than the
Japanese women. Their costume is
principa’ly a cloth which hangs from
the vaist to the knees and is called a
■paanung.’ They wear .stockings and
dainty slippers. They wear qo head
dress, and a neat tittin'-jacket com
pletes the costume, --TBe men “also
wear the ‘paanung.’ T£e women are
fond of colors, and. the sight at the
theatres is a magnificent one- Children
of .bpth sexes run about naked and this
is not noticed.
“ The country is pojygamous, and
the number of wives a man has is
limited only >'y the number he can sup-
port. There are only about 1,500 for-
elgners in the clty, of.whieh but 250 are
Acnericun and these for the most part
belong to the missionary - group. The
kii.g’s physician is Dr. Beytter, of Bel-
gi.um. g ‘ "
The Siame e navy is a small one,
consisting, of only twelve large gun-
bo ts. The size is'not increased as no
trouble is expected# .The vessels are
ipostly employed pleasure craft, and
the king often uses them, accompanied
by his bulife.
The Siameoe language is a very
difficult one to learn, and I had - much
trouble in mastering its intricacies.
Kusslan is the most difficult of all
languages to learn. Chinese is the
next, and Siamese (s third. It is for
the. most part a language of intona
tions. _ / . ■■ -
‘“Some of the mistakes a person can
make are extremely ludicrous. For in-
aiance^ the word ‘ mah ’ in Siamese
may. mean ‘dbg.’ ‘-horse,’ or ‘come,.’
The meaning is determined by the ac-
c nt ur tone, A stranger ordering his
to fl
pl'm.iill'I'iyiMnr, fetiy.——
THE GROWTH OF TRUSTS.
January, coming via the sat t eaoa .
"-Dr. Hay-s was t>orn ip ObarLstoq rn-
1854. He Vjas entered at th U
O
charged from the institu
being apprentice.!eto D . E. J
of OrxngeBbrg. v- . k i
.store.' lie did not stay - . /
service^ but ran away aski’ v, .m. t
Jacksonville wit-n .^tim :nt ritl/t# •
tO -Texas. 17C staVvd it/ Jack
rfrtl
:r Wi
for distribution. I f t.hi a JluiduittUoa oil - Lilian., aUtfjton 'UosotK- 4,Um«-e wion quit •n
American conditions of production ““ u J ' * *
shall transmit all its excellent quali
ties It will ultimately benefit our pro
ducers nearly two millions of dollars
annually, which amount is now lost by
breakage In milling. “
A number of trees were purchased,
all of wtxick had already been Intro
duced Into the United States, but
J rhlch are so universally important In
apan that a new importation is advis
able. The varieties secured have been
■elected with Special reference to their
adaptability to particular sections of
the United States. Among these are a
variety of camphor, which becomes a
large and beautiful shade tree, stands
considerable frost, and furnishes a good
quality of oommercial camphor. An
other of these trees (Cryptomeria ja-
ponica) Is a beautful evergreen, which
reaches enormous size under forest
conditions, but thrives also when
dwarfed. It is used extensively In Ja
pan for foresting mountain tracts. The
wood, though somewhat soft, takes an
excellent finish. The bamboo which
has been secured has more economic
uses than any other pliant in Japan,
ir'providen material (or the house,
fences, furniture, and household uten
sils of the common people. It should
become a general product in the south:
ern part of this country. In addition
to tfie foregoing trees and plants a
few approved# varieties of tho- Japan
ese pear, persimmon, and the giant
blwa were selected to test their value
for general use in the United States.
' The perfection attained by Japanese
fruits and seeds is due to very thorough
cultivation and fertilizing. Their en
tire system of agriculture is slow, la
borious and painstaking, but the re
sults are marvelous in quality and
quantity of product. Fertilizing The
soil is laborious aud expensive. There
are practically no domestic animals in
a large portion of the Empire. Human
excreta is the chief fertilizer. This is
carefully preserved in cities and vil-
1*7/,
*
bu:.
w UP
r 1,
\ an-
s*e jgJhe bilCftjeiLmight be surprised
tiaefnir' iog.in Harness if.,he didiiot
• t
“ The iiamese are very fond of read
ing at.d every ooy can read and write.
Tcey were formerly taught by the
prltsis. They natives are, however,
strangely ignoraut of geography. They
v i-ard Siam as the biggest place in
*■!■ < world, and evfcry other land is
c-ukd in a grneral way ‘ the outside
jjuutiy.’. Tue have many works, how-
v.r, in the native tongue, i"nciuuing
transluttons of histories and fiction.
/ “ The king has been careful about
educapon of his children. His
/•• J jtaon, Prince livili, graduated at
Oxfyt-o, t vKtng tir-t honors. The crown
M ineo .s now is now at Harrow, pre-
Darir.g for Oxford. The standing army
of Siam amounts to about 10,000 men.
C • a f>irly w'eil-trained .and are
t-qiiippcd with Mauser rifles,
At
yeg-
It 754
ri
Tho PhliipDind Islands abound in
going
vllk ^
nah where he was engap mi r i li - ;"
stores of C. M. -HH tunm .4mi 3 b
Hardy. From d tv anaati 'lit iyu.t iq
Baltimoro and look a <• ini - u-
mvcy; receiving his m fJ /.ina in l-S7<
Ho then entered the -Wiriiio : ospi-lal
service and seTv^d fo •/t.»vo anti a Half
years at Portland, Ttiy., resrgr,. g hi;
commission to retui/U. to liil-imort'-.
•whcrr’T.’ti took to cb/rso n i l'uicg. a:
the . University of Mary/ind. After
receiving fils dlp.ujaa-D .Hays' r -
turned to the marine ho-oTaTservice;
but'remained only a liw- mont: s, serv
ing at Wilmlngto N. C.
In 1886 the I’^esbytei i.ei mLfiou
board-eoughi timber vices of phyi leTiuI
fur foreign work. 1) ,i t«e Hays volun
teered to the board \ff lii.g to go L^-
such" post as was the most hi Hi etui ti
fill. He was assigneu to Airica"
just before sailing his .uetail
changed to Siam. On S •pietn -
1886, Dr. Hays from t>an 1
cisco to Bangkok For t .o ycvi
was engaged in li c-mtssion v A ork.
this tinu tho king ol S.^m, U iui.v
Jjoro, undertook ttio- - i'uo- i<'fLt-
royal hospitals, aci' IT-. Llavwa
cominemitd for their supervision by
the court physician, Dr. G.j.'itn, a
Scotchman. ... .
Under the king’s dlreetion, D:. Hays
organized, three hi-pitais, a.iuri,...e
asyluoi-and a medical school. 11 hai
Charge, of ail tho ’ institutii ns. His
medical college opened with a eiasi of
fitfiCTeen yodfig'SJai’OeVd'si Jde'nTs
Hays says he had to pceuaro and trrns-
lato his IccUtres at, night fiir- de.Lvery
to his claSkes, and ois v^hoie time wa'.-
absorbed in superint' nding his ho-pi
tals and instructing tuo stpdents. tie
secured later, however, two a-sist.ints
from America, aud Dies : roll- ved him
considerably. In'IwO Dr, Go*an t-e-
slghod his post as roya: paysieian ar.8
Dr. Hays became t'ocfsuitiug physician,
to the Siamese court. ,
In 1895- he .was appointed surgeon
major of the royal 1 navy, the highest
office on the naval meuicai staff. Under
his direction the naval hospital at
Bangkok was bpilt. Besiot s Lis official
duties, Dr. Hays ha a Uiy. private
practice in Haifgkok ud in either part-
of Siam and ow ns twro drug ston
Dr. Hays married Miss' Nieison, of
Michigan, in Bangkok In 1 V SS Mrs,
Hays accompanies him on his present
trip.
Regarding the King of Siam, Lis
people and their customs, Dr. Hays
said:
• a..
- W iiNhicm cL Hiuk of a I’k;.—A pet
-to Jerumgs Hulveyr, a
ter.i.vfrse' <ln tbe-Southern railway
a: Brn-.woi', - x mil' » south of Rock
mart, r e ptly had one of the. most
1 i li:mg riJe* and narrowek| escapes
fn-ml!- ath thai oig'VvV-rwtnt through
wyilh uusoratehed. A northbound pas-
konger train whisked through Bras
well at 30 miles an hour and caught
the pig on the track. Hulsey, who
was standing near, saw his pet hurled
<igh in air, and.be searched long for
Die rem ans. cWoen the train slowed
up at 'Rockmart* a few ram.utes later
the j orker jumped down from the pilot
of Dio-engine and complacently began
rooijng beside the track. He t.ad
icon catigbt up, ianded on the apron
of the pilot, and sat there while the
engine plunged down and around moun
tains for six' miles. This is a true
story; w< 11 authenticated by reputable
eve witnesses. "
A Consoling Suggestion.—Annie’s
older oister, Elinor, iost a dearly loved
4. t eat. The children deoaijed. to have
a funeral juA like “ growed-hp folks.”
They invited in their little neighbors,
aud putting pussy into a small tin ex-
prt-s cart they drew her carefully out
to a corner uf the yard, where the
garden* r had dug a g-ave for her.
E linor "cried with all her might.
Annie looked very sober, and finally
when pu.-sy was. laid a wav and tenderly
covered, with grass ana fijwers, she
D. t: u .- I.t'r u ni- around her sistei con
solingly and said : “Ella, if I were
you 1 wouldn’t cry so hard. There arc
lots more cats in jhe world. God
makes more and more cats every day.
L:t*s play something.”'
mtm ♦
—Jiidge bimmons, of Boston# who
di^d about twenty five years 1 ago, left
a large fortune to his widow and chll-
dn n on such terras t at, after a cer
tain time, a certain sum which was to
accumulate should be available for the 1
establishment of a college for. women.
The time has now expired, and accord
inglyThe institution is to bo estab-
lished in Boston with an original en
dowment of $2,000,000. Its name, un
less something can bo lone to prevent
it, will be " Simmon’s Female Col-
lege^U’ and Its purpose to furnish to wo
men :V truetion in iuc’i branches of
art, ciehce and inuustry as will help
tbe.i v to acquire an independent livelt-
hoou. It wijl be non-sectarian.
—The wives and children of quite a
arch aud is a. man you would pick out
of a thousand fur a king. H. is tan
and striking IS appca’-iiu.v. Very ap
proachabie and not at ml ovbryioud.
Ho has,a great libra y ahd is ve^y fond
of literature. The king na who hobby',
and that is his collection of crockery,
the finest In the world: and t nee a year
he gives an exhibition, which is large
ly attended by tie nobility. Uu such
occasions he appreciate-* adultions to
hts collection as presents. He, is a
most liberal man, having Jotfndeu
several institutions, and Jsrsupporting
them out of his own purse. -One of
them, a homeiorchildrc*n, is i specially
useful and beautiful. The king is a
hlgnly educated man. Not a drop of
liquor or intoxicant of any kind ever
passes his lips. He smokes cigarettes,
obtaining his tobacco for that pur
pose from Egypt. He is not a crank
on drinking, however, aud * veiything
in the shape of, liquid refreshment is
served at the.palace at receptions and
dinners
‘-‘The kings’s birthday falls on Sep’
season, he has chapped the celebra
tion and combined it with hu corona
tion jubilee, so that tbe festlvUies last
,,,, . number of army officers were sent to
The King Vif.diam is a-modd-mum#. an transports at the 'expense
of»4he government, but General Otis
has. informed.the war department that
tho campaign iin the Philippines is
not a p’cnic and advises that the wo
men be returned to the United States
at once. It is time for the war depart
ment to learn something about war.
—Large additional supplies of smoke
less powderare to be forwarded at once
to our troops at Manila. Preparations
are pi-iag made by the army ordnance
bureau to maintain in tbe Philiippines
large quantities of amtn.unition, so that
the stuck on hand may never be re-
duce. b 'low a certain point.
—Tim * inter has bqen a phenome
nal one .in England, with abnormally
warn days and then sudden periods of
frost. As a consequence tbe death
ratlins gone up noticeably in nearly
ail the towns, and the outbreak and
sudd *n increase of influenza shows in
all the reports.
DrieeLtiananae arc becoming quite an
article of food. Queensland is inaugu
TUE SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW IS A
DEAD LETTER AND NEEDS NEW
LIFE IN IT. * ■ • ' O
Atlanta Journal. ...
‘‘ A citizen of Philadelphia received a
few days ago a letter from the attorney
general of the United States in which
that official expresses the opinion that
the companies now organizing to se
cure complete or partail monopoly of
different branches of. manufacture are
similar to the sugar combination and
are not within the jurisdiction of the
Federal courts. f
The attorney general holds that tho!
Federal anti-trust act does not apply to
any combination constituting a re
straint or monopoly of trade unless it
be interstate or international trade oi
commerce ; that the prosecution of
monopolies of all other character is a
matter for the Stale court.
With reference to the large combina
tions of capital now forming Attorney
General Griggs says : ‘‘My own judg
ment is that the danger is not so much
to the community at large as to the
people who aie induced to put their
money in the purchase of the stock*”
The letter trom which this quotation
is taken found its way into the news
papers and lias created something of a
imb-bub. But jn view of fhe fads
why should this declaration of the
attorney general cause surprise ?
The Sherman anti-trust act has been
on the statute books for yeaisand what
effect has it had ?
‘ Since it became a law both the Dera-
ocratio -and- the Repaidican parties
have been in power and in what man
ner has Hie act been made to interfere
with the designator theAioudqct ot'. any
.tnisL? ."ifflWL. •.r ? * - "I
" -rkr-faras-practhad Tesultsqire eon- -
cerned the act might as well have been
dropped into the Congressional waste
basket as embodied nr our solemn Fed
eral statute book.
On its passage it was proclaimed as
a lion that had been placed in the path
of organised greed gild insatiate mon
opoly ; if turns pul to be that it is at
best onlra lion without teeth or claws
or strength anti the trusts march past
it with the insolence which their knowl
edge of its impotency inspires. They
ptoceed not only with increased assur
ance hut iu constantly increasing num
bers.
The Dingley tariff brougirt a horde
of new trusis into existence find gave
many of those which had grown old in
trespasses and sius"' frvsh strength ai^J-,
impuilonct
Four hnge distillery companies each
of which represents the combination ol
many plants, are to go into one huge
trust with $12(5,000,000 capital.
threshing machine trust is ex
pected to be born in a few days.
Only yesterday the cocoanut manu
facturers combined with a capital of
irflKMJOo. * . ~
All these trusts and. others are a
lively brood that 'has been hatched out
in the past f«w~d4fye, and before they
came to help bless us and hike charge
of us, the name of the trusts that were
already getting in. their work was
legion.
When will this sort of thing stop, or
will it stop qt all? The attorney gen
eral of the United States lays that
Federal statutes cannot apply to these
gigantic combinations ‘so long as they
do not interfere with interstate or in
ternational commerce. He says that
prosecutions for other violations of the
long estalished laws of trade must Le
left to the States, but he does not indi
cate the extent of his confidence in the
effectiveness of such efforts oh the part
of State authbtities,.
Many “ States have stringent anti
trust laws, but what do they amount
t°? . ~ ' - - -** - -
We have not ireard that; ihtVOhio
courts made anything out of their
attack upon the Standard Oil^ompuuy.
Only two days ago the-grand jury of
Kenton County, Kentucky, indicted 42
tire and life insurance companies for
conspiracy, charging them with “band
ing together and fixing and maintain
ing a higher -rate of premium than
would otherwise prevail.” Such ac
tiou is a palpable violation of Ken
tucky’s anti trust law, but will any
body suffer for it ?
A New York newspaper man has
prepared a bHj of fare which shows
how tlie .trusts fisve gotten control of
the food and drink and even the
“smoke” of fhe people. Here-it is :
RICE CULTURE,
Correspondence of The 8 part an.
It is a'nnstakon idea that up-countr
people,have, that it is absolutely ne
sary to irrigate rictfMand and to flood
the young rice at certain stage* of its
growth. Indeed, here iu Orangeburg
County, one oTten sees cotton and rice
growing side by side. The land is ex- \
ceedin&ly"level it is true, but in places
there are slight depressions, and these
low places are often chosen for rice
patches, although they may be far
away „ from any stream. At other
times one sees a little rolling piece of
land,- producing both cotton and rice.
There is no reason why Spartanburg
planters should not raise jiceritt - alftftf-T
dance. The soil that produces the
best results in nee is a sandy loam.
Rice does uot require a very strong
land. Pipe clay or “black jack” are
not suitable soils.
After selecting the field, prepaid it
in every way as if for cotton. A^reat
many planters, plant the grain/about
one inch deep, with a cotton planter,
anl afterwards chop j,o island of
seven or right stalks to .the hill, six or
eight Inches apart. But Dis Arant who
is quite successful drops Ids in hills.
From the middle of March till the
middle of -April ’ is the time for plant
ing rice, but Dr. Arant thinks it would
;; “ \
Oysters
MXNU—PAPER TRl ST.
Uo-ktails—Wldskev Trust. / —
on the Half biiefl—OysterTrust,
rust.
teniber 21, but that being toe p#*iny*‘rating tire new industry. They take
ttie place of raisins in. puddings and
are said to be not only very palatable
but exceedingly nutritious.
Trusts ;xs we know them are purely
American institutions ; tm other peo
ple stand and deliver cn the highways
of commerce at their command. This
land of liberty is their especial and
sole preserve and here they pinck their
game at pleasure..
The solicitude of fhe attorney general
for those who maybe induce to put
their money into the stock of trusts
which are springing up so rapidly
everywhere, especially in the altoruey
general’s own State, has good fonuda-
fion, for the trusts find many victims
among their own slockholders. They
work off many millions of worthless
stock upon J}ie unsuspeqtiug, but after
all these victims cohskiiute a very small
class compared to tho multitu le* from
whom tiusts Wiing their artificial
gains.
There is a radical difference, too, be
tween, the former and the latter. No*
body is compelled to buy the decoy
stock that a trust offers and no Jaw
will ever be enacted which will pre
vent a fool and his money from part-
» u g-
But the masses of the people, have,
no option in their dealings witli trusts.
When the manufacture and price “of ar
ticles which they must have are con-
tioiled by monopolies they are obliged
to buy of those monopolies am 1 pay
what they ask.
It is in' the power of Congress to
prevent the fixing of arbitrary prices
of most of the manufactures which are
in the control of combinations. Con
gress can do that by simply decreeing
free trade in the kind of manufactures
thus monopolized in the United States.
The flood of the world’s competition
would soon sweep away the artifices of
the trusts. But who expects Congress
toymen the gates for such a flood?
Evidently the capitalists who are al
ready combined to control any line of
trade and those who are scheming to
get into the trust business do not fear
such a relribution.
Never before was the organization
cf trusts going on at so rapid a rate.
We have come to expect the announce
ment of. a now one every day. How
the list has grown in a few weeks 1
Among its recent addjtiqns ate the
.Federal Varnish company with a nom
inal capitalization of $100,000, which
is to be modestly expanded Into $30,-
000,000 so us to cover the appraise
ment of the plants that are to be taken
in.
The large paint manufacturers have
combined with a capital of $12,000,000.
It is said that arrangements axe about
complete'for a combination of the oil
stove manufacturers—capital $6,000,-
000.
The National Strawboard company
has been organized with a capital of $6,-
000,000. ^lt does not aspire lo control
the entire strawbpiird output of the
country but will be content With half
of it, generously ieaviug'the other
half to the American Strawboard com
pany.
An oyster trust with $5,000,000 cap
ital has just been chartered in .New
Jersey and the same State lias given a
charter to a fish and/game trust Uiat
has been organized by some enterpris
ing titizens of Philadelphia.
The American (Screw company of
Providence, is to include plants, in a
dozen cities and go to its work with
$10,000,000 capital.
^ Tire importance of eating slow ly is so
great that children should he
this ; mv matter how hungry they a re/
insist upon the food being thoroughly
masticated, A small quantity of food
well .grouu.l will prove much more
whrderivme and nourishing than a hear
■iyOffight hwsfti'y^wailiitVi'd.—Told fooJ
is more difficult to digest than hot, if
eaten in too great, haste. Before
digestion takes place the food has to
be raised to tiie normal temperature of
the stomach, which is about ninety-
sac PS.
Green Turtle Soup—Fish
Consomme—Beef Tr y
"TTBirr
Foiled Red 8iiapper-/Ffsh 'Trust
Green Keas—(.'aiming Trust.
. Picklefc-Vine^Jrust.
JJRKES#;
Terrapin—Fish Trust.
Roman Punch—Ice Trust.
_'# ROAST."
Roast Beef—Cattle Trust.
Stewed Tomatoes—Canning TrjisJ.
Creamed-Potatqee—Milk Trust.
TSalad : Lettuce Mayohawe—Vim&garTrust.
DESSERT, ri
Ice Cream—Milk Trust. Sorbet—Ice Trust.
- '—Cheese—Milk'rnut . ■
~ Vdffee—Sugar T/ust.
Cigars—.-Havana Tobacco Trust.
Toast—Flour Trust.
A light-headed, reader might regard
this simply as a neat piece of n wag's"
work,,but, tb persons- who have con
sidered one of.the giavest problems of
tmr time it has a deep and somber sig
nificance. F. H. Ruiiaiidson.
be better not to plant it Mei^ thaii
April 1st in Spartanburg, as it would
then have longer to mature. Its culti
vation agrees with that for cotton. It
is laid by in July and is harvested in
August aud September. - •
The. si raw can he separated'from the
grain by a wheat thresher, and later
ibis may be carried to u “huller”
where the chaff is removed. Rice
straw and chaff are considered quite
beneficial as a once a week food for
horses. The grains may be beaten off
the stalk with flails, aud negro women
often beat the chaff off the grains by
means of a large wowien pestle in a
mortar made out of the stutpp of a
tree. The average yield i>er acre is
from 25 to 35 bushels, though as many
as"sixty have been known. The grain
are not so Uglily polished as those
the toast Tice, but tins does rot detrad
Trom the taste <>f tho article. Rice is
an important food product in this ‘
neighborhood.' It is eaten with —
3iibl(-s_al dinper. Rice and iTeans, and
turnips are dc iicious. Gravy is not
used with the rice, but the sauce that
accompanies the turnip^ or beans.
The planters are very much 'inter
ested iu tobacco culture now and
it is said tfial six hundred acres will be
planted in the county. ’ Tobacco barns
and hot beds are springing up every
where. Jscveral of -Jho- prominent
planters of this neighborhood, Dr.
Summers, Mr, Taylor, and Mr. Rush, •
with others have hired a man from
North- Carolina to superintend their
crops and theTiuiTdiug and heating of
ihreir barns. Those who have not en
tered the'' business are watchiiig. these
operation' jvith much intcre'sC.
Everyone has been qmazeii over the
unusifal severity of this winter. Dr.
Ufant,'whose white head tells the pass-
uever—
eight degrees.
O . O v •' •*
As soon as the daughter of a German
farmer can run alone she is provided
with a stout linen bag, marked iu her
own name, and which is intended for
the receptacle.of all, the feathers she
•tan pick up. Not a downy bit escapes
her notice, aud the sooner the bag is
full the more praise does she receive
from her parents. , WJieu the bag is
quite full it is emptied into a large one,
which hangs up iu the garret, and the
feathers whjch accumulate there are
made into pillows, bolsters, mattresses
or cushions.
Canada needs only 237,000 square
miles to be as large as the whole con
tinent of Europe; it is nearly thirty
times as laige as Gnat Britain and
Ireland and is 5,000 squat e miles larger
than the United States, excluding
Alaska: •? " r “' " '
Advice that is not sought rarely is
of much benefit.
"On Guard.
When disease
shoots the first
arrow the truly
wise man will
come ■instantly
on guard. He
will not wait for
the attack. He
will not hesitate
Until the full
-force of disease
and misery -aud
death comes crashing about him. -
When a tnan beftins to feel “out of
sorts," when his appetite is failing and his
energy is not up to the mark, when he has
bilious attacks and a feeling* of lassitude
and incapacity, if he is wise, he will take
Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery
right away. It will bring his appetite back
again, and what is more it will bring back
his digestive powers. It will give aTT'the
assimilative functions the edge and power
to extract abundant nourishment from the
food he eats. It will make good, pure,
healthy blood and send it coursing rapidly
through his veins and arteries into every
organ and tisshe of the bodjh It will put
flesh on his bones and force in his mnscles:
it will give him strength and courage and
cheerfulness, in a wordrit will give him
complete health. ..
It excretes from the system every par
ticle of dead, useless, flabby tissue. It
even reduces the weight of the corpulent
man at the same time that it builds up bis
strength and working power The weight
it adds to people who need it is the kiud
that comes of pure blood and every organ
doing its work properly anil thoroughly;-,*
what pugilists call fighting weight”
’scon in the low country ahy weather to
compare with the “dreadful freeze.”
The cape jessainmeS, ihe japonicas,
and the.pomegranates are killed down
to the crouu4.-'»T'hc' 'wW!rds were just
berimth)" to he redolent" with the
yellow jessamine, but now
trees are covered with lifeless
beautiful
the
vines. Yesterday we found some stray
bud* and "blossoms in protected places.
The violets and but*e r ctips arc peeping
out shyly, as if mutely asking if spring '
has eon ie. • A. P. S.
Lyons', IS. C., March 18, 1899. •
Good Roads.—The agitation for
bettei; roads grows apace and will not
fail of realization; the growth of public
opinion favorable to this economic
movement has been accelerated during
recent years by the object lessons that
have been presentded in Georgia and
Alabama where the'people have realiz
ed by practical experiment the value of
the investment; they have found out
that uo taxes paid by them inure j»p*
directly and immediately to their .
benefit as those paid for good roads,
while the enhancement in the value of
farm lands has repaid the cost of the
roads several times over. .
The time is not tar distant when the
intelligence arid common sence-of the _
Southern people will indicate, its
recognition of Ihe imperative necessity
for better highways, and they will be
promply forth-coming. In the mean
time it becomes the duly of e*.*ery pro
gressive citizen to keepup theagiiation,
and, above all, the press of the South
should lend ils advocacy and influence \.
in behalf of this all important mover
meut.
The Asparagus Bed.—One of the
most useful things in a farmer’s gar
den is an asparagus bed ; it should be
planted on one side so as to be out of
the way; because it does not have to
be renewed ; it will last a long lime,
an4-4n making a new asparagus bed I
(youlit get two-year old plania from the- -
"nursery and plant theta two feet apart,
with (he rows two and a half feet
apart. It cuu ho raised from the seed
easily enough, but it would “likely be
too thick. If raisqd from the seed it
should be trausplanted tbe second
year, in order to get the best results.
The piece of ground the asparagus
joe's into needs to be thoroughly fer
tilized with fine rotted manure. To
get this draw a few loads ol stable
manure in a pile and work it over the
year before. It is almost impossible
to get too much of that in the soil.
SedCbr prcpsM erpress on recetnt of price.
ALLIGATOR LINIMENT CO.,
I ' Charleston, 8. C,
OSBORNE'S
uitnete’
Aagaata, 0a.
» -
t