Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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1P& / X The Barnwell People. Largest Circulation in the Countv THB STORY OF APPOMATTOX PBOM A CUNPKDBKATB VIEW ^ 1 G«n. Robert -1C. Ijee’e Chief oi 8c»ff Gtvee HI* Version of the Famoue Barrender—Oen. Ke Nerer Offered hi* Sword to Oram and the Declined to Take It. ... ' Merer Col. Charle* Marshall, of Baltimore, who wa* Gen. Liee’a chiof of stall, ha* contributed the following Interesting statement of what occurred at Appo mattox to the Washington Post: 1 have frequently noticed that when Old ioldlers and sailors meet for a talk about the civil war they sometimes for get the reverence due the divinity commonly spoken of as the Goddess of Truth. For my part, I have heard events that occurred under my own eyes described in such a way that 1 failed tarecognize them. - ' We do not yet know with certainty the facts of the battle of Waterloo, and as to ghancellorsville and Gettysburg, although'! witnessed both, I some times think, In view of the absolutely irreconcilable accounts we have of these two engagements, a Bishop Whatley might readily Create butorlc doubts as to whether,either was in fact fought. With the full knowledge of this ten dency to error,! will give -you as ao -curately as I can an exact narrative of the circumstances attending the sur render of Gen. Loo’s army at Appo mattox, as they fell uhder mj direct observation. I will exclude everything not Immediately connected with the great event, as 1 am convinced that it possessed sufficient interest io itself to render comment unnecessary, if i^pt in appropriate. ‘ There is one very important matter 1 wish settled at the outset, however. It is this : Gen. Lee did not meet Geh. Grant in the McLean house on the moruL g of April i>, iBlxn, fqr the pur pose of then and there effecting a sur render of his army. On the contrary, it was simply for >hd purpose of near ing Grant’s terms. As a matter of fact, .if they had not suited Geh. Lee he would not have accepted thpm ; bht -Grants offer was so liberal, so mag nanimous, ard so chivalrous that it was accepted forthwith. It is well to add that-had Geo. Grant’s terms been less favprable than those ho made, Gen. Lee would not have accepted them, no matter what the circum stances might have been.. We had be come accustomed come what to deal with desperate circumstances. 1 wish to have another matter under- stool boferu beginning a consecutive narrative of the surrender. This is in regard to Gen. Horace Portere state ment, made repeatedly, orally and In writing, that Geh. Lee offered his sword to Grant. Lee never offered his sword to Grant, and the latter never refused it. If was with the great Southern .chieftain from the time he greeted Grant in the McLean bouse until ho rode away, and .the only time the mention of a sword was made was when Grant apologized to Lee for bis dress, explaining that it was not pos sible for him to gel across to his bag gage and at the same time keep the appointment: The terms of capitula tion expressly excepted side arms, and in view of that fact it would have been a most unusual procedure for Gen. Lee to have offered his sword to Grant. ‘These matters are unimportant in themselves, but it is well for the sake of history to have them cleared up. After the disaster of Sailor’s Greek, in<»April, 18155, the army, reduced to two corps under the command of Gen. Longstveet and Gen. Gordon, moved through Karoiville, whoro rations were issued to some of the starving troops. A close pursuit by the overwhelming army.of Gen. Grant made it necessary to remove the wagon trains before all the men could be supplied, and the rem nant of the great army of Northern Virginia, exhausted by light and star vation, moved on the road to Appomat tox Court House. On the afternoon of 7th of April, 18155, Gen. Grant wrote to Gen Lee staling that the- hopelessness of fur ther resistance was apparent and asking a surrender of the army of Northern Virginia. When this letter was received there was some difference of opinion among the general officfFs as to the nature of >he reply to be made to Gen. Grant's letter. «omo thinking it was yet pos sible £o save the remnant of the army. Finally, however, Gen. Lee decided to meet Grant, and 1 was directed.to draw up communication to that effect. This is the letter Gen. Lee.signed : April 7‘, 18f>5.—General : 1 have re ceived your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you ex press of the hopelessness of further re sistance on the part of the army of Northern Vfrginia, 1 reciprocate your desire to avoid useless.effusionof blood, and, therefore, beforeconsidering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of surrender. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 1 K. E. Lee, General. It was not until the next day that a reply was received to this letter. Grant stated that he would insist upon but one condition ; this was that the men and officers surrendered should b3 disqualified'to take up arms against the United States until properly ex changed. Even after this correspondence Gen. Lee did not abardon hopes of success fully extricating himself from the dilemma. The army has been in straits almost as deplorable,- The march was continued during April#, with little interruption from the enemy. In the evening we halted near Appomattox Court House, Gen. Lee intending to march by way of Campbell Court House, through Pitt sylvania County, toward Danville, with a view of opening communications with the army of Gen. Joseph E. John ston, then retreating before Gen. Sher man through North Carolina. Gen. Lee’s purpose was to unite with John ston to attack Sherman, or call John : ston to his aid in resisting Grant, whichever might be found best. The exhausted troops were halted for rest near Appomattox Court HoUse, and the march was resumed at 1 a. m. I can convey a good idea of. the condi tlon-ef- affair* by telling my own ex perience. When the army halted Gen. Lee and staff turned out of the road Into a dense wood tp reoeive^some rest. Lee had a conference with some of the principal officers, at which it was determined to force our way the next morning with the troops of Gordon, supported by the cavalry under Gen.„Fttzhugh Lee, the command of Longatreet bringing up the rear. With my comrades <hthe staff anirmtr crfffcgrg pf 'Gapr. 'Long-' little rest with our horses picketed near hy. eating the bark of trees for wsnt of better provender, and our faces covered with the capes of our} overcoats to keep out the night air. Soon ►fieri a. m. I was aroused by the sound of a column of infantry marching along the road, At first I thought they were the Federal sol diers. I raised my head and listened In tently. polled. My doubt* were quickly dl*- done. It' was Hood’s eld Texas brl gade, and I recognized the command se of them by bearing one of theih repeat the ver sion of a passage of Scripture with which I was familiar—I mean with the Texas version : The race Is not to them that's got The longest legs to run. Nor the battle to that people That shoots the biggest gun. Soon after they passed we were all astir and our bivouac was at an end. We made our simple toilet, consisting mainly of putting on our caps and sad dling our horses. Somebody had a little cornmeal and somebody else had a tin can, such as Is used to bold water for shaving. A fire was kindled, and each man in hla turn, according to ranc and seniority, made a can of oat meal gruel and wrs allowed to keep the can until the^gru^ became cool enough to drink. Gen. Lee, who re posed, as we had done, not far from us, did not, as 1 remember, hare even such refreshments as I have described. This was our last meal in the Con federacy. Our next was taken In the United States, and consisted mainly of a generous portion of that noble Amer ican animal, whose strained relations with the Chancellor of the German Empire made it necessary at last for the President of the United States to send an Ohio man to the court of Berlin. “Tantas componere Utes.” As soon as we all had our turn at the shaving can we roue towards Appomat tox court house,, when the sound of guns announced that Gordon had al ready begun the attempt to open the way. He forced his way through the cav alry of the enemy only to encounter a force of Infantry far superior to his own wearied and starving command. He informed General Lee that It was impossible to advance furth r. And it became evident that the-end was at hand. Gan. Lee had written Grant, stating that he wouidjgneet him at Kl o’clock on the morning of April U, on the old stage road to Klcbmdnd. Attended by myself and one orderly Lee proceeded down this rqad to meet Gen. Grant. A* jvb through the rear guard, composed of the remnants of Longstreet’s corps, the men cheered their chieftain as he passed. Their confidence and enthusiasm were not one whit abated by defeat, hunger and danger. it was lucky fdt'.the Secretary of the Treasury that this rear guard was not permitted to try Its hand at increasing the pension roll with which he is now struggling. These men made no fraudulent pensioners. When they were done with a man, he or his repre sentatives had an Indisputable claim to a pension under .any kind of a pension law. Gen. Lee, with an orderly in front, bearing a flag of truce, bad proceeded but a short distance after passing through udr rear guard, when he came upon the advancing enemy. I rode forward to meet a Federal officer, who turned out to be Lieut. Col. Whittier, of Gen. Humphrey's staff, and who de livered to me Gen. Grant’s reply to Gen. Lee’s letter declining to discuss the terms of a general pacification. I took this letter to Gen. Lee, who at once dictated to me a letter to Grant asking an interview for the purpose of discussing terms of surrender. Col. Whittier took this letter Ao Grant. Gen. Lee then returned to the front, and with Gen. Long8trt;et proceeded to a small orchard, ami lauru waited fur Grant’s reply. A* he .was muun fatigued a rude couch was prepared under an apple tree, upon which he reclined until the appearance of a flag of truce, and Grant’s affirmative reply. Col. Babcock, who brought the reply, told Gen. Lee that he had been sent to make arrangements for the meeting that Gen. Lee desired within the Fed oral or Confederate lines. Gen. Lee directed me to accompany him with one orderly, and immediately mounting hla horse rode wltbCoi. Bab cock toward Appomattox Cqurt House. We passed through an Infahtry force in front of the viiage, and Geu. Lee directed me to find a suitable plaoeJoe themeeting. I rode forward and asked the first citizen 1 met to direct me to a house suitable for the purpose. I learned afterward that the citizen w*s Mr. McLean, who had lived on the bat tle field of Hull Hun, but bad removed to Appomattox Court House to get out of the way of the war McLean con ducted me to an unoccupied and unfur nished house, in a very bad State of repair. I told him that it was not suitable, and he then offered his own hbirserto which he conducted me. . I found a room suitable for the pur pose in view and sent back the orderly who tad accompanied me to direct Gen. Lee and Col. Babcock, to the house. . They came In presently and Col Babcock said that as Gen. Grant was approaching on the road In front of the house, it would only be neoessiry for him to leave an orderly to direct him to the place of meeting. Gen. Lee, Col. Babcock and myself sat in the parlor (or about ha f aa hour when a large party of men arrived,and In a few minutes Gen. Grant came into the room, accompanied hy his staff and a number of Federal officers of rank, among whom were Gen. Ord and Gen. Sheridan. Gen. Grant-greeted Gen. Lee very civilly, and they engaged In conversa tion for a short time abput their former acquaintance during the Mexl can war. - Some othffr Federal officers took part in the conversation, which was termin ated by Gen. Lee saying to Gen. Grant that he had oome to discuss the terms of the surrender of his army, as indi cated In his note of that thbrnlng, and he suggested to Gen. Grant to reduce his proposition to writing. Gen. Grant assented and €ol. Parker, of his staff, moved a small; table from tbef opposite side of the room and placed it by Gen. Grant, who sat facing Gen. . When Gen. Grant had written his letter In pencil he took it to Gen. Lee. who remained seated. Gen. Lee read the letter and called Gen. Grant’s at tention to the fact that he required the surrender of the cavalry as if they were public horses. He told General Grant that the Confederate cavalry men owned their horses, and'they would need them for planting a soring crop. Gen. Grsmt at ouce accepted the suggestion. The terms of the letter having been agreed to, Gen. Grant directed Col. Parker to make a copy of it In Ink, and Gen. Lea directed me to write his »o- When Gen. Lee returned to his lines large number of men gathered around him, to whom he announced #bat had taken*place and the oeuses that had rendered the surrender neces sary. Great emotion was manifested by officers and meff Alike, but Lee maintained admirably his self-control. Although the surrenUer was a fearful blow to him, he did not wince. He was a noble, pure, good man. I never heard him utter an oath, al though at times there seemed to be provocation. I never saw him lose his temper. He was always the same”, never irritated or fl uttered. Even In the rash, ruar and rumble of battle he was oool and collected, and gave his orders in the quietest tone of voice. Here Is an instance of hla self-con trol The morning of the battle of Chaaoellortvllle be was anxiously waiting word from J. E. B. Stewart and Jaoluon, who had made a elrcult in order to get la‘ the rear of the enemy. We were sitting on our horses on the top of a h.ll, and I saw in the distance a galloping horseman. He was a cou rier from Gen. Stewart announcing his success, and stating that he would at tack at ouee. As we rode along, ,1 reading the dispatch aloud, a bomb passed screaming between the letter and my face, the fuso scorching my love. Neutrally l stopped reading, ut while the shell passed equally as close to Lee, he never winced He ileitly said, “Go on, Colonel.’’ He deeply loved Jackson, and when the announcement of his woard was made Lee was much distressed. Jack son’s death was a fearful blow to him. He admired Jackson cot only as a sol dier and a-statesman, but as a pure and noble Christian as well. cepu Col. Parker took the table upon whloh Gen. Grant had bean writing to the other side of the room and I accom panied him, and after he had finished copying the* latter I sat down to the same table and wrote Gen. Lee’s ac ceptance. When Gen. Grant had elgned the copy of hie letter made by Col. Parker end Gen. Lee had signed the answer. Col. Parker handed to me Gen. Grant** letter and .1 handed him Gen. Lee’s reply ecd the work was BRNATR FOR LOCAL OPTION. ABLE AMD VIGOROUS DEBATE. advocate of the eause of temperance. How beet to obtain that desirable result Is the momentous question. Is prohl- blbion likely to do It ? Has it ever suc ceeded anywhere? I Relieve that It has been tried almoet everywhere, and with a few exceptions has been aban doned wherever tried, end where it bee been tried and where it continues to e^ist it finds its chief strength and support la the liquor men The Senators Discussed the Liquor Question With Dignity and (Deco rum—Btrong Advoeates an All Sides. The Senate was engaged for two or three days in discussing the various aspects of the liquor question, and the debate was merited by great ability and courtesy. Our space will not allow full report of the proceedings, bift we give the substance of views ex pressed by several of the Senators, who represented the different phases of the discussion. Senator Dean, of Greenville, Is reported as follows : The bill now under consideration is one of the most Important to be con sidered at the present session of the General Assembly. I hope and believe that Senators upon this floor recognize theffact that the Issue is fraught with grave Importance to the people of South Carolina and thai in debating as well as voting we will be inspired by pure and patriotic motives, laying aside ail partisan spirit and feeling—if there be such—and seeking only to promote the best Interest of the State. i "la the outset let me say that I do not count myself as among the enemies of the dispensary law. Candor com pels me to admit that It embodies some commendable and praiseworthy pro- vlsloas. Some of its features are abhor- ent to me, and mast be to any reflect- isg mind. 1 am not here to Insist upon my personal views sad preferences, but- to rsfleotand represent the sentiments of my constituents. Let me inquire, tueo, What is the sentiment of the people ot Greenville County on this question ? in the House of Reprasen- ifttlves she has three prohibitionists, oze dispensary advocate, and one local optionist. If we assume that the will of the people was fairly expressed In the selection of these representatives then we mutt conclude that there Is grave doubts as to whether or not Greenville County is satisfied with the dispensary law. "I call the attention of the Senate to the fact that there Is no proposition here ta abolish or repeal the dispen sary law. Tne amendment of the Ben ator from Bamberg, as well as the bill offered by tne Senator from Clarendon, proposes to submit three propositions to the people, allowing the people in each county to adopt either as the ma jority. may determine. The proposi tions commend themselves favorably to my judgment and have the approval of my conscience. Where is there any unfairness? I ask the opponents of this measure why are you unwilling to send these propositions to the people ? • “In those counties wbere a majority favor the dispensary law let that law be continued. Where a majority do not favor It—and so express them selves—let It die. No law should be continued on the statute books that Is dot favorable upon the consent of the people who are to be governed by It, and any law that runs counter to the will of the people cannot be success fully enforced. All mast admit that this question has agitated, in an unusual manner, the people of the State for several years. Let the peo ple now settle It and to some extent remove the liquor problem from poli tics. If the people express their prefer ence for the dispensary law and set the signet of their approval upon it at the ballot box, I submit that the en forcement will be made easier. Then why not let the people remove this festering sore from the political body of South Carolina? It has been the hobby ol the demagogue and politician long enough, and so long as I have a voice and a vote upon this floor 1 shall advocate a measure allowing the Demo cratic voters to settle the whole mat ter. To oppose this measure Is to deny the right of the majority to rule. It Is to resist local self-government and resist the cardinal principle of Democ- •l ^ * ys 1^' racy.” Mr. ilderton, a* Mr. Dean was about to resume bis seat, asked : "Apo you In favor of the dispen sary ?” Mr. Dean replied : “I can’t say that Tam opposed to It, though I am frank to aay that I think I should prefer the high license plan.” Mr. Ildertoa—“Have you ever been In favor of the dispensary Mr. Dean—“I oan’t say that I hsve ever opposed it.” This ended the collcquy and Mr. Dean took his seat. Senator Aldrich, of Barnwell, made a strong defense of the dispensary, while attacking both prohibition and high license. He had thought the- liquor question was settled temporarily by the re-election of Governor Kllerbe, but in this he was disappointed. He took up the three propositions, and ex- ow about the lioense plan ? I would like to ask, .Mr. President, the advocates of the lioense plan to answer a few plain questions. The first one that I would like to ask is this: T>o our friends believe that a man who takes out a lioense to sell liquor, unde* ibe present law in this State, confines his ■alee to the liquors that he buys from the dispensary—will he confine his trade to the liquors he procures ac cording to the law of this State ? Un der that license system, liliile a few, bottles or oases of dispensary liquor may be bought add put on the shelves, the salee will consist mainly of such cheap, vile stuff that it will take away the brains of people and fill our jails and penitentiary.” Mr. Aldrich said that no man, no matter what His views were On the liquor question, would deny, that the evils of the liquor habit have been vastly abated in South Carolina. No houeat man can aay that any other law that ever was enacted in this or aay other State accomplished as much on that line, and that will go on accom plishing more and more every year that you glVe It a fair trial. “Mr. President, these are briefly my view* that I,have npoiftbis subject. I don’t think prohibition w^l! advance the cause of temperance, or I would vote for It. I don’t believe that high license will do either, but on tho con trary it will bring about the worst state of affairs that were ever known. I believe that the dispensary law, now that It has received the endorsement of the people In popular election; now that its enemies apparently' have formed a trues, will work to the satis faction of all if given one year of un interrupted and unopposed progress. “Mr. President, there Is another con sideration that appeals very cibpely to my feelings, and that is this—that the State afterh storm affiT tern pest has at last arrived at a state of union. Fac tlonal differences seem to be laid aside, and I hope tney will soon be forgotten, but if you open Una pandora box the past eight years won’t be a breakfast spell to the bitterness and political strife that will prevail in this State from one end to the other. I hope neither one of these bills will pass, but the present law will be tried fairly on its merits and receive the support and encouragement of every patriotic citizen of South Carolina.” Senhtdr Sheppard, of Edgefield, who has the reputation of being a finished orator, did not disappoint his friends in the speech which he made on the question under consideration. No question, said he, had been pre sented to the consideration of the Sen ate nor would there be a question pre sented of such Incomparable interest to the people of the State as the present one. He congratulated the Senate on the high plane on which the debate had been eonducted, and declared that the people of South Carolina, more than the Senators, were agitated on this question. They had been agitated since the dispensary was thrown from the legislative hopper like an apple of discord Into their midst. It came un expectedly and immediately after a de cision at the ballot box for a different solution of the liquor problem. At once the occupation of hundreds of cit izens Of South Carolina was taken from them; at once thousands of dollars worth of property of citizens of South Carolina was taken from them; at once the public mind of South Carolina de dared against the law aud said it was contrary to the spirit of the Constitu tion. This opinion was sustained by the State supreme court, thagon which no purer men evef sat. Everywhere were people opposed to the law. They threw obstacles in Its way, but tho mailed hand of tyranny crameed It down their throats. Tnen, declared the speaker, and now Pandora’s box was opened and ills have not yet ceased. He told how the executive lash was applied In enforcing the law, spoke of the shooting and killing of citizens by constables and thought tne extremity of the infamy was reached when the Governor pardoned these slayers of people suspected of violating the law. “That is why the people are agitated on this question!” exclaimed the speaker. Because of the constant resistance on one hand and rigorous enforcement of the law on the other, since the atten tion of the courts have bees withdrawn from it. Mr. Sheppard said for these reasons he would not have directed at tention to the question at this time, for he believed tne more the dispensary Is let alone, the more surely liTfslture bound to crown Its efforts and ruin overtake those who dabble in it. Since the enactment of the law, he askqd, had the Senators ever heard.so much of vituperation and charges as now. Not even the Governors of the State had escaped Its fangs. The more, he went on to say, aqy policy is resisted, the more will it be on its good behavior. The dispensary has already shown its best features, but be declared, “I say as a fundamental principle of govern mental policy that It Is wrong. It Is wiong and destructlvs to the public morals and the publin peace.” Hi he asked, can It be right for the to engage In the sale of whiskey ? He believed the time not far distant when the courts would say that the control of anv monopoly by a State is contrary to public policy. It is not the question of the restora tion of the bar-rooms, explained Mr. Bheppard. There is oot a Senator on the floor who would hesitate oa that question. As all know the Constitu tion expressly forbids the sale of whis key to be drunk on the premises. The talk of bar-rooms being re-opened, he declared to be a surd. Mr. Sheppard asserted that he would not vote today for a bill to abolish the dispensary. He was not instructed by feis constituents and would not vote on an issue which so vitally .concerned them Without an expression from them. The proposition under consideration was to refer the matter to the people and let them pass on it. After they had passed on it would be found the General Assembly In solid array ready to carry out the voters’ wlk, The speaker was surprised the pre ceding night to hear the prohibition- Its spoken of in such contemptuous lan guage as that used by Mr. Ilderton. They Retired, he Mid, “to end a busi ness that ha* filled more graves than any pestilence the world has ever known, they desire to end: a business that has wrecked more homes than any other cause known R> humanity. 1 ’ Thousands df the best people in the State were arrayed to drive whiskey from its borders, end when he looked at the ruin and desolation wbieirlt had McKINLRY AND HIS POLICY. THE QUESTION OP TRE HOUR. He Reviews the Eventfal Year Jut Ended and Deals With Outlook at This Time. At e reoeptlpnand banquet In Boston ‘"oElnley Manila, where every red drop, wheth er from the veins of an American, soldier or a misguided Filipino is an( gulsh to my heart; but by tie broadl 'rangeoj future years when th it groupV a of' ulands under the impulso of the ^ year just past shall have become the ’TbeHeve, Mr: President, that there is not a right thinking man la this chamber—in this State—that la not no Hpw, State wreugbi"he wonld not hesitsto to loin them in their efforts if be believed it practicable. a few days ago, President' Me made the following defence of hla ad ministration : ■ Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen': The years go quickly. It seem not so long, but It is, in fact, six years since it was my honor to be a guest of the Home Market club. Much has hap pened in the intervening time. Issues whloh were then engaging us have been settled or put aside for larger and more absorbing ones. Domestic conditions have Improved and gen erally satisfactory. We have made progress in Industry, and have re alised the prosperity for whloh we have been striving. We had four long years of adversity, which taught us some lessons which will never be un learned, and whloh will be valuable In guiding our future action. } * We have not only been successful in our financial and business affairs, hut Ws have been successful In a war with a forslgn power, which edded great glory to American arms and a new chapter to American history. I do not know why, In the year 1890, this republic has- unexpectedly had placed before it mighty problems which U must face and. meet. They have come end are here, and they could not be kept away. Many who were im patient for the conflict a year ago, ap parently heedless of Its larger results, were the first to cry out against the far- reaching consequences of their own act. Those of us who dreaded war most and whose every effort was directed to prevent it, hiid fears of new and grave problems which might fol low Us inauguration. The evolution of events which no man could oontrdT has brought these problems upon us Certain It la that they have not come through any fault upon our own part, but as a-high obligation and we meet them with a clear ccnsclenoe and un selfish purpose, und with good heart to resolve to undertake their solution. War was declared In April, 1898, with practical unanimity by the con gress, and once upon us, was sustained by like unanimity among the people. There have been many who have tried to avert It, as, on the other hand,~ there are those who would have-pre cipitated it at at early date. In its prosecution and f conclusion the great majority of our ’countrymen of every section believed they were fighting for a just cause, and, at home or on sea, or In the field, they had part in its glo rious triumphs. It was the war of an undivided nation. Every great act in its progress, from Manila to Santiago, from Guam to Pa- na, met universal and hearty commen dation. The protocol commanded the practically unanimous approval of the American people. It was welcomed by every lover of peace beneath the flag. The Philippines,like Cuba and Porto Klco. were entrusted to our hands by the war, and to that great trust, under the providence of God and in the name of numan progress «fnd civilization, we are committed. It is a trust we have not sought; it IsB'trust from which we will not flinch. The American people will hold up the hands of their servants at home, to whom they committed Its action, while, Dewey and Otis and the brave men they command will have, the support of the country in upholding our flag where It now floats, the symbol and as surance of liberty amtlustlce. J What nation was ever able to write an accurate program of the war upon which it. was entering, much less de cree In advance the scope of Us results? Congress can declare war, but a high er power decides its bounds and fixes Its relations and responsibilities. The president can direct the movements of soldiers on the field and fleets upon the sea, but he cannot foresee the close of such movements, and prescribe their ilmTts. He cannot anticipate or avoid the consequenoes, but he must meet them. No accurate map of na tions engaged in war can be traced until the war is over, nor oan tbs measure of responsibility be fixed until the last gun Is fired and the verdict Is embodied In the stipulations of peace. We bear ao complaint of the rela tions created by the war between this government and the Islands of Cuba aud Porto Kloo. There are some, how ever, who regard the Philippines as in a different relation, but whatever variety of views there may be on this phase of the question, there Is univer sal agreement that the Philippines shall not be turned bagk to Spain. No true Amerioan consents to that. Even if unwilling to accept them oprselves, U would have been a week evasion of manly duly to require Spain to trans fer them to some other power or pow ers, and thus shirk our own responsi bility. Even if wa had had,,aajve did not have, the power to compel such a transfer, It could not have been made without the most serious laternatlohal complications. Such a course could not be thought of And yet had we refused to accept the cession of them we should have bad no power over them, even for their own good. We could not discharge the responsibilities upon us until these Islands became ours either by conquest or treaty. There was but one altorna? live, and that was either Spain or the United States, in the Phlllipplnes. The other suggestions-first, that they sbou d be tossed Into the arena of con tention for the strife of nations; or, second, to be left to the anarchy and chaos of no protectorate at all—were too shameful to be considered. Tie treaty gave them to the United State*. Could we have acquired less and done our duty? Could we, after freeing the Filipinos from the doinlnetlon of Spein, have left them without government end without power to protect life end property, oi to perform the interna- tlonal obligations*essential to an inde pendent state? Could we have left them In a state 6f anarchy and justified ourselves In our own consciences or before the tribunal of mankind? Could we have done that in the sight of God and man? Our concern was net for territory or trade or empire, but for the people whose Interest and deatiny without our willing It had been put In our hands. It was this feeling from the first day to the last one; not one word or line went from the executive in Washing ton to our military and natal com manders at Manila or to our peac com missioners at Paris that did not put as the sftlq purpose to be kept In mind, first after the success of our arms and the maintenance of our own honor, the welfare and happlnees and the rights of the inhabitant* of the Philippine Ulands. Did we need their opnsent to E erform a gaeat act for humanity ? ' We ad it in'isvery aspiration of tbttr minds, in every hope of their hearts. Was it ncoessary to ask their concent to capture Manila, the capital of their islands? Did we aek their consent to liberate them from Spanish sover eignty or to enter Manila bay and destroy the Spanish sea power there? We did not ask these: we were obeying a higher moral obligation which rested on us and which did not require any body’s consent. < We were doing our duty by them with the consent of our own conscience and with the approval of civilization. Every present obliga tion has been met end fnlfilled in the expulsion of the Spanish sovereignty from their Ulkuds, and while the war that destroyed it was In progress we omtld not ask their views. Nor can we ' >a«k their consent. Indeed, can any one tell me ih what form It could ba marshalled and ascer tained until peace and order, so neces sary to reign of reason, shall be secured and established ? A reign of terror is not the kind of rule under which right action and deliberate judgment are possible. It Is not a good time for the liberator to ' submit important ques tions concerning liberty and govern ment to the liberated while they are engaged in shooting down their rescu- We have now ended the ,war with Spain. . Th*, treaty baa b «a rai • fit 4 by more than two-thlrd^tof tne Smalt of the United Sts tea-sod by the j.j.d?- ment of nine-tenths' cf Us p^opl 3 . N. nation was ever more fortunate In war or more honorable In peace. It re mains to ask what we aha 1 db now. I do not Intrude upon the duties.of Con- I 'rese or seek to anticipate or forestall ta action. 1 only say that the treaty of peace, honorably secured, having been ratified by the United Btales, and as we confidently expect, shortly to be ratiCel In Spain, Congress will have t ie power and I am sure the purpose to do what In good morals is right and just and humane for these people in distant seas. ~ The future of the Philippise islands is now in the hands of the American people. Until the treaty\was ratified or rejected the executive department of this government couldenly preserve the peace and protect life and property. That treaty now commits the free and enfranchised Filipinos to the guiding haefi 1 and liberating Influences, the generous sympathies,’ the uplifting education, not of their American mas ters, but of their American emancipa tors No one can tell today what is best for them or for us. I know no one at thts hour who Is wise enough oreuf- ficlently informed to determine what form of government will beet subserve their interests and Oiir interests, their and our well being. If we knew every thing by intuition—and I sometimes think there are those who believe that if wo do not they do—we should not need information ; but unfortunately most of us are not in that happy state. The whole subject is now with Con gress and Congress is the voice, the conscience and the judgment of the American people. Upon their judg ment and conscience can we not rely ? I believe In them- I trust them. I know of no better or safer human tri bunal than the people. Until Congress shall direst ..other wise It will be the duty of the execu tive to possess and hold the Philip pines, giving to the people thereof peace and order and benefict nt gev ernment, affording them opportunity to prosecute tbetr lawful pursuits, en couraging them in their thrift and in dustry, -making them feel and know that we are their friends, not their enemies, that their good Is .our a : m tbelr welfare is our welfa.re, bjt that neither their aspirations nor ours can be realizjd until our authority is acknowledged and unquestioned. That the inhabitants of the Phillip- pines will be benefitted by this repub lic is my unshaken belief, that they will have a kinder government under our guidance and that It will be aided in every possible way to be self-retpect- Ing and self governing is as true as that the American people love liberty and have an abiding faith in their own government and-ia their own institu- lions. - •rr“: No imperial designs lurk in the American mind. They are alien to American sentiment, thought and pur pose. Our priceless principles undergo no change under a tropical sun. They go with the fiat: “Why read ye not the changeless truth, / The free can conquer but to save v ” If we can benefit these remote peo pies who will object? If in the years of the future they are established In government under law and liberty, who will regret our perils and sacri fices? Who will not rejoice in our heroism and humanity ? .Always perils and always after them safety ; always darkness and clouds, but always shin ing through them the light and sun shine; always cost and sacrifice, but always after them the fruition of liberty and education and civilization. I have no light or knowledge not common .to my countrymen. I Jo not prophesy. The present Is all absorb ing to me. bull cannot bound my vision by the bloodstained trenches around fern* and glories of those ironical seas, * plenty a a land of plenty and of increasing pos sibilities, a people redeemed from sav age Indolence and habits, devoted to the arts of peace, in touch with the commerce and trade of all nations, en joying the blessings of freedom, of civil and religious liberty, of education and of homes, and whose children’* child-, ren shall for ages henoe b ess the American republic because it emanot- pated and redeemed 'tbelr fatherland and set them in the pathway of the world’s best civilization. * #- Oliver Wendell Holmes says that if a man truly loved a woman he would' not marry her unless he was absolutely positive that be wa* the very best man jin all the world that ’she could marry. According to this a man would have to be very conceited in deed or remain ’ a bachelor: , This is going a lit tle bit to catrames, but in sober fact, no man should marry a woman so long as he is the victim of ill-health. No man ha* a right to ask a woman net only to be his wife, but a life-long nurse. No man ku a right to ask a woman to share the burden of his ill- health, and that is what be does when he asks her to be hia wife. Ill-health in-man is almost invariably the result of disorders , of the digestive and nutritive organs. If a man s stomach is right and nis liver right, his, blood will be pare and rich, and his nerves strong and steady. When the blood is' pure and rich a man cannot suf fer from ill-health. Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery is. the great digestive tonic. It is not a mere appetiser, but a scientific aid to the natural processes of secretion and excretion. It makes the ap petite keen and hearty, promotes the of digestive juices, makes the assimilation perfect, the liver active and the blood pure and rich. It builds firm, healthy flesh tis sues. It is the greatest known nerve tonic gfld restorative Rr«. P Morteoson. of Sauger. Oliver Co., N. Dak., writes '• Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Dis covery is the best cough medicine I ever tried. A little over two year* ago I was afflicted with a very bad cough and my home physician pre scribed Cod Liver Oil and other kinda of medi cine. He said I might go into quick consum tion and might die in two or three months. They tell a curious story in the House about the alleged smallpox scare. W hen the bill came up to appropriate $2,500 es an emergency fund for hand ling the smallpox io Sumter and other counties, thu most vehement opposition came fiom Dr. Woods, ol Uiarendou. Hjeaiult sash useless expenditure, surd rui try r insist' u .b .t all the scare *** ab n. aotniug; tnat. it was u > suualipox. a. si ; Hist it was not con* lagious, b causo upiukeu pox is Lot contagious. Hu .ostslud that he had uad qtany casus , in L.* | Lactice aui too* there was'no smallpox about it. Now taey say Dr. Woods has the dis ease, whatever It ma/ be,‘whether It* oe chicken pox, small pox or something else. Wnen he returns here be may be b'tier able to tell what the disease ls - Joseph- V. Qiarles, who has be« n elected to the United States Sjoale from Wisconsin, once declined the honor which he'bas bow accepted. In 1882, when a member<of the Legista* lure, he was as good as elected to the Senate; but when it becamq evident that he wolud be chosen h« moved an adjournment His friqods rushed to him and demanded an explanation. ‘ Gentlemen,” said Mr. Quarles, “1 can not do the honors in Wasnlngton whloh a Senator from Wisconsin**!! bound to do. I must build a fortune. Maybe I will have the honor of calling upon you at some later day for your sup port” —The Worcester Gazette observes It is a proof of the rapid progress ol events, the last 12 months to refleo with what Incredulity a prophecy would have been received lo February, 1898, that liy a year 1 * time American re gulars and volunteers would ba en gaged in hostilities with the Philip pine Islanders. Hardly one man in a hundred knew what the Philippine Islands were, and it is to.be doubted if one in a thousand knew anything about them.” ---Norway recently enacted a law f r- bidding the sale of tobacco to youths under 1(5 without signed orders from aduila. Tourists who offar cigarettes to youths render themselves liable to prosecution, while the .police are empowered to confiscate the pipes, olkars and cigarettes of youths who smoke in public streets, a fine for th* offense being likewise Imposed, whieU may be anywhere from 30 cents to $25. —Magistrate Pool, of New York, has turned the Bible out of his court. He; Is quoted assaying: “I won’t swi any one on the Bible, or tell them kiss It. There is no law to compel any one to do so. In court ail manner t>f persons kiss the Bible,.which In such places becomes e breeder of disease.” So hereafter be will swear folks to his court by having thffm hold up their hands. —Helen Kellar, the famous deaf, blind and dumb girl who has’beer so highly educated, visited thi art room of the Boston Museum a few days ago and “saw ” the statues. By passing her wonderfully sensitive' fingers over the figures she was able to get a.cor- fect ideas of tbelr proportions, and dis coursed most interestingly of her ex-- perlence. —The bronzs itatue of Lafayette to ' be erected In Philadelphia represents him as a slender young man of 20. la the right hand is a drawn sword and the left Is placed over his heart. Th* right foot rests on a broken cannon, the other on the ground. A bronze medallion of Mme. Do Lafayette will be placed in the granite pedestal. —William T. King, member of the lower house of the Delaware Legisla ture, is the only single man in that body. A resolution has Just been passed in moot session ordering him to marry within thirty days or furnish fia oyster supper for the members. It looks as If he would pay the penel|^ rather than commit matrimony. —The Queen of Sweden poeaesses an Immense fortune, which she owe# to the gaming tables at Wiesbaden. She did not win the money by gambling'at ' the tables ; her brothers were the pro prietors, and she inherited the wealth accumulated by them. —Gen. Otis, the commander of our forces in the Philippinee, Is said to be a man of laconic speech, who rarely utters more then one short sentence at a time, but wbo manages to make that sentence epigrammatic and full of meaning. ' f ~ —Gen. Merritt believe* that if Agul- 1 inaldo should be captured by the Amer icans tbe Filipinos would still hava a capable leader in Pio del Pilar, wbo U extremely hostile to the United States, and is not of the sort to be conciliated. / —Gin. Brooke has reported to'the war department that the Iqst of the' Spanish troops left Cuba February 8, Geo. Castellanos going o^ tbe fast' ship. V ' Sent bv prepaid express on receipt of pries. AXLIGATOK LI Ml MINT CO., CLsrUstoa. 8. C. Cabbage Plants for Sale. imp- HU medicine did not do rae any good I heard of »V Discovery and be- Dr. Pierce’* Golden Medical fan taking it', when I had taken it about two months, according to directiona. my cough wgs cured, and since that time.we have always kept your medicine in the house." - Dr.^krpe^ Invigorate bj airr ;aaant fillets regulate and omach, liver and bowels. :e dealer*. Now ready for shipment. Wakefipld and Succession, the hardiest, largest, liest and best known varieties. Pnees f. o. b, here I.' 00 to 5.000. $1 50, 5,000 to 10,000 $125, over 10,000 $100 nor 1,000. Th ey are grown in the open air and’ will slitnd Re vere cold,^ Address NORMAN H. BLITCH, Meggett, B. C. OSBORNE'S Auipy.Ba. Ayal^BnefemA jUTegassin a m j i x-