Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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m &AISIYG Tfimr DR. ■HKP/kRD’S BXPKR1MKMT8 IN SOUTH OAHOLINA. b« OaMMlon of Proltt* Not Hrttlrd —BSurta to KtunblUh the Nrw In- duatrjr la the South. The propoaltion baa been maintelned that tea could be produced lo America, aad recent experiments seem to prove It, aajrs the New York Bun. For many years it was not supposed that tea oould be frown successfully in India, but since 1851 it bae been demon- trated that Indian tea is not only wood, but also that it Is a strong rival In tbe markets of the world of Chinese Wa. The climate in the States South of New England corresponds very eloeely with that of tbe Indian tea regions, and this is especially true of the section about Charleston. S. C.,- wbere tbe only persistent effort to grow tea in the. United States has been made. The annoai rainfatt Is a itttte less than in either Japan or Ceylon, and the extremes of beat and cold are greater, but otherwise the conditions are very similiar. Tea plants have been grown in a fashion for a great many flve miles from Charleston, and being only about seventy feet higher in ele vation it enjoys about the same cUmst* tic conditions. The mean annual oil-, mate of Charleston is nearly the same as the upper stations of peylon and is warmer than the portions of Japan where the tea gardens are located. The tea leaf raised in Japan is better adopted for the manufacture of green teas and Ceylon and India are remark able lor growing large crops of strong tea.'. Many of these teas - are not en joyed in this country, and the more delicate, lighter leaves,* sdeh as are grown in PTnehurst, are preferred to thoee Imported^ Many of the Japanese teas are prepared for the market in the most artistic manner aud the pro cess of curing is conducted with the greatest care. Some verities of the teas possess peculiar and delicate flavors and considerable skill is -re quired in curing and packing tbe leaves sc us Lot to destroy or lose the I flavcrr - The Japanese are noted for neatness and artistic skiM in prepar ing these teas for the markets, aud probably us much depends upon this skilled labor as upon the plants them selves. At iMnohurst the delicate, highly flavored and expensive teas that are desultory fashion for a years in various parts of the South,. . .u-, _ a , ud some of them may lie seen haidp^ullarlT adapted to tbe needs of thd wild to-day in the overgrown gardens [Apierican market r4is< of the white planters; where a iitifo l tea is raised in a rude and ignorant manner. Some Southern planters im ported tea plants long before the war, and their efforts to introduce the new crop were paralyzed by the war. Tbs impoverished planters neglected the gardens, afterward, but the tea plantr flourished in a way. yielding crops of doubtful quality. One of there early tea gardens were planted in 1m>o by a Mr. Smith was Fayetteville, N. C., aud for a lime it flourished. A recent visit to the place showed the neglect into which the tea plants have fallen, though good tea is still made on the place by the widow of the original planter. For over twenty-five years the plants have had to struggle for ex istence among briers, wild shrubs and pines, but they have heid their own so oravely that they are the most con spicuous growths ii. ttie garden. The plants are now really young trees, and they produce annually a crop of tea that has been pronounced worth fully 11 a pound by the cargo. One would never suspect the presence of a tea r garden In such- a neglected place, and t is necessary to push one’s way through brambles, bushes aud young trees to reach the garden proper. This is an illustration of hdw tea has Orun grown in the South. When Gen. LeDuc was made com missioner of agriculture in 187H he be came interested in the private experi ments of tea culture; and after studying the question he started public ex periments with the plants In the hope of Introducing a new crop for farmers in the South. Ho went out of office before he could complete the exjieri- monts, and the tea gardens which he caused to be planted at Summerville, S. C., were abandoned to grow up in wild thlckots. After this individuals again made experiments, aud in 1HPJ some tea was raised, cured and sold at a protit. The tirst crop amounted to a trifle less than l.'K) pounds and judges pronounced it of high quality. The successful exneriments were carried on by Dr. Charles U. Shepard. At his place, Pioehurst, he has six tea K dens, of an acre each,' which have n planted with choice tea seed ob tained from various quarters. After beginning bis experiments be bought a part of the great Nuvlugton planta tion and leased the tea gardens at Summerville, where the government experiments vAire made, with the privilege of removing the trees and plants if he desired. He also set ured new choice seed from abroad and started a small nursery of tea plants. The seeds were obtained from Chiua, Japan and elsewhere, and wore plant ed upon different soils and with dif ferent exposures. Experiments with voung plants from the nursery are Iwing conducted by him in this way to-dav. Gardens covering full ten more acres are in course of prepara tion now, with seed* HrtmgM- -from-f **s w4*en4 never have alone been ised. The Assam hybrids have been planted chiefly, although experiments are being made with the seeds of many other kimls. Originally all tea plants came from those growing in Assam, and the many changes that have since occurred in the nature of the plants bare been brought about by a thousand years of cultivation in other parts of the world. The two ex tremes of the plants are to be seen in tho true Assam and the Chinese stunted tea growths. Th« latter rare ly grow mure than three feet in height, with leaves three inches long and one inch wide. They yield annually three or four crops. The vigorous Assam E tacts, on LbQ. countrary, attain a eight of thirty and thirty flve feet in the moist jungles when not pruned.J and bavq leaves seven and eight' inch.es long and three inches broad. They often y ield twenty-live crNps of young leaves in one season. In the cultivated and pruned state the^e plants arc enormous compared with the stunted Chinese growths. In China the plants have deteriorated from neglect or'dtarvution, while-the climate has had much to do in re ducing their size and productiveness. At I'ineburst the Chinese varities have been greatly improved by cul tivation, and they have produced bet ter tea than in China. The true Assam is bard to cultivate outside of a small part of Hritish India. Be tween these two extremes of tbe tea plants there are many varieties that have been produced by hybridization and these so-called Assam hybrids represent every modification of the two parent stocks. Many of them are considered an improvement over tho true Assam variety, and some of them are Cultivated in all parte of tho tea growing world. They represent the broad and narrow leaf and gradual modifications between the two. if two gardens are close together the varieties are apt to run together'and K rform hybridization of themselves. order to obtain true plants it is necessary to get seed that has been separated from all other varieties of tea plants. By raising plants from cuttings tbe dlffl ultv is settled In the easiest way, and this is a favorite mannur of starting new gardens. manufactured and the products come back to us with two freights and big profits added. Just so with our man ganese and ochre and lumber and bides and most of our cotton and wool. We have got to manufacture our own materials or we will never catch ui>. But we are making good progress in iron and cotton and maybe the other plants will come along in time. 1 learn thatrHO per cent, of that alumin ium clay is watted and thrown away in tho process of reduction. Just tbihk what a saving of freight there would be if we oould reduce the metal at the mines. We would soon be the richest people on the earth if we could manufacture our own materials. The labor is here, but it is idle. Our boys are willing but they can’t And employ ment. ' it is astonishing how rapidly wealth increases when labor is rewarded. Look at a ruined State like Georgia was In and uow see what thirty years have done. Loot at the ex posi tion that has been planted with the money from one city and is now the wonder of the nation. Where does all this mbb«y come frothy Verily, it looks like Aladin’s lamp has come down to us—-and yet almost everybody is complaining of hard times. I’ve been reading Josephus again and I don’t understand how Sol omon got all his money, for David was at war with somebody most ail his life. Josephus says that silver was as plen tiful la Jerusalem as the stones in tbe street. The temple was overlaid with old and cost millions of dollars, erod sent a little present of ton mil- Bill ARP AT THE EXPOSITION. UK HAW TIIK WILD WKST MHOW He Gets to Talking About Money— In the Olden Times Gold and nil. ver Were Plentiful. 1 witnessed tbe street pageant of Buf falo Bill’s “ Wild West’ 1 Mow. 1 sup pose there were jU,UUU people who did the same thing. That much was tree, and quite enough for me. Somehow have, lost my appetite for circuses and other spectacular amusements. The Geylon and the Himalayas ami other tea sections of the Orient. The tea trom the old government plants proved of excellent quality, hut his chief hooes are based upon the plants raised from his own selected seed The North Carolina experiment station at Kalei^h has since made expert ments with the tea plants. At Old Point Comfort and on the Delaware and Maryland peninsula the hard wiaters have injured the plants to^ such an extent that it does not pay u/| cultivate them for the market crop but in the piney woods country south of Raleigh the climate and soil appear to be eminently adapted to the culture of toa. Tbe actual results and possibilities of tea culture in the South have been summarized by Dr. Shepard, who says that the plants cun lie grown suc cessfully here, either from seed or cuttings. His crop of IIMG, under high cultivation, proved equal to any of the Indian gardens. Owing to the cheapness of Asiatic labor employed in picking the tea, the cheap grad^K cannot be grown successfully in tbe United States, but tbe higher grades, which are obtained only from the young leaves, can he cultivated satis factorily. The first crop of tea picked at Plnehurst was of the Assam hybrid leaf, aud this is well adapted to the manufacture of black tea. The Chi nese and Japanese plants in Dr. Shepard’s gardens are about to yield a crop and efforts wifi be made to pro duce from them green and oolong teas similar to those imported. He says that the gardens are too young yet for him to make positive statements as to The question of profils in growing tea. but be thinks that the substitution of machinery for hand-work in picking and curing tbe leaf will make it pos sible to compete successfully with the cheap labor of the East. The outlook for successful tea culture in the South is now good, he thinks. The chief drawback is that a large expenditure it required to get the gardens into paying order. The cost and skill of Southern labor are important factors that will largely determine the result of the new enterprise So far the experimedts show that the leaf grown ’in the Carolinas is better for black than for green tea. The cost of picking with Southern labor is about 25 cents per pound of cured tea, but when done on a large scale and with recent improvements, this oost ought to be greatly reduced. American ingenuity will probably .pupply cheaper and better methods of picking and curing the tea should tbe crop prove a commercial success, and Mr. Jackson, who had charge of the Summerville plantation under Gen. LeDuc and who is an expert tea- grower from Assam, thinks that he can make tea more cheaply with the negro laborers of the South than with coolie labor in India The former, while getting higher wages, work longer, faster and are to be relied upon better than ooolie labor. Plnehurst is situated about twenty- could help it; but now 1 prpfer to see things that provoke thought instead of smiles. The wonders of the exhi bits in the exposition, the progress of mankind in tbe|arts and sciences, lilt the mind with pleasant contompiattion. When the telegraph wires tirst reach]) odour town we felt sure tnat there was nothing else to inventor discover, that nothing more was needed. Hut so many wonderful and useful things have piled up on us since, that now we live in a state 'vt expectancy. What will Come next ? V When I was a Uiy we studie.J a phil osophy which saiu that the load must be near the power, and there was a picture of a horse trying to pull a bag of sand by a rope that was 100 yards long-and he couldn’t move it. * Now we read that the power from the elec tric plant at Niagara is soon to puli all the taiats on the great Erie canal, and Ihe^tousands ot horses and mules are to be discharged from their monot onous service. More lhau this—we read that this same power is soon to supercede all other powers in loading and unloading the vessels in Now York harbor, if this power can reach New York from Niagara, why cot reach across tho continent r How long be fore all our railway trains will be moved by it ? There is sufficient’ wa ter power right here near Cartercvilie to operate a plant that would move ail the wheels in Georgia. Tne children now at .school will live to laugh at the simplicity auu stupidity ot their fa thers and grandfathers just as I now smile at the recollection of the tune when my father ktpt a flint and steel ■and a piece of punk in a liUta tin box and would strike a spark aud light a candle when be wanted a light in the night. It is (unny to think of the time^whan there were no matches. What would these cigarette boys do without matches ? " ' Every decade_brings cheaper moth od^ and more-comiorts. The old rule that Adam Smith taught us in his “ Wealth of Nations ” was that provj- deuoe had wisely ordained that the la\| vania. The three clem— were: The Cavalier, the Scotch-Irich and the Dutch. The Dutch element predo minates in Kbinehart. The Cavalier and Scotch-irlah in all the othsr parts of the county. s '. f V The county is well watered—having the Saluda river for its northern boun dary and Little Saluda, with its tribu taries, drains nearly the w‘ Some snsall tributaries of "life fcjJimo are found on Its pastern’elope. -The soil is productive and yields neatly everything that ministers to human wants and secewlties. ->;• Tbe hills bordering the Saluda are famed for cotton and the bottom lands yield corn and oate in profusion. The lands re moved from the streams are cultivated by a thrifty .•lass of white people and the laud is made to produce every thing that grows in a semi-tropical country. Corn, small grain, cotton, the different kinds of cane, and many varieties of fruits. The finest portion Uftlnr oeleoraud ttldge country is in cluded in our county. The correspon dent of the News and Courier pro nounced it the garden spot oi the U nited States. And best of all, besides its law-abiding, thrifty people, it is lions of drachmae to Ciesar. Hyrcanus sent leu thousand talents of gold. The Pharaohs built the pyramids for their own tombs and cue of these took 1<I0,0U0 men thirty-sdvomyears to com- -ilete it and It cost live hundred mil- ions of dollars and is not worth a cent to anybody. Tne Aztecs of Mox’co built some just as large., The ruins •f them are still there and historians say they had idols on their tops that were thirty feet high and made of solid gold. Tnere is u cathedral now in the city of M-xico that uost sixty mllliont of dollars. What a vast amount of money has been made from the beginning down u, the present time. Mankind began early to hunt for gold, for Muses says in the second chapter of Genesis that the gold of that land around Eden was good, and I reckon>old Adam dug for it and imHded it aud jingled it in his pocket He never wore tig leaves long.' John Knox, in his Geneva edition of the Hible, an edition that lasted fifty years and was very popular, says that Adam and Eve. when they knew that they were -naked, made for them selvesbreeches." and »o, of course, they had |Mx:kets to carry their money in. old Mother Eve wore breeches then, and her offspring, the new woman, got her fashion right straight from tho garden of Eden. What will Dr. Hawthorne say about that? -Hut silver came along in duo time. Abraham bought the cave of Macpfo- lah and paid 400 shekels of silver cur rent piouey with tbe merchant, it was- not coined, for he weighod-it. I reckon it was-granulated like wo used to Huy .gold half a centuty ago. My father was a merchant, aud bought All who seek a good home will.be wel corned with open arms. W There is a railroad graded through the new county, running from New berry Court Home to Augusta, except about six miles from Herbert’s Ferry to Crouch’s^ It runs nearly througu the pentre from northeast to south west. ‘It belongs, to the-Three C’s R. f oi t This is a great comoany, with Us lines running from-the Ohio river through the coal regions of Kentucky, West Virginia. Tennessee and North Caro- Itna to Charleston and Augusta. Al ready seven and one half millions of dollars have been expended. It is now running this side of the moun tains. it will take the same amount to complete the road and its branches. Our people may rest assured that this money will not be lost and r no railroad. If this company does not tinish it, then it will run from Newberry to Augusta anyway. Tho Newberry and Laurens line tried ten years ago to get this line, but tho Throe C’s objected. They would have built it immediately.^ But our time is coming in the near future. The word Saluda, in the musical language of the Cherokees, means the river of corn—a very appropriate name. A tribe, called, the Saluda, lived on the plantation uow owned by Gen. Hagood. Our county then was the hunting grounds of the Cherokees. THF. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. and one-fourth of tlbn, tbe assessed perty, according to >,<wo out of a.total of tra its white popula- value of its pro- the oensut of 1 was •5 t 2UO,UOO l 000,000.000 for the entire country Or 44 per cent." .> ■ f HOW THIS HOt T TH WAH KKTARDKD This graphic picture of the cotton Industry in the South before itih war was then contrasted with the situation which followed immediately after the close of that struggle, * Said he ; “ But when tbe war ended the two sections had been widely separated. One swept by destruction bad been thrown back in its career half a cen tury, while the other had been mar velously stimulated and pushed for ward half a century as compared with the positions of the two sections in IHttO, thus creating a great gulf of 100 years between them. .Tbe New Eng land man who seeks to understand the South mustj^pok at it in this light. He OQDkt sdjrlh&t It Is hot simply a case where‘ one section stood still for a quarter oJ a century as a result of the most disastrous war in the world’s history, judged financially, and by its immediate effect, and the other section its taw-aoiaing, tnnity people, it is hue uwuor sechiuu filled with churches and school houseaj a ‘* TttDce< * leaps and bounds. The COTTON At ILLS IN THE SOUTH. The Home of the Plant Should Be i he Home of the Factory. Perhaps tbe aaost important paper read before the New England manu facturers' association at its recent ineeting in Atlanta was prepared by Mr. Richard H. Edmonds, of Balt 1 - more, Md., editor of the Manufactur er's itecord. Mr. Edmonds reviewed the growth of tho cotton industry in the South and proved by facts and figures that tbe war between the ... ,, , ~--*.States had thrown the South behind a great deal of line gold from the England by more than a hundred In i miners, and most of it was in goose quills. The quill was transpsrent and had a little wooden stopper, and a good large one held about $10 worth. Josephus says that in his day gold and silver were coined and stamped. It was roughly done. I reckon, for I have a coin that is 1 .'i0o years old. and it has Constantine on one side and two itoman Motors on the other: and it is a rough job. Aluminium would make a lieautiful coin, and with the govern- meut stamp would be a handier coin than silver, for it is not half so heavy. It'is the Htamf) that fixes tho value. Iron and cop pea were used hy the Greek)- and Homans just as we use nickle now. What a rumpus this question of currency has raised, and it came upon us this time so sudden and unexpect ed. WUpre all the gold iy ; 1 don't , for I BCver see any’ bf il. No- body but the hankers and the United States treasury have anjupse for It,’ or anything to do with it. It travels back and fortli across the water in Hags and boxes and settles the balances of trade with t^he hanks and the mot- chant, princes, amt - that is what it is for. I-reckon. I haven't seen but one piece in two years, and that wasn’t mine. What good-it is doing locked up in vaults I don't know, butj rpck-in it is all right. Pope said ‘whatever Is is right, and so t don't worry. We still live and arc rflitof jail, and there is peace and harmony in the house hold—anil that is a bigger thing than gold or silver. Bill Ari\ SALIH)A COUNTY. years, in spite of this misfortune the South would yet become the great manufacturing center of the future. He argued that the proper place for tbe cotton mill was in the home of the cotton plant. Mr. Edmonds was frequently in terrupted with applause as he pro ceeded. Tbe following is a brief synopsis of this able paper: As the South built its fl -st cotton mill about tbe same year in wbicb Samuel Slater laid the foundation 4>f Now England's textile industry, it may be of interest to briefly look into tbe reasons why the former section until recently failed to develop its cotton manufactures excfcpt to a limited ex tent,while the latter was making such great progress. This is essential to a right understanding of the conditions [ire.-ailing at present—i» Facts ami Incidents Connected 'With i he Territory From Which the New Con m y Was Formed. (-Saluda-Sentinel j Thi; territory outof which our county was formed once constituted a'jff&rt of Ninoty-Six District. WhenMirst formed it was called Colleton .County, bqt was aflerwand named Ninety-Six. On MarctulJ, 1785, before the adoption of the.Coflstitution, the Legislature of the Independent State fff South Caro lina ordered that the Ninety-Six Dis trict be divided into six districts, namely; Edgefield, Abbeville, New berry, Laurens, Spartanburg and Union. The lines were all well defined by this act except tbe northwestern, which was said to be bounded by - the Cherokee -claims. We suppose that must have been the present counties of J from 1*40 to J MU, during which pi Anderson, Oconee, Pickens and Grefen-LoverprWuctiotl and-ethecsuaigCT forced bur of one man would easily, support eight persons, meaning himself and wife and six children. Hut he wasentJ counting on shoes^for the boys andi $10 hats and balloons sleeves for the irirls and a college education for both. The labor of the average man will not support eight persons uow, for not- 'withstanding the cheapness of things our wants are increased ten fold. Stephen Girard sai<£ ,that the way to get rich was to buy nothing that you are not obliged to have, but ww reverse tbe maxim and buy too many things we are not obliged to have. While ia tha exposition I did want to buy a lot of those beautiful alumin ium wares 'or my wife, for she does love pretty things and fine things, but I dident bare the money. 1 let her look at them and only bought her a pep per box. Now, that reminds me of our trouble in tae South. That alumin ium clay is ail aboatjn our hills and is being mined and shipped every day to Pittsburg and there it is reduoed and suctions and will provide an answer to the oftrepeated question :. If the South has the great advantages for cotton manufacturing claimed for B, why has it dot fully developed this industry before this? The spinning and weav ng of co ton for domestic use, or as It was called in olden times, the making of ‘homespun’* goods, was almost Universal throughout the South.” * ..in this connection Mr. Edmonds ex plained that in addition to cotton tbe South wasVinterosted, ip all 'ims of industrial development, lier progress was equally as rapid as that of New England. Washington’s father was a miner and was interested in the mat ter of iron furnaces. Jefferson was also engaged in the same industry. UKKORE THK WAR. Refeyring to the cultivation of cot ton and tlie market for that staple before the war. Mr. Edmonds said “In 1801 the average New York price for c5ttoa for the year was 44 cents, and for forty years, from 1800 to 1830, the New York pi ires ranged from that figure to 13 rents, and for 4 the whole perioi ave. aged over 17 Cents a pound. With such profits as these prices yielded, it would have- J)een contrary to ail economic history if the South had failed to concentrate all its energy upon the extension of cotton production. It could not be expected that men should fail to grasp such money-making opportunities as cotton growing presented for at least two generations, or from 1800 to 1880, with the single exception of the decade from 1840 to 1851), during which period ville. These counties were not actually surveyed until 18U2,. when, all the dis trict government wont into Operatidh. Cambridge was the capital of tbe whole Ninety-Six district. The town was in a rich, agricultural country. It con taitod a population of 2,500. After 1*02, this town soon disappeared and pnothing now marks tho old historic spot, but \e old star fort.' Tne act c-oating the counties ordered that one quarter mile above the Island Ford suould be the corner of four of the prices to the lowest Ten-year average on record. It is interesting to follow the market turn which this decline in profits on cotton gave to industrial a I pursuits, awakening into new^ life the - i long dormant industrial capabilities of the people of the South. In 1850 the South had 2,3715 miles of railroad and the New England and Middle States 4,708 miles : ■ by 1800*'the South had increased, its mileage to 0,807 miles, quadru . . pUng the New England and Middle States that of 1850, while counties : Edgefield, Newberry, Abbe- j bad increased to 0 510, or a gain of ville and Idiuifens. The surveyors measured one quarter milo above Is land Ford Ferry, which was one half mile above the ford. It is one quarter mile below the ferry at the upper end of the Island. The true earner of the oountijia is at island Ford Ferry. Edgefield has really a portico of Abbeville, and Newberry a portion of Laurens. A mao by the name of Anderson made tbe first survey of Edgetteld County. We once came across the map of this survey and found it more nearly correct than any survey we ever saw of Edgefield County. South Carolina was not settled from the coast like most of the other colonies. All the rich coast region was settled direct from Europe. The long stretch of pine barren from tbe foot hills of the mountains to near the coast was forbidding. Our section was settled from Virginia and Fennsyl- only about 100 per cent. In 1850 the mileage of the two Northern sections exceeded that of the South by 2,403 miles. By 1800 the conditions were reversed, and the South led by 387 miles. In that decade the South spent $220,000,000 upon the extension of its railroad system, nearly all of it haying been local capital. During this period tbe South doubled its capital and out- put.of flour, sawed and planed lumber, iron founding, steam engine building,, etc., and in 1800 bad $12,000,000 in vested in cotton mills> Nearly ali'of its factories of all kinds were moderate in size, but in number tbby aggregate 24.500, and tbeir capital was $175,100,- 000. But this is a digression. “The wonderful prosperity which cotton production brought about finds an apt illustration in the simple state ment that though the Sooth bad only one-third of tbe country’s population property, tbe ambitions, the hopes, tbe labor system of a whole section were swept away and in the destruc tion went hundreds of thousands of its ablest and most energetic men. it is only that this section may be studied in the light of these facts that they are mentioned. What this section has accomplished has been worked out under these disadvantages, and under- standing this it is possible to better understand and appreciate the future of the cotton manufacturing interests of a region whose mills are already consuming I.OOOJMX) bales a year against 2,000,000 bales for the remain der of the country: Our New England Mead* caa ia this light mm-e dearly study the forces uow at work for South ern upbuilding and decide whether to join their Southern competitors on their own ground and secure the same advantages which they enjoy nr dis regarded their competition. Person ally, 1 am firmly |i€tsuaded that New England ,will find it profitable to take an active, part in tbe development of the. South’s cotton mill interests and thus j;eap some ofAhe profits. This section -offers to New England the same opportunity which tbe world has afforded to Great Britain, a field for the employment of its surplus capital aud energy to the profit of all parties interested. I have been informed by one of the leading cotton manu facturers of New England that at least 20U0.U00 new spindles must annually be added to tbe mills of. that section to offset the depreciation from wear and tear. This has not been done. I believe, in recent years. REVIVAL OF THE ('OTTON INIH STKY, “At the present time the South is building about 100 new mills, which, with enlargements now being made to existing plants, will need for equip ment over 800,000 spindles. At the risk of wearying you with statistics, it be comes necessary to present some figures to show the actuti progress which the South has made in this industry. The census of 1880 reported that there were in the South ISO cotton mi’ls with an aggregi te capital amounting to $21, 970,000, and having 667,000 spindles By 1890 this had nearly trebled, and we had 254 mills. $01,124,000 of capital and 1,712.000 spindles. Noone would have dared in 1890 though to predict that the figures of that year would treble in another decade, but this we can now see will be done. Five years have passed and tbe South has in mills now in operation and those which will be at work within sixty days 3,000.000 spin dles. Add to this number *00,000 for mills under construction and by the end of the chi rent crop year this section would have 3,8U0,6UU spindles in opera tion. It will then only require an aver age increase of .300,001; spindles a year to give th3 South n total of 5,000,000 spindles by 1900. it is now safe to pre dict a much larger number than that. ADVANTAGES OF THE SOUTH. Referring to tbe special • affvantagi-s offered by the South for the operation of cotton mills, Mr. Edmonds said : “Probably the most important'con sidcration in the cstim tttou of mill men is the labor. Tae South has au abun dant supply of the very best help from which to secure mill operatives. An investigation on this point will con vince tbe most skeptical. A New Eng land mill owner lately stated that, to say that New Englanu mill, help was in any way superior to Southern, was sim ply to say that the lower classes of for eigners are superior to the native An glo-Saxon Americans. Half a ceutury ago New England mills were operated by native Americans—daughters of the small farmers in the neighborhood of the mills; but ibe incoming of French Canadians and others drove the Amer ican girls out of the mills. There i& no danger o( this in the South, st least for many years to come. The supply of possible operatives, eager for the op portunity to earn a living by working in cotton mills, is today sufficient to equip three or four times as many millsj we hare, provided these mills are" not clustered too closely in any one lo cality. The increase in the help sup- p>y will be almoet as great as tbe in crease hi mills for many years. These people are capable of acquiring thq hignest skill required in cotton manu facturing : they are docile, not .given to strikes, and as a class are anxious to finu worn and willing to accept much lower wages than Northern operatives are compelled to have in order to live. On t iis point it must be remembered that nature has made it possible to live have been sufficiently large to turn tbe attention of this entire section very largely to this industry. The ablest financiers in the South, the most con servative bankers, the general mer chants and the farmers are all now in vesting freely in cotton mills. The 3,000,000 spindles the South now has in operation is scarcely 4 per cent, of the number of spindles in the world—latest reports giving tbe total as 85.000,000, although the South produces over f it cent, of the world’s ooiton crop. here are abundant reasons, easily, un derstood by any man who will take the time to investigate, why the South was unable after the disastrous losses of the war to take up industrial pursuits until about 1880. It is mainly during the last five years that the greatest progress has been made, and every year is add ing increased momentum to this move ment.” a corresponding prioe. seed the THE FUTURE.DF..THE. SOU.TH. , O' • • r- * Looking to Central and South America and to Asia and Japan, by the cutting of the Nicaragua canal, for a market for American cotton goods, the South’s position is impregnable. It has every possible advantage that can be asked for the production of cotton goods at the lowest possible cost. Its advan tages for distribution are but little in ferior to those of tbe North, and what ever disadvantages it has in this way will be eUmidated under the general progress which is being made. No one can possibly any longer question the South’s future position in the cotton manufacturing world. The rapid de-|to velopment 'of the textile industry in the | an South does not necessarily involve its decrease in New England or Great Brit ain. Even should' these hold their present business and continue to oper ate as many spindles as they do today, tbe natural increase whicn the ever growing demands of the world require must be met by tbe South, it is possi ble that China and Japan may become factors in this industry, but if they do the reduced cost at which they will produce goods will simply be an addi tional force to drive the-capital in New P^oglandand British mills to the South as the only place which can hope to meet competition from mills in Japan aud Ghimt. provided this industry should develop largejj in those coun- t-ics. *• “The South's position is safe. -Itf is only a question as to whether the ndjll owners of other sections shall leave the South to develop this industry with its own capital and by its own labor, or join in tbe work and thus secure a part of the profits and all sections Hfe mu tually benefited by an interchange of investment^,” in the South at a very much lower cost , Aimself whether a ^^ffsrjvould than inthoNorth becaueeof tholower ^ reasonable or pratable folium cost of fuel and ciothee, the cheapness [fwit.i which food can be produced, and the abundance^and ch^hnimiess of build ing materials. These are permanent advantages; no possible Change of con ditions can alter them. They. forever guarant- e a lower 1 labor cost in the Sbuth than elsejvberaiv * t MILLS SHOULD BE LOCATED HERE. Mr. Edmonds insisted that by nat ural selection the South was the proper location for cotton mills. Said he, in closing : “Everywhere manufacturing is tend ing to the source of raw material,provi ded the facilities for production can be secured. In Mrmer years the profits i manufacturing were sufficiently iargi to justify the transportation of raw ma terial. New England could haul its cotton a thousand hiiles, and its coal almost an equal distance and find a profitable market for the production of its goods. Great Britain could import its cotton from America, operate its 40,000,000 spindles and market tbe pro duction of its mills tdroughont the world. But with the decreasing mar gin of profit in manufacturing, it is in cotton, as in iron, timber and other lines of Industry, necessary for the mill to seek tbe source of supply. In the fullness of time the South’s oppor tunity has come. Its own people have Aunonstrated their unusual ability in cotton, manufacturing. The profits in this industry throughout the South THK FARMER AND THE OIL MILL The Relative Value of Colton Seed anti Cotton Seed Meal. The Director of the Georgia Experi- meutal Station contributes the fo low- ing article to tbe Atlanta Constitution, and farmers would do well to study the facts and figures given : There'is no doubt of the fact that tbe advent of the cotton oil mill has been of considerable benefit to farmers in enhancing the market value of cot ton seed. At times there has been » disposition on ’hpunnrt of some of tht mills to squeezeAhe farmer, as well as the seeds, in the terms they offer. It is well, therefore,' for the farmer to understand the actual and reta^ve commercial values of whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal, both fot food and for fertilizing purposes. Ac cording to the best authorities the fol lowing are the fertilizing contents ol one ton each of cotton seed and cotton s ed meal, and the commercial valut of one ton of each, based on v a valua tiou of 15 cents per |>ound of available phosphoric acid and 5 cents per pound of potash J n one ton of cotton seed there are HI pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phos phoric acid, 23 pounds of potash ; tht value of one ton is $11.40; the value oi 100 pounds is 57 cents. --in one Um <4- are 142 pounds of nitrogen, 50 pound) of phosphoric acid, .*10 pounds of |x>tash: the value of one ton is $25.84: the valut of 100 pounds is $1.29. By an easy calculation we find thai one ton of cotton seed is equal in fer tilizing value to 880 pounds of cotton seed meal. This estimate takes no account of the superior mechanical condition of the meal, nor its greatei concentr.ation. which involve less laboi in hauling, mixing, etc., and greater promptness of action when applied to the soil as a Tertilizer. The'caleula- tion is based solely on the contents ol fertilizing elements in the seed ana meal respectively, as shown by manj analyses. The advantages of thh superior mechanical condition and concentration are certainly worth something to the farmer. In addition to these advantages the cotton seed meal is in better condition for feeding to milch cows mwL other cattle. Sup pose we grant that these advantages are together equivalent to 10 per cent, of the value of the meal. Then deduct 10 per cent, from 880 and vte have 880 less 88—792 pounds of meal as the ap proximate fertilizing equivalent of one ton of cotton seed. In round numbesw we will call it 8<k) pounds. Then we have 8'X) pounds of meal, equivalent to 2,009 po'ind*.-or on^ ton, of cotton seed, the exchange to be made without expense of hauling to the tarmer. It seems then quite clear that a farmer can not affo-d to exchange one ton of cotton seed for less than 800 pounds ol meal, free of the expense of hauling. With tiese simple data it shoulfi he in the power of any farmer to decide for Valuing cotton seed meal at '$20 per ton, the farmer would have a margin of $2 to cover hauling expenses when the mill man offers him 1,000 pounds of meal for one ton of seed. How far can he afford to haul one ton of seed toward the mill and 1,000 pounds of meal to his farm. We learn that some qf the mills are offering just the ex change above suggested, viz., 1,000 pounds of meal in exchange for one ton of seed,' the mill to pay railroad freight on the seed and the farmer the freight on the meal. We understand thaV the ipillg at present prefer to buy the seed for the cash and store away the meal for fu ture consideration (and higher prices) We have heard that the oil mill com bine uas adopted $7 per ton as the maximum price to be paid for seed until farther orders : and we have not heard of higher offers than 30 cents per hundred pounds, or $0 per ton But we have previously shown that for manuring purposes cotton seed are wertb 57 cents per hundred pounds, or $11.40 ppr ton. It is manifest, there fore, tnat $0, nor even $7, is a fair cash price for a ton of cotton seed. Now, if the oil mill wiK make a cor responding reduction in the price Of meal, and the farmer shall avail him self of the same at once, no barm will be done. It makes little difference how small the price offered for cotton seed if the farmer can get) tbe meal at At $6 per ton for cotton seed the farmer should not be required to pay more than $15 per ton for meal—the mill paying for haul* iting and delivery both ways. But should not the farmer receive some part of the value of the oil that is expressed from tbe seed and sold I 1 Cef'talnly we would say, unless It be e that tbe expenses of the mill ’ant, the operating expenses and the exigencies and uncertainties of tbe trade—to which should be added a fair per centage for profit in capital in vested—shall require the full value of the oil extracted and the value of the remaining by-products—the hulls and inters. We learn that one ton of seed yields tbe iollowing products : Meal .....750 pounds Oil 33 gallons or 250 pounds Hulls 078'pounds Linters. 20 pounds f The 5a gal lens of ett- at-Hrrrrrrr: :tS.61* The 078 pounds of hulls at $3 per ton 1.47 The 20 poundsof linters at3c. per 1 ' pound -i ’ 00 Total, exclusive of the meal... $7.68 If the mi’’ man g v< s the fat m *r 800 pounds of m ai fo • ■me Lou of cotton seed (only 50 ooun'fg more than the ton of seed conLi.n^) he still has mar ketable products to the amount of $7.08 it a.- the value t f the fifty pounds of meal, or about $7.30. Out of this margin of $7 30, net products of each ton of sk:-!-(1, how much will be required mill expenses, interest, wear tear, profit on capital, etc. ? We are nut prepared to say, but it seems a good wide margin, and tba^the farmer should have at least the value of 400 p >un Is of meal, or say $3 worth, which would leave $4.30 per ton to the mill out of which to pay the above recited charges This would be rquiva'ent to a 1/aeio of cx^Lauge o.‘ 1,2^0 pounds of im al for 2.0oo pouuds of seed, freights to he paid both ways by the farmer. We may tie in error, but think not. If in error, let the mill men point it out. . . —As good a dentrifice as one can get, end one aithin the reach of all. is Mm non sa t. The teeth should be i't gularly cleaned once a day by rubbing t'rt-m lengthwise, or up and Iotp and crosswise, with a soft, damp cloth dipped in fine table-salt. Th $ -etulily removes stains or diseo'ora- touslrom the teeth, imparts a fin y ~vou, ui.Lant polish, and renders me gums tiim and pink, as well as helps to iwepten the breath. — Sh f .—“ No, Ned, it wou dn t he jut!ieio'M for ns to many untill after you l ave had your salary increased.” He (nleadinglyj—“ But two can live cheaper than one, you know, Nellie. She—' Yes, I know, that's what pro ;>le say. As a matter of fact, they have to.” Headache Destroys Health Re.Milting in poor memory. Irritability, ner- ▼ousness and Intellectual exhaustion. U induces other forms of.disease, such as opt- lepsy, heart dlseu-e, apoplexy, Insanity,etc. Dr. Miles’ Nervine Cures. Mr.,. Cbas. A. Myors, 21)1 ILtuuu M., iai( |« Wayne, hid., writes Oct. 7. lfM4: “l sut/ens. te rll.ly with severe headacjies, (tazxlmsv V: and qervoosi ess, gradually ^rt>w- In - v >rve until my lif* 'Was de-nrured «•* jmd try what we would. I found no relief until I commenced using Dr. Miles’ Nervine. ( have taken live laittles and ladieve 1 am a well Woman.’and I have t )4ten great com fort In recommending all of my friends to uso Nervine. Yon may pu dish this letter If you wish, and I hope it m: y t>e lb.- means of saving Mime other sick mother’s life, as It did mine." * _ * -On sale by all drueKistx. Hook on Heart aud Nerves sent KUF.E. Dr. Miles Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind. Dr. Miles’ Remedies Restore HetltR. We Desire To introduce our furnltus^ business | into every community in the South ern States, and in order to do so in the quickest time, have concluded to make some very liberal offers in bed room suites to secure at ibast one customer at every post olttee In the next, rtu days. Please ntadlhla advertisement carefully and send at' oneo for one of our H!»eeial otfers. Our great offer No. 1 consists of one Solid Oak Hedroom suite with largo dresser with 311x24 bevel mirror, one liirge Washstand, with double door and draVver, one rt-foot Bedstead full ,vidth. This Duite of furniture is forth in any furnltwre|Btore not less han $2f>. Do not think for once that Ith* a little cheap suite, for We assure you it is not. but a large, fuli-sixe ■ suite equal toanythingon the market.| In order to start the sale of these suites and to keep our men busy and introduce ourbuslness in your neigh | borhood. we agree to ship one sul only to each shipping point in the South for $15, when the cash come with the order. This advertise men will possibly appear twiceTn this pa per. therefore If you are Interest^, cut this out and send with $15and the suite will be shipped to you. If It is not Just as represented you may re-3 turn the suite at Our expense antd your $15 will be refunded to you. Ourjl catalogue containing many lllustra-J tions of rare bargains and he nishiuggoods will t on application. The pulte above deseribedjls a spec- ] ial Itargainand does not appear in tfa muae fur be sent tcjyouui catalogue, therefore it Is useless u» write for illustrations ol this suite, and while you are delaying writlii ilse may get the bargain. . We assure you that we will not shif but one suite' In your neighborhn some one else ma We a but on at this _ neighborhood price will go to at least $ao. igni price. AfteronesuifehasMenl shipped in the neighborhood the I L. F. PADGETT- 84« BROAD 8T„ AUGUSTA, GA. Tbere’s No U?* Tilkio; AUGUSTA LUMBER OO.. DOORS, SASH, BLINDS, LUMBER. Ac. Augusta. Ga. when actions speak louder thaa words. But wc will say a word or two just ask you to give us a trial order—and then our buslneee methods and the quality of our goods will argue more emphati cally for us. ^ H