Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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. 1 DNfi THE STAT1 m THE FARMERS. „ for the purrose of inttiiencing the mem- ■DKrAKTWENT Ot AOIU- of ^ - “ VHAX T**! __ cxfBtpkm ts i*oino An Interview with Coinn»lMlo»cr nu| What Hi U»y» About the Heceut A War Upon Hie Department. flfnjmt'w Nf*» Mtil <3«imr.> Columbia, January 18.—Colonel A. P. • Butler has been the commiflooner of •griciktair© o! bouth Carolina ever since hia^depart meut began its work, seven yeAlBago. Ho is thoroughly devoted to iff and, o! couh*?, knows all its dehiiTs and shares all it# asinniUons. In view of tho confusion which exists in the j)ul>- . lie mind as to the duties, acts and re sources of the department, and the criticisms which have been made upon its management, the News and Count, r Bureau has secured an interview with Commissioner Butler, enabling him to summarize the situation from his shind- point. The fever of \h<! “Tillman move ment'’ has alwted, and the i»eoj'ls of the btato should be able to consider twlmlj and justly the valuable work of the de partment, and give it the credit to w hich hiaeta titled. Nearly a year will elapse before the Legislature can meet again, and in the meantime there is plenty of time for discussion and u<> iKUise for “snap judgtucnUi'’ ouiuiy depai tment of | the ntatc Ci< )vermncnt. To the question,. “Ho* ha> lh<‘ Ile- partnieut of Africulture 1-een uJocksl by the attacks upon it? plied r ever, this is a matter few the Legislature to consider, and I do not care to say anything that would appear to be said body. In some sections the Legislature has been criticised for not having ‘turned this department over to the farmers.’ ,t have y< a you-to say about that?” 11 a r, ‘In mv opinion the dejvirt stronger day Ilian al any tin il^jptabluhmcut in ft ws-t to the Ixiurd and myself sun: forp the first articles agaii st nn nt apiwssred in the work wan not fully m..l. i t pe.*ld«\ toil sw wi-raal a k" what uion' tluui had Ken d<> dune pruperly to show th« duboa «>f tnt* dcjwrlmrtit an>! What “Unless 1 am very much mistaken it is now managed by the farmers. Gov ernor Richardson, Colonel Duncan apd Colonel Lfpsoomb have been fanners all theii lives, I Itelieve. Chancellor John son is one of the most extensive and cessful farmers in the rich Pee Dee sec tion of the Btate, although he is also an able lawyer, and .Mr. Perry is a mer chant, but I think vs also a largo land owner. Bo that you seethe farmers arc in u large majority on the board; I am the executive officer of the department, though not a member of the Uiard, and farming is the only occupation I have over followed. Taken altogether, then, the department is pretty well under the control of farmers. There uTanother matter that shonld not be overlooked in this connection. Colonel Duncan repre sents the Btato Agricultural Society and Colonel Lipscomb the State Grange— the two largest agricultural organizations in (ho State—and if the farmers are not satisfied with their management at any time they can easily remove them from the 1«oard.” “What is the present condition of the depur'ment?” *■*“1 think it u one of the best equipped departments in the United States, and ' capable of doing « great work (or oar , i>oople. Our fertilizer imiuecton, will i -tart oat in a few days to collect samples i of all the fertilizers otiered for wde in i iecn u:locte<l t>_v State, and the laboratory will soon blond Bauer rr *U- in f u n blast turning oof fne aiudyses fbe lalKiratory is under the charge of a One Writer .Who Thinks that Ttfere's a -■ t.mxl Time Coining for the South. * (from the Southirn CnltiTater.) It is well known to the Cultivator readers that the farmers howl and com plain of cotton being only worth from seven and a half to eight, and seven- eighth cents; they consider themselves broke and mined at those prices, when it is a blessing to theirfand to the coun try that it is no higher priced. Fifty- odd years gives one some experience about farming laid the vicissitudes that attend it. In iny long exjierienet never saw the time when cotton sold higher for a series of yours, hut it ended badly for the farmers, as it- encouraged them to increase the area of cotton planting and cnrluil the area of their provision crops and lead them into speculations and all manner of extrava gances and waste, and when over-pro duction glutted the market and cotton fell in price, it found the fanners debt, which hud to be paid by low-phi cotton. On the contrary, when cotton sold low for a series of years, tin s in need era regulated their allairs to suit oircunf- stances; it foroed them to byoonau more TIIK SOKT OF WKATHKKTMICV HAVK IN’ HI II Kill A. I.ieuti-iiaut Kc-lieiitze Tells How 1’eople Kxlst Where thy TlmrWlomeloebi F.lahty Dearees llelow Zero—Siberian Kxllee. Lieutenant W. H. Schehtze of tho navy, who was sent to the Lena Delta in Northwestern Siberia to deliver to the natives gifts from the government of the j United Sftates to repay them for tha aid they rendeml him in his search for the -missing members of the Jeannette party, sayg in his report that the town of Veroyansk, BiKria, is the coldest in habited spot in tho world. The ther mometer stood at H6 below zero when he r was there, and he says it seldom goes above 50 below. I asked him tho other day what the people did who lived at farm" this blissful spot, what they had to eat and how they liked it. “Why," he replied, “they think It man who ate thirty-six pounds in one day, and then didn’t get all he- wanted Tliey liave a way of poonding up a red berry and mixing if with butter, which ' os it a beautiful pink tint and im proves the flavor. Their drink is tho Russian Vodka, almost pure alcohol, nt is | thoroughly competent chemist, and he -u.. (^ ^ , J, r> |(lin'd to dw the I.ffirud «. rk ofl flkt ilepprtment, said to make analvsea of (•■rtili/ers, imnomls, onw, marls, waters. Ac., for our px'didc, free of etiarge. We b ivr favikxl tbn Urns vs to si ml u« ■vSHMI time U- | depart- («tluil iU bad Kxn ihsctiaii; annual rvporta of latun at every s moutldy reporto. cxinducting an e\l bat we nwuzed tr ixl. unr We Im.1 si work to tl by tlie ii know xiuld be qsirtant iw they binitted -Lcaiw tblisbud l.l.w of «iU be I'inng tl e naive e .1 a blu t. lb* we t tile fanut were Iking i .lin-i.i in tl . i 1 ! li Him to tbx after the iltXXIM ts-rt Well, matter an arttek* appxl ly aiMih-1 the mai..igt partinent, ami in web al once attru. ttxl the Deuple and tiirtitd the You will see* that tilts we wank'd, it waa tin wv dosired, ami j<a> * 1 liaudotl you a reply within four boun Count r eutitainiug tin' rnt» Columbia. . Your rvautrs with the control vrsjr that ft my i<*rt 1 can say that it »* withont the lenst persac* because iu the first place it wh what I *a tixl, and, in the mc» 1 bit tiutt the result would l» i tiou of tho dej(ailment and stpmgrr with the ptsiplt. as ill “W by do you think that thn tho rt-snlt?” “Well, .you will remember first entteban appeared during e w ring the tin of UCv. 1 was I SQIsl ork. tin Her-1 de ll it unr shrti low-priced were tioonomical '•‘Vi Qg, and every dollar they gut applied to their uehta. This may seem a strange theory, that low-prto-d'cotton bcDeflta the farmers more than high- pnoeil cotton, but cxpertenct> lias shown it to be the ease, and the reasons an> sp- C irent, when speculation acts m value (comes fictitious, and inflation goes on until the babble explodes and reaction throws all in chaos and di unmv (uitI a |(n:nc la the result, which Kings als>nt general l. r and nun, and riches based on sorb fictitiooa and fruuduh nt vain* • melt into poverty. Let us go back fifty years, when everything was muchdean-'r than it is now “coffee 2j jiounds to the dollar, sugar five and six |>otindx to the dollar, iron teu cents a pound, axe* two dollars and a b»if each, four-iiuart* r T. U-hnary surgeon of the department, is| .berUag ibirty seven and a half ernte. d“ing a gnat d«wl of go*xl by the exami- and oahooco, Anicpcau, thirty w-ven and nation of divas, d stock in rmnouslxirts ' . oenW, Imghsb fifty cents |ar yard, of the State, and prcsenUug rvmeihta] and cotton r iling at eight and ten cx-uts. for flic prvv.ntiou and slatrment <d| Going back only to It?" our far to new •limanrs among st-stk. The mervsee.11 •ud iibotbi at ninrti'en cents per yard. inU ixst in stock raising and the large amount inn 4*xl m blooded -t.-ck in *^iiith Carolina make it of tin- highest imp Ham . that every |in caution should lsi tak< tl agailixt the ciiTrad of contagi ous diseases, and Dr. Mclunea will use i very effort to the, ao-omplisLment of self-sustaining, hence tliey incruHard * n p tot tv goixl sort of climMe. ‘Horn.', tbi ir provMon crops, hvi-d more at I Hweet H..me.’ is the song all the world * home, raised their own meat and bread, lover, and if tho Veroyanskers should' n*»* ueopie. kept out of speculations, economized in r conlk Iu re they wonhi wonder wliat tw o- noW c,iI1 * every department, lance they ssv.sl I pld did where it is so infernslly hot. more money at tew-pnced cotton than | They would smother in this climate and tiiey «kd with high-pnce.1 cotton. 1 have always nutioed that debts and account* were mote promptly {Aid w iin low-1 human flesh can emlurc. The natives of priced cotton—why? because when cot Tnrra .|< l Fuego go stark naked the ton was high, sptx ulation ami extrava- rear nuiml, and in their country ft gance inereancd their indeldednews, aad iiiwooew • xery night It-i* ranch pure and they will trade their shirts for Tho liquor is acaroo and expensive, so they are necessarily a temperate people.” “How do the political exiles live, and how many are in the country?" “' great many—several in every set tlement When an exile is sent into the counter the Governor determines where he shall reside, and requires him to re port his whereabouts at frequent inter vals. They live us tho natives do, re ceive so much a year from tho govern ment for their support, and work at their trades if. they liavu them, and if they haven’t get such jobs as they can. In other provinces the exiles work iu tho mines. At Yeroyansk I saw an exile, who had been a lawyer and judge in Russia, doing carpenter work, and all the tool he bad was an&x. I took up some presents for several exiles, who had been of service to the Jeannette party, but had to obtain the permission of the Governor before 1 could deliver them. In every settlement are local officials, who look after these unfortn- the endure cold when the wmd blows?” “It is, of course, necessary to keep Oinq for a stiff northsvrterly Arctic gale. 1 £•**"** “ d ^ "T 1 * It hi wonderful the amount of cold I ^ “ I^We^th fum, am 1 even then i it is common to freeze the extremities; bat if a man know* bow to take care of . i( InttissHks will not suffer. My face and ' {* „ I lands were frozen a number of times. ’ If I bad gone to the fire to Lewis B. Jones contemplates staiting chain works at Wheeling, West Virginia. There is talk of a wire factory being started ut Chattanooga, Tenn. It ia stated that a smoking tobacco factory will bo started at Chase City, Virginia. : r A company is being formed at Galon, Alabama, it ia said, to manufacture woodenware. A stove foundry is reported to be built at Decatur, Alabama, poon. At Culpepfcr, Va., a carriage factory is to bo erected. A rich gold mine has been discovered near the Neucos Canyon, Uvalde county, Texas. _ A HL Louis firm are making arrange ments for a pipe foundry at ga, Tenn. A canning factory is about to be estab lished at Amite, La. A wagon factory ia lieing erected at Homeland, Fla., by J. D. Crum.. A stock company will soon be organ ized at Jaokaonvillo, Fla., to manufac ture moss. Near Calcra, Ala., slate has been dis covered and will soon be developed, intense | A stock company ia to be organized at Birmingham, Ala., to start a tannery, At F.ir.-ka Spring*, Ark., a tine m lisa K en developed. 1 A saw and planing mill, also a box faetory, bars been Arkauma, Negotiations are about as umcBnmr with cor. OHABOCSXX. — The Jadlaaa aagOtistr m porter failing to onlah Um oil the wfa%. drove out to the stately maneton of Kra. James Gardiner. The reporter H*e ushered into the parlors at the hospitable mansion, but we not allowed to maeta there but el lew seeonde before he woe ushered into- the -ffipc ream, whege Colonel Graboaiki i^i seetai before n oomloitabU fire. The Colonel 1 well ss s clasaiea oordial greeting extended the representative, when he informed Colonel of hie mietion, stamped him ae a man of exeeBeaft jodg* He was willing to give the people willing to give the >n that would be of interest any information that he might p< ret to them. the fertilizers thyj bay, end we I • ••• .•* glad to liave every (arm« r in the i State rvnn-mKr tliat we want tho invite- I tiou s*'oof*t. d. “l>r. H. W. Itavenel, the twitanist of . the d( ixirtm* nt, is one of the most enu- | 't( Ut sol’-Utlsts in the South. He will I make his department of groat K-oefit to J the farmers dunr- the war. "Dr. Benjamin Melntiea, Jr., the and m the la ua Delta, yet the people tkey.agi L( kit p (.unfurtaldi', and tu ol nmall|iux and srarvy than from tin effects of the lutunse cold. You seldom hear of any on* freezing to death, ami then it is tituao only who ex|«>s** them selves imprudently who die in Alia! wa More pi-ople are frozen to death In United States than in Siberia." “But how do they manage to keep the X war •Weil, in tiie first i an enduring race, *•'1 place irnepis Ami t hud X IAI j* lxI. On e •uducted bitterness, ns exactly N t»d place, viudica- mako it as done.” I has l>ven tliat the the sion in November and iJCCTOfTier, THO, and while tin' controversy w.is at its height and Ktterm s*' themeiuK-reof the board were nuanimottMly re-dcetixi and I was re-elected eomiuisMoner. The con troversy, therefore, did not lessen the confidence of tho 1/egimbturo in the management of the department. At the same setviou the economic caucus, as it was called, ap)>oiutcd a comn aloe to in vest igxtc the lU'purtmrnt.—The commit- tec submitted a report which completely refuted all the ehargts of extruvaganoe, mismauagemeul, >Vc., that hail K*cn made The fijlit was continued along m tho spring, and among other chargee mkde was that in regard to the ufiuigunt- tion and conduit of the phosphato litiga tiou. The Farmers’ Convention met and appointed a committee to investigate the matter, and the result was a thorough vindication of flic department by this body of farmers. Some people, • how ever, were not satisfied, and they con tinued the agitation, greatly to the bene fit of the department. The more they said, tho more the people became inter ested in the work, and as they became familiar with it, the more anxious they were that it should bo sustained. You will remember also that when the. agita tion began in 1885 a Benator introduced a bill to abolish the department. Before the session was over tho bill was killed on the motion of the Senator who intro duced it, and lie has recently declared in the public prints tliat he would strenu ously oppose any reorganization of the department^, There is now, so Tar as I am aware, no man in the' Btate who would advocate the abolition of : the de- jxirtment. The public are famrliar with the sffortit made at the recent session to reorganize the department and the fail ore of the bill. 1 may be mistaken as to the cause, but I think its failure wiis due to the fact that the Senate was satisfied with the management of the department and believed tliat the passage of the bill would-be considered an endorsement of the charges of inefficiency that had lieeii made against the present board and so refused to pass,it.” “How do you explain the large vote that this bill received in tlie House?" * “Easily enough. With a few ex ceptions, all of the old members of the House who had been returned were law yers They naturally objected to lead' mg the fight against the bill and none of the new mcmKrs among the farmers were familiar with our work, and, of oonne, could not explain it. For this reason no objections were made to the measure in the House and the bill went through, 1 might say, by default.” “ia there any real objection to in- the membership of the board of 1 i. tiy alia! I unity thal mlw tliat enUeism News and I |j. jg in rear Inal | ..^j r (} fm i Mant who Uo* been detail* «l “ •( i bt the United State* signal ivvioe to organize and take charge of the State went her sen ice, under the department, has entered upon hi* work with < utimsi- asui, and, as you hat e already published, lias established about forty stations that m>w receive the daily weather indica tion* 1 . and in a short while lie will hsve stall* as of olss-rvHtiou at every county- **at di South Carolina. It Is m t ueecs- sary for me to speak of the many ad- vai ♦age* which tiic weather service will give to all classes of oar people. Its K-m fits are recognized and appreciated everywhere. “.Mr. H L. Hochr, Uia ant, continues in charge of the phosphate department, and the splendid services he has aheady rendered the Btate iu getting accurate returns of rock mined and se en ring, prompt payment of royalty due the Btate is ample guarantee tliat this important interest will not be neglected. "We are now making arrangements to enlarge the monthly report, and durinj tho year it w ill contain, besides the usm matter relating to the work of the de partment, regular contributions from the chemist, the liotanist, the veterina rian, tiie signal service observer, statisti cal state menta and other matters of. in terest to the farmers. We are daily dis tributing hand-books and other publica tions to all jiarta of the country and ding evorythmg that we think will bet ter advertise our resources and advant ages. We now have on file in the office eighty-six applications for carp, and it w ill require 1,700 fish to supply the ap plicants. These will be furnished from our ponds if the number there is sufficient, and if<iot we will obtain them from the Government ponds at Wash ington. “The department will make an exhibit at the Grange encampment at Bpartan burg next summer, and in every way jKissible encourage the formation of agricultural clubs and organizations. As soon, as practicable after the time pre scribed by law has expired tho board will establish the two experimental sta tions provided for by the Legislature, and w$ expect to have them in active operation as far as possible during the the year, under the charge of a compe tent director and employees. The board will also faithfully carry out the pro visions of the law in regard to the coUec- tion of information regarding agricul fund colleges, so as to no prepared to submit the report regarding them at the next session of the Legislature. Our desire is to make the dei>artment of the greatest beneSteto tho farmers, and we are endeavoring to keep them,inform** and interested in its work, in order to secure their cordial co-operation.” *N>, they sold ti ((De-fourth ct-nts, am (jm, six and three-four! with cotton at preaeut pric* I** year, for ux slid present I** ct-nu," and the advantages are all in favor of th« consumers. But let the price of outton advance to twelve amt fifteen e*uts, everything else would ran up higher in price to the proportion to tiie pnre of cotton, * lei provimnn erepa curtailed in planting and cotton planting increased at the expectation of fifteen cents a pound, would place the farmers in a worse condition titan they are to-day. Low values are in favor of the fannens minded they farmed as they should, by raising their own food supplies in abundance for man and beast, and cot ton at six cents would pay th* in weB. Our whole system of fanuing is wrong, icuce there is such depression and hard times with the fanners, and the error is i planting two much ootton and two ttie previsions with most of the farmers their ootton crops are merely ex changed for their food supplies, and un der such s system where can any profit the Yakuts we Kirn in tliat climate. Thau they dn*«t ia fare, and liavr learned frein their ancestor* or from their o»n ripensoee bow to keep warm. I bnr booses are built uncurl'd over on the oataide amt with manure and mod. In each cabin is a large fire place, which is used for both beating and cooking. There is seldom more than one room iu these I’atent l KBos cabins, and usually the owner's cattle, if he lias .iqv, occupy »ii« end of the room iu which he lives. King Uni, or pre vented In in trampling on the tallies by s tew. fbe terns** are commonly very comfortable, but are as fully duly, anti *m* U- there is no word to duaeribe it Ufte-n, until 1 got uard to it 1 would rather lie down in the snow outside, with the thermometer 50 Klow zero, than sleep in one of these hots. But you've no idsa wliat s man can stand when he has to.” ■ — „ — — . into for erecting water works' wtjald have crooked open and given Bluff, Ark. .-* much trembte; bat by rubbing tbs fj isiirolmble that a stock oomuanv fro^m ptac. with «ow, and ^tt.ng II ^ VaTSK thawed out by fraction and gradual heat 1 to futrldiAiibaeic steel plsat I never had any trouble." • 1 —, _ , . . Pr» T Dm mwomh. i bd stea k gJU.DW). has boon organised at Bumingluun, Ala. The I.uiay Gave and Hotel Compaay, Haw lb* oaire u w*n*rr.< as.i Wterses Luray, Va., coute niplats sn*«.bag about Isvrnlloa* t ••«•*. Ajb.Ufi is • nlarging their aotet mssi tw w*v r»rt H-»>*.) A #IOO,unn stock company ia being In the matter of ingenuity the Amen- totwanlsed at Birmingham. Ala., to eateb- oan |>eople lead the world. More apph- bah • Wgw carriage and cations for patents are received ami mors The Biloxi Arte-smn of logs, patents granted at the I’aleot Office ia Company, ~p* t — 1 gtin-k #1 tOfil, d inside. this city than in any oilier two oountrvw Ks a organist ~ of Karope. Groat Britain comes neat -r* on the list France thud and German J .. . . fourth. It Was oof until 1*KJ that the ^ rganued sa a made againte yon, will me alsmt it and also tha Indiana?*' "Tha difficulty I Lad waa objection of the people of Katiaas k) m or four SLS.T "It was i altel 1 al BOuxi, Him. ahamajfathle Coospaay. oepl urnJiagl] #IU),ibju, has been ..rgsamsd pomtmcnt i ce, Ala., wtih W. J Ksrranhaa the Bmam with s oomnussteiDrr ite for the proper discharge of I IS duties. It is rather a singular fsrt that during that year only one aptdiealioa foe a |iateuit waa fiksl. Tb«i next ymf tha Dumlier increased to KM. T* in- creaac has steetlily grewn anti! in IteM 21,797 application*were fU*<d. The number of patents granted since U&M is in tonnd uumKr*, :i<>5,VN>. The appli cations for patents are regarded an a good indrx of the generml bumness pree- of the coon try. When tii come in for the fanner? Wliy uona, for M allowed to go out as'they have to all he makes to* support is consume*! in provisions support Life; all nuuto above farm consumption should be a dear profit d if we fanned in that way, tho low mce of ootton would not affect us, and f high-priced, the greater the profits, veep an eye to your cribs and barns and smoke-houses, that they are tilled from your own fields; also keep an eye to your little truck jxitches, and to your garden and poultry house, and also to your dairy, and when that is done, you will never hear of hard times on a farm thus managed; the hard times and gin- houses go together; all cotton and no jrcad and meat is the trouble; clothing of all kinds is cheap, but when you strike the grocers and provision dealers, there tho ruinous expens *s come in ifehich make fanning unprofitable. Jno. H. Dknt. Cave Spring, Ga. 4 Hurrlble Tragedy. not, bat I cen to be ver > From a gentleman who lives iu the neighborhood of Gioterborough, we learn of a most terrible, tragedy, which pocurretJ in that section of our county on Monday iitat. It sri-tus that Mr. Jo.dah Gsnntler while returning from the residence of neigbbof wax vruybdd by Mr. Geo*. II Fecks, and literally taiuKred alive. TK irjrtrenderiug rare of Mr. G. Were heard by some colored man «ho were on their wsy home from church sod hastened to kia Assistaace, when the murderer leering his bleeding victim winking la the Agnate* of deatlte ihere has teeeaalo “Have they windows in Ihctr honaee?" “Yea; ice windows. They use lee m | to risk the aoooeas of their ex; we nee glase. A clear piece ia »-dec ted, On the other hand when moacy i* fiaati- about five or six igehea thick, mortiaeu fnl H is a poor inventor who cannot find in tho window opening in blocks two aomeoue who is willing, at leata, to p>*y feet, and sometimes as Large as four feet the legal expenses anoi emry to me square, and with water ia mad* eolid. taking out of his patent U nayr be Tho water is as good as putty. _ When said, an passant, if this theory of tho th*' window becomes off with a knife, and scraped thin, they suKtitute a new I porous condition, inasmuch ss tho nuai- pane." ^ I applications for 1880 exceedmiby “Doesn’t the window ever melt?" several thousand those of any preceding “Bless you, no; it is freezingoold that year. i u far from tho fire. If the room ever got v **“*■ ' ' * * *" * u “ A #1(111,000 atemk angipaay has beam > iiMM at hhrlhy vtlle, Toma., to im- prev* laud at tit Andrew s Bay. Ha. ; A ctaupaay ia King lamed to Fart Worth, Texas, to manufacture boa and wondra bridges, with #10i),*kk) capital •tewk. 1 TLcrv ia soon to be ■* (ft coal regiuna of guua awcraTbew ouke luniaam are to be built Al Pilot Fuiat Tom paay is about to J-five barrel ruller AtUmaevitte, Fla., as ‘'IV i Vlr- ' as putty. When mid, so jwreant, if tiua theory «ho The Urg* dirty they K-rapc it |>e!t u! office officials holds good, that pKe | aB ,ber when it has been ©ountrjr was never in a more pare- the luinKr \ ■er g-t Yakut ever warm cnohgh to melt the ice the couldn’t live- in it, and would have to go out doors to cool off. At night the fire on the bourn. Last month there of lumKr shipped More patents have been granted to the . ^ or “ o—- - v-— v—l. ^ aoroeu. locality la citisons of New York any other Btal^l to her MODES OF KAKCT'TINO CKIMINALS. Doctors amt I.uwjers Discuss ttic Merits of the Hope anti the Uultlotiue. The Society of Medical Jurisprudence and Btate Medicine held ite monthly meeting last week, with Amos G. Hull is presiding officer. There waa an ani mated discussion on the question, “How Shall the Death Penalty be Inflicted?” The presiding officer said that he was not so much opposed to the present sys tem of capital punishment as he was to allowing representatives of the press to be present and publish the details of the executions in tiie columns of the daily press. He was followed by Dr. Brill, who read a reply to the committee ap pointed by the Legislature to report upon a new system of capital punishment. He considered hanging the most barbarous and inhuman method of punishment now in existence. Tho guillotine, he thought, the best instrument for inflict ing the death penalty. His opinion was concurred in by Drs. Quimby and J. C. Peters, who were both opposed to hang ing. •: . The other side of the question was then discussed by E. H. Benn and W. H. Russell, representing the legal pro fession. and Dr. Woods, formerly a sur geon in tho army, representing the medical profession. They believed that when a person deliKrately takes the life of another no form of puiusluneiit is too severe, and that the present system should not be changed. The proceedings were closed by Dr. Petal that the opinion of each member of the be obtaiaad aad oset to tha This was favorably economize in fuel. AH driftwood, gathered on the banks of the Lena River in the summer time." I “How do they sloop? Do they undress when they go to l»ed?” “Always. They strip to their shirts, which Sto ffinde of s thick sort of Rus sian cloth as heavy as our canvas. The men and women wear the same kind of garments, and never have more than one at a time. 1 took up a lot of thick flan nel for them, enough to last the reto -of their lives, and it will be a great deal more comfortable than the native stuff, although they don’t like it at tint. When they undress they get into bunks built in the aid*' of tho house—sometimes a man, his wife and all his children in the same bunk. They have reindeer skins uuder and over them, and curtains of the same hanging Kfore the bunks. The last man or woman to undrees hangs all the clothing of the rest outdoors over a pole that is kept for the purpose. ” “What is that for?” “To freeze the lice. They couldn’t live if they didn’t do it, and it has be come a national custom. The lioo get into the fur, and that is the only way to get them out. By hanging their clothes over the pole every night they can keep reasonably free from them, but the fur fills up again the next day.” - Do they ever bathe?” Neker in their lives; they haven’t any word for bathing in their language, and the impossibility of keeping clean is one of the greatest nirdships of Arctic life.” “What do they eat?” “Reindeer meat, beef—tliey have cows, queer-looking animals, alxiut hall as large as ours, with a hummock on their backs like a camel—fl/ih, broad made of black rye flour, tea, and an im ported food made of chhpped beef rolled into balls about the size of a marble, and covered with S( dpugh. These they pound up and make into soap. Then there is a wood that is very nutritious when it is ground up and boiled. Mixed with reindeer meat it makos a good soap. They often eat their fish raw. Of course tliey freeze solid ss, soon as they arc taken ont of the water, and' the native, particularly if he is on tbejuad, cuts them off in shavings, as thin ss oar chipped beef, sad tuts them raw. They are jialatahle, and I have lived for days at a time on them, with a cop of tea made over an aloobol lamp by way of variety. The greatest luxury they have ia batter, and they will eat ti by the pound sa our people eat A poor aort of butter is i :i,ooa,ouo Jacksons of ti weak * ar Btate. This is owing probably I .The foundry a* Galera, Ala., ia larger population. Upo* this I plju>« tha «tMttn#i ‘ hypothesis Pennsylvania takes the sac- pbuits King ond place, and according to the same Ala., and Goo rich, Tenn. reasoning Illinois or Ohio shonld come At Camden, Ala., B. D. Block next, bat the truth is that Masschntetta , poses to erect a factory for the a holds the third place, with niinois fourth foesure of MeT ifaai itatar* and Ohio fifth. The character^tf the application usually denotes the locality from which it proceed*. For example, applications showing the inventor .to K a man of high scientific education main ly come from New Yqrk. Massachusetts or Connecticut. Improvcmmts in oot ton and sugar machinery tko the work almost entirely of Boutliern inventors. The development of inventive genius in the Bouth has been remarkable daring the past decade. This is especially so in Georgia and Texas, the tiro most progressive States south 6l Mason and Dixon’s line. The applications from the Bouth, as recently as 1872, were only a (section of those filed from the North. About 1875 a change was noted, and the increase since then has been relatively as groat as that of the Northern States. . The End of a Dfmperado. , Craig Tollivar, the wont desperado in Kentucky, was found dead in a field in Rowan county Wednesday. He was the leader of the Tollivar faction, which has kept up a continual warfare with the Martin faction in the vicinity of- More- head for the last two years. The trouble began when John Martin murdered Floyd Tollivar at Morehead. Craig Tol livar heard of the murder at his home, and rode twenty-seven miles in two hours, hoping to avenge the -crime. Martin was taken to Winchester for safe keeping. A few weeks later two men claiming to lie guards presented to the jailer a forged order purporting to come irora a Rowan county magistrate, Mar tin was turned over to them. On the way back to Morehead the train was Ixiarded by four masked men, and Mar tin was taken from the guards and riddled with ballets. Tollivar was arrested, but the crime oonld not be fastened on him. This started the Tollivar-Martin war, and it has oontinned ever since. A dozen men have been shot down in cold blood an either side. The Btate troops have Ken camped about Morehead for vrteelu. cotton rope and woolen yam. At Birmingham, Ate.;; 1t» Edison Electric Illuminating Company baa been incorporated with a capital stock of #75,000. Capital stock to the amount of #100,- 000 has been snbecribed to irttaMish an axe and tool company at VfiiariigTitas. The Ely ton Land Company of Birm ingham, Ala., has declared dividends of 135 per cent, of its capital daring De cember, and 440 per cent, daring 1886, amounting to #080,000. An extensive porcelain factory is now in operation in New Orleans, La., under the supervision of skilled workmen from the targe factories of France, The work is as fine as any done abroad. A company lias been formed by number o! capitalists of New Orleans* with a capital of #50,000, to establish a factory for canning beef. Tha factory will be located in the pariah of tit. Bernard, La. At Birmingham, Ala., a company incorporated, with a capital stock of $250,000, to manufacture bridges, bolts, nuta, etc., Works are soon to bo built which will give employment to one ban* died andJuty hands. The American Fibre Company will soon be organized in New Orleans, with a capital stock of $250,000. It is con templated by this company to establish a rope factory and paper mill in eonoeo- lion with the decorticating machinery. - Daring the past month arrangements were concluded by capitalists from the North, with local manufacturers, to erect at Chattanooga a large drop forging lant, the largest ever erected in the uth, the cost of which will be $150,000. At Sheffield, Ala., the Sheffield and Nail Company has been arge works “Whatdo joe eo in the education of < ■ “Undoubtedly Qfc ty upon the and fre»ll bnnen of ktee and are the ones who are now distribution of Indian lands in i “Have you ever visited the agencies?” “I hare visited a number of them, i the chief men in oounoa ted weffil te eber of their L" NT? Hanng been among th«a» «tet te rr opinion upon the troublesome problem?” middle aged itdta aged [fcavtilo pi The Governor and Adjutant General capital i* $100,000. hsve attempted in vain to restore peace. The killing of Tollivar will probably end the trouble. He was killed by some of his enemies. The belled buzzard that has spoken of in the Booth fur yarn snot the other day by J. C. l^mugloD, Texas. Tha ball waa well to erect large for the purpose making cast and wrought iron piping, bolts and other articles ol iron and steeL Indian race lisa in fiveyreraolage. __ common where older 1 towwd for farmk, but ■"*'this ite attention to women of undoubti gradual i the baddteg Indians'" ,* A tit Paul: —ad shod walking t that rity wh<n SI for five cents to 1 She gave it ti> 1 <*$?! I T 1 ' »)■ v' 1 ' ' The North Alabama Beal Estate, Manufacturing and Improving Company will be incorporated in a shenrt time at Athena, Ala., with a capital of $1,008,0001 A stock company will also be cap to establish a cotton mill, with a capital of $100,000, as well as a bank with a capital of from #00,006 to #108,000. tvs iff."