The Camden chronicle. (Camden, S.C.) 1888-1981, July 18, 1941, Page PAGE SIX, Image 6
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Railroad Lands
Are Liquidated
Eight Million Acrc^i Given
Roads in Early Day#
Recovered by U. S.
WASHINGTON.?A 90 year phase
of American railroad building
steeped in frontier history was
closed as the interior department
announced the recovery of 8,000,000
acres of land originally granted to
railroads when they pushed westward
to Ihe Pacific.
Secretary Ickes approved u release
by the Northern Pacific railroad
of all claims under land gifts
of 1864 and 1870?last and largest of
the historic grants closed out under
the Transportation act of 1940.
The Northern Pacific release embraced
ubout 4,500,000 acres in
Washington, Montana, Idaho, Oregon,
North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin
and Wyoming. The land reverts
to federal ownership for administration
under the conservation
program of the interior department.
Value Not Appraised. ,
Releases previously approved by
Mr. Ickes restored to the public domain
about 2,000,000 acres in Southern
California held by the Southern
Pacific and 1,600,000 acres in Arizona
and New Mexico held by the
Atchison & Santa Fe.
The value of the lands, larger
than the states of Delaware, Rhode
Island and Connecticut combined,
has not been appraised.
. Under the Transportation act of
^040 the interior department was
"empowered to close out the land
grants and, in exchange, open the
way for the roads to be relieved of
low preferential rates on government
freight and passonger business.
The old grants were made
with a stipulation that the government
receive rutes 50 to 80 per cent
jDelow regular tariffs on certain passenger
and freight traffic.
' Started In 1850.
The land grant system was begun
py congress in 1850, with allocation
of 2,595,000 acres of the then plentiful
public lands for construction of
the Illinois Central road. The principle
grew rapidly until more than
75 grants, aggregating 158,293,000
acres, had been made. Under encouragement
of the land gifts 21,500
miles of trackage spanned the continent.
Of the original 158,293,000 acres,
the railroads actually took patents
on 110,000,000 acres.
Veterans Still Cling to
Tough Old Army Mule
FORT BLISS, TEXAS?This is a
mechanized age, and the army is
utilizing its share of machine-transportation
and power, but motor
vehicles never will knock out the
tough army mule.
That's the consensus of military
strategists at Fort Bliss, America's
largest cavalry post.
Historians at the fort who have
Jone research work on the subject,
lay the mule started with the army.
They base their prediction that the
rnule never will be entirely supplanted
by motor transportation and
power on the proved fact that the
animal is at its best in rough going.
They point out that big trucks
can't get through heavy mud, climb
trackless mountains, or go through
jungles. The mule can.
Capt. Richard E. Arnold, who is
serving his twenty-first year in thenrmy
and who now commands the
Fort Bliss mule pack train?the only
me in Amorica-Mnsists that the
mule represents much of the color
?uul romance of the army.
Captain Arnold's mule pack train
?Troop E?includes 303 animals, 73
men and two officers, divided into
four platoons.
He and other veterans like to tell
of the feats of sturdy mules in the
World war and of the times they
carried ammunition through to the
front in France when trucks were
mired in the mud or in shell holes.
Prisoner Admits Hoax
In Slaying 'Confession*
LOUISA. KY. ? District Attorney
M. J. Eagen of Scranton, Pa., said
that Dwight O. Thorne admitted he
had concocted a "confession" of be- j
ing responsible for the dynamite
slaying of William and Lois Rebhorn
in Scranton last November.
"I was practically convinced that
it was a hoax before I came to
Louisa," said Eagen, who questioned
Thorne in the presence of
local and Pennsylvania police.
"However, he gave us some sidelights
I would like to look into hefore
he is turned loose," Eagen
added.
"It u as a made-up story." County
Attorney M. J. See quoted Thorne
as saying.
Asked why he did it. See said
Thorne replied: "Even if I have to
spend the rest of my life in the
penitentiary, I can't tell you why."
Museum Designed in Style
Of Old Mound Builders
MOUNDVILLE, ALA. ? A museum
designed after the architecture
of the ancient and little known
Mound Builders of Alabama lias
been opened to house situ burials
and artifacts found at the mound
village here.
A burial, left exactly as it was
uncovered, is under each wing of
the building and the center section
contains cases holding hundreds of
relics.
Treasure Isle
New Navy Base
Site of Golden Gate Fan*
Considered Ideal for
Training Station.
SAN FRANCISCO.?Treasure island,
in the middle of San Francisco
bay and the largest man-made
island in the world, has been taken
over by the navy for the duration of
the present national defense emergency.
The island was the site of the 19391940
Golden Gate International exposition,
but for the next four or five
years, ut least, it will be used as a
seaplane and small craft training
buse.
Navy officials found the island an
almost ideal locution for the purposes
for which it is to be used.
In the first place, it is entirely
surrounded with navigable water except
for the small ramp that connects
it with the San Francisco bay
bridge and which brings it within
10 minutes from the center of the
city.
Buildings Are Usable.
The navy also was able to utilize
17 of the principal buildings of the
exposition und thus save greatly in
construction expense, and what was
even more Important, time. The
navy was able to move in immediately
und expects to have its first
contingent of 1,000 men in training
within a few months. Eventually, it
expects to train 5,000 men at one
time there.
Of the 17 buildings which the navy
will take over, three are permanent.
They are the administration buildings
and the two vast hangars of
the Pan American airways. The
latter will continue to operate its
Far Eastern and Australian Clipper
services from their permanent base
at the south end of the island, but
they have consented to have the hangars
used as barracks during the
navy occupation.
Site Deeded to City.
Under the terms by which the
state deeded to the city the 400
acres at the bottom of San Francisco
bay, the island eventually
must become a city airport. Arrangements
were made between the |
navy and the city -whereby the former
will contribute much to the development
of the island as an airport.
The navy will use its influence in
obtaining $1,680,000 WPA funds for
construction of the airport, which
will go forward while the island is
being used by the navy.
Some of the more suitable buildings
on the island will be used for
machine shops and repair works.
Co?t of Killing in War
Has Soared Since 1914-18
TARENTUM, PA.?The cost of
killing a soldier has increased from ;
$50 in the time of Julius Caesar to
between $50,000 and $75,000 in the
present war, according to H. V.
Churchill, an industrial chemist.
Churchill told a meeting here the
expense of wartime killing has risen
steadily through the centuries, with
a tremendously great advance occurring
between the World war and
today.
By the time of Napoleon, the cost
had become $1,500 for each man
killed, the chemist said, and during
the World war the figure was about
$2,500. He added that Napoleon's
advisers and allies thought the cost
fur too high in their time.
Churchill cited as the reason for
the huge increase in the cost the
fact that war is now fought with machinery?which
adds greatly to the
cost?although manpower still is the
backbone of war.
"The development of mechanical
devices and improvement of machinery
has lifted a great deal of
hard physical labor from men's
shoulders, but military men are turning
this machinery to war purposes
instead of using it for peaceful pursuits,"
he declared.
City Keeps Lamplighter
Even With Electricity
SAI.T LAKE CITY. ? In olden
Junes, every i ity hud its oJlicial
lamplighter--th" man who went
about at dusk to ignite the flickcry
' gaslights and mode the rounds again I
at dawn to turn them rJT.
In most communities, the lampi
ghter vanished w.lh the advent of
electricity?but not in Suit Lake City j
A lineman for the c.tv police, fire
1 i
and s.goal svster i imr.ud E. D. Wil- !
hams 'still mak-'S the ac storm d
rounds, but his dotes arc s unrwhnt
different than in the gasnght era.
Williams, carrying lire traditional
hooked stick, visits the city's safety
islands to turn no flood.ig! ;> that
mark the zor.es. In tne e..:\\ dawn
Ire repeats his u-.t. tarnin. off the
giar.t globes just as his predecessors
did.
He Is Free Two Hours
Before His 88ch Arrest j
BAKERSFI ELD. CALIF ?R. J.
("Shortv' J Pooler. -??> >ears old, had r
only two hours of freedom from ]
tire tune he was rt leased after his j
eightv-.<?cvcnth arrest until he was |
rrrcsicd the t g.rty-e ghth time, records
showed
Pooler v.,.s released from the '
Kern c >unty ja.l n.nd then arrested )
two hers late' no >\--alion
clmrge J >t; g . . need
Eleven to Two Hours
Safest, Reveals Doctor
The extensive studies made by
Dr. Emil Bogen, M. l> , of Olive
View sanatorium, Los Angeles, and
presented before the recent California
Medical association convention
at Coronado, seem to indicate that,
by the number of deaths occurring
then, 7 p. m. is the most fatal hour
of the 24 which mark our day? f ;
Assisted by Neil Qaress, assigned
by the Works Progress udfninistration,
Dr. Bogen analyzed 16,411
death certificates recorded for 1938
in Los Angeles.
While, with the caution of the scientist,
lie says his finding may not
be "conclusively significant," they
do show unmistakable trends?and
they definitely upset the common
belief that the "wee small hours
of the morning," when all is still
and lonely, are the hours when
Death is most likely to come on his
sometimes terrifying, sometimes
soothing and benign mission. For,
says Dr. Bogen:
"There are more deaths during
the hours of the day than at night.
"The daytime excess is most
marked with apoplexy, heart disease,
tuberculosis and pneumonia.
"Death from diabetes and from,
poisoning occur more often at night,
however."
When is it that the fateful Shado.w
hovers least?
"The lowest death rates," Dr.
Bogen's paper shows, "were seen
during the two periods from 11 a. m.
to 2 p. m., and from 11 p. m. to 1
2 a. m.
"The two periods, 5 to 8 a. m.
and 5 to 8 p. m., WHEN THE DAILY
ROUTINE IS BEING CHANGED,
either to wake or to go to work,
or to return from work and go to
sleep, are accompanied by higher
death rates than the times when already
established rest or activity
is being continued."
" i
Vermont Not Member of
Union Until After War
Vermont is so solid and substantial
in its qualities that most people
are under the impression that it
was one of the 13 original states.
But it did not become a member
of the Union until March 4, 1791,
150 years ago.
The first permanent settlement by
the English in what is now Vermont, (
was made in 1753 at Brattleboro.
Up until the Revolution this region
was known as the New Hampshire
Grants, and was claimed by
New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
and New York.
The capture of Ticonderoga and
Crown Point in 1775 by Ethan Allen
and his Green Mountain Boys made
it possible for General Washington
to obtain enough artillery to force
the British to evacuate Boston i
nearly a year later. j I
In January, 1777, the settlers in !
the New Hampshire Grants held a
convention at Westminster and proclaimed
it a "free and independent I
state capable of regulating their I
own internal police in all and every I
respect whatsoever, and that it I
should thereafter be known by the I
name of New Connecticut."
Four months later a second con- I
vention changed the name of the
quasi-Independent state to Vermont, I
derived from two French words I
meaning "green" and "mountain." I
The name Vermont had been sug- I
gested to the delegates by Dr. I
Thomas Young, an early associate I
of Ethan Allen. I
But the Continental Congress, not
wishing to offend New York, Mas-. I
sachusetts and New Hampshire, re- I
fused to admit the new state of Ver- j
mont as an equal partner.
Cultivate Most Roses Here I
People in the United States cul- I
tivate more roses than any other '
country in the world, but our once I
famous American Beauty rose is |
practically extinct today, according I
to Fruncis W. Ruzicka, president of |
the National Rose Growers of Amor- j j
ica. Its place has been taken by I
the Better Times rose, introduced
six years ago. Today when y>u I
buy a so-called American Beauty. I
the chances are it is really a Better j
Times. Yellow roses are hardest to j
produce. Bees and bugs. groat< st j
pollinating agents, always prefer I
pink roses; so when roses go psr.k.
you know they have gone wild. I
New Jersey grows enough r< -e. I
to strew the Transcontinental h.g:i I
way, end to -end, from Trent' n to \
Pasadena. White roses cost mere I
in June and September and are I
almost unsalable through the u-st
of the year. The Red Rose inn. I
near West Grove, Pa . has paid its I
rent with roses instead of money j
for more than 200 years.
Theoretical Music I
Music theory is a branch of music I
study that has suffered most from
isolation, according to Dr. Fd.oa I
McEachern, California teacher. She J f
said that students spend months I
writing exercises in music theory j
classes often with little carry over I
in music performance. "The piano I
student should know the forms he J
plays and be able to identify tneir I
structural elements such as phrase. I
cadence, modulation, harmonic pro- I
gression and thematic develop- ;
jnent," she says. "He should acquaint
himself with homophomc and I
polophomc style and learn to hoar V
and play music vertically and hori- j
zontaily. Piano students should I
also be taught to note the dramatic I
effect dissonant chords and the I
expressive .import of antic;pai.una. :
appoglatures, organ point and sua L
pensions." j
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