Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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rnu? Firing Big Guns Is Experts' Job Accurate Mathematic? and Dry Powder the Rule in Handling Artillery. WASHINGTON ?Great guns both on warships unci in land positions would be useless without a small army of unsung experts whose Job Is to see that the guns hit their targets. "Accurate firing of modern artillery is as complicated a task as charting the path of a comet through the sjcy or keeping a ship on Its course In the open sea," says <? the National Geographic society. "Gone are the days when naval battles were fought at point-blank range and land cannon were aimed as simply as rifles at plainly visible targets only a few hundred yards away. In land battles today only the anti-tank gun is used for direct Are against a target visible to the gun crew. All other cannon, from three-inch field guns to the huge 16inch coast defense rifles that guard the Panama canal, are almost always aimed entirely by mathematical calculations, at targets which the gunners cannot see. "In firing modern cannon, either on land or sea. many factors must be considered0 in pointing the gun so that its shells will fall upon or close to the turget. The force of gravity, direction and strength of the wind, warmth of the day, height of the burometer, extent of wear of the gun barrel, shape and weight of projectile, all must be considered In figuring the trajectory, or curved path, that the projectile will follow. Many Factors Involved. "In a naval battle, the roll, pitch, speed and course of the ship, as well as the speed and course of the enemy vessel being fired upon, must be calculated in addition to the other factors. "In a land battle, it may make a difference whether the shells being fired have been piled in the sunlight or in the cool shade of a tree. A shell will travel farther if the powder is warm because it burns more rapidly and generates more explosive power. "The most astounding pieces of artillery in history were the huge German guns that bombarded Paris from a distance of 75 miles in the spring of 1918. These guns fired a 265-pound .shell which left the muzzle at a velocity of a mile per second. They were of about 8-inch caliber and so long that the barrels were supported by cantilever trusses to keep them from bending of their own weight. "The shell gradually rose to a height estimated at 24 miles, but the force of gravity pulling upon it reduced its speed to one-half mile per second. Then, as the shell headed back toward earth along its curved trajectory, it picked up speed again, pulled downward by gravity and moving through the rarefied upper air. "Smaller guns, in general use in most armies and navies, have shorter ranges, and the shells travel to lesser heights on the trajectory curve. The 75-millimeter (approximately 3-inch) gun, standard light field piece of the United States army, has a maximum range of about six miles, and the shell rises to about 2^ miles at the highest point of the trajectory. The 155-millimeter (6.1-inch) gun has an extreme range of about 16 miles, and its projectile climbs to nearly throe miies. The 16-inch coast defense gun, with a range of 28 miles, fires a projectile weighing 2.340 pounds which would reach an altitude of 11 miles at tiie highest point m its trajectory. Drop Shells on Target. "Howitzers, fired at a high, angle, are designed to drop their shells almost vertically downward upon the target. "The distinction between guns and howitzers is tending to disappear, however, fur modern gur.s are designed to fire at high angles, like howitzers. The modern type of 75millimeter gun used in the United States army can be elevated to an angle of 45 degrees, as compared to 19 degrees for the old type, and the 16-inch coast defense guns can be elevated to a 65-degree angle. "Because of the many factors that affect a shell's trajectory, it is seldom that artillery scores a bull'seye. Shells usually fall within a large area around the target, and only a small percentage are direct hits. Coast defense guns have an advantage over battleships in being mounted on a steady platform. A hit almost anywhere on the battleship may put it out of action, or reduce its effectiveness, whereas the battleship must hit the actual guns of a coast defense fort." This Stag Has Had F*s Fill of War and Wirej ST MARGKL'.THKN. SWIT/.LR I LANl> ?Ti c ,?rm > w j strun g "< f tr.u> -.f \ ,: i < < wire a.- g :'s fr< ".tars to v. >, ?_ j ?r?-TT7?T -r-T?TT_ yvrryp j e iTTT | M?' ? ..?>.-?* vi ?.a . ?? ?? * t?'"" 1 iht <ki A.. ps ?*e of \ ?>: a:. , berg, iv w German m l was four. : [ exhausted in Sw;t/? i .. d. dragging 30ij yards f 1 mi d v. re and post- ' from ar/m I The ar..:nr.: . he killed. The! frontier troops ate venison. Modern Warship Like Town Afloat .Supplies needed for the battleahlpa mow under conetructlou tn shipyards in tho Halted Status emphasize that the modern warship, aside from Us primary function as a fighting machine, Is a floating community which must be wholly self-sufficient, for considerable periods of tliue. A battleship's full complement of about 1.20U officers and men needs supplies and services almost as varied as those of the average town. Three mCuls u day must be served seven days a week. The large quantity of food required at each meal is indicated by Tlib equipment or the kitchen or ship's galley, which among other utensils, Includes 10 or 12 enormous soup kettles of t>0 or HO gallons each. Machines peel the potatoes and onions. The chief cook and his several assistants preside over three electric cooking tops, four three-deck electric roasting ovens, five electric fry kettles of 90 gallon^ capacity, ten electric griddles, and several Ice cream freezers Other equipment Includes an electric coffee grinder, a dish-washing machine, and tumbler drier. Garbage Incinerators now cheat the sea gulls and fish, chiefly because the dumping of floating refuse might give information to an enemy as to the course of the ship. The baKfery would be a credit to the average small town both in size and in equipment. The dally output of 170 pics or other pastries brings to tbo electric mixers 100 pounds of flcur, 45 pounds of shortening, two pounds of salt, five gallons of water and other Ingredients in proportion. The loaves of bread- weigh two pounds apiece, and the bake shop must turn out at least 240 such loaves, seven days a week. On cake days the demand Is for 20 cakes, not the ordinary household size, but measuring a foot and a half by two feet. The butcher shop has two meat blocks, meat grinder, electric meat slicing machine, electric meat, bone and fish cutter, and also large electric. refrigerators In which other perishable foods are also kept. The ship lias Its own ice making equipment. The barbershop has six barber chair. The shoe shop is mechanized with stitching machine, patching machine, and finishing machine, with the necessary hand tools. There Is a blacksmith shop, also an electric shop, a foundry with pattern-making equipment, machine shop, carpenter shop, metalsmlth shop and electric welding machines. The size of the community's "office building, can only be estimated from the office equipment, which includes about 70 desks and 20 typewriters, f>0 filing cabinets, book cases and safes. In addition to mimeographing, adding and calculating machines, and office supplies of all kinds, Including stationary. It Is doubtful If any town of 1.200 has a printshop comparable to that on a battleship, which has the lutest improved printing presses and linotype machines. There is also the dentist's office with a modern dentist's chair and all the accessories, including his own x-ray machine. The surgeon has his operating table, surgical beds, and other provisions mailt- for the care ,?r tiie sirk in ins own hospital or siik bay. lit has many scientific aids Fallen Timbber # To Be Bought Columbia, Aug. 17.- Paper pulp mills in lower South Carolina and Georgia have pledged their cooperation in salvaging timber blown down during the recent storm. State Forester H. A Smith said today He said he had communicated with the Southern Kraft Mill at Georgetown, i he West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company at Charleston and the Cnion Bag and Paper Company at Savannah, and they had agreed to instruct their contractors to pay same price for fallen timber that they would for standing timber The state forester warned that the fallen 'tmber must be gotten out within 20 days or it will be worthless. "Build-Up" Relief Explained to Women A simple method has saved many women a lot of suffering! It is based on the fact that headaches, nervousness, erarr.p-li.ke pain are often symptoms of junctional dysmenorrhea due to malnutrition. Help for this condition so often follows the use of CARDUI, because it usually increases the appt-Gfe ami the flow of gastric juice; thus rvi !s digestion ard helps build pr-.ysical resistance. Usual result is less periodic distress. Mar.y who take CARDUT a few days before and during "the time" have f or. 1 trie helps ease periodic <1; scorn fort, \V.?;,,t*n have used C A Kb LI lor inure than oO years! BMBP?aa?P?^W 11 i 1,11 1 P~ Concealed ! Evidence- [ Hy NAN CLIFFORD (McClure Syhdlcat*?WNU Service ) MAHY martin stared aghast at George's Aunt Olivia. "Baku bread!" she cried nervously, "Oh, I'm perfectly certain I never could do that. Besides," brightly, "we really get awfully good bread at the delicatessen." "Nonsensel" snorted Aunt Olivia. "I brought George up on homemade bread and I'm positive he wan'V thrive on any other kind. I noticed," eyeing Mary accusingly, "that he looked peaked when he stopped in to see me last night. And only three months married!" "That's because he'a been palling around with Professor Jenkins next door," retorted Mary with spirit. "George wouldn't look so starved and neglected if he didn't go wading through swamps getting his feet soaked and his face all scratched up. He's getting absolutely balmy about botanical specimens.*' "George needs to eat plenty of home-made bread," declared Aunt Olivia with irritating persistency, quite ignoring Mary's outburst. "Get paper and pencil, my dear. I'll give you my three hour recipe. It's as simple as ABC. One hour to set, one hour to rise, one hpur to bake." Mary sighed, but gave in. To preserve harmony in the family, she even promised to bake bread that very day. It was two o'clock when Mary, following Aunt Olivia's instructions, wrapped the bowl containing the bread sponge snugly in a blanket and placed it in the south window to There was no sun. Clouds threatened rain and a depressing clpll was in the air. Mary watched the clock anxiously. At exactly three she prepared to wrestle with the next problem?that of making the sponge into loaves. Strangely, she found the unpleasantlooking lump of dough at the window much as she had left it. And Aunt Olivia had said it would have risen to the top of the mixing bowl. | Uncertainly, she decided to let it ( set awhile longer. Four o'clock came and the dough was unchanged! Five o'clock?and George due shortly! All in a dither, her cheeks blazing and her hands cold, Mary seized the yellow bowl and made for the back yard. Aunt Olivia should never hear of it! Never! As for George ?it was just as well he shouldn't hear of it either. At 5:15 she ran around the corner to the delicatessen. "Gosh! This is good bread, honey," enthused George that night at dinner. "I stopped in to see Aunt Olivia for a minute and she told me of the treat I had coming." He helped himself to another slice. "I'm glad you like it, darling," she said blithely. "You must eat loads of it. Aunt Olivia says you're beginning to look peaked." George grinned sheepishly. "?oor old Aunt Olivia can't reconcile her- 1 self to my man's estate. I owe her a lot, honey, and I'm glad you let her boss you a little... And sayl are , you some cook or are you some cook? This bread is better than any | Aunt Olivia ever poked a flst into." Mary's conscience gave her a stab. But, in spite of it, she could not help but relish the keen joke. * * * "Holy catnip! come here!" shouted George the next morning. Mary rushed in from the kitchen to find him standing bung-eyed at the dining room window. "Look; look there!" lie cried, pointing a finger excitedly. "A magnificent specimen of fungi right in our own garden. I must en 11 Professor at or.ee. He'll be ga-ga over it. Just yesterday we were discussing the types of fungi found in this climate. I'm dead sure this is calvatia gianica?a type he's never before discovered around here. It must I be fully eighteen inches in diameter, plant fiobose, nearly sessile, cortex white and smooth, becoming yellowish. See?" But Mary was not listening. Horrified, she stared out of the window. Yes, that was the very spot Close to the syringa bush. A white mass of something that could be only one thing had pushed aside the thin layer of soil with which she hastily covered the contents of the yellow bowl. During the night, the temperature had turned considerably warmer. Beaming with his glad tidings, George started for the garden gate to summon the professor. Mary clutched his arm. "Wait?a minute?darling!" trying to overcome the paroxysm 6f laughter that convulsed her. "That's not?that's not a toadstool." "Toadstool!" exploded George indignantly. "Of course, it's not a toadstool. It's a very rare specimen of?" "Homemade bread!" gasped Mary. George looked alarmed. "What's the matter, honey?" he asked anxiously. "Don't you feel well? Are you feverish or something?" ? Mary choked, but managed to ox- plain. "Anyhow," she sighed contentedly, after she'd been forgiven for a number of things?the mo-? important being Ge.ng/s in;u. 1 feeings, "I'll rover have to try < > mode bread again, thank goou?.e.?:>.'" In Job Printing! \ ! The I Camden Chronicle] v Desires to figure with every concern in Kershaw I County when they need printing of any descrip- I tion. We are prepared to give you the best of workmanship, and prompt service on any order I for printing. I j When in need of the following or any kind of Printing, j just Phone 29, and a representative will call on you: I?LETTERHEADS ?BILLHEADS ?STATEMENTS ?ENVELOPES ?CARDS ?CIRCULARS ?BRIEFS ?PAMPHLETS ?RULED FORMS 9 ?NOTEHEADS ?PROGRAMS I ?LABELS ^ ' r *| ?PRESCRIPTION BLANKS S ?checks m ?TAGS or A ?WHAT HAVE YOU? 9 I Of course, we do not expect to do all the Printing 9 I . that is needed in the county, but we do expect to 9 I do the bulk of it on the merits of our establish- 9 I ment. We will not make an appeal to give us work 9 I because we operate in the county. If we cannot 9 I give you the same or a better grade of work, we 9 I do not want your business. However, we do pay 9 I taxes in this city and county and the out-of-town 9 J printer does not. 9 I Camden Chronicle] I Camden, - - - - South Carolina I I '' 19