The Camden chronicle. (Camden, S.C.) 1888-1981, October 22, 1926, Image 1
-- The Camden Chronicle '-VOLUME
XXXVIH. ^ CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1826. NUMBER 30.
I, I ..... I I III II III ' ?
THE AIKEN LYNCHING
Editor Kerr, of Telle of
Contributing Causes
In a letter to The Columbia, Editor
James Edwin Kerr, of Aiken, gives
some lights on the lynching at Aiken
hitherto unpublished and?gives the
"other side" of the affair. His letter
||;v is as follows:
To the Editor of The State:
I have read your epjendid editorial
of October 11, and Alao the statement
of L G. Southard of Spartanburg,
BL ?ne of th? attorneys for the defense
in the Lowman trial,- and I am writing
|?give you a "close-up," or what we
newspaper men call a "low down" of
the lynching story, and you will, #|<h
Rgg the other good citisens of the state,
Iff" agree with me that, awful as the
"butchery" of the three negroes was,
. there is another side to the,story.
At the court house in Aik&'bn hour
following the brutal murder of Sheriff
Henry H. Howard, April 25, 1925, "a'
crowd of fully 2,000 men gathered
clamoring at the gates of the jail for
the murderers. Sheriff Robinson,
then deputy for Howard, with , the
blood streaming down his face from
? wounds made by Bertha Lawman, and
his right arm twisted and lacerated,
held back the angry crowd by his appeal
for law and Order, "Let the law
take its course,' do not disgrace our
county and Wtate," He pleaded". "I beg
of you, men, in the name of the dead
sheriff, who d ied uphbldlhg^tHe law,
go back to your homes and let the
law prevail!" That crowd, one of'the
largest that ever swept the streets
of Aiken, almost immediately dispersed.
Is that.abiding by the law?
The deputy with a few guards conl_
veyed' the negroes, iflfrren ^ gnjL
Demon Lowman, to the penitentiary,
along a rot*d whereon at any .point
fifty men could have dragged the
prisoners from the car aud lynched
them. Not a man followed the prisoners.
Is that abiding by the law?
Negro societies in the North raised
fwnd * for the defense of the Lowmans,
who, they claimed, were "defending
their castle." A new trial
was sought for the three prisoners,!
after two had been sentenced to death
and the: woman to life servitude; and1
the trial was greintedr During the"
second trial there was no bhow of disturbance.
Scarcely a frown in the!
crowded court room, until X. G.'
I Southard, attorney for the Lowmans,
exultant over the refusal of the court
to .admit evidence of finding , liquor at
the Lowman home a day following
the murder, termed the trial "nothing
but another one of these dirty liquor
cases." He further' said in . open
court: "I have nothing but contempt
for the Volstead act, and i dnly wish"
someone would buty a quart of liquor
in my yard." He termed former Solicitor
Robert L. Gun tor "au old grandfather,
who has been at the bar for
46 years." Of Solicitor Berte D. Cartfr
and Julian B. Sal ley, attorneys for
the state, he said: ^Aiken sent forth
her most eminent lawyers and th^y
were booted out of court." In the de*
nunciation of the Volstead act he was
taken to task by Judge Lanham,-but
bis words had the effect of creating
unrest among the, spectators. It was
believed that he was insinuating that
Sheriff Howiigfd was on a "dirty mission"
when killed. Attorney Southard
then moved tpiat a verdict of acquittal
? be directed for all of the Lowmans.
His assistant in the case, N. J. Frederick,
negro, attorney of Coliitgfoia,
followed in a speech in which he
stated: "There is not one scintilla of
evldenee against these prisoners, and
H. te.l||^3^nden duty of the eoiiri
to direct a verdict."
Now, over a thousand citteena
viewed the spot of Sheriff How*aft
murder. They saw him lying dead
I with 98 shots in his back. They saw,
the door of the Lowman house splintered^
with bullets when Demmou
Lowman engaged Deputy Robinson
and Deputy McElhany * in, battle,
shooting first at "one and then at thf
other. They saw the bleeding hand
of Robinson, with ,an ounce chunk ef
feis flgsh torn away by Bertha Lowman
In her effort to kill him with
the dead sheriff's pistol, which she
had taken from .his cold hand.
Yew could not tell these people that
the Lowmans were not guillyTDem
mon, they said, fought the deputies
to keqw them from elding their chief,
Jjllewwtii. ^Dcmmon wms t: W char eter.
Only two weeks prior to the
deoth of Sheriff Howard he had been
."JlJ^led by white dtisens^r his beBwptist
cburv.h near the
home had Written to the sheriff to I
stop the Lowmana from selling liquor
to his congregation, that he was to I
have a bi^ rally at his church on the]
Sunday following the killing of Sheriff
Howard, and wanted, the Lowmans
raided. In the face of this At-i
torney Southard said: "Berth* Lowman
was in her yard where she ,h*d a
right to be, and the officers, as they
appeared with a defective warrant,
had no right on the premises."
Throughout the three days of the
trial Attorney Southard's demeanor
-y ' *> .
was bordering on the insolent. He
blustered,, spluttered andv shouted in A
cock-of-the-walk manner. He eVeiv
tried to have Solicitor Carter agree
to free Bertha and Dcmrmon and Accept
a plea of manslaughter against
Clarence! On the streets he boasted
that "not a hair in the head of Clarence
would be tduched." ' It is really
a marvel that he was not taken out
from his hotel and yrhipped by indignant
citirens. The negro attorney appeared
much more, refined than his
white companion, and appeared to
show?resgect for the crepe draped
widow and little children of the dead
sheriff, who sat within a few feet of
them. '
As to jifc-BoatSard's talk to the
: jury trying, the ease, that they were
ready to acquit Bertha and Demmon,
that statement is pure "bunk." Out
of the twelve men nine had, made up
; their minds to have the three Lowmans
electrocuted, the other three not
giving an opinion. The decision was
mede following the testimony of the
officers and before the jury had left
their seats, so strong was the evidence
o: the three Lyowmana assisting
.-.e murder of the sheriff.
It Is a pity that the awful affair
has occurred to slain Aiken county*-*?
we are not certain that Aiken citizens
did the killing of the Lowmans?and
the people generally deplore the viotent
deed. But had Attorney Southard
need discretion in handling the
t defense, feeling that he was on delicate
ground, it ia my belief that then
: would have been ne; lynching. Hii
Miuhui in court, his assertion* on Hm
vuivuiffte in vwui w? nviig vu ?n
street, his insulta to the widow aik
children of *Vh? dead Henry Howsrc
SEABROOK ACQUITTED
Dry Agent Had Been Charged With
Accepting Bribe Money
Charleston, S. C., Oct. lfl.?Alonio
B. Seabrook was acquitted by a jury
in the federal court here last night
of bribery charges after the jury had
deliberated for one hour and forty
minutes. The fate of the suspended
prohibition agent had been placed in
the hands of tljie jury at 5:45 o'clock.
Seabrook had been on trial since
Tuesday morning. He. had been arrested
on the night t>f September 4
at his home in North Charleston by
federal agents while 100 other agents
swooped down on the Hell Hole
swamp section of. Berkeley county
and made wholesale arrests qjalleged
-moonshiners.
His acquittal followed a bitterly
fought legal battle, climaxed yesterday
afternoon by arguments of the
attorneys which often savored on the
dramatic.
The trial of the accused dry agent
came to a dramatic climax with fiery
arguments before the jury by the
prosecution and defense counsel.
Louis' M. Shimel, assistant district
attorney, opened for the prosecution.
Mr. Shimel,. speaking* throughout the
allotted time of one hour and ten
minutes, pleaded with the jujy to realize
that the United States government
had no spite against the defendant, j
and that his. prosecution was the re-1
rult oj a' deli berate effort to'atampj
out the liquor business in Berkeley}
and Charleston counties. He erapha-}
sized that Seabrook was one of many j
caught in the spectacular Hell Hole
clean-up on September 4 and 5. !
Launching the argument for the
defense. Edgar A. Brown, of Barnwell,
told the jury that it was a case
of believing a man of good family, and
reputation against what he called a
crowd of "bootleggers, schalawags,
and perjuries. Mr. Brown inferred
that the prosecution of Seabrook,!
whom he characterized as an innocent I
man, was the result of discordance}
among agencies of the government}
which had to do something to have!
somebody arrested. Ho said "it is a1
pretty pass when decent people can't
control the government/'
\* Nap on silk-bets often cdmes from
the fiber of milkweed.
[__ '* I " ..
NEGRO KILLED SUNDAYI
Jn?k Scott Shoot# Lewi# Murphy ToI
Death in Wf#t Wateree.
Lewis Murphy was shot and almost
instantly killed Sunday at his home on
the Mobley place, a few miles northwest
of Lugoff, being a victim of two I
bulhpts fired from a piatol in the hands
?f another negro, after)
they hia. engaged in an ' argument,
bcotj was arrested soon, after and
brought to Camden jail where'he is)
wing held on a murder charge.
Coroner W. R. Russell went to the)
scene of the murder Sunday afternoon
and held an innest and from tea-1
timony heard from several witnesses)
ordered Scott held for the killing. ' |
?According to the testimony of Henry
Ray, a white man* who was 40 eye J
witness to the affair, he had gone to)
the house of Murphy about 11 o'clock)
and found Lewis Murphy, E. R. Ray,
George Neal Ray. A few- minutps
afterward John Taylor, Jess Hay and
Jack Scott came. The three Hay boys
and Jack Scott went to, the river and
came back. We set awhile and the)
Ray boys and John Taylor left. After
Jack Scott came back he and Lewis
Murphy got into an argument Jack j
Scott went home and ^eame back in a
few minutes He is quoted as saying j
to Murphy that he had come back to J
kill him. Murphy's reply was for hfm|
to go back and not have any foolishness..
And askedL others if they reck- J
oned Scott Had come there to run htm j
away from his house, Scott then put j
his hand in his bosom and* pulled out!
a pistol. Witness... stated that he
asked Scott to give him the pistol, and
walked toward him when Scott walked
toward the wpll. Murphy got up to get!
out of .Scott's way. They were only!
about ten feet-apart and Scott had
his pistol in his hand. He raised the!
pistol and shot and Murphy fell. Scott
walked up ig)it over him and stood]
there awhile. The witness stated that
Scott exclaimed, ''God dam him I aM
going to shoot him again." And he |
did shoot again.. Witness felt satis-[
fled that Murphy was,dead whan Scott
shot him the last time. Scott is then
said to have walked away with the
pistol in his hand. f. ' ' "
Dr. J. W. A.. -Sanders made an examination
of the dead man ami found
where two bullet wounds had taken
effect. One had gonp thrqggh^ his
neck and through the back of the
head. Another had gone through the
body near the ribs. .
f
Club Met With Mrs. Gettys.
The members of the Lugoff Home
Demonstration Club held their October
meeting at the hqme of Mrs. J.
Team Gettys. After discussing plans
for the Lugoff community booth at
the State. Fair, the .club took j??p the
planning and planting of a garden to
supply the necessary quantity of
green vegetables during the winter
months. Miss Floyd, the nutrition
specialist from Winthrop College, ijf
-instructing leaders froin the club in
the proper selection of food for?health
and during the next few months this
club will give special attention to the
Food Selection Project, with the help
of Miss Alma Bufgess, our agent, and
Miss Floyd. Jkf the October meeting
two new members 0were enrolled,
Miss Chavis and Miss Fuuderburk.
Always the club welcomes any one
who is. interested in the work and invites
all Women and young ladies of.
the community to meet with them:
whenever possible. f
jiL .
Juors For Second Week Civil ?ojurt.
Jurors drawn to serve at the second
week of court of ^common pleas
for the second Monday in November
were as follows: M. L. Raley, Camden;
C. C. Gardner, Bethune; J. F,
Williams, Kershaw; E. D. Dabney,
Camden; TxP. Bookman, Blaney; J.
W. Young, Kershaw; D. D. Truesdale.
Westville; John K. Lee, Lugoff;
J.. H. Osborne, Camden; J. H. Watson,
Kershaw; L. R. Yarbrough, Bethune;
Andrew Branham, Lugoff;
James ^orris, Camdfcn; C. B. Smith,
Camden; F. B. Branham, Lugoff; G.F.
Watts, Lugoff; G."A. Rhame, Camden;
J. T. Rabon, Blaney; Rufua Binson,
Lugoff; J. E. Coats, kershaw;
J. C. Ford, Lugoff; J. G. Catoe,
Shaw; Sam Davis,.Bethune; R. A.
t McDowell, Camden; Q. W; Phllllpe,
> Kersaw; S. W. Horhsby, Camden;
Claude Belt, Kershaw; Berrell Dofeey,
1 Lugoff; Austin Arkdge, Camden; R
? L. Jones, Bethune; S. L. CroDey, Cam
> den; O. D. Outlaw, Bethune;
1 Truesdell, Boykin; Lewis BnabM
1 lO*"1 W. T. Staith, Camden; J. 1
'
Will BREAK PRACTICE
Small Boya Cause Annoyance To
Trainmen at Seaboard Station
l
For quite a Ion? while small negro
boys have caused annoyance to trainmen
at the local Seaboard passenger
station and city police have bean instructed
to break up the practice of.
scrambling for coins thrown them by
passengers. The following correspondence
from Superintendent W. G.
Jones, of Hamlet, to Mayor C. P.
DuBose, shows the ? danger of such
practice and why they are requesting
the aid of tb? poiloet
"When our .passenger trains are
standing at the passenger station in
Camden there are quite a number of
small negro boys that congregate
I around the trie in requesting the passengers
to throw them coins, and in
turn they will give them an exhibition
of the Charleston dance. This has
proven quite hazardous as the money
thrown off frequently falls under the
train or nearly bo, and the boys in
scrambling for the coins, frequently
get under the train. Unless this
practice is broken up, soqyer or later
we will kill some of these boys.
"We have ' sent our special agents
to Oamdenr and when they are around
the station, the boys stay away, but
when they are not around, the boys
congregate around the trains, and I
am appealing to you to assist us in
breaking up the practice of these boys
I hanging around thp Station, especially
while the passenger trains are there.
With your assistance I believe this
practice can be easily broken up."
A later letter from Superintendent
Jones reads as follows:Mj
appreciate very much indeed
your kind letter of the ,19th offering
your assistance to break up the practice
of small negro boys congregating
around our passenger trains while at
the station. I have instructed our
ticket agent, Mr. Puilen, to notify you
promptly should he experience any
further trouble with regard to thesd
negro boy* hereaftfefc."
McGhee audTMcGirt Get New Trial.
The case of the State against Charlie
McGhee, a barber, of Columbia,
and Herbert F. McGirt, a negro attormy
of Camden, was decided on appeal
by the State supmjpse eourt in a
decision handed down last week. A
I pew trial has been ordered. The case
was heard by the court last Tuesday.
McGhee and McGirt were charged
with arson, alleged to have set fire to
a house on Clyburn street, the property
of McGhee, which was under
mortgage to a local building and loan
association. The men at their trial
pleaded not guilty, and the case waa
hard fought. Solicitor^Spigner waa!
I t assisted by City Attorney fc. A. Wittkowsky
and Attorneys M. L. Smith
i of Camden, and C. T. Graydon, of Co*
lumbia, represented both defendants.
Quite' an array of witnesses were
heard?many of them being prominent
men of Columbia who came over as
character witnesses fo* McGhee, who
conducts a barbershop in Columbia.
The Jury brought in a verdict of guilty
and Judge J. K. Henry, presiding,
sentenced each to serve from four to
leight^years at hard labor. A motion
for a new trial was refused and both
I defendants were released on $1,000
bond pending the appeal to the su|
preme court.
??-?j?? . . ,|
Rhame Making Goqd. >
Claikson Rhame, of Camden, who is
1 seeing his first year at the Citadel, Is
{la protecting member-of the
[football team, playing full back and
I the News and Courier of Tuesday had
{the following to say of him:
| "Rhame, of Camden, is a big fellow
1 who plays fullback for thqj&ps Apd
I Rhame has the weight and just about
I everything else needed to make a good
I man. He is one of the punters for the
1 squad and should be good. Rhame
| starred for the powerful Camden High
I eleven last season., H% U an e*cep^
I tlonally good prospecT3 in that his
{weight is sometMhg badly needed by
| the Cadet team. Rhfme has many
| friends in this section of the State and
la large following is expected at floretWe,
November 11, when the Pup?
(meet Barney Early's Wofford ffcmhllim
? r.r'^r:
m ? >B.n. - ? ' /uV .
i Hospital Waate a Book-Keeper.
,L The Camden Hospital wants a book {keeper
to start about November 1st
{Applications ca nbe filed with Mr
.fMannes Baruch, the treasurer, and b*
1 or any member of the executive com
Jpdttee can give any particulars 4^ I
*** ' *
AGREED TO DISAGREE
: , H
Inttr^ting Term of Court 1h Staffed
I -.'V' ' Iu Pickens County
By Staff Corroapondont
Columbia, Oct. 18.?-For a time b(^
fond whkh the mind of man runneth
not to the contrary there has been a
grey-bearded joke about Juries an-1
nouncinff to the bailiff at the door
of their room that they had agreed,t
and then coming into court and announcing
thdt they had "agreed to
disagree." But reports coming to
Columbia are that at the recent term
of court in Pickena county, where the
mountain dews are fresh and strong,
a jury actually did that very thing
with regard to a sealed verdict which
was left with the clerk of court. It
was all regarded at but another repetition
of the old, old joke until the
Pickens Sentinel came along and in
its report of the court's proceedings
bore it out.
* The case seems to have arisen from
an alleged injury by a piece of lumber
said to have been protruding from
one of these well-knoWn lumbar
trucks. Will Wilson was suing the
Eatley Lumber company, and he said
that he was hit by the piece of llffittr |
bar while the truek was passing him
on the Pickens-Easley highway. The
jury took the testimony under solemn
consideration, hnd while they were
skill deliberating the court pdjourned
for the day, and the Jury was given
the usual instructions that if~they |
agreed the foreman should write, the j
verdict upon the summons and com-,
plaint, seal it in the envelope hunric 11
him by the court, and then the jury;
might disperse and be back in their^
seats upon the reconvening of court j
next morning, when the verdict would
be published by the clerk in the pres-j
ence of the jury. In the meantime [
they should say nothing outside as to
I what their verdict was until it was
published in court.
Sbme time later the jury knocked*
on the door and announced that they
had agreed. Sheriff Craig naturally
-supposed that by "agreement" thr
jury' meant they had reached a verdict
and allowed them to disperse. However,
it was later discovered, through
the "grapevine" that is usually ennrnnnd
a court, and - over..
Which pretty accurate messages are
usually received, that the jury which[
had voted to make a mistrial. Of j
course it takes au unanimous vote for,
a jury to reach an agreement?and
this vote upon a mistrial was unanimously
In favor of the mistrial? When
this startling discovery was made the
jury had already dispersed and gone
their respective wgys. Messengers
I were hurriedly dispatched for them,
and it is stated; Jhat one'juror had
I reached his home several miles away
[before being found. However, they
I were all got together, but then, lookI
iiig the situation coldly in the face,
I it was seen there was. no use to send
[the jury back for any further-delibI
erations, and the jurymen worg again
j released and next morning a mistrial
was ordered by Judge S. W. G. Shipp,
I presiding.
I Two interesting caseg involving
damages claimed -by, running new (
J highways through property were de{
elded by juries at this same term of
I court, and in both cases the juries decided
th*t-the owners of-the property
I had been benefited more than they
4 bid been damaged, and rendered ver?
Tdicts accordingly, >Mrs. Addle Ansel,
1 wife of Former Governor and now
| bounty Judge Martin F. Ansel, asked
I damages against ^Ictoena county, alleged
to have been done her property
j by^ocatingrjflaa new
[highly through her lands nef?pib-;
| crty. - The jury held by its. verdict
[that the road improved Mrs. Ansel's
I property $2,000 more than it damJaged
it, and returned its verdict for
1 the county. In h similar case brought
I by Q. F. Finley the jury held that
Jihe plaintiff was already Mty doUari
j better off by putting the road through
1 his property and found for the county.
I In Mrs. Ansel's c#se she was repreI
tented by her husband, Former Govpernor
Ansel, and by her son, Harry
' I Harris, who gave notice of motion for
I [new trial. The county was repre\|
tented by Hon. W, E. Findley.
p it was an interesting c6urt thfft
j Pickens staged. .I?v ..
1 Missionary Circle To Meet.
Circle No. Three of WolnaU'i
II Baptist Missionary Society will meei
-Ion Tuesday, 9cteb4r 26, at 4:00 p. ??
-U **.* ?
* Jon )fgR street. ; - .
CROP SUGGESTIONS
Extension Agent* Held Meeting Bearing
on Agricultural Situation.
'
Extension workers of South Caroli- ?
na met at Columbia on October 6th,
and made the following suggestion*
relative to the agricultural situation
now confronting the farmer* of South
Carolina:
"With nearly fifty million acres of
ldnd now being planted annually ., to
cotton in this country, the South Carolina
land-owner is faced with the necessity
of making some definite
change* in land management. It Is - -Jj
useless to expect that tenant farmer#
will bring aboyt the changes necessary
as they are not able, and they
move too often. It is squarely up to "
land owner* ami to those- who extend
credit in any way for farming,
"With a climate and soil that permits
growing nearly all the food and
feed requirements except sugar and
coffee, it is no longer common sense *i|
to expect success by depending on
cotton for everything, especially as
there are yet millions of acres of land
in Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas,
which may be put into cotton where . .~:r$
prices are sufficiently high,
"We cannot hope to compete with
this Western territory on an all-cotton . Ma
basis, owing to their larger production
per man without the necessity of
using fertilizer.
"To meet this situation there must
be a more general adoption of a syjh
tem of farming which is safe over a
period 'of years with a more definite
delcOmination to stick to such a system.
There has been too much plung
wg from one crt>p to another without
taking time and pains to perfect the
p/oduction of new crops.
"Nbxt, there must be an increasing
number of farmers who?sell?some ?
farm product besides cotton. Whether
this Shall be fruit or truck crops,
peanuts, potatoes, melons, asparagus,
tobacco small grkin, hay, cowpeas,
soybeans, velvet beans, lambs, milk,.cream,
butter, eggs, chickens, honey, " ' Mai
turkeys, hogs, cu/ed hams, wool, pecans,
beef cattle or whether it shall
be some more specialized product,
such as pure improved planting seed,
registered livestook for breeding, or
fa hey packed farm products for. a "
fepefcial trade, will depend on the special'abilities
of the individual farmer,
his location And other factor*.-JBtirely '
from the list of crops in atwiriorito
cotton there are one or more that
every farmer can bring to marketr- In
this connection we ihust remember -
that: No crop is profitable to all who
grow it; no crop iB profitable every
year; no erop is profitably grown on
poor land.;
"This is true of cotton as well as
of other crops, though we age..prone to
forget these facts with ;cotton and tor.:emphasize
thera with other crops.
"Coupled with the production of
these additional sources of income
must go a suitable organisation of
local business and farming interests1
to provide markets and outlets for*
surplus products. Such local arrang- *
ments have already been started orj a
satisfactory basis in a number pf,
' "Pinaily the average farm lands are
too poor in fertility and too much In
need of humus to produce/ and '
withstand short droughts to which we J
are subject. Commercial fertilizer*, ?a
alongpaside from the cost involved, do
not solve this problem. The oflly so- ^
lution is to plow in some crop grown
for the .purpose and so builct up the sag
humus content that thu.-uott-wiH
tain more moisture and fertility, and Wj|
feed the growlngrfcrops which follow;
Hundreds of demonstrations have
proven the truth of' this so that even
the most Ignorant should now understand
it. Land owners will have tp j?
furnish the seed for soil building
crops and see that tenants plow them
in as their contribution to soil im-,
provement for mutual 'benefit. As*
quickly as possible each farm should
produce its own seed, but in the be
ginning the landlord ^ Will^ probably
plying seed of suitable soil buiMlng#
crops. We emphasize rye at a winter |
cropr because the coat of seed is very,
reasonable and the crop will grow gn
almost any land. As soon as the land
is in condition and the farmer has a
little experience we recommend adding'Winter
legumes. More cowpeas,
soybeans or velvet beans should be
planted in the summer.
. "When tSe^e things are done there
will cease to be the oft recurring
cottorf panics that wipe out the profits
of favorable years. The burden of
responsibility for bringing about a
new syBteipjDBfits on land owners and
bankers who extend credit for farm^fThe'
extension - service ^suggests
that bankers, famers and merchants
who see this situation clearly, join In" J.
calling county meetings la cooperation
twith the county home and farm
jagentef to work out sound programs '
for the future of each county.-t and
| that such urograms shall start by the -ia
;ac2din*f7dr3arg|t crop.^ of? fall-sown
K? a?ni^:dWl?rev?nt^hcre is a need fot<\ *
it, as evidenced by those calling these
meetings making request* for^assia|
with auch meetings.1*5