The Camden chronicle. (Camden, S.C.) 1888-1981, January 11, 1924, Image 6
Haspe. in^s at Home and Abroad
During the Twelve Months
That Have Just Closed,
PRESIDENT HARDING'S DEATH
Futile Attempts to 8ettle German Rep
arations Problem ? France Occu
pies ths Ruhr ? Turkey's Diplo
matic Triumph? -Terriblo Earth,
quake In Japan ? American
prosperity and Politic*.
By EDWARD W. PICKARD
With ( lie ex<;tiption of (Jermany,
ruined . by her own acts, and Japan.
, shuttered by the fore** of nature, all
the world wan better off al the close
of !?>?_?:< tl:un nt lis beginning. 'Tills
Is especially true of the United States,
Italy, Finland. < ?zechostoviikla, Tur
key, 'and probably Russia, though the
Information coming from the lund of
the sovicts Iu|h been so colored that
It wuh (lllllcult to determine true con
dltions 1 fine:
Economic recovery of the world was
retarded, as It was during the prevb
ouh twelve inoltc l?#?, by failure to |
settle the matter of the Ucrmun repa
rations and by the steady decline of
Derma ny toward the point of absolute
collapse. The occupation of the Ituhr
by Krimre anil the nnml'tlng dlSl'Utos
with <?'rent ilrltain brought on re'
peated crises each of which seemed
to threaten the Anal disruption of the
entente corUialc.
-Several proposals foh ? donindsslons
to dot ermine tlerinn'ny'* capacity to."
pUy w.ere made, but each of thetn re
quired the participation of the United
States and each time the. American
government found unacceptable the
restrictions Insisted upon by Premier
I'oincare of l?'ranee. As the year
drew toward lu cltue. houevnr, ? LLlc
repa rations commission was preparing
to appoint two committees of experts
to help work out the problem, and
l*r?-?i<lf?ot Cyolldire approved of the iijh
polntinent of Americans on these com
mit teoH.
Turkey gained, power and prestige
through the Lausanne peace confer
ence and the resulting treaties with
t lie allies and With the UTflted States.
Late in the year she added herself to
the - 1 1 Kt of re publics with Mustapba
Keimil Paslnc as her tlrst president..
Under the leadership of (Jeneral
Prlmo Rivera and other army officers
and aristocrats, there was a house-'
cleaning Jo Spain that resulted in the
turning out of the crowd of pollliciatis
that had for years been battening on
the spoils of nilsgovernment. The so
called democratic government was
overthrown and a dictatorial council
substituted.
President llardlftg's death In San
Francisco threw all the United . Stales
?and indeed all the civilized world ?
Into heartfelt mourning. Vice Presi
dent Calvin ('oolldgc, succeeding to
the chief magistracy, carried on In
general the policies of his predecessor.
Mr. llardlng had been* considered t he
certain nominee of the Republican
party in 11)134, and his demlso threw
open the lists and made the political
content intensely Interesting.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
German reparations and complica
tions resulting from the failure to pay
them occupied much of the attention
of Kuropcan diplomats. Marly in Jan
uary the allied premiers held a futile
conference in I'aris, and France pre
pared for separate action to collect
from Germany. About the name time
Secretary Hughes announced the Unit
ed States would not consider Kerlin's
proposal for a four-power Kuropean
peace pact and also informally ad
vised Franco not to occupy the Kuhr.
France, however, was determined, and
the reparations commission gave her
the opening by declaring Germany In
willful default in coal deliveries. Ger
many formally protesting and Great
Britain not approving, the French on
January 11 began the occupation of
the Ruhr, .seizing its most important
cities one after another. President
Harding expressed '"is disapproval by
recalling the American troops from
Germany. Chancellor Cuno, with the
support of the lelrhstag, declared a
"moral war" of passive resistance and
ordered all stute employees nor to obey
the French. The mine owners ami
later the industrial magnate-* it>;i in
with this program and for months the
French were bulked In their eflo'-'t
to g?-t any considerable- revenue from
the region. They seized custom*, bank
funds and railway*, and arrested many
Industrial lead-Ms and ofllcinls, but the
p.tssi \ e roista.u-e was not broken un
til lale in September. The occupa
tion ?ai agisted actively by Ihd^iuia
and pa *si vety by Italy. Grout llrit
ain, thougn she d.d not a>'tua!l\ h im
per the French. ?a\e them no help.
On May Germany mmle :? new
reparations offer . ? f $7,riO?\?MiO.?XX),
with many conditions, and It whs im
mediately rejected hy | 'ran re. Fng
land also declared t!o> offer iii?ul!U*ient.
Berlin then a*ke?i ,? new reparations
conference on the lotal sum anil of
fered annuities of 1 ..V* uxx mm *? gold
marks. Great Britain invited Frane*
and Italy to Join nor in n reply to
this, and submitted a ih*aft ??f her
proposed answer, but this also fell
through. The British government
thereupon sen? a n.?te t<? Krsn<-?? sni
IWflgliim declaring the UuUr occnj?n
cei
of a.
t b ?u ?!!?".. m| and fy| tre. iir';vMn.' i
on nn Import mi ' , <r ttfonM imjidry j
a/? ?>*? tU? plan watsg: Ue<t by S>eretury
of StiUo Hughes, ;?i?0 Muring France
mmi pay eildugh of ('??? limlry It nf
her to enable < ;i < ,,i I'.iii.iiu to p.iy
America, Again no' rexulu, Premier
I'flihNfni declaring ( ifi'imijiy ii)U?l *et
tie the reparation* before
an ec.oijo.iutv ur< old could lie reached.
( ')tan< < i; .: Nimmt ; mi, who had suc
ceeded Dr. Guno. announced the aban
donment of passive resist nin e *. nod
mild no more re;mratloris would be
paid and the treaty of Versailles would
In* repudiated. lie alio put art end
to the aid wldch lite government had
been fclvinw i he inhabitants of tike oc
cupied regions. Soon after l,llH ,,,tt
liKlUMt ri?i ( magnutes of the Kuhr and
Ithliu'liind signed a part with the
French (Qf the resumption of work
und of payments of material.
In December the reparations com*
mission decided to ui>polnt two com
mittees ??r experts, one to examine
(Jeriuan money In foreign luuds und
the other to try to devlae mentis by
which Uermuny might balance her
budget and stabilize her finances.
Polncure now seemed In u yielding
mood ami President Cooiidge an
nouneed he approved of unofiiclul
American participation through the j
selection of Americans an member*
oT those committee*,
Turkey's diplomatic victory at ThUF
Minne was n(d easily won. While the
conference there was deadlocked In
Jq'ttua ry Mustapha Kenml mobilized
armies to move against Constanti
nople, Mosul and other points and
cHlled three classes to the colors to
COWbnt (he Greeks in Thrace. The
<|Uarrellng In the peace conference
was incessant. On January 31 the
allies submitted a treaty to the Turks,
demanding its acceptance within four
days. The Turks agreed to sign it If
the economic clauses were reserved
for future settlement. Lord Curzon
departed in a rage, and on February
0 the conference broke up. Diplomatic
conversations continued, however; the
British indicated they would make
concessions, and the conference was
resumed on April 211, Russia being ex
cluded. On July 2-1 j* treaty was
signed which gave to Turkey nearly
all *?h** hmt-detmtmied. the <fUt-*titm of
oil concessions being left for later
consideration. A few days later the
United States and Turkey signed
treaties r.i amity and commerce and
on extradition. By October 2 the al
lied military forces had evacuated
Constantinople and the Turks soon
after took formal possession of their
old capital.
Warfare between Italy and Greece
In the autumn was narrowly averted.
An Italian military commissioner and
his aids were murdered in Albania
and on August 2?S Italy demanded that
Oreece apologize abjectly and pay
reparations. The Oreek reply being
unsatisfactory, the Italians promptly
bombarded and occupied the island of
Corfu. Oreece appealed to the League
of Nations, which was disposed to
take up the affair; but Premier Mus
solini declared Italy would withdraw
? from the league and ignore its deci
sion If It Insisted on arbitrating the
dispute. The situation was most em
barrassing for the league, but the
allied council of ambassadors rescued
It by assuming Jurisdiction and order
ing Oreece to comply with Italy's de
mands almost In their entirety. Greece
gave In. apologize^ atid paid fX), 000, 000
lire indemnity, and on September 27
Italy evacuated Corfu.
o j
Mussolini achieved another triumph
by an agreement with Jugo-Slavia
whereby ? Italy obtained possession of j
Flume.
In January American and British
commissions met in Washington to ne
gotiate the refunding of the British
war debt to America, and their task
was soon completed to the apparent
satisfaction of both nations. The
Washington trentles on reduction of
armament and concerning the Pacific
were ratified by Italy In February and
by France In July. Through the ef
forts of an American commission sent
to Mexico, the government of our
neighbor was finally brought to ami
cable terms and the long-withheld rec
ognition was accorded by Washington
on August 31.
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS
Overshadowing all other events. In
the United States was the dentil of
President Warren (J. Hording. H?
hnd long planned a trip through th?
Mlddlo and Far West and to Alaska
In order to talk with the people and
get their reactions. Though tired out
>ind far from well, he started on June
'JO. nccompunled by Mrs. Harding and
several members of his cabinet. After
delivering several Important addresses,
notably one advocating American mem
bership in ti\e World court, he sailed
to Alaska. Keturnlnr thence to Sa?
F*rancJ*co, he foil HI there op July 2A
Four days later, on August 2, h*
passed away The rtiking ??f his bodj
hnck to Washington, the service*
there, the trip to Marion. Ohio, m n <J
the Interment there of the little town'*
distinguished citizen on August If
guve the people of the country ample
opportunity to show in what high
esteem and affection they held Mr
HftrrllilV: l iterally the entire natloE
mourned sincerely, .ind Mil the othei
nations gave expression to their crlef
Vice President f'ulvin L'oolidgo fixik
the oath of office as President at his
father's home In Plymouth, Vt., and
assumed Ills new duties Ht once, re
tnlHnc the entire llardlnc cablret and
announcing that he would carry o-.it
the Harding policies where possible
It hnd l>een taken for granted th.it
the Republican party would nominate
Mr Harding In IffcM. and < Mr. fool
Idge Immediately became a probable
nominee. However, before the jttu
<?!?> v?| Into# <..!?<? f >f\vnr<*
jiofulil",. l$or) .ipf l Ileum <l4?lih ? ? ri <?f
( uJtfoi II !, \ . !-:u-r Fallot <? ' PeUl>
1 > ?I n ! :i! ?' Sr ; itor liuFllll M .* of
W lsron>.iijL I'm; tin; l)i;mwn))l 1 11011)1:
nation there vyei"? several prohuhlll*
i.f;., ,iici udln ? s. imhtr rn?li'ru <.<?<! t.i nd
VVilUMIO G. MeAdoo, Iivoui || 0111)0'
it ii > i Hen 1 1 < ir H t? int ? ?n of Inditing,
(lOV. Al Smith ??f New York II lid < Sov
ernor Kllzer of New Jersey. There
tfus much talk of the possible noinl
nation of llonry Ford by one of the
old parties ot- by a third party, and
lils admirers wore exc^dtQfiy active.
Tin* ttrp'ihl i? an national committee,
acceding ?>? the \yl?h?s of the 1'iesi
dent, selected Cleveland as tiu* place
for the national convention of li>~4,
and hoi .Juno 10 us the date for ltd
opening. Previous action by which the
representation of the itoutheru mate*
was reduced wan read tided by the
committee.
Secretary of the luterlor Fall retired
from President Harding's cabinet on
March 4 and was succeeded by Hubert
Work, the la tier's, place us postmaster
generul being Ulied by the appoint
ment of Harry S. New. Attorney Gen
eral Dnughorty, against whom im
peachment charges had been made the
prevloua year, waa fully exonerated
by the -house Judiciary committee, the
report being adopted by the house on
January $Q? Among the appoint uu-nia
made by President Harding were, Hub
ert Woods Bliss tt>f minister *t0 Swe
den; Miles Polndexter aa ambassador ?
to Peru; It. 11. Tobln as minister to
the Netherlands ; E. T. Sanborn as as
Hocltite Justice of the Supreme court
of the United States, and Hun. l'"ran.<
T. Hint's aa director of the veterans'
bureau. The latter appointment waa
followed by charges of mismanage
ment, Waste, etc., against the former
director. Colonel tt|ilch were
Investigated by a senate committee.
Having passed the agricultural cred
its bill and many acts of lesser im
portance, and killing tlio ship-subsidy
bill, the Sixty-seventh congress came
to an end on March 4. The Sixty
eightb congress met on December iJ
and the Republican majority was so
slender that a bloc of so-called pro
gressives held the balance of power.
Speaker Gil left was re-elected and
-President onottrtge Tttl'll UUUTUrt'tl III!*'
lirst message, fn which ho declaretl
himself in l'avor of Auierican member
ship in the World court, advocate*! re;
duction of taxes and opposed the sol
diers' bonus.
Two governors got into serious
; trouble. Walton of Oklahoma, who
I said he was lighting the Ku Ivlux
j Klan, came into conflict with the state
! legislature and assumed virtually dic
! tutorial powers. Despite bis efforts to
j prevent It, the legislature met In spe
j i-iii 1 session, the house impeached him
on numerous charges and the senate,
sitting as a trial court, found bim
guilty and removed him from bis of
fice. Walton was then indicted !>y a
| grand jury. The other state executive
in trouble was Gov. W. T. McCray of
i Indiana, who got into deep financial en
j tanglements and also was Indicted.
The Supreme court on April 30 de
! elded that foreign vessels qpulu not
bring liquor Into American ports, even
' though sealed, and later the liquOr
[.stores of several liners were seized at
j New York. Foreign nations protested
I but could not well take any action.
I However, late in the year the govern
! ment negotiated an agreement with
! Great Britain whereby theNright of
search was extended to about twelve
miles from shore, and in return it was
expected the ship liquor regulation
would be modified. The extension of
the search limit was IHffde accessary
by the * activities of the smuggling
fleets which kept the country well sup
plied with wretched liquor. On May 4
the New York legislature repealed
the state prohibition law. In October
a conference of governors on law en
forcement was held in Washington,
and President Coolldge pledged the
full aid of the government machinery,
but insisted each slate must assume
Its own share of the burden.
President Coolldge had the appoint
ment of one ambassador last year.
Col. George Harvey resigned his post
at the court of St, James on October
4 and Frank B. Kellogg was selected
for the place.
Immediately after Its summer vaca
tion the Supreme court rendered an
Important decision upholding the laws
of the Pacific coast states which pro
hibit aliens from owning land. These
laws, of course, are directed against
the Japanese especially.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Germany's internal troubles, politi
cal, economic and financial, were In
extricably tangled op with her Inter
national woes and brought her to so
low a state that her regeneration
seemed at times almost hopeless. Roy
alists, separatists and communists eon
spired, revolted and rioted. Unem
ployment inr rented and in the cltlet
all hut the industrial magnates and
the profiteers were reduced to near
starvation, although the crops were
large and the rural districts were over
running with food stuff*. The govern
ment tried to meet the situation by
keeping up the flood of paper mark!
and of course the mark declined until
billions could be had for one dollar
and those \*ho hid anything to sell
refused to accept t tie practically
worthless currency. Tn August Chan
cellor Cuno present ed a "rescue plan"
to the relchatag. It was rejected and
Cuno resigned, (lustave Stresemann
xiiccv*'41nv hlin and forming the first
coalition majority government * In Oer
. msny's history. lie undertook to re
i fonn the finances by the Issue of a
1 new curret.cy. the renlen mart;. h^okiM}1
bj the country's resource*. This vrai
j far fri-in ?u<>ce*?|ul.
' Tbf?*?tfhout the year the royaltott
r of Go."i? -iM;, ''i' <'*
ceedin;;l.v a?tii. those Of 1 Ja v la >.? u
ftily, -taking the lead n
(he liuviiri iin. actually rcVoihd iuaim.?
the, JUstlin vtrnmcnt und wu-lc tiv.
tn>e \ <>tt KjiIu' ?it*?r <?f tin* state.
Tlio relchstng tj.etvupon goyv St r?->?v
iiiitim dictatorial power*. A little later
t h so'-h.iilst go\ "inmentH of Saxony
and Thuriugln refused to obey the
chamt'llor. and lie subdued them by \
a show of military force. Ho 'yjleldod
to Bavaria's demand for greater au
tonomy, Inn this whs not enough. On
.November *s Hitler, leader of the Ba
varian Ftinc'sti. and general von Lu
dendorff attempted a ro^ullst coup
d'etat in Muuleh ami other cities ami
threatened to march on Berlin. Thin
revolt was rather easily put down
by the national police and the workers
and Hitler and Ludendorff were ar
rested. On November 10 Frederick
William, ti?e former crown prince, sud
denly returned to tlermauy from Hol
land.
In October the separatists of the
lihinelaml got Into action and met up
a republic which wag looked upon with
favor by France. However, it wan
not able to maintain Itself very sue--]
cessfully, and there was almost con
tinuous fighting with the national
forces. Another separatist wdvemeut
was started In the Bavarian palatinate,
bu| It failed for the time being.
Lato in November Chancellor Strese
mann's coalition went to pieces and,
being denied a vufe of confidence In
the rolchstag, he resigned. Dr. Heln
? riqh Albert, unpleasantly remembered
in America, and Aduip Stegcnvald l">th
failed tV form acceptable ministries,
and so l.)r. Wllhelm Marx, leader of
the Catholic party, was made chancel
lor on November 29 and got together
a cabinet that included Streseuianri as
foreign minister and that was expect
ed to carry on his policle?.
The revolution in Spain, which was
connected with the unsatisfactory war
with the Moors, took place in Septem
ber. The revolt, led b.y General
I'rinio Hlvera, Marquis de Kstella, was
against the cabinet and corrupt poli
ticians and also was an expression
of reaction against the growth of so
cialism and syndicalism among the
workers. The king supported It and
in 6 Ktmnei signed M SclHenibfrf ITT
A military directorate was established
and Hi vera was made sole chief of
the udniiitioti uiiwii. Tiie iien ^uvuiii*
ment made itself popular at once by
a campaign op profiteering and gam
bling, by'cutting expenses to the bone
and by other drastic measures of re
form. Trial by jury was suspended
because of the corruption of the courts.
Altogether, it was a happy revolution
for Spain.
Bulgaria also had a revolution, al
most bloodless, when Staiuboulisky's
peasant government way overthrown
on .tune 1) and the premier himself was
captured and killed. Professor Zanlc
oiT was made head of the new govern
ment. In September the Communists
and peasants resorted to arms in an
attempt to regain power, but they
were soon suppressed.
Andrew Bonar Law. prime minister
of Cleat Britain, resigned on May 20
because of the Illness that caused his
death in October, ife was succeeded
by Stanley Baldwin, who had been
chancellor of the exchequer. On Oe
' lober 1 an Imperial conference and an
economic conference of- the British em-,
plre opened in London, and various
Important, measures were debated and
adopted designed to bind the compo
nent parts of the empire by closer
commercial ties, at the same time leav
ing them their full measure of self
gevernment. These questions brought
to the fore the old question of free
trade or protection, and since the gov
ernment had promised there should
be no change In the tariff policy during
the life of the existing parliament,
Prime Minister Baldwin dissolved par
liament on November 16 and an elec
tion was called for December 0. For
mer Premier Lloyd George, who had
been on a speaking tour of the United
States, arrived home just in time to
make up his old quarrel with the other
wing of the liberal party, and went
into tile campaign with vigor. When
the votes were counted it was found
that wiiile the Liberals and Lahorites
both had won many seats from the
Conservatives, no one of the three
parties had a majority. The Lahorites.
however, announced that their leader,
Kamsay MacDonald, would undertake
to form a government as soon as called
upon, whereupon Prime Minister Bald
win declared he and his cabinet would
retain office at least until the new
parliament had met in January.
During the early months of the year
the I rl9h republicans continued their
guerrilla warfare on the Free State,
hut on April 10. their chief of staff,
Llam Lynch,, was killtNl in a fight and
on April 1*7 Kamon de Valera ordered
his followers to cease hostilities and
negotiate peace. The Dublin govern
ment refused to treat with him and
on August l.n he was plaee?| under ar
rest.
Chinese factioas fought bitterly
throughout the eatlre year, and In Oc
tober President Til Yuan-hung was suc
ceeded., by Mjjrghsl Tsao-kun. Cop
(Continued on Another Page)
When Anthony Ciagliardo was ar
raigned in Yonkers, N. Y., court for
violation of the compulsory education
law, ho proved to the court that ho !
had been the father of thirty-one chil
dren, twenty-two of whom had died.
His 14-year-old daughter, the subject
of the investigation, is in poor health
and not able to attend sehool. He was
cxcused by the court.
Three dozen labor /unions of New
Yoi*k city employ Anna M. Klosc as
their counsel.
Chinese bandits lust week captured
three American missionaries in thr
province ot Northern llupeh, afterf
wounding ono of them, Mra'p?
Kilen, and holding the?
auras ? or ^
ELECTRIC Dill LL& ? l/Jn- Now $S8M
M aide by BlMk & !>??""? Manut.ctu.lug Cm,
i ... ?ri,i reduced from ??8.00 to $58.00.
? ^ucTfrom *48-00 .0 ?M.OO.
^^ch Drm reduced from *??.00 to ?28.00.
What .hoot CMU" or an/'roUthJ
'"Nvriii F j ?et one ?urcat*ios?"
COLUMBIA SUPPLY COMPANY
f- c? Columbia, S. C.
823 W??t Gerv*U at. n
Your Evening Gown, Wrap, Gloves
?are they "spic and span"
Left in our hands for a few days,
they'll be returned to you spotlessly
clean, fresh, like new.
QUICK SERVICE
FOOTER'S DYE WORKS
Cumberland, Maryland.
FERTILIZER
<W # mv mmm M>pv ""f MHBBW ABB . ?
' * . '_ ;, " l'1. -' '-? ???-' '; > "?' ? . " ' ??
Before you buy your fertilizer for
another season, be sure to see me, for i
can save you money in quality -at least. f
I handle the Southern States Fertilizer
Goods, Acid, Kainit, mixed goods of all
kinds, Nitrate of Soda, Muriate Potash. -
Telephone 18
R. L. MOSELEY
"THE BIGGEST STEP FORWARD IN. ...
THIRTY YEARS."
Is what one man connected with the U. S. Department of AgrictilttirGr
wrote us, after reading our literature on "Naco Brand Open-Formal*
No-Filler Fertilizers.** ? ? * ??
"If the Farmer would buy his fertilizers with the same care he does
other merchandise, he could double his crops and get rich."
"We think your plan of leaving out the Filler is splendid. and will be
appreciated by those farmers who give some thought to what they are
using under their crops."
Don't see how cheaply you can buy a fertilizer, for cheap fertilizers
are not always good investments. Don't merely ask for an 8-8-3,
but ask your dealer what it's made of, how many pounds of each ma
terial are used and how much filler, and if he cannot answer your
questions, then ask our representative,
W. R. HOUGH , at Camden, S. C.
To explain our Open-Formula No-Filler Fertilizers. You will find we
put a tag on every bag showing exactly the number of pounds of each
material that we use ? and we use the finest of ingredients, such as
the Genuine Peruvian Guano, etc., and you will And our prices rea
sonable ? and furthermore, will find that after we mix all the ingre
dients that are necessary to make an 8-3-3 or an 8-4-4, or any other
analysis, we stop ? we don't add any dirt filler or sand, but wo abip
you the pure ingredients only? ldaving out from 200 to 500 pound#,
of worthless filler, which does you no good and only means expense
for freight, handling and hauling, etc. . t
Don't continue to be satisfied to ask for an 8-3-3. Find out why you
need certain materials to give you the proper balance of plant food,
then insist upon your getting them, thereby steadily improving your
crop yields and at the same time getting some knowledge of the<func
tions of the various fertilizer elements. Get away from fsriilirtsff
like you did five or ten years ago, for you haven't started to get the
results you can obtain from fertilizers if you buy and apply them with
a full knowledge of the facts.
NITRATE AGENCIES COMPANY,
Wilmington, N. C.
R. L. Moseley Brokerage Agency
Wants To - ?
Buy your cottonseed, corn, oats, hay, milch cows,
cattle, etc., and to sell you fertilizer, horses, mule*?
buggies, harness, etc.
/
We" trade for aln.?st anything of valuo* We alto
some good city and country property that wa wool?
sell. "See us." '