Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Home from flonpital. * [>r. Huinphriea and M#Hy Fergu ><./i an- home from the Fennell in firmary in Rock Hill when* they were t ak?n after the autornobilr wreck Sunday afternoon last. Both were able to be out on the street)# yester day and >' < r? being greeted by their friends, Mia* Anderson, who w?# also in the wreck, is in a Charlotte hospital, but is very much improved. ? f.ancasU r News. Died From Link in Head. Aiken, S. C., Dee. 2,?After living seven days with a 'two-inch link of chain imbedded in his skull, J. I). Moore, of this pla<'</, in dead at a local hospital. Aiken official# say the tenacity with which Moore held on to life under the circumstance* was the most remarkable in their expedience;. ' A (.ood Sign. Her Father- "Hut young man, do you think y?>u can make my daughter happy?" Her Suitor ~"l>o I,? 1 wish you touJd have seen her when I pro posed!"? ? London Opinion. Educational Facta. Compiled by George Wittkowsky, a ' Camden Student at South Carolina Cniveraity. The following i.s a chapter on "A Social and Kconomical Survey of Kershaw County" written by George >1. Wittkowsky, of the University of South Carolina. This economical survey id written in the Department of Kural Fconom icii and is one of nine chapters, some of the other chapters to be written by George H. Wittkowsky and some by Robert L. Moseley. Of all the duties that devolve up on a modern, civilized government none are more important than the education of the young. A state may be judged, with a high degree of accuracy, by ttte efforts made by it to educate it? children. In this doty the State of South Carolina and the County of Kershaw have not come up to the standard set by flec tions of the country. In this chap ter we hope to give a fair idea of how South Carolina compares with other states and Kershaw with other counties in the matter of education, and to point out the tendencies in < durational affairs in the County as we see thetn. We regret that in the attempt to lay the facts before th?? people ours will 1m* the task of paint ing a picture which will not be al together Kershaw County as well as the rest of the State needs to b?? aroused to the inadequacy of her educational system; and this can onlv be done by a plain statement <>f the Pacts. Attendance. In the percentage of the total number of pupils attending school' regularly, Kershaw <"<,unt\ ranks twenty-eighth. The pcreentat'e for K'-rshaw ''ounty. i- f?X.P2. hi the (?<r< r;'a;'<- of whit e enrolled stu it- n yu'ni at ? i ti'lain ?? mp re J <?f! . <".<n li - fav hi a hie. Only j | ? > ? ? ?!' ? he wVi" ?? hi'' 11*<? 11 i tin,',)<?<( (,'i- ifi ^cIkiu! n-jrirrirlj', In I 'hi n : i 'h fi. ?'?<*? i Vi ? 111 ??< n -how a l>? 'ti i i.- iv I '} iii t)?e wlilc i .*<1.2.i i"? i* rent .<?; ?} i> cni l>!!'?(! co'mi*- , ef| r'hldnn air in regular at' endance. i Th? i ? a'<?'!, f t ? ilii' e i ii ; in the ; ? 1 ? l' ??Ij'r tn -how 'i het tr: > 'i ! . 1 ? *? v triiil.'in f t ban ' K'e:-.h.i\ \ ! (re t fT"| ( * i i. -. ;t ft H ! I ? J r li< :rv a ttiu there i- no truant j offio ; fi the ? nijM'j The ihtto's a r? -ii ii-iM'th'd that th" authorities <i< ? in .1 miu ise 11> I ike t his Piet him| nf m. ' i .. ~tr rr the enrollment In '<?'!. 'I 'I'll V "f rT'fii I l!l:r at tell "Int. ? ? 1 I i, ^ . I, t J. I III |>i'lf'i' Pi. i| h; 't ? ; i'.i e of!'. e?. has fallen upon ? 1 ? -}?>?.: i. ? if. ' he ( " u n t v Super * '? :* ' <?' Iilti atioi:. It i learlv . \ k|i r? ? > 11 I h,- re i ? r.eeil of be!t e r ?rhi. ?! fa Jilies thr'?il^hou' thr ? ount > f or ir r 'hat every < hild mav .. I ;iiir III serurr mi nlu The ii?i f.i . <n :tb'. ';i.i a re riiffi' ? ! 11v mi* -j,andm,; n the v,,.?*- h ~"'i' -e-. litis. U <? I . ! r . i- ? 'rv' | *|, !hl St.lte if) f||lS par' ' m'.i . Tlx avi latfe f??r- Ker -h.'i.v ('? j:^ i IT'* day*, wherrnn 'a'houn (Ir it vrrtoAN n. I.ari<n<tei and Highland ? '?vin'ie. tie fm first plate V. i'h .li' ?? rl.ij'e r:i h i.f !h0 days. Ii a!s(, ('' a * i f \ to no'i- that from I'M? ! 'i I'.eJI the ulvte enroli ng r t .imp'-.i fn.ni L?.?*<;<? I. '?!?'. and th< n< ;r't- i niiillnien' fr< m to 07J Th< total enrollmei;' ,? ?ea r'\ '!.JL' during these ten \car Poo* ,i*'.<?itdan^e m an e onomn as h>!] n - a w?( ial loss to a <ount.\ a* na* l>e? t> p<^jritr>d on' in other- huH? - ?'ns- < f thi - rie The cvpt-r c t unning a hool 'he >anv ii^ar \ !r r.f whether the attendarn i* >in"1 r,r not There is n<> diffi-renre n o'. o rhej,ii ? xnensr. The trustees ha'.f '?> hr guided i' their ou*Uy of fund- 11? 'hr tritjit enrollmen* The i * that every a^cne nv;r-s -o much loss of tinie and energy on the part of the teacher* and !<> < mor.ey by the county When wr take ?nto i on 'dr rat ion thr fart that in Kershaw ',,'eiin'v or.lv I'J pre . rrt > f the total enru'lr ! JHip a'tend cihool retrularly then ue realthat tKior ?attendance is nr >nonin '.abil ity to the enunty of tm ure These fmln should m- n v r -V, mind of the reader '?? nr^rr t : < ed for a truant offuei The ;?a re ^uirinvf all counties ?<? employ such an officer has been ab'ilish.eii. aid it is now left t?? the county ' *i f ?n de4_ermine whether or not siiih an of firer shall he employed. The Ker shaw County Hoard of Kdu<ation has decided not to employ ?uc h nr. offi <nr. The inadcqua< r of school facil ities which forced the Hoard to take (hi? Action ia to be deplored. Tift* (?d the schools in K?r shaw Connty ?re not in a po?ition to take care of all the children who should be in school Is a grave indict ment of educational condition# in the County. The fault lies not in the 'remissness. of any one man but in the general attitude toward -appro priations for educational purposes. The urgent cry is for means of tak ing care of the school population of t the county. Teacher*. ! We have already ventured the ! opinion that a government may be ; judged with a fair degree of accura cy bv the condition of its educa tion#! system. It is alao true that an educational system may Iks meas u/t.l by the tyfMft of teachers employ ed. , Good teachers : make goon! schools. Where the teachers are of a low quality the schools are corre spondingly inefficient. School builds ing^ and equipment are important but they . sink ihto relative insignia ficanee wh?jn Compared with the val ue of good teachers. ? A true teach er, endowed with a high character, trained by a good education and in spired by a genuine zeal can do great things in a log'rabin, equipped with hen.-hes made of split logs. . On the contrary,' a poorly educated, unin spired and uninspiring teacher will fail even though her class room be located in a building of palatial" size and appointment and the equipment of the school be the latest produc tions of science. Someone may ask, "If good teach ers are of so much importance, how ' may they be secured?" The ansWer is by paying them decent salaries. The adequate preparation for the teaching profession requires years of time and thousands of dollars of money. Naturally the teacher de sires a fair salary as a recompense for this expenditure 'of money and time. What sort of bid do the people of Kershaw County make for good teachers'.' I>et the figures tell their own tale. The average salary paid white male teachers in the county is $739.19. Contrast this amount with the average in Charleston County which is $2,317.62 and it will be seen that Kershaw lags far behind. In fact, there are thirty-six counties in the state which pay men teachers better salaries. The average salary paid white women teachers in Ker shaw County is $400.01. The average for the County of Charleston is $800.2.r>. In this respect we stand J*frty-third among the counties* of the state. As long as Kershaw County continues to pay male teach ers salaries which would be scorn fully turned down by a skilled color ed laborer; and as long as she con tinues to pay the white women to whom is entrusted the high duties of a teacher a salary which would not satisfy a mill hand, so long must she expect inefficiencc in her school system. The only way for Kershaw County to get better teach ers is to pay for them. Negro Schools. In South Carolina the education ; of the whites and of the negroes is ! carried on separately. Naturally, i tho system of white schools is su-J perior to th?? colored- schools. How- [ ever, tin* discrepancy is greater than I ii should be. The education of all | the children of the county, white or | black, is a duty not to be shirked. In 1021) Kershaw County expended . $H.43 per capita of enrolled pupils ?'is | against for whites. The av- j erage number of negro pupils per ; teacher is forty. For the whites the average is nineteen. It is interesting to note that; per cent of the ?<i-groe- ? nndled are in regular at-j 1 ni f. wher>!e only peri i i nt <>f t he whites enrolled attend whon! regularly. These figures are ? ij;iiifu an' ? They indicate tin- in n take in education by the ne groes of ou. county. Attention 1 In>uM. howi \ er, be e a' led to t he rap'd t ridi ma?le l>\ the negro school system of the c??unty within the la t f< w war-. As some sage ? .rue poin'ed out. it matters not so mu< h where one is, the genuine t<*st i-- where he star'cl from, how far he ha* gone, and in which direction he is hi-tided. Judging the negro school system by these criteria, a more favorable aspect is given to the situation. In 1910 the expenditures for negro schools was $6,643,90. In 1920 the figure was $13,462.36. It is to be hoped that expenditures for education in Kershaw County, both for negroes and whites, will increase us the years go by. Consolidation. One of the gravest defects in our oil cational system is the large num ber of one-teacher schools. From the standpoint of eficiency and econ omy one-teacher schools are a serious problem. It is impossible for one teacher to do justice to thirty or for ty pupils divided into several grades each of which is pursuing a different course of study. Where such condi tions obtain it is really impossible for one teacher to bring order out of chaos. In Kershaw County, '41,81 per cent of the white schools are one-teacher schools. Contrast our record with that of Darlington County where on ly 10.34 per cent are one-teacher schools. It is likewise interesting to note the sm&U average enrollment to the school in Kershaw County. The average is thirty-one white pu pils and forty-two negroes. In the average number of white pupils to the school we rank 39th. In the av erage number of negroes we rank 37th. These figures, are startling and indicate that the educational system of the county is inadequate. We believe that the solution of the problem lies in consolidation. Where two small and weak institu tions are located near each other they should be combined. The ad vantages of consolidation are mani-^ fold. Among other things it insures larger enrollment, better attendance, high school opportunity for a third of the cost, better trained teachers, an opportunity for teachers to spec ialize instead of vainly endeavoring to train themselves to teach all the subjects in the curriculum, the bene fits of the graded system, better su pervision of school work and better buildings and equipment. But consolidation cannot always be brought about successfully unless adequate means are taken for getting the pupils to school. This means better roads and free transportation. In 1919 Richland County spent $4, 807.39 for this purpose. P. P. Claxton, former U. S. Com missioner of Education is responsible for the following statements: "The improvement and consolida tion of rural schools and the use of such schools as rural social centers have a marked influence upon the prosperity and intellectual develop ment of the people who live in the country. The movement in this di rection has only begun and its con tinued progress is dependent in a large measure upon the improvement of highways and highway transpor tation. Better roads are essential to better rural schools." Index Figure. The educational index figure, de vised by Dr. Ix?onard P. Ayers, Di rector of the Department of Educa* tion of the Russell Sage Foundation, is a means by which the relative ef ficiency of educational systems may W computed. Ten items which indi cate the condition of educational work are taken into consideration. . The average Tor these ten items is then arrived at. An average of 100 per cent., according too the'standard adopt ed by Dr. Ayers, would indicate a "rfe.ct school system. The Russell Sage Foundation has found that Montana has the highest index figure. Montana is t??llowed by California.. Arizona, and New .Jersey. South Carolina has the low est rating. The figure for South Carolina is i!9,3!?. For Montana the furim* is 7?r>.7'.?. The figure for Kershaw County is The following is the tab!<- from which the index figure for the coun try has been computed: Index Figures for Kershaw Coun ts Schools for 1910 and 1920 - HMO HMO 1020 1020 1020 1020 White Col. White Col. White W hite 1 . I V I ie!lt < ? t >< hl>! l] poula & Col. &? Col. tion attending school daily ">-1.22 53.29 7").00 70.60 5'5.50 .2.70 2 Average days attended by > each child of school age .33.2" 20.10 -4ft.03 26.80 26.63 35.50 Average numhcr of day , , s? -howls wt'i e kept open .62.*>0 20.10 64.50 38.00 >0.00 ;1.25 4 Per eent that high school at- I tendance wan of total atten dance . . 0 12 00.00 .035 OtJ.OO .021 .01K '?> Per cent that hoys were of girls in high school. x73.-?1 I'O.OO w0.8.> 00.00 36.75 00.85 ? Avcrajft' ? xpenditure per ( hild in average attendance 1 I '.'s 2.3" 22.30 2.0 5 7 Jo 10.86 7 Average expenditure per i hild of school ago ^ 1..' 1 l'i.02 2 07 > 3 S1 7.90 ?v \vetage expenditure per ?< a< her employed II ' I To 27 71 I *?"> 10.n I 17.22 '< K xpendituros pc i pupil for purposes othc! than ii'.ii hers' snlarie.s 2 20 oti^l \< 22 0.172 1.0* 3.88 1" Kxpenditure pel teacher employed for salaries 2 Ti. 10 X.nS .',6.02 11.70 18.5-1 28.20 K-'i -haw County Index . 2vS5 1 2.h5 38.65 2U.02 20.7 1 31.26 5 Ind.-y * 24.8 7 29.39 x State figures. As the figures foi vh?- < ourt> on 'his item v ere not iva>!ahle we used the State figures. 1 en \ car Gains in Kershaw Count) School Affairs. 1909-10 1019.20 IV* T. : a e\pej !. ; r? - i\.r hoth la i- J32.767.46 $84.306.7.w I"?? t,i expend tute- for vv h11? ?< 27.425.Oo 70,844.42 Total ex pen.nt u: e? for negroes 6,543.90 13.462.30 K.xprndiUm ?. for :> acht r>' .saiai .i - 30.266.83 '>0,271.03 \verag?- s;?.ar\ paid white niiT !e;ir r.er- 425 00 739.1'.' Verage -alary ;>aid u h,!c wopii'" ?t a. her? 101.00 100.51 N imher <f w'n ie tea? her- 7H 130 N'umN-r of n >-ed teacher*. .'>8 71 Total njml'M of teacher- 136 200 Attendant 4.611 7,107 Total school enri ilmen' 5.720 10,004 Negro enrollment 3.120 5,809 White en roll men' 2,600 4,195 Average length of white M'ss;r>;, 125 129 Average length of negro session 75 76 Facts AI>out Education in Kershaw County. 28th? In percentage of total enrolled pupils in regular atten 68.42 dance. 1920 Georgetown headed the list with 84.89 per cen' Dillon rank* 46th with 61.61 per eent. 34th?In percentage o fwhite enrolled pupiLs in regular atten- 66.46 dance. 1920. Georgetown comes first with 80.89 per cent. Cherokee comes last with 60.30 par coot. The irrrifp for Y* the Stat* is 67.91 per cent. -;J 24th?In pfrtoaliff of enrolled negroes in regular atten- 70.25 dance,-'1920. Georgetown stands first with 87.24 per cent. Hamptoii County is listed lowest with 61.$1 per cent. The ? f. n age for thf Slati it 70.60 pel i ent. 20th- In percentage of white schools that are one*teacher 41.81 school.x 1991. ? Darlington County has the most favorable reconrwith only 10.34. per cent Beaufort', with 70.47 per cent, has the worst record. The average for the State is 43.22 pei cent. 11th 'In average length of session in days in white town s schools, 1020. Georgetown, Lancaster and Kichland tie for first place with an average each of 180 days, Horry County comes las\ with an average of 136 days. . 42nd?In per eapita expenditures according to total enroll- * $8,43 ment, 1020. Charleston ranks first with $33,11. McCormick . comes last with $7.23. The average is $13,93. 48rd? in per capita expenditure according to whit? enroll- $16.88 s, ment, 1920. Darlington County ranks first with an expep diture of $72.07. Abbeville ranks lftjit with $10.00. Thr average for the State is $20.08. 27th-^-In per capita expenditure according to negro enroll- $8.43 ment, 1020. Charleston County ranks first with $11.57. Bamberg comes at /the bottom of the list with $1.45. The average for tin- State is $?'>.(> J. 20th?In per 'capita investment in school property accord- $8.02 ing .t.O population^1920, Florence Ctftinty ranks first with $20.07. Fairfield Countv ts at the bottom <>f the tUt with $2.77. 26th?In total value of all school property, 1020. Green- $263,335.00 ville County ranks first with $2,508,374. Jasper stands at the bottom of the list with $38,042.00. 20th?In receipts from State appropriations for 1020. Spar- $18,632.50 tanburg County ranks first with $40,511.38. . Jasper County comes last with $3,180. 37th?In average salaries paid to white men teachers, 1020. $730.19 Charleston pays the highest average salary, $2,317.62. . The lowest average salary paid is $537.60 by Lexington County. 43rd?In average salaries paid white women teacher, 1020. $400.51 Charleston County heads the li^t with $800.25. Lexington County pays white women the lowest salaries, $385.38. 18th?In number of local school tax districts, 1020. Greenville 45 heads the list with 07. Beaufort comes last with 0 15.th?-In number of school districts levying special taxes, 45 10.20. Horry ranks first with 03. Jasper tails the list with 4. 22nd?In average number of white pupils per teacher, 1010. * 10 Greenville ranks first with 31 pupils per teacher. Jasper and Williamsburg come last with an average each of 15 pupils to a teacher. The average for the State is 21. 24th?In average number of negro children per teacher, 1010. 40 Calhoun County ranks first with 82. Jasper and Oconee, with 27 each, are to be found at the hot ton of the list. The average for the State is 42. 30th?In average number of white children to a school. 1020. 31 Charleston County ranks first with 114 pupils ' to a school. Jasper comes last with 21. The average for the State is 51. 37th?In average number of colored children to a schpol, i 42 1020. Charleston County, with 130 to a school, heads the list. Jasper ranks last with 27. The State average is 55. Chesterfield Car Jumps Bridge. Chesterfield, Dec. 1. ? Belton Smith, prosperous planter of the Grant's Mill section, today had the misfortune of being in onfc of the most dangerous automobile wrecks that has been" reported here in a good while. Mr. Smith had his children out mo toring and was teaching one of them to drive. When they came upon the bridge crossing at Evans mill the car turned turtle off the bridge to a fall 20 feet below into the mill race. All occupants of the car were injured. One of the children was not expected to live through the aft ernon. TAX NOTICE. Office of Treasurer Kershaw Couaty, Pa mden. S. C., Sept. 22. 1922. Notice Is hereby ffivea that tile book* will be opened for the collection of State, County and School taxes from October loth, 1022. to March 15th, 1928. A penalty of 1 per oept will lie added to nil taxes unpaid January 1st. 1023. 2 per ceat February 1st, 1023, and 7 por oent^ March lftth, 1923. The rate per centum for Kerahaw county is as follows: , Mills. 7 1-2 State Taxes Good Roads County Taxes Hospital School Taxes 2 0 3-1 1-4 3 DelCalb Township Bond Bou4?? for IVKatb Township onl^r .. .,, 2 l? Tol a I 28 1-2 Dog Ta* $1.26. All dog owners tre required to maka u return of th?4r dogs to the County Treasurer. who in required to furnish a license tag. All dogs cauKht without the lionise tig the owners wHt be subject to ? (ftjP of Twenty ($20.00) Doltara. The following School Districts huv? siKviul levies: School District No. 1 tS School District No. 2 8 School District No. 3 ft School District No. 4 6 School District No. 5 * ... 8 School District No. 6 8 School District No. 7 , ., 8 School District No- 8 4 School District No. 9 4 School District No. 1.1 S School District No. 12 11 School District No. 13 8 School District No. 14 8 School District No. 15 ....ft.......... 8 School District No. 16 4 School District No. 17 8 School District No. 18 I School District No. 10 - ... 4 School District No; 20 4 School District No. 21 /.... 4 School District No. 22 18 School District No. 28 ........... 3 School District No. 24 8 School District No. 26 8 Schoofl IWstriot No. 26 8 School District No. 27 ... 8 School District No. 28 8 School District No. 20 ft School District No. 80 8 School District No. 31 .. 8 School District No. 82 8 School District No. 33 8 School District No. 34 .'..?**? 8 School District No. 35 ; 8 School District No. 36 , 8 School District No. 37 2 School District No. 38 8 School District No. 39 8 School District No. 40 17 School District No. 41 8 School District No. 42 8 School District No, 43 4 School District No. 44 - 8 School District No. 46 8 School District No. 47 8 The poll tax is $1.00. All ablobodled male persons fr*? the age of twenty-one (21) to sixty (00) years, both inclusive, except res idents in iiK5orfK)rated towns of the county less tban ^,800 tnbtfeltaBtR. shall pay $4.00 as a road tax exetfct minister* of the gospel actually in charge of a congregation, teachers en ployed in public schools, school trus tees, and persons permanently dis abled in the military service of this State aud persons vrtio served in the war Between the States, and aU per sons actually employed In Hie tfuarai1 tine service of this state and all r? idents wbo may be attending school or college at the time when said road lax shall become due. Persons rtaira ing disabilities must present certifl cate from two reputable physicians of this county. All information with Deference to taxes will be furnished upon applica tion. D. M. MoOASKILL, County Treasurer, for Economical Transportstfon The 1923 SUPERIOR Chevrolet 2-Passenger Roadster This car has lowest average operating costs, with style, finish, and equipment that completely outclasses all competition in its field. It is the ideal car for daily use by business and professional people, salesmen, farmers, and all who want the most economical transportation for one or two passengers, with ample rear compartment for samples, luggage, etc. QUALITY has been sriJl further improved by more artistic design and added equipment. ECONOMY has been still further increased by engineering refinements and greatly increased facilities. SERVICE is now offered on a flat rate basis by 10,000 dealers and service stations. PRICES of the new line remain the same in spite of added equipment and more expensive construction, which have greatly increased value. Some Distinctive Features Streamline body design with high hood; vacuum feed and rear gasoline tank on all models, drum type head lamps with legal lenses. Curtains open with doors of open model*. Closed models have piste glass Ternstcdt regulated wtnaows, straight side cord tires, sun visor, windshield wiper and dish light. The Sedanette is equipped with auto trunk on rrar. Prices f. o. b. Flint, Mich. Two Passenger Roadster *510 Five Passenger Touring - 525 Two Passenger Utility Coup? 680 Four Passenger Sedanetre 850 Five Passenger Sedan ? ? 860 Light Delivery Truck * - 510 See these remarkable cars. Study the specification* Nothing Compares With Chevrolet GEORGE T. LITTLE, Distributor Kershaw inyilCili