The Camden chronicle. (Camden, S.C.) 1888-1981, May 01, 1914, Image 6
MAIN PLAZA OF TAMPICO, MEXICO
Thlb ih the <<hl*f platen of the city of Tumplco. tl>? gailitirlng pluca of the' people, mid it may be- subjected to
Domburdmeiit b> the American warships. ' . ' J ^ w
Danish Farmyard.
Co-Operative Farm
Products Marketing
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmrnmmKajmmkBmmmmmmamammmmnmmmmmmmmmKmmmmwmmmmwmmmmmmmfmmmmB
How It Is Doric in Europe and May Be Done
in America to the Profit of Both
Farmer and Consumer
B^MATTHEW S. DUDGEON.
DAY AMONG DANISH FARMERS
Copt iiliUKrii. Denmark.?' Thin rn a I about $17,000.00
greal farming country. Every square
foot, of land is utilized. There is al
most no waste land. In America you
will find here and there a scientific:
firmer. Here every fanner is h scien
tific farmer, lie knows farming, and,
thanks to cooperation, he knows mar
keting as well. 10 very cow is a good
cow, giving a good quantity of good
milk Not only is the milk good when
it leaves the cow hut if it goes to the
city it goes promptly anil is still good
milk ?when it is delivered. If if is
made into butter it becomes good but
ter and reaches the consumer in the
best possible form. The pigs too are
high grade. As they move to market
they appear to be all of uniform color,
size, shape, and quality, for each con
forms to a type proved by experimen
tation to be the best for the purposes
to which they are devoted
Every fenner analyzes his soil ter
tilizes his fields, ami rotates his crops
according to the best principles of
coil conservation In America you or
caaionalb aeu surh farming and such
farmers, here vou see nothing else.
Medium Sired Farm.
What appears to be the home of a
well-to-do farmer upon a medium
sized farm Is our first point of at
tack
Wo find the building* including
dwelling, stables, granary, hay shed
and other outbuildings arranged
around a square court. All except tin*
dwelling house are roofed with thateh
which although It seems to be in good
condition the farmer assures us is
twenty years old. Everything ex
hibits the utmost neatness. The sta
hies, poultry houses ana pig shelters,
are all as clean as the nature of their
use permits, while the house itself In
Immaculate.
The for nun owner of the farm is
dead. The widow and children now
occupy the place. Of three sons one
is in Copenhagen and is to leave the
farm permanently. He rocs to the
city not because, he wants to but be
cause there is no room for him upon
this farm and it is almost impossible
to get more land ? everybody wants to
keep all he has The older son is to
have the major part of the farm turn
ing over a nnaller i>ortion to a young
er brother The mother will continue
to live on the farm with the older son
The farm Is eighty-eight acres in ex
tent. There are on it six horses, thir
ty-five cows, and sixty pigs, besides
the poultry. The farm with its stock,
buildings, and equipment is worth
Cooperative Bacon Factory.
The farmer is u member of a co
operative bacon- fuctorv. In order to
! m^et the demands of the market.
? "which lias been most carefully studied.
, he and the other members ' find it
: necessary to breed a pin of a particu
lar type, one which will produce Rood
bacon. All of the members therefore
are raising a piK produced by crossing
the Knglish Yorkshire with tho native
Danish breed. They have found also
that the best bacon is obtained when
the pigs are brought to market from
twenty-two to twenty eight weeks old.
weighing beween I SO ninl 200 pounds.
Careful experimentation has also dem
onstrated that if the hogs are mar
keted nt this time tho most bacon per
food unit fed them Is produced. The
pig's, life is a busy life They "have
only live to seven months to live and
must weigh at the end of that time
from ISO to Jon pounds. The hogs
are also bred for largo litters since
this is an important consideration
whfM'i il becomes neeossarv to rush
! the entire output of hogs upon the
market ut an early ane P^xpe^ts say
that the pip so produced i*>*ideul for.
the prodnction of bacon. %
Co-operative Creamer,'.
I This farmer belong* to a coopera
I tivo dairy association which conducts
I a creamery some little distance awav.
| The members are mostly the smaller
farmers. Kaoh leaves his cans of
milk on the road to be gathered up by
a collector hired by the association.
The collector when he returns the
; cans brings ""Back the skimmed milk
i The milk sent Into the creamery is
tested and the price dwpends altogeth
er upon the butter fat contained In
? the'v mUk. This results in a constant
i improvement In tho breed of cows
' since the members find it profitable
j to keep only the best breeds.
j The farmer escorted us through the
j farm to a stubble Held where the eat
I tie were grazing It must be romem
; bered that in Denmurk cattle are
! never pastured behind fences as they
; are in the United States Kvery cow
j Is tethered with a chain al>out twenty
1 feet long.
F,ach cow ts fitted out with a thin
i canvas blanket and thus protected
j from flies and other annoying insects
I Tho increase In milk production when
the cow Is thus freed from all disturb
ing insects is said to be very consider
able,. The cow is spared every exer
tion. She Is not required to walk
any long distance oven for her water,
hut it is liauled to her. The water la
atored and carrjed in a hiK horizontal
tank much resembling our street
sprinkling wagons to which ia attach
ed a smaller open tank, ko that the
cow ia enabled to drink aa Clio tanks
are drawn along the line.
Fertility Maintained.
This farmer, and in fact every far
mer whom we htivo interviewed -dur
ing the. entire flay, seems to have a
very thorough knowledge of the rota
tion of crops. On thin farm the plow
land ia divided into nine fields among
which the crops are rotated accord
ing to a carefully considered arid well
defined schedule. Natural and com
mercial manures are used, the farmer
having had? Hit- soils of his various
fields analyzed, so that he may know
what is needed for each field. Ho
now purchases his manures from a co
operative company which guarantees
the chemical content of its products
although formerly, when private deal
ers sold fertilizers. It was difficult to
get them of assured chemical compo
sition.
The Big Farmer.
While Denmark has been 'called the
land of the rich little farmer thd. coun
try is not entirely devoted to the
smaller farm. After driving some;
distance we naw what was evidently
a large farm with extensive buildings.
It proved to bo a farm of tHMJ acres.
The proprietor was away but a young
apprentice eighteen years of age who
seems to fully understand the farm
and its operation very courteously ex
hibited everything .to us.
The buildings on this larger farm
are most- substantial handsome struc
tures. W'o fgiiml on i he farm twenty
two, horses, one hundred eighty cows,
besides poultry aiyl pigs. There are
employed upon the farm fifteen male
hands and fifteen female Polish labor
ers. We found the barns of the latest
types, clean and fresh. The floors are
concrete and sloped to a transverse
drain. Each stall lias a patent head
yoke and is equipped with an auto
matic water basin. Ample provisions
there are also for flushing and clean
1ng floors. The arrangement for pre
serving the fertilizing quality of tho
waste is complete. Solid and liquids
are stored in cisterns' from which the
manures are periodically removed and
distributed over the farm. The bins
for all feeds and machinery' and tools
for handling are conveniently ar
ranged.
A Co-operator.
The owner of thin farm belongs to
the Trifoliuin dairy, a big co-operative
association whose members are most
ly owners of the larger farms. Upon
becoming a member of this coopera
tive concern the farmer enters into
an fereement similar to that entered
into by *11 co-operators in Denmark.
He agrees to deliver to the association
''nil of his dairy products. The agree
i ment is a most comprehensive ono
j and he Is pledged not only to deliver
what he produces, but it is his duty
under his agreement to produce all
that he normally can with his farm
and his equipment.
Karly in the history of cooperation
i it Denmark a situation developed
which is similar to that now existing
in America. Whenever a cooperative
concern was formed for the purpose
of marketing the product of its mem
j bers the members were at once ap
j proached by outside buyers who of
j J'ered them a substantial advance over
! the price being paid by the co opera
j tlve concern. Many of tho farmers
I wt're led to accept the price This
| might have been expected Outside
I buyers simply Increased the price un
. til they had drawn off from the co
operative association a sufficient num
' ber of members, so that the concern
( became a failure. Immediately upon
its falluro tho outside buyers dropped
I the price and the famers were just
' where they were previous to the or
ganization of the society. As a pre
ventive of this situation every Danish
oo-operatlve concern pledges each
member to deliver to it his full-out
put.
Tw Laborer Farm?r. J
The greatest cars la taken upon tn , .
farm to protect the quality of the
in'.lk. The veterinarian of the oo-op
erative society visits the farm every
eighth day and irispectg tin- oowh, th?
barna, the equipment, and the feed
Kvery tenth day also the milk is test
ed for butter fat. A record Is kept ?
and each cow/s history 1h fully record- j
ed. it being possible in this way to
weed out the poor cqwh. The mem
bers of the cooperative organization ,
ar? also under the strictest obllga- :
tioiiH to report immediately any tdight
Indisposition of th? cow and to aepa
role the milk of the indisposed cow j
from the other milk.
Contamination of lite milk an well
as the spread of any disease in thus
Well guarded against When 'I"" Riilk
is to be used for hospital purposes or
infant's food the <liet m 'he COW is.
further limited, bo that all feeds
Which tend tp taint jtjl'o milk ?YWV
slightly are excluded. The rows are
tested more frequently for disease
and are kept under cl.Ofror supervision.
All milk is cooled us'hooii as it loaves
the cow and all bacterial growth
cheeked.
Imported Women Laborers,
There are upon (his farm fUtc ii
Polish girls who are comfortably
housed, well fed, and paid a living.,
though moderate, wage. It must be i
noted, however, that they are import
ed laborers, and are not in any sense
immigrants. They do not come to
make a permanent, homo in Denmark, I
but coming In March and April, they j
return to Poland In November or I>e- j
cember. The stay in Denmark is
usually limited to from seven to nine ?
months. It 1b estimated that each!
year about ten thousand farm hands, ;
many of them women, come into the
country fori the busy season. All
agree that this Importation of labor '
is beneficial. The farmers themselves
are loath to put In their time on the !
hard hand labor necessary In. raising
many of the root crops which art' so i
important in this part of the country
and nro glad to get the cheaper for
eign labor when it presents Itself.
Quality of Milk.
Again wo proceed and this time
pick out what is evidently a small
farm. The owner of the fanh, which
is only about six acres in extent, is
one of tlie eleven drivers employed 1
by the local creamery, It' being his '
duty to collect the. milk and return'
the cans and skimmed milk each day :
to the farmers.. His dutTes are not:
-extensive, his wages are? moderate,-'
and lie tinds it necessary to depend
largely upon his little farm for sus
tenance. lie has recently bought
three of his six acres, borrowing the
money for the purchase price, from a
co-operative credit society which i.:i !
aided by the government. Ills Interest
is at the rate of three per cent, per
annum, in addition to which he Ik pay- j
ing each year . a small installment up
on the principal. He had in cash i
when he bought the farm only ton '
per cent, of the purchase price, but ho i
capitalized his character, as is passi- ;
bio- here, end made the flflftxhase. t
Originally a farm laborer I10 under- :
stands thoroughly the principles of
the scientific farmer, lie appreciates
the \utlue of rotation of crops, the nec
essity, for fertilization and all methods ;
of conservation' of the fertility of the
soil.
Upon the next farm live an elderly ?
couple who own three acres from
which they obtain the major part of j
their living, .although the farmer i
spends some of his time In making '
wooden shoes which he sells at a low
price and from which he obtains only ]
a meager amount. In the adjoining j
house we found a farmer who had ,
about four acres. He ekes out his j
support from the. farm aided by a lit-;
tie salary received for acting as sec
retary of a local co-operative society.
None of these three small -farmers
aro at present wholly dependent upon
the farm although each Is looking for
ward to the time when he can secure
a little more land and thus! become in-1
dependent of thc> outside earning. All j
realize that good farming methods are J
necessary to success. All are loyal to i
their co-operative societies, evidently j
believing that, without co-operation
agriculture in Denmark would be an
absolute failure. All have been farm
laborers and all aro indebted to tho
rural credit system for the opportuni
ty to own their farms.
Helper-Town Merchant.
Wo took luncheon in a little village, j
Here the hotel keeper who consented |
readily to an interview upon the sub
ject, fully appreciates that tho welfare
of the villages and cities as well as
that, of the country depends absolutely
upon co-operation. "Anything" which
makes the farmers prosperous helps
us." ho says "When the farmer gets
a krone in his pocket some of us In
tho villages and cities get our share
of it before long." While there had
been originally some opposition to co
operation, particularly when It Includ
ed an effort to buy cooperatively, tho
village business men now realize that
unless the farmer receives a good
price for his product there will be no
money V.i the country and the pros
perity of the village as well as the
country will suffer immediately.
!
NOTICK.
To my friends and patrons thru
out the County: I am now located
In Camden In a largo tent oq cor
nor of Main and DeKalb streets,""
where I will bo pleased to serve
you for anything In tho Photo line.
1 also enlarge pictures,, make any
thing from penny pictures up. Give
mo a rail. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Joe. H. Gaskins, Photographer,
Camden, S. C. 61
Hair* you read tho startling irmha In the Book
FROM THE BALL ROOM TO HELL
A Dancing Master's Kxprrlence. 25c postpaid.
Arent* wanted fvb. Ca., ItulcvHI*. *t
YOUR
Hogs
and be sure to feed them on Rice '
Meal or Rice Bran. Scientific rais
ers claim it is 33 per cent, cheaper
than corn. We have just received
a solid car, and can give you close
prices on any quantity.
The weather is getting warm, but
our prices are still below zero.
MURCHISON
Wholesale Supply Company
TO THE PUBLIC
" ? ? ? ' - ? ' * . . . . ( ' l " ' 1 - -iV
I i II i i mmmmm+mmmmimmmmmmmmmmmmm
We wish to notify the public that the old estab
lished Sam Wing Laundry will be managed hereafter
by W. S. Lee, and we still wish your patronage.
Laundry collected and delivered to all parts
of the city.
SAM WING LAUNDRY
915 % Broad St. Phone 91 Camden, S. C.
NOTICE
To Automobile Owners
Insist on getting GULF REFININd CO.,
GASOLINE. It's Better. Let me show you
or ask the man who is using it.
J. B. ZEMP, Agent
You Can Rest
assured that your prop
erty is insured in Good
Companies evfcry time
you hear the fire alarm,
if WE place the insur
ance. The insurance
policy is just as good as,
the company behind it,
no more, no less: ? if the
company is strong And
pioperly managed, you 11 enjoy prompt settlement of->j
your losses otherwise, ir^ all probability, not.
Our companies will stand investigation on any thest leitntM*
WILLIAMS INSURANCE & REALTY COMPANY
( Incorporated.}
^ /? ^ . 1 T M ' 3
1012 Broad Street Camden, South Carolina -
One
Dollar
i r
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