Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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By ELMO 8COTT WAT80N OLUMBUS DAY this year finds a long-discussed memorial to the great navigator nearer reality than ever before, for an international jury of architects has announced its selection of the prize-winning design for the monumental light house which Is to stand facing the harbor of the City of Santo Do mingo in the -Republic of Santo Domingo in the West Indies. The prize-winning design, a lighthouse In the form of a cross, Is the work of an English archi tect, twenty-four-year-old J. L. Greave of Not tingham, and when the lighthouse Is completed It will be unique among memorial structures throughout the world. And certainly It will be the kind of memorial which Columbus himself would have most desired ? this great beacon which shall safely guide the sailors of both the sea and the air who follow him to his last rest ing place in Santo Domingo. The prize design, according to Frank Lloyd Wright, the Chicago architect and a member of the international jury, not only reflects a monu ment of distinguished and Impressive simplicity, but it presents a memorial form with a purpose. "Anything in the nature of a monument," said Mr. Wright, "Is today somewhat old-fashioned in thought. This happens to be more a memo rial than a monument in that It serves a use ful purpose. Through Its radiated lighting, the Columbus Cross will serve as both a good air beacon and a good lighthouse. As a navigators' and aviators' beacon it has, unlike many other monuments, some reason for existence. The his toric 8 pot chosen for the memorial on Santo Do mingo harbor, not far from the ruins of what was once the palace of Columbus' brother, Bar tholomew, Js an appropriate site for this endur ing symbor'of friendship between North and South America." From its harbor side the lighthouse will be reached by a flight of broad low steps. Accord ing to the design the main entrance carries into a building which, as described by Mr. Wright, becomes a series of high cool canyons, the walls bearing sculptured motifs. Standing in the center of the largest canyon are six small altars. From these altars light is radiated up ward through clefts (in the mass of the struc ture) in the pattern of a cross. It is this light ing System that forms the air beacon. The re volving navigators' beacon (a horizontal beam) wiy 4>e mounted at the center and highest part of the cross. In Its memorial chapel there will be a tomb where the bonen of Columbus, which Rome students believe to be In the Cathedral of Santo Domingo, will be laid. While* the harbor portal may be called the main entrance, there are two others almost as Impressive. They also form part of the setback design of the pyramidal pattern. There 1r a fourth portal at the dlmlniRhlng point of the cross, affording a view of Santo Domingo's avia tion field. A visitor may enter at the harbor aide, and after traversing the several canyons leave by a rear door. A terrace on top of the struc ture, also open to visitors, commands a fine view of the harbor and city. The altars, which stand free and clear down the center of the major canyon, will tell through hns-rellefs the story of Columbus and his Journey of discovery to a Rtrange land. That there is no idea of height In the me morial structure, Mr. Wright considers an im pressive feature of the design. "Here Is some thing finer In the Idea," said Mr. Wright, "some thing a little more natural, a little more organic, a little more a part of the historic plot it is to commemorate. The simple thing, when yon want to mark a spot, is to drive In a post, and In the case of most present-day monuments and sky Rcrapers the higher tl\e post the better. Thin memorial 1b more like making a symbol (in this Instance a cross) on the ground and giving It architectural character that will endnre for cen turies. It In earthquake-proof. In time, the jungle may grow over it, it may disappear from sight, it may be rediscovered. But it will still be a worthy symbol suitably commemorating a great discovery." More than $800,000 has already been contrib uted by this country for the monument, which will cost in the nelghborhod of $l,r>00,(?00. Banto Domingo and several South American cities have Appropriated several hundred thousand dollars for the project, which Is in charge of a com mitteo of the Pan American Union. So after more than half a century of persever ing effort, during which tbe idea of building a fitting memorial to the man who Is universally hailed as the discoverer of America was kept allye by a few enthusiastic Latln-Amerlcann, the dream is nearer reality than ever before In this four hundred and fortieth year since Oo lumbns made his first epochal voyage. The honor of first suggesting the erection of ? treat memorial lighthouse to the eternal glory of Columbus belongs to a son of Santo Do mingo, whose people have for many generations, deftpito their Bmall numbers and limited means, Otfhft 90 much to honor the name of the great bavlgfttor* Don Antonio de Monte y Tejnda of tUbto Domingo, the spot Columbus loved above 1. Christopher Columbus ? After an engraving by T. Johnson from the Lotto portrait owned by James W. Ellsworth of Chicago. 2. The Landing of Columbus In America. ? Painting by John Vanderlyn In the rotunda of the United 8tates Capitol at Washington, D. C. 3. Queen Isabella of 8paln, who provided the money for Columbus' expedition. 4. The Caravels of Columbus at sea. 5. The Earliest Picture of ths Landing of Co lumbus. ? A unique engraving made to Illustrate an Italian poem by Quiliano Dati, printed In Florence In 1493, shortly after Columbus' return. Thle IS from a facsimile of the original in the British museum and Is reproduced here by cour tesy of the Yale University Press, which secured It for an illustration In the volume, "Adventur ers In the Wilderness," In the Pageant of Amer ica series. all other lands he discovered, wrote In 1RT>2: "The time has arrived . . . when the ver dict of posterity should he proclaimed. This ver dict must he as noble, generous, memorable and eternal as his deeds. I^et America proclaim It In unison, find let her acknowledge by all means that the honor of the discovery belongs to Co lumbus; that to him as the Initiator of such great exploits are due the many discoveries that have been made by others to this day . . . and In order that this acknowledgment may bo worthy of the New World, let us erect In the most visible and notable placo in America, In a central point and where It may he visited by travelers as they approach her shores, the statue that his greatness and remembrance demand. "I designate as such a place, (Jape Isabella, on the Island of Illspanlola, because there the first city In America was founded, and let it be designed by the best sculptor and paid with funds raised by popular subscription In all the cities of Europe and America. In order that this symbol may carry within Itself all the attribute* of perpetuity, let there he established in this statue a lighthouse so travelers from the Old and New Worlds may look full of gratitude and emotion toward that venerable Image, when they sight the first land from the sea." Nearly Jtf) yearn after these stirring words were penned, another Dominican asked the na tions of America to co-operate with ancient Illspanlola to the end that a fitting memorial he reared to Columbuft on the spot where he first stepped ashore on American soil. This man was (Jen Oregorlo Luperon, Santo Domingo's great est hero In her war against Spain in Although many statues have been dedicated In different lands to the honor of Oolumbua? one of the most notable being erected In the Plaza of Santo Domingo City which has since been called the Plaza de Colon ? and his ashes have been enshrined In the cathedral In the city of Santo Domingo, yet the Idea of a monumental memorial conceived and built by all the people of America, would not die. At the time (October 12, 1802? the four hun dredth Anniversary of the discovery of Amer ica) that the Santo Domingo government con structed the great monument tlmt now holds the remains of the discoverer and placed It In the cathedral there, their hope was later to move this tomb to an appropriate structure, crowned by a lighthouse. Lack of funds made this impossible, and it was not until 1914 that really systematic labors were begun to bring about the building of the memorial lighthouse to be participated in by all America. The leader In this work was William E. Pul llan, an American, then receiver of Dominican customs, whose labors resulted in enlisting the interest of editors and publicists throughout North and South America. Mr. Pulllan also was the first to appear before the house committee on foreign affairs, where he explained the pro jected memorial and urged the United States government to participate In the proposal to make this testimonial of gratitude of all the Americas to Columbus an assured fact. But International support of the long-sought memorial failed to crystallize until 1023 when the fifth International conference of American states met at Santiago de Chile. Here a reso lution, proposed by the Dominican delegate, Julio M. Cestero, and unanimously adopted, re solved, "To recommend that all the American republics unite to honor the memory of Chris topher Columbus by the erection of a monumen tal lighthouse, which will bear his name on the coast of Santo Domingo, capital of the Domini can republic, and which shall be built with the co-operation of the governments and people of j America and any others who may so desire." On June 27, 1927, the congress of the United States ratified the action, resolving, "that the several states be notified of the desire of the people of the United States to participate in this movement to honor the memory of the great navigator and discoverer." Meanwhile the governing committee of the Pan-American Union, having taken steps to se cure Pan-American co-operation, resolved In ?, April, 1927, "that the Columbus lighthouse be erected on the coast of Santo Domingo, since ? this site Is the most appropriate one for ren dering homage to the memory of the great navi gator. This coast was the flrRt land touched in the Journey which discovered the continent; It was there that the vision of the New World, given to civilization by the genius of Columbus and the zeal of Spain, assumed reality; It was In Hispnniola that Columbus wishes his ashes to rest and there receive the veneration of America, and It Is but Just that the monument , to his glory should be erected on the scene of his fortunes and misfortunes, near the site of the first colonial city and near the tomb where the piety of a nation has for centuries done rev erence to his remains. "And In order that the offering may be more nearly perfect and more genuinely expressive of the significance of the discovery, of the meas ure of progress and well being brought to hu manity by the store of natural wealth on the continent discovered by Columbus, nnd of the contribution of culture brought to civilization by the Intellectual labor of America, the commit tee believes It would be fitting for each Amer ican nation to send In addition to pecuniary con tribution, a portion of earth from Its soil to be deposited at the base of the monument and a product of Its art or Industry to bo used In the building, thereby giving real symbolic signifi cance of what Is most fundamental and most sacred In the national existence of each coun try." The unanimity of thought, labor and expense that animates all the 21 states of North, South and Central America In bringing about the de sign and construction of this great memorial is one more proof? and the greatest ? that Co lumbus holds first place In the hearts of all men. Of almost equal significance to the United States In the further concrete evidence that In building this memorial the Pan-American Union has actually become something more tfi^in a paper union held together by an Imposing build ing In Washington. Further links In the ties which bind Pan-America may In consequence from tl#s unity of effort he expected In the com ing years and these links may well be of the greatest Importance to the Integrity of this na tion. (? by Wontern Ncw?p?p?? Union.) MINNESOTA FARM STRIKE IS BEGUN Iowa and S. Dakota Pickets Leave the Road*. ? Worthlngton, Minn. ? The farm strike has spread to Minnesota and nearly 400 farmers picketed highways lead ing to this city. One clash occurred In which the pickets overpowered a farmer who attempted to run their blockade, unhitched his horses and ran his wagon Into a ditch. Deputy sheriffs rescued the farmer who was attempting to take a load of sheep to market and flnaly es corted him Into town with his sheep. The State Farmers' Holiday asso ciation has been formed by the strik ing farmers who hope to raise prices oy blocking the roads and keeping live stock aod crops oft the market .'or a t?me. Some of the Town farmers were here to Join the Minnesotans, but SherilT Rowe ordered the visitors off the high ways. Sioux City, Iowa. ? The Farmers' Holiday association picketers, who for six weeks have maintained a blockade around Sioux City by picketing north west Iowa, South Dakota and Nebras ?a highways entering the city to pre vent farm products being marketed in their effort to raise prices of farm commodities, have raised the blockade and live stock, poultry, eggs, grain and other products resumed their normal flow Into the city. Iowa picketers left the highways following a meeting here of national officers of the Holiday association, who adopted resolutions frowning on plck ?ting which had resulted in numerous clashes between sheriff's deputies and :he picketers, resulting in demands of ousiness Interests for calling for the militia. South Dakota picketers also gave up their vigil. Nebraska highways have been picketed only spasmodically. A "revolt" against the selling of live stock and grain In all agricultural states of the midwest became the ob lective of leaders of the farm "war" for higher prices. The order, calling on agricultural ists to withhold their live stock and grain until they receive prices equal to production costs went Into effect, out picketing Is frowned upon by lead irs of the movement. This second phase of the agrarian revolt will apply only to live stock and grain. Farmers need not with nold perishable products. Including cream eggs and butter, from market during the next 30 days, but If the prices of these commodities do not reach production costs in that period they, too, will be withheld, the officers decided. Governor White Ends Coal Strike in Ohio Murray City, Ohio. ? Gov. George White's ten-point program for settle ment of the southern Ohio bituminous coal strike wus accepted by represent atives of the miners at a delegate meeting called to ratify an informal agreement reached by mine union offi cials, operators and the governor. Meeting at the call of their union lead ers, miners' delegates voted 72 to 24 for ratification of the peace plan. Their action ended a strike which started February 1, when the opera tors effected a reduced wage scale. The scale stipulated In the govern or's plan is slightly higher than the operators' scale, calling for 38 cents a ton on mnchlne-mined coal and $3.28 a day for laborers. Blacksmiths Think the Horse Is Coming Back Toronto, Ont. ? The International convention of Master Horseshoers, Blacksmiths and Carriage Makers held its forty-second annual session here, confident the work horse Is "returning to stay." J. A. Carlson of Arthur, Iowa, presi dent of the American section of the convention, sold that, though the truck and tractor maintained their lead on main highways, the horse Is coming into Its own off moln rood woys. Demands $1,500,000 on Plagiarism Charge Los Angeles. ? A $l,r>00,000 plnglor fsm suit has been filed against the Fox Film corporation by Corlnne Kwanson, fi screen writer known ns Maria Man nix. She charges that the company ap propriated one of her stories and pro duced It under another title. Killed as He Starts Work on First Job in a Year Posadeno, Calif. ? Out of work for a year, F/Orl Remington, forty-three, got a Job on the FMne canon dam, being built near here for the municipal wa ter supply. Twenty minutes after he started to work n bowlder rolled down nnd fatally injured him. Dry Aff?nt Kill* it Mwn Jefferson City, Mo. ? George Craig, federal prohibition agent, sold a man Identified as Claude Ilrown hod been shot nnd killed by VV. flrncken, How ard county deputy sheriff, during n ??nld on a still near Iloonvllle. Artist Kill* Himifflf New York. ? James Stewnrt Cnrstnlrs, artist, killed himself with poison, lie was found unconscious In his npart ment In the Hlnekstone hotel nnd died In an nmhulance. MAHATMA GANDH! Mahatma Gandhi, Indian nationalist leader, who began a fast "unto death" In Yervoda prison, Poona, In protest against the British settlement of the communal problem. GANDHI BEGINS HIS "FAST UNTO DEATH" Refuses Release From Jail Offered by British. Bombay. ? Despite the pleas of his friends, Mahatma Gandhi, Hindu "saint," began the fast, by which he hopes to starve to deatfi. Gandhi remained in the Yervada Jail at Poona as the fast started, but British government officials said he was free to receive visitors or to leave the prison whenever he wished. Ills decision to die so that the world might take notice of India's plight remained unshaken, although a deputation of Bombay Hindus argued with him In his cell at Yeravada Jail In Poona for three hours, urging him not to make a move that may plunge India into more trouble. The Mahatma has refused to leave his cell or to accept the British gov ernment's offer of conditional release. In response to this offer he replied thnt only by force could they remove him. He plans to starve himself, dragging out the death fast by taking water, to which salt or soda may be added. Gandhi is making the fast In pro test against Great Britain's communal election scheme for India's religious ly divided population. The British plan to provide separate representa tion for twenty years for the Indian "untouchables." Gandhi contends such a course would mean disaster for the nation he loves. General Lejeune Is Badly Hurt by Fall Lexington, Va. ? MaJ. Gon. John A. Lejeune, superintendent of Virginia Military Institute, suffered a fracture of the skull and a broken left arm when he fell in walking down an em bankment on the campus. General Lejeune, a former command ant of the United States Marine corps, was accompanying Col. William Couper, business executive of V. M. I., on a trip to the school power plant, when the accident occurred. He lost his balance and was forced to Jump a retaining wall at the bottom of a hill, striking his head against a pile of wood. Five Killed in Hunt for Woman's Slayer Muskogee, Okln. ? The slaying of a womnn by highwaymen two weeks ago has caused five more deaths ? two ofll I cers and three outlaws ? In the sparse ly settled hill country of eastern Okla homa. Webster Reece, a deputy sheriff, and Find McClain, outlaw, were killed as officers sought the slayers of Mrs. Su sie Sharp. An encounter between offi cers and bandits brought death to An drew McfJInnls, a special deputy sher iff, and to Ky Carlisle and Troy Love, escaped convicts. Colombians Clamot for War With Peru Bogota, Colombia. ? Tens of thou sands of Colombians clamored for war with Peru and went down Into their pocketbooks and their Jewel cases to provide funds to finance It. The senate passed on second read ing a bill authorizing the government to arrange a credit of $10,000,000 for national defense. The action followed a report on the seizure September 1 by Peruvian citizens of the Colombian port, of I.etlcla, on the Amazon. Le tlcla wns ceded to Colombia In th? boundnry treaty with Peru In 15)22. Cinnda to Deport Red? Quebec, Quebec. ? Fourteen alleged Communists, nrrested for pnrtlelpatlon In May day riots In the mining dis tricts of northern Quebec, are to be deported during the first week In Oc tober. Rithop C*nnon'? Son Die* Hampton, Va. ? Dr. VV. H. Cannon, son of Itishop James Cannon, Jr., died at the Veterans' Admlnisl rnt Ion hos pital here, where fie served as an as sistant surgeon, ffe wns thirty eight.