Cheraw chronicle. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, September 16, 1920, Image 3
WARSAW: TOE PARIS OF
POLAND
No other people, In nil the world's
history, hns home oppression so bravely
nod gloriously as the Poles, except
he Jews: and Warsaw, where^the,.
" Russians had to keep a garrison of
200,000 * troops to overawe a city of
3100,000 people," Is to Poland what
Paris Is to France.
Indeed the vivacity, the gn.vety arid
lie quick wit of Warsaw's people are
a constant reminder of Paris; as well
as those deeper likenesses which
spring from Warsaw's ascendancy In
the letters, the arts and the social
graces.
AiT this, ton, fn a city where the
most gruesome tragedies have stalked.
As recently as the years of our own
Civil war the Russian arinv mowed
town thousands of men and v^omen
as they knelt In the snow, singing their
national anthem. Deportations are an
Id story in Warsaw, every effort at
nationalization was followed l?y
slaughter, and hundreds marched the
Jong trail to Siberian exile.
But Poland's spirit meanwhile, became
a synonym for the indomitnbh\.
The success of the Russlfication of Poland
lias been described as the process
of keeping 12.000,000 Poles pinned to
Russia by bayonets. . Politically nonexistent.
for even Poland's name was
expunged from all ofliclal Russian records.
the pre-war Warsaw vied with
world capitals in science, particularly
medicine, in manufacturing, in trade
< and in literature
Though Warsaw betrayed none of
the primness characteristic of Russian
cities, reminders of her by-pone glories
and tragedies were to be found even
before the World war restored her autocracy.
In the Lnzlenkl gardens is a monument
to John Sobieski. who stemmed
the advance of the Turks in Europe, u
figure as picturesque as I'aderewski
who now sees his land a barrier to bolshevism's
westward spread. It was in
16811 that n Turkish force bad thrown
itself in crescent formation around Vienna.
The encampment was no less
threatening because it resembled a circus
rather than a siege, with its herds
of camels, and luxurious tents with
hnths and parrots within and fountains
without.
Mighty events often hinge on slender
circumstances. Sobieski hesitated
because Leopold, Austria's emperor,
first declined to address him as
"Your Majesty." Bqt Sobleski'a heal:
' "TBttiwi is SaW lothwvTf "VnTftshed wHien
he learned that jhe French ambassador
had written to Louis XIV., who
rather tinned for iim ?-npc? a..??
trin, "Don't trouble yourself, Sohieski
ts too fut to sit on n horse and light."
The "fnt man" rode his charger into
the thick of the light. helping hew his
way to where the Turkish grand vi/.trr
stood, and after the Imttle handed
ne of that dignitary's stirrups to an
aide, wftli the command, "Take it to
the queen and tell her that lie to whom
It belonged is defeated and slain."
HOW ANTS CAN HINDER
AIRPLANES
Ants have assumed a new role in
Africn?fliat of enemies of aviation.
Reports ,from surveyors of the proposed
air route from Rhodesia to Capetown
say that ant hills have Interfered
seriously with the placing of
aerodromes.
To understand tills phenomenon one
must understand how ubiquitous is the
ant in South Africn. writes William
Morton Wheeler to the National Ceographic
society. He continues:
"Ants are to he found everywhere,
from the arctic regions to the tropics,
froms timber line 011 the loftiest mountains
to the shifting sands of the
dunes and seashores, and from the
dampest forests to the driest deserts.
Not only do thev outnumber in hull.
Jduals nil other terrestrial animals,
but their colonies even in very circumscribed
localities often defy enumeration.
"One subfamily of the ants, the
Dorylinac, embracing the wonderful
driver ants of Africa and the legionary
aots of the American tropics, are highly
carnivorous, but nevertheless succeed
in forming immense colonies, often
of hundreds of thousands-of indl IdiRils.
This they accomplish by relinquishing
the sedentary habits so
characteristic of *lie great majority of
*nts. They keep moving in long files
through tlie jungles, capturing or killing
all the Insects they encounter, and
ven overrunning dwellings, and, in
their search for cockroaches ami other
vermin, driving out the human inhabitants.
"From time to time these strange
aots bivouac fpr the night or for a j
few days In some hole in the ground,
or under a tree, hut soon continue
their predatory march. Evidently i
they are able to remain carnivorous, ]
und at the same time to develop large
colonies, only because they are nomadic
and can thus draw their food supply
from a large area.
"Certain Individuals, the 'repletes*of
% fltip colony retrain from leaving the
SYDNEY'S FUT
Sydney, about the slz^ of Cleveland
or Detroit, Is the largest city In the
eastern hemisphere south of the
equntor and is destined soon to
reach a population of l,otk),000. It
has a magnificent harbor, ranking
with the harbors of New York city,
Rio Janeiro tnd Hongkong, among the
nest In the world. More than 200
One of water front are available, ,
* 1 . % '
I
.flu' ' - ?
nest and foraging for food and be- I
come converted Into flagons by dls- |
lending the crop to such enormous dimensions
that the abdomen looks like
a transparent bead. In this condition
they bang by their claws from the roof
of the nest chamber and thenceforth
spend nil their lives' receiving liquid
food from the tongues of the foraging
ants, storing It In their crops and re-.
gurgltating it to hungry individuals
when the liquid food supply outside
the nest becomes inadequate.
"This Is, of course, apt to be the
case periodically jn dry regions, so
that we tindythe trud honey ants only
in deserts Use those of the southwestern
states, northern Mexico, South Africu
and central Australia."
TACNA AND ARICA: SIAMESE
TWINS OF
GEOGRAPHY
Tnenn and Arien ! The words are
fast becoming as Inseparable as the'
Hold Dust Twins, the Dollv Sisfers, oq
Mutt anil Jeff. f ;
The regions forqi a territorial bone
of contention among Chile, Peru anil
Bolivia. The provlncA of Tncnu. composed
of the department -of Tacna anil
Arlca, Is shown on maps made In Chile
as the northernmost province of that
country, and on# maps made In Peru
as the southernmost province of Peru,
bordi*cd on the north by the Rio
Satnu and on the east by Bolivia.
Its broad uplands are rich in nitrate,
and on the Bay of Arlca, at the terminus
of one railroad lending to l.n
Pass unit the interior of Bolivia, and
of another running to ports to the
south, the delightful city of Arlca Is
situated, giving the possessor of the
territory a great advantage in South
American affairs from both political
nn^j commercial standpoints., Ilere Is
ample reason why these two South
American republics want It, and why
Bolivia hope's that, in the adjustment,
she will have an outlet to the sea accorded
Iter.
The trouble over this region arose
originally from the fact that, in the
days of the early Spanish settlers, the
country was so vast that a few hundred
square miles more or less made
no difference in the affairs of the colony,
and when the colonies organized
themselves into ' republics they still
were too busy with their internal problems
to bother about where their
boundaries hegairand where they ended.
Thjs condition was true not only
of Peru, Chile nnd Bolivia, but ait most
of the other South American repuljtfcs.
as indicated by the numerous boundary
questions which have been in dispute
during the last decade.
So matters drifted until the middle
of the nineteenth century, when guano
and nitrate were' discovered in this
formerly ignored region. The guuno
alone was then hastily estimated as
worth $120,000,000, not to mention the
nitrate. What friends could be expected
to remain friendly with Such
n mountain of dollurs between them?
Since that time the Peru-Chlle-Bollvla
story has been one of controversies,
treaties, codnter-cliarges and pleblscit^never
taken. ^^ ^
THE MAIL MAN: COURIER
OF CIVILIZATION
Did it ever occur to you that your
city letter carrier, your village postmaster
or your rural route carrier has
a past?
lie is the agent by which the long
arm of Uncle Sain taps your shoulder
one, two, maybe three times a day. yet
he Is so unobtrusive that you probably
do not know him half so well as mostother
agents of your government, the
school teacher or the policeman, for
example.
Hut he not only Is an essential, hut
a historic figure. The history of the
postal service and its employees extends
to the days of the Romans when
the earliest known means of transmitting
a message was by colder. 'These
admirable organizers, the Jtomans,
marked by a "post" the place In the
road where the relay of one runner by
another was effected; thus they named
our system long before it was born.
The first letter post seems to have
existed In the Hanse towns in the
thirteenth century in order to faclli
late relations between the merchants
of the various members of the Hanseat
ie League.
The British post%ofliee had its heginning
in the sixteenth century, and
our own colonial methods of handling
mail were Inherited from our British
forefathers. Long "before the people
had any means of exchanging either
personal or oflicial letters, t lie king had
established a system of conveying Ins
persona! messages and oflicial documents
by royal me" ""gers. In the
reign of King John that petulant monarch
paid out a large sum for a postal
service and charged It to the household
and wardrobe accounts. Messengers
who were tints entrusted with
matters of state had to be above suspicion.
They went the whole distance
and were paid according to the
length and danger of their Journeys.
In New England proposed to
the British sovereign that a postoftlce
system lie established in tlie colonies,
as it was "so useful and absolutely
neeexsnrv." His malestv nniil no ?t
tout ion to the plea, hut Richunl Fair /
hanks, in the same year, set up an
of lice in Huston to receive letters from
ships, lie undertook to deliver the
letters received and charged a penny
fo'r each letter. He also received mail
for out-going ships, hut no one was
forced to send mail through his ortlce.
A thrilling story of the devotion of
mail men to their duties Is thnt of the
pony express, the lirst rapid transit
mall line across the 1.1X10 miles of
prairie, dt*sert, snow-capped mountain
?
URE ASSURED
much of wnlch 1s occupied hy public
parks and private residences, though
ultimately available for commerce If
required. The founders of the city
wisely provided for on abundance of .
open space, now utilized In parks and '
public grounds, with a multitude of excedent
roadways and beautiful trees.
Flower beds are everywhere. Detached
houses are the rule. A* In
t i .
peaks, and alkali wastes between tli?
Missouri- river and the Pacific coast.
It was Inaugurated early in 1800 in
order that the West might be kept
more closely iu touch with the North
In view of the trouble brewing from
the slavery question, and. though It
had an existence of only sixteen
months* It made the East and West
only ten days upart at a time of crisis.
The dnte of starting was to be
March 20, 18(10, nn^ Forts Kearney,
Laramie, llridger, (front Salt Lake
City, Camp Floyd, Carson City, the
Washoe Silver liilnes^ Placerville and
Sncrnmeuto were to be the points of
delivery of mail. In St. Joseph, Mo.,
eager and excited crowds gathered
in the streets to see the first courier,
the wiry, twenty-year-old Johnnie Frey, ?.
us he dashed away on his jet black
steed for the first lap of the race of
tiesh,- blond and determination against
the desolate spaces of an unpeopled
country.
These riders were clad in buckskin
shirts, ordinary trousers, high boots
and soft slouch hnts, and were armed
with sheath knives, Colt's revolvers |
and Spencer carbines. The best time
they made across the trackless waste
was in carrying President Lincoln's
inaugural speech to San Francisco?
seven days and seventeen hours.
c
ir
ADRIANOPLE: A WEATHER ~
VANE OF EMPIRES
Entry~of Urwk troops into Adrianopie
Is un event In secular history fairly
comparable to the Investiture of
Jerusalem by Allenhy's army, for this
Turkish city has for nearly years
been u weuthervane' of world politics.
The rebuilding of the ancient Thraclnn
town of Hadrian, who gave it
his name, signalized a high .point in
the power .of the Itoninn empire. The
decline of Itonie was foreshadowed
some two centuries later when the
Cloths defeated Yalens there and made
their first break through the Uoinati
frontier.
Next Adrianopie was the setting for
the Turk's advent into Europe. There
Murad I. established himself, planned
the capture of Constantinople,v.%und
sent out expeditious to subdue various
Christian peoples. For a time the
European capita^ of the sultans, Adrianopie
was relegated to he tile chief ^
bulwark of Constantinople. There
Turk tlrst met Slav, and there the
Russians finally forced their way to
the Itlack sea l>y a treaty which also ~~
loosened the Turkish hold on the
Caucasus and compelled recognition of
the independence of Greece.
Adrianopie is on the Maritzu?'
Hehrus of Grecian legend, where Or
plieus whs dismembered by the Tliru( Iuii
women; also celebrated, under its
later name, in Rusarian song and
story. It is 137 miles by rail northwest
of Constantinople.
Today the city wears Its past glory
with a sort of shabby gentility, with
no pretension of prosperity but less
squalor than the usual Turkish city.
It possesses the grave of the first
Murud, or Amurath, who was assassl- i
nated In his tent after he had van-,
qulshed nu army of Christian allies on
the Held'rtf'Kosstrvo. 1 ? +
A mosque bearing the name of Sul
tan Itaie/.id recalls that monarch,
whose, first official act was to order the 1
execution of his brother, who was first 1
Ottoman ruler to call himself sultan 1
and whose conquests finally were 4
checked when he was taken prisoner I
by Tamerlane.
Hnt the architectural masterpiece of |
Adrianople Is the Sellmleh. product
of a (.Jreek tribute-hoy's genius, and
relic of the reign of Sellm 11, the Louis
of Turkey.
Yearly the Turks would seize a certain
number of sons of their Christian ||
subjects, and in Siuan they found ?
they had acquired a skilled bridge ^
builder. They allowed him to follow
Ids bent, and the Shahzadeh at ConStnlltillOllN
file knli?illl!in n? Stumlinnl
and the third famed mosque at Adrianople
were given to posterity. The 1
Selhnieh stands upon the 'highest hill ~~
in Adrlanople and four lofty minarets
tower far above a massive dome.
STEEL AFFECTED BY FIRE i
\
Figures Gathered by the United States |
Burea/u of Standards Reveal Sta- |
bility of Structure.
Some interesting figures relating to |
the behavior of structural steel at the |
high temperature of ordinary fires g
have been given by the* United States M
bureau of standards. Naturally, the ||
strength of steel at high temperatures %
has a very important hearing upon 1
the stability of a structure winch may |
be subjected to fire. Without any pro- K
lective covering, steel columns fail |!
after only it) or In minutes of expos- gi
ure to temperatures such as are p
reached in ordinary fires. Resistance |
can he greatly increased by the use of |
coverings of brick, concrete, plaster,
tile, etc., to such an extent that ?:pl- j|
limns so protected are unaffected after lis
several hours' exnosure to m
bent. says the New York Evening 1
Post. |]
Tests have been made to determine ?
the compression strength of specimens
of structural steel when heated in an
electric furnace to temi>eratures corresponding
to dull red beat (1.100 degrees
Fahrenheit) and loaded tip to y
20,000 pounds per square inch. It was
found that structural steel loaded to '
10,000 pounds per square inch falls at ~~
about 1,075 degrees Fahrenheit, and
under n load of 20,000 pounds per
square incli failure occurrf >at 025 degrees
Fahrenheit. For practical consideratlons,
however, the limit of utility
may he regarded as reached at m
temperatures of about 1.10 degrees
Fahrenheit below those given uhovo.
* p
other cities of Australasia, a very
large share of the population Is loeated
in suburbs, with abundant rootn.' *
Rule to Attain Old Age.
Sir George Held said: "I have aimed
at health and happiness, and when con- ^
fronted by a formidable obstacle I have
first tried to knock It over; failing In J11
this, to got around It; if not to get '
under it; and If These maneuvers Xj
failed I have been content to lie* down
iu Its grateful shade, lauding It as a fl
beautiful blessing in disguise''
' * I
Doughboys Brit
jjpj^wyw
;: jjHB^H ^^SVjflFd
9B ;7Mtiy[ ? j8lmM3S>
AWI^B /S?v^Wk\
American soldiers from the ar
ort Pochnhontns. Some of the brid
hildren, children of their former em
~ Building h
The Chicago Housing-nssoclatlr
auiMios which had nowhere to live c
lid the tenant pays rental of about $
ost.
-vPolish
Women Fig
SiC
rJr# Pte
This photograph, sent from Warwi
a that city, shows members of the
etpecl to defend their city, laving tl
On Their Way t<
mmmzmmmmmagSQ} ^
1^^ ffigt ' $
^ jagi ipi^
4gy^w| MP"u - ^ ^HH
' ' '4 .
The wife anil three children of i\
viiHum N. lliiskcll as dlrocior of m?j
'ho have sailed to Join liim in Tiflls,
WORTH KNOWING
Ancient Romans used gold dust to
mvder their hair.
A new Belgian law prohibits the
anufaeture. sale or keeping In stock
f matches containing phosphorus. ,
IG RICE SURPLUS IN CHINA
10,000,000 Worth of Grain 8tored in
One City; American Buyers
Hold Back.
Hongkong.?Hongkong has been
locked with rice bought for export
nd held for a rise In prices even durthe
rice shortage, which has beime
serious In some cities of southern
hlna arid other parts of the Orient.
The manager of a big commercial
rm hefe estimated that there was
t M
^yjp^i^B SeiwtiMw^ J'^jfo^jftjj
my of occupation with'their Gorman hi
os wore war widows and some of the s<
allies.
lomes for the Chicai
>n has undertaken a great social experl
iwing to the house shortage in that cit
a month which is applied on the pu
hters Enjoy a Rest
iWfct '"'** S m
/xjOw"'
^ppl^
w after llio bolshevik! started the drivi
I,ej; I on of Polish Women, lighters win
leir feet after a hard day's march.
> Help Armenians
N ^ * ; ^
upt. Krnest A. Yarrow, successor to Co!
ir oast relief activities 1 it tlu? Caucasus
Georgia.
There arc more motors for hirethuti
private cars in Japan.
Mexico is now exporting oil at the
j rate of 1.12,000,000 barrels annually,
j During a recent morning fog about
I .".00 tons of solid matter was deposited
| on I.cndr"
nore than $10,000,000 worth of Salgoi
"long" rice stored In Hongkong.
Recently the price fell rnpldly ant
dealers and exporters found them
selves hauled up with rice while tht
hanks were pressing for the payment
of hills. Japrth was not ahle to buj
owing to the tightness of her mone.i
market, and it was stated that Amer
lea, ordinarily one of the largest buy
ers of rice In this market, has ceasec
to purchase because she had ohtalnei
a sufficient supply.
Thero were food riots in Shangha
_ ?i V
tome With Them
:v- v><>
SHE #
r
rides arriving In New York 011 the trii
jldier bridegrooms brouglit back, as s
jo Homeless
Intent In the erection of many homes
y. The homes tire of brick, two stor
inclinse price. The house is sold ait cj
WINS PRIZE FOR HAIF
Mrs. Lottie Shanks, who won I
prize in a "hair" competition at
moiulsey. Kntrhmri. This is the sec
t,itne slie inis won n lirst prize for
long tresses.
OLDEST WEST POINTE1
J A
III
jM pio ?'\
.J
, ltrlg. (ion. Ilorntlo ftlbson, Ofi y<
old. the oldest living graduate of V
f Point, and his daughter, Mrs. dor
I I \V. Wallace. Ilo is president of
1 Aztec Club of 1847
? In the latter part of June owlnf
the high prices of rice there,
j June 20 there was only a four d
supply of rice avalluhle in Shung
, ?
t Where the Dead Exceed the Llvli
j Wilmington, O.?Wilmington's
t of the dead has a greater popula
than Wilmington's city of the llv
- according to census figures. T1
1 are fi.071 sleeping the long sleej
1 Sugar drove cemetery while Ui
Ram's enumerators counted only S
1 persons living In the town.
irioME m
town H
HELPSg,
LIFE IN SMALL TOWN BEST
Has Many Advantages Compared to
the Hurry and Bustle Inflicted
on City Dweller.
I do not think that where a man
livea has anything to do with his progression,
as progression is hereditary
and it is not caused by environment,
writes a correspondent of the Pittsburgh
Dispatch. The idea thut a hoy
* must go to the city to acquire fame
is becoming u tiling of the past, for
people of tliis world are beginning to
realize that progression may mean
many tilings?among them progression
|p in tilling tiie soil as well as progrenc&i
sion in politics.
The most progressive men in the
ins- world are the men who go to muke
bp- up the little towns, for they are generally
the steady, reliable, sensible fel
lows, who do not pine for the excitement
and the glare of a life fn a big
city. Small town men are the rock
upon which this great country is most
^ securely built. They are the wholesome,
true-blue scents, who are big
enough to live the simple, little town
life, and their quiet nerves hold our
country balanced. The city man is a
bunch of nerves compared with the
man from the village. His days are
spent in dodging automobiles in the
streets, hurrying from place to place,
trying to bent the other fellow at making
money, and after a day of being
I "on the jump" he goes to the theater
and does not get home until morning.
Then he sleeps five hours and Is ready
to go through the same performance
again. Little Town Man goo* to bed
jjt 10 after an evening at the movie
fOid at 0 is ready to get up and begin
his day. The """I'lt ry Jake" is no
longer a person to b?- laughed at, but
a person to be envied, and many of
our greatest so-called progressives are
f()P going back to the "simple-life."
les.
REASONS FOR OWNING HOME
? Advantages Are Many, Quite Apart
^ From the Economic One Declares
an Eastern Writer.
Thorp nro many upsetting clrrum|j
stances In the world, against which
| house ownership Is a sort of insurance.
|| If I had not owned iny home last fall,
f|": and had hy nny chance been thrown
i| out by the old landlord. It would have
1.1 been a very serious Job to find what I
jgt wanted In the present market. I have
i:j known men and women to put In weeks
In the search. Houses are often sold
Jl over one's head. Estates have to be
? settled. All kinds of things happen,
jig Perhaps your small hoy disturbs the
|f landlord, who In turn nuikes it dlsi|
agreeable for you. Such possibilities
. are put to rest by actual ownership.
[' |f If one htm > a we Hons ?l?? ^
! family, what an assurance It Is to;
know that you cannot be disturbed;
^ that this is your castle.
For such reasons as these, quite
ji npnrt from the economic ones, I believe
A every man of settled habits should
g own ills own house, and that this Is
as a good a time ns any to proceed to
ijt that happy realization.--Robert IAncoln
O'Brien in Boston Herald.
s
Many City Managers.
I ' United States now has about 190
I - city managers. The number is grow|
j-| Ing steadily, and i4ty mnnagershlp has
It") now estnl)llshcd itself ns a profession.
& One of these managers has nd ,'i;
vajieed step by step from the job of
| directing a small city in Michigan to
$ wising marge or city matters in
Dubuque, la., at a salary of $8,000 n
year. .Tills is the only instance of
llrst ,,irw promotions thus far recorded,
Uy. hut three city managers have been adond
vancP(l td least once.
Iu,r The highest salary the profession as
yet commands is $12,000, paid by Norfolk,
Va. Dayton and Akron, 0?
Grand Itaplds. Mich., and Wheeling,
R \V. Va., are among the larger cities
now operating under city manager
charters.
Earthworms in Lawns.
Earthworms in lawns and gardens
can he poisoned with bichloride of
mercury poison. Make a stock solution
by dissolving one ounce In two
gallons of water. To use, dilute two
v\ quarts of the stock solution in ">0 gulV;
Ions of water and in the evening
|i?? i sprinkle this over about a thousand
J. square feet of lawn. The ground
should bo moist when this is done. The
\ worms will come out during the night
! and will never go back. Bichloride of
i mercury (corrosive sublimate) is a
t deadly poison and therefore must be
used carefully.
Have Reserve of Grass Seed.
It Is a good plan always to have a
reserve supply of grass seed on hand
P i to sow when needed, for hare spots
j may appear throughout the year. If
the soil Is light and subject to injury
rom (irougoi, winic rmvrr sunuiu DP
sown. It mats together In a short
time, providing a closer woven blanket
<J. lo prevent the evaporation of water
from the soil and Is considered a better
resistor of drought than many of
the grasses. It Is easily started.
?nrs City Manager for Colorado Springs.
t'est Colorado Springs at a special elec>rge
tlon adopted the city manager form
the of government, t? become effective
next April, It Is announced.
f (f> Casus Belli.
In an Irish- case of a domestic riot
n . Involving much Injury to person and
urnnnrt v o tvltnoco In i l?o ?
'hHl ? "" < "?i w *
vivid narrutlve swore as follows: "He
says to mo. 'Is that your father?" And
n?- I says to him. 'It Is mo father.' And
rtty he says, 'It Is well yon told me. for I
('on thmight he was nn ould gorllly,' and
htg, then the fight began, me lord."?From
tere the Argonaut.
? In
nc,e Texas Rich In Peanuts.
.037 Texas produces $20,000,000 worth
of peanuts a year.