Cheraw chronicle. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, April 01, 1915, Image 3
HOW TO CONSTRUCT
*!. ' I
v.
Detailed Illustration
The safest and surest way of getting
an early start with many plants
is by the use of hotbeds. These can
be constructed by two-inch planks
nailed or bolted together in tlm form
of a rectangular box, generally tax feet
wide and as long as desired. The box
should be so made that when the bottom
is level, the sash will slope one
' * Ul-V ...411 MA1.A 14.
JUV.U tv IUC 1UUI, WHICH will Ulttttc Ik
six inches higher on one side than on
9 the other. This slope permits the sun's
rays to enter more freely and allows
water to run off quickly. The bed
should be located on a southern slope
if possible and run east and west, with
the lower side of the frame toward
the south. If a southern exposure
t cannot be secured, a windbreak may
be constructed on the north side and
the ends to shut off the cold winds
from these directions. The beds should
also be near the bouse and near a
plentiful supply of water in order that
the plants may be carefully and easily
cared for.
Common stable horse manure con"
taming no litter, mixed with from onethird
to one-half the amount of straw
or leaves, is used for providing the artificial
heat Straw or leaves should
be added to prolong the heating pe*
ripd of the manure and to keep it from
heating too violently. The manure is
gathered fresh from the stable, piled
up, and allowed to heat. When heated
through it is forked over and allowed
to heat again. During the heating it
should be kept under shelter, as heavy
drenchings make it almost worthless.
After it is well heated through the
second time, it is put in the hotbed
excavation almost to the sash level,
care being taken to spread it evenly
and to have the corners well filled.
. After the manure has again warmed up
it should be firmed by tamping. The
bed is now ready for the soil.
, FIGHTING THE CROP INSECTS
One of Beet General Preventives of
injury Is Rotation?Discourages
r?* - ? .. Cornstalk Bocst_^_
Rotation is one of the best general
preventives of Injury from insects affecting
field crops. Experience has
shown that where corn haB followed
itself upon the same field for two or
more years there has been , a mtich
greater loss from cornstalk borer
than where an annual change of crop
has been practiced. This is especially
noticeable where stalks or stubble
from the previous year have been al
lowed to remain unaisiuroea unvuguout
the winter.
The moths, upon emergence In the
spring, finding themselves surrounded
by the young corn. begi". egg laying
at once, and escape tfhe dangers encountered
in searching for another
field of corn. A forced journey in
search of young corn results in many
. of the females being eaten by birds
or being destroyed because of rain,
cold, or failure to find the object of
their quest. A few moths *111 always
% succeed in their search, but the successful
proportion will be greatly
decreased by persistent crop rotation.
1
HARROW FOR WINTER GRAIN
Not Advisable When Work Cannot
Be Done at Right Time?Reasonable
to Expect Dry Period.
Harrowing wheat is advisable if the
work can be done at the right time,
and if there is a crust on the surface
ot the soil, and the soil is dry. It is
not advisable to harrow wheat when
K is wet, or if the work cannot be
done at the right time. The best way
*- J- 4 v ~ """.if to tn 11 sa a hpc
IU UU IUC nuin .o w _
toothed harrow and run lengthwise
of the drilled rows of the wheat. The
work is best done when the wheat
first begins to grow in the spring or
before it Ij much more than six
inches high.
if the grain is too thick, harrowing
will frequently give a good increase
in yield, particularly in dry
seasons. In favorable seasons when
there is plenty of rainfall, harrowing
will have little effect. It is safest
to take this precaution, for no one
can tell what the weather conditions
will be, and it is reasonable to suppose
that there will be a dry period
before the crop is matured.?Department
of Agronomy, Oklahoma A and
M College, Stillwater.
DIVERSIFIED FARMING SURE
Delieved That Acreage Can Be Re-1
duced to Betterment of Land and
Profit to Farmer.
Intensive farming carried out to the
letter calls for specialization, and
there is danger of not being successful
one year with another.. Diversified
farming is always the surest. Under
these circumstances It is helieved that
on many farms the acreage can be
reduced to the betterment of the land
and a larger profit obtained by the
owner.
AND USE A HOTBED
I
WK.... ' ? . of
Plan for a Hotbed.
Five or six inches of rich soil c
tainlng much humus and sand i
then placed upon the manure, a
after the temperature of the soil t
dropped to 90 degrees F. the seed it
be sown. The bed should be prepai
early In the spring. A good soli
hotbed purposes may be prepai
eight or nine months before it is to
uBed, by making a compost heap c
slsting of layers of grass sod and ba
yard manure. This gives a loose, rl
soil very well adapted to hotbed wo
On warm days the bed should
ventilated to make the plants gr
stocky and prevent them from wilti
In watering the aim should be
water thoroughly, but not often. 1
practice of adding a small amount
water each day should never be I
lowed, as it encourages the growth
insects and diseases, and benefits I
plant but little, since the moiBti
does not reach the roots.
A week or ten days before the ti
to transplant into the field, or earll
if the weather permits, the si
should be removed during the da7
harden off the plants. It is also
good plan to stop watering at t
time, and then wet down thorougl
just before taking to the field.
Different materials are used for c
ering hotbeds. A cheap and qu
common one is light canvas or hei
sheeting which has been oiled,
more substantial covering is the t
bed sash, which is coming into \
more and more, as it is more relia
to control the temperature with m<
certainty. .
A cold frame differs from a hotl
in that no artificial heat is used. Tl
are usually started and t^e seed so
the last of March or first of Ap
Otherwise their construction and ?
is the same as that given above
hotbeds.
POPULAR TREE IN THE SOU'
Persimmon Attains Greatest Perf
tion in Eastern Tennessee?Ciosel
Resembles Apricot
(By A. D. DART.)
Id England the persimmon tree
often cultivated for the beauty of
dark green foliage, but the fruit s
dom reaches maturity in that clima
The long, warm summers south
Mason and Dixon's line, followed
several frosty nights, render this fr
very sweet and palatable.
Both in color and shape It closi
resembles the apricot, being about
inch and a half in diameter, w
a bright orange-yellow color.
In eastern Tennessee the fruit
said to attain its greatest perfectic
rrw
Fruit-Bearing Branch of Peralmm
Tree.
there, in the autumn, 'Simmon be
'possum and 'simraon sauce, aro
garded with the same favor that t
key and cranberry sauce are in Ni
England. ?
Many animals, both wild and dom
tic, such as cows, horses, dogs, rabbi
raccoons and opossums are very fo
of the fruit.
It is a well-known fact that dogs w
sometimes camp by the hour undei
persimmon tree waiting for "sob
thing to drop."
FIELD PEAS AND COWPEJ
Latter Crop Requirec Hot Climate a
Conditions of South for Proper
Development
(By ALV1N KEYSER. Colorado Expc
ment Station.)
A great deal of inquiry comes
the agricultural college in regard
cowpeas. It may be well to call
tention to the fact that there is i t
ference between cowpeas and fli
| peas. Cowpeas are really bea:
v,uwpeas is a ciup wuiwu is giunu
the South. It requires a hot clima
and hot conditions for its developme
It will not thrive at all in cool wea
er and the least frost absolutely ki
itField
peas on the other hand t
true peas and will stand a very gr<
deal of cold. They are not injured
slight frosts. They grow better
cool climates where the days are r
atively cool %nd the nights quite co
LIVE-STOCK-FRUIT - DAIRYINB-fiAMEHI
Now Wrinkles FAR
a " - AND
Progresslvs
Agriculture J FIEI
TOLD IN ?N INTERESTING MUNEI El
'
WRONG PRACTICE WITH SOWS To
First Psre-Bred Sow Is Usually Put - Ohi
on- \ ,n Pen by Her8e,f? Petted and
ire ^ Generously Overfed.
? J
It seems almost natural for me pur- y
ia8 chaser of his first pure-bred sow.jjln
his desire to give her extra care, to the
e overfeed her, to keep her away from tair
the other hogB, put her in a close ity,
? pen, where she is petted and fed at ter
regular meal times, and lunch be* and
on" tween in some instances, in thelc^ tur<
ra* anxiety to do the very best for her
y* possible. per;
This method of treatment is sure to jnR
be ruin the sow, both in the feeding and ied
ow la the close confinement, preventing,
Dg* her from taking the necessary exer- -ai^
110 else, so needful to the proper strength* pro
he ening and building up on a solid g
?' foundation and to harden her in de- ??ga
r?l* veloping her, giving her a good cone
of stitutlon, broadening her and
strengthening her with the exercise, ^
lr0 which is also imparted to her comiiia jng
litter. t3or
m? The parlor sow, with her pettings
er? and care, is nearly always a failure, jt j,
ish and the party is wondering w^y it la,. E
t0 writes William Carruthers fin Orchard waf
1 a and Farm. It is the wrong method
throughout. It is unnatural anrf al* bl_:
My most certain to reBult in failure of t^6
the sow. t0
ov* Feeding when properly done, com- ^
'ite blned with exercise, is the proper ^
ivy idea. Feeding of the right character . j
A is essential; it needs to be regular,
tot* at uniform times, and with plenty <jf
use water and proper exercise, is the power PA
0,0 that is depended upon 10 aeveiop ?uu
ore improve the breed. The feeder is as Dev
important man in the destiny of the.
>ed hog and should understand the busi- ;
ley ness and act according to reason and < '
wn the experience that is taught from Ij
ril- those who have made a success of it.i any
*r?; ' j ter
COMMON DISEASE OF SHEEPjjJjJ
~ Animals Afflicted With Foot y?bli
In Should Be Removed to Clean, Dry
Lands and Trouble Attended To.
y The first thing to do for sheep wftfalSfc
foot Jot is to get them on to
hlghflry finds. Thelr"*fwfsPWP jg^l
|8 then be examined and any foreign matJtg
ter between the tpes, which may be ag- \al
iel gravating the case, removed. All toT
te ulcers containing pus should also bq |M
Qf opened and the pus drained off.
by The next thing to do is to apply
uit strong disinfectants to kill the trouble
some parasites. Ointments made of a
?1 j lard or lard-and-flour body, with caran
bolic acid or sheep dip in generous
ith proportions incorporated, are sometimes
used for this purpose. This is..^
is applied after the foot has been thoi^
in; oughly bathed and cleaned up. This \
treatment requires considerable time
and effort and is not practical In large <
flocks. * r
| TRIMMER FOR HORSE'S FEET
Tool, Resembling Pair of Pliers, Invented
by Idaho Man, Neatly Re- |
moves Superfluous Growth.
For the neat and expeditious trimming
of a horse's hoof, an Idaho min
recommends a tool that he has patented.
It resembles a pair of pliers
with an extra joint. A pair of cutting
^ jaws are pivoted together and to each
of the jaws an arcuate rack is pivoted. ^
I These racks, which constitute the in- arrj
S ner ends of the handles and have stop
| shoulders beyond them, mesh with .
? each other on their inner faces. The ? '
^ rack members are held together by a
on yoke that has rollers on both sides, .
so that it moves readily back and .
forth. This allows complete freedom
er, of movement of the various parts of g&n
re- the tool, yet keeps the intermeshed .
ur- teeth of the racks from slipping out of can
ew place and making the implement use- arfi
less. The cutting jaws are operated
es- over the top of the hoof.
t?. ? AV
Dl EXCELLENT HINTS ON HORSES Tw
ill
a Intelligent Management Is Essential
Qe. Point?Don't Sacrifice Quality to
Size?Time for Water. *
uut
The essential point in using pure- jf
\S bred draft mares on the farm is intel- per
ligent management. mu!
nd The last 200 pounds we can put on fou
a young draft horse is the most profit- p0U
able 200 pounds of meat we can pro- pou
duce on the farm. p
irl* No drawing card holds out quite
to ?uch strong inducements to good hired fat
to men as the farm that maintains high- pou
at- class work horses. H
lif. It is a great mistake to sacrifice this
al<j quality to size. rec<
ng. A horse is worth just what he can tha
in endure for his owner. the
te. Many farm horses get more hay
nt. than is good for them. It is a poor
th plan to keep their feed racks or i
lit manger full of hay all the time. equ
A horse watered the last thing at a ^
ire night and the first thing in the morn- j
iat ing is not going to take too much. to ,
by atn
in In the greater issues now occupying
el- public attention, the passing of the to *
oL hobble skirt hardly attracts a com- inv
ment on its well-deserved doom. 8et:
IN8-FIIL0 CROPS-SILOS-PIGS
M Making the I I
Farmers'
Business
jj^ Profitable
(PRiSSLY FOR OUR READERS
W TEMPERATURE IS BEST
. \
im Should Not Contain More Than
Two-Thlrde of Ita Capacity to
Insure Good Butter.
fhen ready to churn care should be
en not to put too much cream In
churn. The churn should not con*
i more than two-thirds of its capacMuch
weak and short-bodied but*
is caused by overlpading the churn
I! churning at the wrong temperaJ.
Salvy, mottled and streaked
ter is often due to on uneven temature
of the wash water used dur*
vthe working process. A good bodbutter
is usually Inspired by a low
iperature, but a. high temperature is
oat sure to cause a weak bodied
duct
ometimes butter is difficult to
ther," especially when a combined
rn is being used. The grain of the
ter seems to be worn out by the
is of partly gathered butter poundand
pouring over the inside ports
of the churn and by the worker,
whpn the butter Is finally worked
* brittle and weak bodied.
?o not have the temperature of the
ih vary very much from that of the
ter, but if the butter comes at so
h. a temperature as to make it soft,
wash water must be cold enough
harden the butter, so that it will
r working without overworking or
troylng the grain of the butter and
ing it a salvy appearance.
1L AND STOOL COMBINED
dee Recently Invented Acts at Receptacle
for Milk and Good
8eat for the Milker.
x the dairy where the herd is/of
considerable proportions tbe matof
getting around among the anils
at milking time is one of some
gnitude and anything of the nature
in innovation, which will facilitate
i operation and at the same time
Ice for cleaner milk, will get a %elie.
A combined stool for the milkend
receptacle for the milk has been
Mjtly Invented with this object A
jy^gewfl^^larger than a buqfcq^
ropporto^ett four legs and reSm
:ed for the purpose of supporting
weight which it is called upon
dp. The top is covered and the
acts as a seat for the operatdh
Pail and S?at Combined.
oduced near the top is a funnel
ingement having an outlet spout
1 an inlet opening. As the milk
irawn from the cow it flows into
can through this funnel extension,
s apparatus relieves the dairyman
the necessity of carrying both the
>1 and milk can, as he must do unordinary
circumstances and at the
ie time the milk passing so directfrom
the source of supply to the
i, the possibilities of contamination
greatly reduced.
ERAGE PRODUCT OF A COW
0 Hundred and Forty Pounds of
Butterfat Should Be Produced
in Year From Animal.
1 good dairy animal should pro
e 240 pounds of butterfat a year,
she produces a milk testing five
cent fat her production of milk
3t be 5,000 pounds. If the milk is
r per cent it is equivalent to 6,000
inds and if three per cent to 8,000
:nds.
I the cow is dry six weeks out of
year her daily average of butterwill
be about three-fourths of a
ind.
f the herd can be made to average
i amount daily it is an excellent
ord to maintain. There are herds
t will average more than this, but
y are few and far between.
Dairy vs. Poultry.
'he cows will return money, or its
ivalent, each day in the year, and in
ay it will be less worry than to get
from poultry. A cow isn't as easy
9top in her milk flow as a hen is to
p in her egg flow, nor is she as hard
jet back to the normal. The money
ested is much greater, so this off
3 that to some extent.
HOW TO CARRY LIVI
W^r
Right and Wrong V
"A. bird in the hand" is an ancieni
phrase?but it makes a lot of difference
how the bird is handled. Especially
is this true with the poultryman
who breeds any of the heavier strains
of hens, ducks and geese. It is just
as easy to carry a fowl properly, and
much safer and wiser besides. Here
are a few suggestions by J. O. Halpin,
secretary of the Wisconsin' Poultry as
soclation:
-Carry a duck by the neck as indicated
in the picture. Don't grab it by
the wing or the feet Ducks, like pup
pies, can stand being handled by the
scruff of the neck better than to have
their weight suspended from one wing
or their feet, which are rather frail.
Pekin, Rouen and Aylesbury ducks and
MMHIiMi
Right and Wrong VI
t/WN/WVW\AA/WWW>A/V\/VNAA^/V
nni^rnn finnpacHiOK?
Care 8hould Be Taken V> 8ee That the
Little Fellows Have Coops of
Proper 8lze.
As the chicks Increase In size, care
should be taken to see that they have
the right accommodations; they grow
rapidly, and a coop that has beeu
large enough for them when young
soon becomes too small. The chicks
at this time do not require the close
care that they did when younger, and
so this danger may be overlooked, in
which case ill health, malformations
and stunted growth among Individuals
will probably result.
The writer has found that the best
way to overcome this difficulty is to
have larger coops of brood houses to
replace the smaller coop'p; these are
made big enough to accommodate two
or three broods of the growing chicks,
says a writer in an exchange. Threefourths
of the front, thiB being the
upper section, is covered with mesh
wire netting, to allow of plenty of
fresh air; but the back and sides are
closed, so there can be no drafts.
A small door is provided In the
front of the coop for the purpose of
shutting up the chicks at night This
saves the trouble of closing two or
three coops, as wouia De necessary u
a larger coop were not used.
SOUND ADVICE FROM MAINE
Pertinent Remarks From Experiment
Station on Poultry House Hygiene
and Sanitation.
The Maine experiment station, in a
very excellent bulletin on "Poultry
Diseases and Their Treatment"
makes some very pertinent remarks
about poultry house hygiene and sanitation,
in which the spraying machine
finds a use.
The thing of paramount importance
in the hygienic housing of poultry is
cleanliness. By this is meant not
merely plain, ordinary cleaning up, in
the housewife sense, but also bacteriological
cleaning up; that is, disinfection.
All buildings and structures of whatever
kind in which poultry are housed
during any part of their lives should
be subjected to a most thorough and
searching cleaning and disinfection at
least once a year. This cleaning up
should naturally come for each different
structure at a time which just pre
cedes the putting of new stock Into
this structure.
Select for Hardiness.
Selecting for hardiness should be
the main object, health and vigor to
be given the preference in selecting
each individual. The weakest and
most useless of a flock should be
weeded out as soon as possible.
Proud of His Job.
An old rooster will settle the scraps
amotg a pen of cockerels and appear
proud to do it
E POULTRY PROPERLY
'
b V
ILli
m W- \ ,: : . y^gM .
WfcM* . /Mjff/K W
jsA KjI|\iL
l/av of Carrvina a Duck.
: all such heary market types should always
be handled In this manner by
careful poultrymen. *
i Heavy hens with full crops should
i never be seized by the legs and swung
; head down. Neither should they be
I tilted up In the clumsy way shown. In
i the picture. They should be so grasped
, that their wings are confined closely A
and securely under the arm of the per*
son carrying them, but above all /
> things an easy and natural position
means more comfort and less strug*
. gllng and Injury to the bird and poi* ' *
i slbly the man as well. Flopping wings
i and scratching claws often do harm ^
; human skin and eyes. A little careful / f. .
handling will do away with this dan { v" '
ger. f
ray of Carrying a Hen.
| KEEP PmHTBJf HOUSE CLEAN /
Thorough Overhauling Needed to 0?
troy Uce and Mltee?White waabIng
la Recommended.
i To get rid of lice and mites and stay \ *
i rid of them the poultry houses must
' be kept clean. Take out the roosts,
. nest boxes, dropping boards and other
; fixtures and give the houses a thori
oughly good whitewashing. Qet it Into 1
\ the cracks, for that's where the mites
1 stay, when they are not on the hens. i
Paint the roosts, nest boxes and other
i fixtures with kerosene before putting
i them back. If crude carbolic acid Is
added to the whitewash and kerosene
; it will be so much worse for the ver}
min. Use it at the rate of about a pint
i to five gallons of whitewash, and about
> the same amount to a gallon of keroi
sene. If the house has a wood floor
scatter air-slaked lime over it and
. sweep it well into the cracks. Don't
i use fresh lime, because the hens may
pick some of it up and it might kill
' them.
i < This thorough overhauling of the
hen houses should be repeated at Ini
tervals of a month or so until the ver- *
min are destroyed. And it should be
done three or four times a year anyhow,
because lice and mites will get
into a hen house if it is neglected.
Swallows going in and out of the
houses provide one source of "infection."
LURE OF POULTRY INDUSTRY
Care of plrda Is Inherent and Attractive
to Wealthy People a? Well
as ins rooren.
. " *
There is something in the care of
birds, from a canary to a goose?or it
may be even an ostrich?that attracts
people. Why, we cannot telL It la
simply inherent and is attractive to
i all kinds of people, and this is why
poultry raising is taken up by the rich
man as an agreeable" way to invest
money and some of his time, and the
business and professional men a* an ;
exhilarating change from their respective
duties, and after a time a source
of profit. The poultry industry is a * '
great proposition today. Some writer
declares that our emblem should be
the "Industrious Hen," not the "Warlike
Eagle." But, after all, be the '
poultry keeper a wealthy man of
leisure or a washerwoman with a
back yard scarcely large enough to v :
hold her washtub and her poultry, the
keeping of poultry resolves itself at
1 ??a Ar/Hnei^r nvnfvjlav Knaf.
littSL 1111U lUl' wiuiuoi ' v...,,
ness of keeping aright, buying and
selling, if there be any progress connected
with it?and there should be.
' , - }
Warm Nest Is Best ^
A warm sheltered nest adds much *
to the chances of the early sitter hatch*
ing well. '
? ; ;'c
Please the Customers.
Study the wants of each customer*
and plan to meet them. 'y
' 1