Cheraw chronicle. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, March 11, 1915, Image 11
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| PUN FOR MORE ECOI
A Fine Herd <
(By R. O. WEATHER8TONE.)
In all sections where dairying is being
conducted cattle foods are each
year becoming more costly and every
dairyman should make every effort to
reduce the cost of his cow feeds.
Instead of feeding hay that is worth
fifteen dollars a ton he should replace
a large portion of it with ensilage,
which can be raised chiefly
by machine labor.
Instead of supplementing a poor
pasture with purchased grain foods
he should raise oats and peas, green
COPTl nnH nftior trroon onllln.
? Qt VUII DVU1U5 CI W|/0<
Instead of buyiDg fattening foods
like corn meal he should buy milkproducing
foods like bran, cottonseed
meal and gluten meal. As a rule It is
most profitable to buy the kind that
will produce the most protein at the
least cost.
Make the business as self-supporting
as possible by raising as much ol
the feed for the dairy as your farm
and circumstances will allow.
Many of the failures in dairying are
due to the fact that farmers 'dlsre
gard these points and go out and buy
grain foods without discriminating
judgment.
To keep good cows and feed then
good, wholesome food in abundance
and provide this food cheaply Is ab
solutely necessary If we make & sub
st&ntial profit from the business.
There Is no rule for feeding daln
cows that can be laid down, that wll
apply to all cows alike; and still th<
success of the herd will depend large
iy upon procuring the best produc
l tlon at the lowest cost from each cow
I' M ^
what we mean when we speak of t
dairy cow's capacity.
We should study our cows closely
Watch their teed boxes to see thai
they clean up all of their feed an<
GIVE BROOD SOW ATTENTIOW
As Farrowing Time Approaches Anl
mat Should Be Placed in Separate,
Roomy, Clean Pen.
(By J. FULLER.)
Healthy sows that have been prop
erly cared for during pregnancy will
have little difficulty at farrowing time.
They should be housed in proper
quarters and up to farrowing time
have their usual feed. Knowing the
date the sow was bred, the date she
is due to farrow can be determined
easily. The period of gestation for
swine ranges from 112 to 116 days.
As farrowing time approaches,, the
sow should be put into a clean, roomy
pen in a hog house or into a separate
portable pen. When the udder of the
sow becomes distended and milk can
1 be drawn from tho teats, she may be
expected to farrow in ahnut 9*.
She should be watched closely now to
see that Ler bowels are operating in
the proper manner and that she may
be comfortable. At this time a slop
ration is better than a dry feed.
Fencing In the Feed Lot?Portable
Fences are Almost Indispensable In
the Hog Lot.
The farrowing pen should be supplied
with fresh, dry, clean and dustless
bedding. Fine rye, wheat or oat
straw or shredded corn fodder makes
excellent bedding, but barley straw
and wood shavings should not be
used. Dusty beds are likely to cause
coughing or pneumonia. Individual
sows differ as to the amount of bedding
needed at farrowing. Some make
bad use of It and should be given but
i little; others can be allowed a liberal
I supply. Little pigs are very sensitive
to the cold and if they arrive during
Vthe cold weather they must be given
special attention to prevent them
I iruin getting cnuiea.
V A sow should be kept quiet and fed
\ very little during the first 24 hours
after farrowing. She should be allowed
drinking water, and when she
shows signs of hunger a limited
amount of a thick slop ration, largely
of bran, may be siren her. This will
satisfy her appetite, and keep her
digestive tract opea and iu the proper
ondltion. Now, tt Is much better to
MIMICAL COW FEED
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t&pXf<yf!&yt:;^^ T^SEBBpMfeij|^^^BE^^^PE^H|
>f Dairy Cows.
have a keen appetite for their next
feeding. Watch their droppings to
see that no food passes through them
undigested.
Watch results closely from any
new line of feeding that may be introduced.
Never make too sudden or
radical a change in the line of feeding
practiced. Treat the cows kindly,
feed them regularly, milk them at
regular hcurs and, if possible, always
have the same person milk them.
In increasing grain ration we
should never increase it more than
one-half pound a day. In this way
the cow's digestive organs have an
opportunity to become adjusted to
the change and are able to take care
of the additional amount of feed. In
this way you can safely increase her
i feed until she is obtaining all that
she can economically handle.
Care must be exercised that we do
; not feed so much grain food that there
i is no room or appetite left for coarse
fodders.
> Coarse fodders are highly essential
. in preserving the health of the cow
r unH not tonHincr tnmorH molrlno fnt
r As a general proposition It will be
found a Bafe rule to follow to feed
i twice as many pounds of bay as we
> do grain. The cow that is being fed
. eight pounds of grain a day should
. have sixteen pounds of good hay.
If ensilage Is being fed we must
f count three or four pounds of that
1 equal to one pound of hay or dry
s fodder.
h Methods of preserving ensilage are
k better understood and the prejudice
against milk and butter from cowi
s that are fed ensilage is fast disappear
riu HUMUlliafHJBSSH
s barns | are the making of maximum
i yields In winter practicable, and this
coupled with higher prices for mllli
and its products makes it more profitt
able for us to practice all-the-year1
around dairying.
| keep her hungry than to overfeed her.
In fact, the only way to keep early
. spring pigs from growing too rapidly
and becoming too fat when the sows
are confined is to feed the sows spar
ingly.
Under ordinary conditions when
sows and pigs are given plenty of exI
ercise, the feed may be gradually increased
until from ten days to two
1 weeks after farrowing a liberal feeding
of a heavy ration is being given.
When the pigs are from four to six
weeks old they will begin to eat with
the sows. They should be fed
Creep for Feeding Small Pigs? Little
Pigs Begin to Fat at From Three
to Four Weeks of Age and 8hould be
Provided With a Separate Enclosure
From the Sows.
separately by penning off a small
space on the feeding floor or hog lot
where the young pigs have access to
the feed. The feed should be gtven
In a small trough which can be
cleaned easily before each feeding.
Immature Breeding.
isy Breeding the heifer at less than
two years of age you are sure of getting
her to producing something at an
early age, but you are also sure that
she has been stunted before she
reached maturity; that her calf will
not be as large and vigorous as it
should be and that she cannot possibly
produce as much milk as she would
had she Leen bred at n period when
her capacity for production was
nearer perfect development
> ^
Impure water will not produce many
eggs of any kind, and none that are
good.
?
If a ewe la constipated put her in
the hospital pen and give her more linseed
meal.
If a sheep has snuffles it is a sure
sign of exposure or mismanagement
somewhere.
The fertilizer problem is getting to
be a big one and could be greatly reduced
by keeping more stock and selllng
less hay and spraw.
r
LI VE-STOCK-FRUIT DAIRYING-CARD
New Wrinkles F ]
p , an
Progressive
Agriculture Jp1 J
TOLD IM AN INTERESTINO MANNER
, ??eg
FEED FOR THE DRAFT FOALS
Youngster Makes One-Half His Mature
Weight First Year of His Life?
Ration From Wisconsin.
The feeding of draft foals is a very
Important matter. One only appreciates
this when he realizes the fact
that a draft foal makes one-half his
mature weight the first year of his
life. The foal must be fed, not starved.
If he is to develop into a good draft
horse. The foal fed an improper and
unpalatable ration the first winter
usually has a big middle and two very
poorly developed ends.
Considerable attention has been
given to feeding draft foals at the
University of Wisconsin the last few
years. At one year of age they have
weighed from 1,000 to 1,200 pounds.
These foals were^all accustomed to a
small amount of grain before five
months of age when they were weaned.
After weaning they were given the
following ration until turned on grass
at about thirteen months of age.
Ration for 100 pounds mixed feed:
65 pounds crushed oats, 15 pounds
corn meal, 10 pounds bran, 15 pounds
finely cut alfalfa or clover.
They were fed all of this mixture
they would eat three times a day
and were given no hay other than that
in the mixture until they were about
one year old. The amount of this
mixture eaten per foal per day varied
from 9 to 15 pounds (20 to 30 quarts)
1 Fin* Type of Draft Station.
" accortm^^age^TRc^oRh^n?
i the feed was dampened and thoroughly
k mixed before feeding. The aflvantagfes
; of the damp mixture seemecf to be the
variety of wholesome feed and the
relish with which it was slowly and
thoroughly chewed. (
, Where one cannot feed so varied a
mixture as that described, a ration of
20 per cent bran, cut alfalfa or cut
clover with 80 per cent crashed oats
fed as described will nmvo
tlve. Foals do not appear tfo be able
to make as good use of whofe oats and
hay as an older horse. When fed
those feeds separately and whole they
eat less feed and have a greater tendency
to "pot belly."
It is a practice of some successful
Wisconsin breeders to feed liberally
bran and crushed oats for grain three
times per day and hay and sorghum
stalks each once per day for roughage.
Combinations such as marsh hay and
corn should be avoided. Although corn
silage can be fed to idle horses it
should only be given in a very limited
way or not at all to foals.
One cannot economize by limited
feeding of the foal. What one saves
in feed the first year he sacrifices
from five to ten times in the final
value of the animals. Only well bred
draft foals are capable of makine i nnn
pounds at one year and developing
into a good draft horse. It generally
does not pay to practice liberal feeding
with mongrel or scrub animals
for there is but little margin between
the final value of the animal and the
cost of feed consumed.
PICKED UP IN THE HOG LOT
Overcrowding Is Anything but Economical
Plan?Alfalfa Furnishes
Excellent Grazing for Pigs.
Do not keep too many pigs together
and compel them to sleep in one nest.
The most economical gains in pig
feeding are obtained by a judicious
I blending ot nitrogenous and carbo{
naceous foods.
Crossing may improve the hogs for
the feed lot alone, but not for the purpose
of perpetuating their kind.
avery nog grower should make a
great effort to have a few acres of alfalfa,
because it furnishes unusually
valuable grazing for hogs, and can be
pastured off several times during the
season.
There Is nothing more disgusting
than to have a lot of unruly hogs running
at large about the farm buildings.
With modern woven wire fence, it is
easy to confine them within their
proper limits.
There is nothing gained by mixing
corn meal with chopped alfalfa, except j
to Insure larger consumption. (
The longer any herd or family of (
hogs is subjected to a ration of corn ,
or confined to small pens and barren ,
yards the lower will be their vitality t
and prolificacy. (
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ftM Making the |
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Bueinese
| Profitable
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I EXPRESSLY FOR OUR READERS
WINTER WORK IN ORCHARDS
When Ground lo Frozen la Favorable
Time for Hauling and Spreading
Manure?Add Bone Meal.
The winter when the ground is
frozen hard is a favorable season for
hauling out with cart or sled the manure
needed. In spring the ground
Is too soft to haul over and other
worlt is too pressing; the result Is
this Important matter is put off for
another year. The manure should be
hauled and spread evenly over the
groped. Do not place directly around
the trunks; It only affords a harbor
for alee and Insects. The manure
should be rotted and from grain-fed
catn? or horses. Straw and cornstalks,
mixed with a little animal map
nure. Is poor stuff and is only valuable
as 4 mulch. This kind of manure
should be hauled out to the orchard
and piled. Mix a half-bushel of raw
bone, meal in each two-horse wagon
load of manure as it is piled and make
a compact heap, which will soon rot
dows, and, when well rotted, should
be spread. ' About one to two bushels
is the proper quantity tor each large
tree. The manure should be spread
in a circle as far out as the branches
extend.
Practical growers are now using
tram 400 to 800 pounds of animal bone
| and potash fertilizer per acre. The
fertilizer is drilled in with rye in the
early fall, the rye is turned under in
April?for green manure. This metnod
a found to be the cheapest and
best.method of fertilizing the orchard.
SPlAY FOR SAN JOSE SCALE
Best Remedy for Pest Is Thorough
Treatment With Lime-8ulphur Mixture
Late In Winter.
(By C P. GILLETTE. Colorado Experiment
Station.)
Sea Jose scale is one of the worst
pests attacking orchard trees in this
country. It is ixtremely important
thatx>rchards should be so treated as
to determinate tiae scale from them
anprevent its sjpread to surrounding
ft is scale Is a thorough treatment
With lime-sulphuijmixture late In the
winter or early to the spring, before
the buds begin tA open on the treea.
If the commercial concentrated limesulphur
mixtures' are used they may
be diluted in the proportion of about
one part of the concentrated preparation
to ten parts of water. If homemade
lime-sulphur sprays are used,
probably there is no better formula
than the following:
Good lump lime, 15 pounds;
Flowers of sulphur, 15 pounds;
Water, 50 gallons.
The lime should be slaked in warm
1 water and. as soon as the slaking has
[ been well started, the sulphur should
be added and enough water kept in
the receptacle to keep the mass thin
and sloppy. Boil for at least forty
Preparing Mixture for San Joee Scale.
five minutes, or until the liquid is a ;
deep brick red in coior; then dilute
to fifty gallons and apply at once.
Protect Grapee From Mildew.
To protect grapes from mildew
which may or may not ettuck th?m
they should be dusted or sprayed
with sulphur. For a few vines or the
family vineyard a good way is to put
the sulphur in a piece of burlap or a
grain bag and shake the sulphur over
the Tines. A sprayer which will
force the sulphur among the leaves
more completely is of course more
effective.
Fruit for Home Use.
In pruning fruit trees for home use
let there be no varieties of inferior
luallty selected. There is nothing too
good for the home uss.v It is a pleas- I
ire to hunt out thfse good things
urn u> take an interest In getting '
hem Warted In theXome garden and 1
>rcharl. f
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A Badly Mixed, Bi
Every failure In the poultry busi- 1
aess can be traced, according to James 1
O. Halpin, poultry man at the Wiscon- i
in College of Agriculture, to one or
more of the fallowing reasons:
1. Too expensive and too impractical .
buildings. Flocks do not require costly
equipment, an<| of course the poultry
man must pay interest on his investment.
2. Lack of experience and failure to
raise chicks properly. Many a man has
jumped into the poultry business with
little or no experience, and naturally
has lost money in his plunging.
3. Failure to market right. To produce
a superior product is not enough.
It must be advantageously marketed.
4. Starting with poor stock. It costs
little or no more to start with profitproducing
stock than it does with inferior
fowls.
5. Neglect in Improving breeding
stock. By carefully selecting the hens
and mating thelp with well chosen
males more Improvement will be secured.
6. Neglect in cleaning. Filth is a
certain cause of loss to the poultry
man.
7. Neglect in fighting lice and mites.
These pests are a source of heavy loss
to all who do not thorn
8. Poor management. Like every
other business, poultry raising requires
close attention to details.
Should Qo Slow.
The more common cause of failure
is too heavy investment. Many farm-1
era start with expensive buildings as
soon as they get the "hen fever." They
run into debt, become discouraged
after a few mistakes, and quit the
business. It is wiser to patch up the
old poultry house and make improvements
gradually as your profits warrant
the expenditure. All amateur poultry
man should go slow and build up
The next most common cause of failure
is lack of experience. No one
should enter the poultry business offhand
without any experience in raising
chicks. He should serve an apprenticeship
on some poultry farm, or
TEACHING CHICKS TO ROOST
Difficult Matter to Keep Little Fellows
Clean if They Are Permitted to
Remain on Floor.
It is often advisable to teach the
chicks to roost when eight to twelve
weeks old. When they are allowed
to remain on the floor it is difficult
to keep them clean and to keep them
from crowding. If wide roosts, three
to four inches, are used there is -but
little, if any, more danger of crooked
breasts than if the chicks are allowed
to remain on the floor.
The chicks can generallv be tanrtt
to rooet by putting the perches near
the floor and placing with them one or
two old hens or older chicks that are
in the habit of roosting.
If this plan is inconvenient or does
not prove effective, the chicks may be
placed on the percheB after dark for
a few nights until they have learned to
go there on their own accord.
FOWLS DEMAND PROPER FOOD
Green Feed, Meat Scraps, Grain and
Lime Are Required?Fresh Water
Is Also Necessary.
Laying hens, like the milch cow, demand
proper food. A mixed ration k
comprising green feed, meat scrap and
grain, will, with the addition of lime
in some form, supply all that is required.
Fresh water is also a necessity.
Chaff from alfalfa or clover affords
green food. The former, ground
ready for use, may now be bought by <
the pound. Hens eat it readily. Being
rich in protein it is better for laying
fowls than most forms of green food, 1
and makes necessary less meat in the i
ration.
1
Color Affects Price. 1
The color of eggs has something to '
io with their sale in most market* 1
Some prefer the brown tints and some '
the white. In preparing baskets for 1
sale it is well to cater to these tastes. ^
Put alt browns in one basket, all
whites in another. Paper cartons for
transportation, holding one dozen
eggs, can be had at paper dealers'. ?
Brown shelled eggs are apt to be larger 1
since most of the larger breeds of ^
fowls lay colored eggs. Color really \
has nothing to do with contents. ?
,
Weil-Fed Hen Pays, j e
Are you going t"> allow the price of
grain to cause you to underfeed your
chickens? Better sell them now. It
does not take a half-starved hen long c
to eat her head off. The well-fed hen c
will lay enough eggs to more than t
pay Mr keep. d
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it Buay Family.
I# ? -? t.. m a, , - _ ? - ' *
ii uo i?u, nuu ueiure u? Biuns out I or
himself, he should take a course at
Bome recognized poultry school. After
he has learned the ways of the flock
he may have some assurance of success.
But many mistakes and failures
are sure to beset the path of the inexperienced.
Many poultry men fail to market
correctly. They either get too far
away from the market or try to force
themselves upon an overcrowded market.
And they often fail to put their
goods up in attractive packages and
do not advertise efficiently. A good
understanding of the market conditions
of a given locality is essential
in building up a trade there.
It is absolutely essential to have
good stock to start with. No poultry
man need expect to have any success
if he starts out with a flock of boarders.
The stock need not be pure bred,
but it must be good enough to more
than pay for its keep.
The flock must be improved by careful
selection and by the introduction
of new strains when necessary. Each
brood of chicks must be better than
the last if the poultry business is to
be a success. The boarders and the
stragglers must be culled out Constant
Improvement is the surest road
to success.
a very common cause or hllurs Is
j just plain neglect?neglect in cleaning
I up the house; neglect in spraying and
I in fighting lice and mites. There is no
excuse lor this kind of failure. The
poultry man should be continually on
guard r.gainst insects and diseases.
And above all, he must always keep
his house and his birds clean.
All of these causes of failure may be
summed up In one word. And that
word Is "Mismanagement." The three
great laws of success in poultry may
Improve your stock. And keep clean
all the time. The only cure for mismanagement
is common sense, and the
farmer who expects to make a success
out of poultry should keep a good
I stock of It with him.
COMFORT FOR SETTING HEN
8hould Be Guarded Against Fussy
Work of Laying Fowls?Plan for
Arranging the Nest.
In setting a hen well one must see
that every surrounding is the best possible.
That the nest Is not too deep
and rounding in the bottom, but nearly
flat, with rounded sides so that the
eggs will lie in a single layer and not
pile upon each other in a manner that
is more than likely to cause them to
get broken.
In cold weather It is a good plan to
line the nest box first with paper, then
the nesting straw or chaff. This provents
the cold from getting to the eggs
so easily from below.
It is essential that the setter be
* *"
6u..ucu against tne fussy work of the
laying hens. A laying hen using the
same nest will soon break up all possibility
of a good hatch.
On the other hand, the setter must
not be confined so closely that she
cannot come off at will to feed and
dust herself.
USE ONLY GOOD INCUBATORS
Many Little Details Require Skill and
Intelligence in Operating Machine
Successfully. ,
Homemade incubators are not generally
desirable, since tbey are seldom
scientifically adjusted, nor made
of best material, nor properly fitted up.
The lamp, its burner, its wick, its
chimney, its location for heating, all
require skill and intelligence. So does
the body of the incubator, as regulator,
ventilation, the moisture sunnlloa
and tlie tray.
Do not buy from any old firm or
buy any discarded machine. Get the
best by test and give it the best that
Is in you. Then keep a record of
hatches from both hens and incubator
and compare results, not forgetting
.hat your hen is free to lay again,
while her first eggs are hatching.
Legs of Birds for Show.
If show birds have rough legs, band*
ige them in cloths spread with vase*
ine, for a week before the show?
washing them first, of course. Tha
raseltne leaves a stain on the feath
ins wnicn is nard to get out In the
rash, so be careful to push the featV
>rs back and bandage under them.
Onions for Poultry.
Onions make an excellent feed and,
hopped fine and fed to the poultry oo
aatonally during the winter, will aaaerlally
help to keep them in good oam?
ition. ( ^ 1