Cheraw chronicle. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1896-2005, March 05, 1914, Image 8
COLONIAL TEXT BOOKS WITH EXHIBITION
OF OLO BOOKS.
Paper Prepared mid Bead by Hiss
Mabel Melvor at Meeting ?f
Ob ii grille is of (he Koxiluti.m.
U'hen our forefathers crossed the
Atlantic to make homes for themselves
in America, thev brought with
them besides the tools for the tillage
of the soil, other things they deemed
essential to the new civilization which
they were to establish. Among their
other worldly goods they placed the
Psalter, Testament and Bible, and the
little books of their childhood from"
which they had learned their letters
and their prayers: the Horn Book,
A I. C Primer, Book of Civilite and
Spelling Book. Together these formed
the basis of religion and education in
the colonies. But since the education
of the young was such, an important
matter, and since this same education
was so largely a process of learning
by heart something already in print,
the problem of text-books became a*
very vital one to the schools. In
those early daye America was very
much isolated from Europe. Commerce
had not yet bound the two
shores of the Atlantic closely together,
and. as was natural, hooks fo-*
instruction were scarce. The few
which had been brougrt over were i
entirely inadequate 'o meet the school j
demands, and the problem of textbooks
bade fair to he a serious one.
Not as today, the problem of which cue
to select from, a multiplicity, but fcow
to pei any at'all.
The problem solved itself eventually
by three gradual steps; First, by the
importation of English Text Books;
recond, by reprin^pg these same
books in American printing houses;
third. l?y compiling and printing our%
own text*. Although a printing i
. .... J.. O.....I I
]irpi>S was sei U|> m V/J.nunuec CO vc.
ly lis 1309 it did not solve this textbook
problem for .ore than 100
years, as it was whoil.; eugaged in
turning out pamphlets of a religious
nature, and the needs of the elemenla
ry schools were overlooked.
When the colonists lacked Primer
Spelling Book and A 3 C as tools o'
instruction they brought into usa the
Catechism, Psalter, Testament and
--.-Bible. As they were a very devout
people every family was we'l supplied
with^Uww. So thoroughly es^Jablidj^tfdid
these books become that
they gave their names to the various
divisions of pupils, in.l we find in
use such terms as ' psalter class,"
"testament class" and "Bible class.'
While the primarily religious works
were 'he most inriortant l ooks of instruction
daring the earlier decades,
it must not be supposed that other
kinds of books went out of use entire
1y. The Horn Book w.v- widely used
for teaching the* letter.* and other eleinentary
^uattej. This book war
seemingly a European device, first
used about H-'O. It. consisted of a
bit of parchment with letters and
other material for instruction painted
Or printed upon it. the parchment
being fastened to a slab of wood, and
covered with a thin piece of translucent
horn for protection. The whole
was made in a form convenient to be
carried in the hand, usually of battledore
shape. Titis book went
through many .changes between the
iT.li and ISth centuries. The various
folding pas'ebourd books and even
the samplers of the colonial mai-l
were undoubtedly its descendants. A
little later we have the A B C, the
Primer and the Book of Manners.
America being very slow in printing
books we find importations from Europe
as 'he main media of instruction.
Among the records of 1700 of
liie elementary books in us** eighteen
were published in England and only
two in America. In 1??S7 there appeared
an elementary t-xt book destined
to be one of the first and mos*
important of a long line of American
elementary text books?the New England
Primer, published by Benjamin
Harris at the London Coffee House
Boston, 'its success was almos' sturtl'ng;
during the first 17 years of its
life 117.100 copies were sold. It is
said. "Thee is not and there neve*
was a text-hook so rich I v deserving
a history as the p-imer." It was a
book of deonlv v'iuious tone; conpractically
all the Horn Hook,
th A 1? (' and tin- printers included,
and ;< proa', deal besides. There was
a front ii? piece. ,1 tilde (juoVtUons.
rhymes, the alphabet ir small capita'
{ '.id italic letters. \ywe!s, consonants
3!nl double letters. N'xt came the
' easy syllables for children." words
tvom one to six or more syllables;
the Lord's Prayer and the Creed; an'
Alphabet of Lessons for Youth; the
famous poem of John Roger's Martyrdom.
a Catechism?either that of
the Westminster Assembly or John
Cotton s Spiritual Milk for American
Babes. This closed the little volume.
This book continued in favor until a
little later than 17S3 when Webster's
American Spelling Book appeared, the
famous "blue-backed speller." Xoah
Webster in his preface says?"In the
choice of pieces. 1 have been attentive
to the political interests of America.
1 consider it as a capital fault
in all our schools, that the books generally
used contain subjects wholly
uninteresting to our youth." The
DODiilarity of this book continued and
the salefSqr the years 1866-1873 aggregated
S.lli6,02S copies.
The first American to produce an
Arithmetic of anj prominence was
Nicholas Pike. "A New ^nd Complete
Arithmetic composed for the Citizens
of the United States," published from
Xewburyport, Mass. An interesting
feature of the earlier edition is the
insertion, as an advertisement, of letters
of recommendation and approval
from various men of note, such as
President Washington, the presidents
of Harvard, Yale, Brown and Dartmouth.
Shortly a'fler the Revolution the
presses fairly teemed with spellers,'
readers, arithmetics, grammars, geographies
and histories in qnanti:y
and quality such as had never been
known before. As to the growth o!
text-books during the nineteen h conj.ury.
their titles alone would fill a
.olume; the text-book problems 01
Colonial days have been solved.
YOI* CANT EARN MONEY
WHEN VOI RE LAID IT
There are a lot of people in this
town who cannot affoul to be sick.
Perhaps you feel nat you can. but
certainly some of you can't, for as
soon a? you arc' sick, ,>oar wages sto,
and worry and debts begin to pile up
i . e Siitsihle thing for you to do, as
coc.i as \ou feel run-down and worn
oi.t, no matter what the cause, is to
ake something just as quick as you
can to build up strength and health.
Make yourself more comtortdble ana
provide "against serious sickness.
We don't believ^ there is any other
medicine made tliat win ao as niuc-n
owards saving your kialth and thus
helping you save your money as Rexj?l
Olive Oil Emulsion. It is a niedcine
hat gets light at the trouble and
relieves it by toning the nerves, enriching
the blood, and giving new
an :ig;h and health to tae whole body,
it doesn't do this by means of alcohol
or habit-forming drags, because it
contains none I s strength and health
giving power is due to pure Olive Oimil
the Hypophosphites. long endorsed
by successful physicians, the one
for its food value, the other for its
onic value Here, lor the tirst ti.ii"
they aie combined, and the resul' is
i real nerve, blood and body-medicine
?a real strengthener that wp are
noud to tell you about You don't
teed to hesitate in using it, because
f it doesn" do all we say it will and
satisfy you in every way, it wjll cost
on nothing. If it doesn't make you
strong and well again, come back and
get your money. It will be given to
on without word or question. Sold
inly at he more than 7,000 TexaH
Hores. unci 111 this town only by us.
1.00?Ladd's Drug Store. Cheraw, S.
Til? Rexall Store.?Advertisement, j
Essay on Being Good.
A small girt on the front form was !
looking very miserable. "What is the !
matter. Doris?" asked the teacher anxiously.
"Don't you feel well?" "Yes.
teacher, t'm only trying to lie good."?
Manchester <Suardian.
Fail to Appreciate Coffee.
Although the greater part of the
world's coffee now conies from South
America, there are some states in
that country where it is scarcely used.
tickanoo Worm Killer Expels Warms
The cause of your child s ills?the ;
foul, fetid, offensive breath?the start- [
:tg tin with terror and grinding of
U'p:|i while asleep?:lie vallow con:- j
dexion?th" dark circles under the!
eyes all are indications of worms.j
Kickapoo Worm Killer is what your
child needs; it expels the worms, the
cause of the child's unhealthy condition.
For the removal of seat, stom eh
and pin worms, Kiekapoo Worm |
Xi'le gives sure r-lief I*s laxative
effect adds tone to the general system. |
'applied as a candy confection?chil-j
l?en like it. Safe and sure relief. !
'Juaranteed. liny a box today. I'rice
2".c. All druggists or by mail. Kick >
>00 Indian Medicine Co., Philadelphia
or St. Louis.
MANUEL FORFEITS
CLAIM n THRONE
American Girl's Husband Also
Barred From Grown.
NEW FRETENDER APPEARS.
King George of England Cuts Off
Ex-Ruler's Allowance?Manuel Carries
Out the Wish of His Father-inlaw,
Who Feared Daughter Would |
Fall Into Hands of Mob.
London.?Kx-Kin^ Manuel of Portugal
will in future he compelled to >ret j
uiong ?'ii ins own resources. lor uing
George. from whom lie has received |
SolMMHi annually since Ins dethrone- j
ment. has cut hi in off. At the same
time the former ruler of Portugal loses
the title of king."-so far as official
England is concerned This has also |
been ordered by King George us the
outcome of Manuel's renunciation of
his claims to the throne of Portugal
forever in tavor of the Brugiinzns.
Tiie claim to the throne falls upon
Doni Miguel of Braganzii and under
:W
Photo by American Press Association.
KINO MANUKL.
ordinary cir umsiaiices would devolve I
upon his son. Prime Miguel and hus
l.'iinl i f i lit. I'iii-iiiih- Stewart, who I
would thereby rc< eive tin' honorary
titU* of "queen " In* view of the fact
that Prime Miguel lias married a woman
not of royal birth, ids claim as
pretender has been set aside in favor
of his younger brother, who is now
seven years old. Thus the hopes of
Anita Stewart of becoming queen of
Portugal are blasted forever.
This arrangement was adopted at a
meeting of the Itraguineas in Vienna
and followed the announcement to .all
the courts of Kurope that Manuel had
renounced his claims to the throne
upon his marriage to Princess Augustine
of Iloiieincollern at Sigmariugen
Manuel thereby carried out the wish
of lbs father-in-law. who refused to
give his daughter under any other conditions.
as he feared that bloodshed
would accompany any attempt on Manuel's
part to regain Ids throne, and lie
.mi ....t ?vi^n hi< U-ni.'IOi.r tn run tho rislc
of foiling into the hands of the mob.
In so doing Manuel cut himsolf off
from the purse of King George, who
only recently learned the facts. The
otlicial order depriving Manuel of his
title in Kngland stated that it was
done on "account of the internal con
ditions in Portugal."
it is well known that Manuel,
through his apathy in regard to regaining
Ids throne, has lost the sympathy
of King Alfonso of Spain and a host
of royalists who would have been willing
to follow his lead. These followers
will now Hock to the standard of
the I'ragan/.as. There is no reason
to believe that the new pretenders to
the throne of Portugal will take any
decisive steps in the near future, as
it is expected in many quarters that
the republic of Portugal is Hearing its
?i?l ,,f' it< 11vv 11 .'iirnril
Anita Stewart is the daughter of
William ithinelander Stewart and was
married to I'rim-e Miguel of Braganza
on Se;.?t. 1.". 1!MJ!I. Her mother, after
her divorce, married the late John
Henry Smith. Miguel was at llie time
of the Portuguese revolution spoken of
ns substitute for Manuel.
I
PROHIBITION UP
AS AJHG ISSUE
Plans of Temperance Advocates
Stir Congress Leaders.
GREAT WAVE IS NATIONAL
Referendum to States F6r Constitutional
Amendment Is Expected?Nine
States Already Dry and Four More
May Get Into Column ' This Year.
Eighteen Are Half Dry.
Washington.?The spread of prohibition
sentiment in tiie United States in
the past year has made a deep impres
sion on leaders in congress. The events
of that period when viewed in the light
of the ambitious progri^n that the
temperance advocates set for
themselves in the immediate future
are causing much serious thinking and
some auxi?iy on the part of members
of congress who look beyond their
noses.
In fact, many of the leaders in the
national legislature believe that they
already see the prohibition question
looming as a national issue. They fear
the time is near when a constitutional
amendment providing for national prohibition
will be submitted by congress
to a referendum of the states.
Such an amendment is now pending
in both the house and the senate, and
the promotion of it through congress
is the-accomplishment toward which
all the anti-liquor forces are looking
most hopefully. By many of the cleverest
of the crusade leaders doubt is
expressed whether the time is yet ripe
for pushing the constitutional amendment
resolution, or whether it would
be better to continue to strengthen the
i'iioto by American I'ress Association.
SENATOR W. H. KENYON, A LEADINO ADVOCATE
OF PROHIBITION.
foundations of the measure by bringing
additional states more definitely
Into tbe prohibition column.
Hut that the test eventually will
come In congress and that the national
legislatorsfwill l.e subjected to pressure
sjicli as they have seldom if ever
experienced is the growing conviction
in Washington.
The fear is expressed by leaders of
both parties that when the test does
finally come congress will do as it did
in two important instances last year
when called on to pass upon the liquor
question?disregard its own convictions
and vote to appease public*
clamor.
It lias long been a matter of comment
in Washington that the only way
in which temperance legislation can be
prevented in congress is by holding
the bills in committee and by keeping
them from the tloor of the house or
senate. When the average member of
congress is face to face with the liquor
question and a delegation of temperance
advocates he may drink like a
fish himself, but he will promptly record
his vote in favor of the drys.
That at least was the history of the
two most important developments of
the past year in congress. The passage
of the Jones-Works excise law for the
District of Columbia and the enactment
of the Webb-Kenyon law to prohibit
the shipment of liquor into prohibition
territory for sale were regarded
by the temperance crusaders as red letter
events on their last year's calendar.They
were elated not only over what
the laws might accomplish, but over
the way in which their enactment demonstrated
the hold of the antis upon
the national legislature.
The ease with which the passage of
* COURT
4.4.^.4.4. 4^4. 44 4 4'4">
; i- ; '^
The spring term of Court convened
here Monday. Very little bueitipss
was transacted. In fajct there was v
not much to do. Judtfi R. W. Memminger
presided.
Owing to the very cold weather
jurors and witnesses were dot prompt
in reaching the Court House.
Only one case of much importance
was disposed of. Joe Gadsden pleads
ed guilty of manslaughter ana was
given 10 years on the gang.
The case against Mr. Gene Hen-r
drix for killing Mr. Clyde Kelly was
postponed on account of the Illness
of one of the attorneys for the State.
Several minor cases were soon diseased
of <and Court adjourned on
Monday afternoon. V*
Judge Memmimger made a tine imDression
on the attendants at Court. I
Hp did not leave town until Tuesday
afternoon. He said he wan^*1 to see
something of this splendid town.
The Horse Swappers Convention lid
not assemble. The weather was
too much for the boys.
Some booze was in evidence among
the young members of the order of
Sons of hest, and some of them got
ar rest<pd> Chief v of Police Melton
.s on toe job.
Politics very quiet.
The ground hog is beginning to
peep out of his hole.
A %
* PATRICK *
u .j.
v ?% + 4. ^ .J.
4 -jfef
The Rural School Improvement Association
was to have given a Sock *oarty
and oysler supper Saturday \
evening, but on account of the unfav- - \
arable weather, it was postponed unMll
next Saturday night. ;r. ^
The ladies will serve ovs ers, cake
and coffee, the proceeds will be used
owards buying a i\ano'fon the new^^^^H
schooi_^j^iiXLg^_>^lj are invjted^^^H^^H
Miss Ne!l Williams and her friend,
Miss Hardy, of McBee, spent the week
end with friends in Patrick Miss*
Wi Hams taught the school here to
years ago, and has many friends here.
There was no preaching at either
of .*he churches here last Sunday on
recount of the snow.
Miss Sallie Robertson, of McBee,
< ,
sent Sunday in town. N
Several of our townsmen went to
Chesterfield Monday to attend Court.
?! * qii returned the same day.
M,?-s Fmma Pos'on spent a few days
IsiMng her parents. Mr. and Mrs. H.
B. Poston. recently.
The rural mail carriers were snowbound
last week, and were not able
*f) make their jounds for two or three
days.
these laws was obtained bus also left
its impression on congress. r mem
bers dared to oppose the measures in
the open, and both went through h.v
overwhelming votes, the Webb-Ken
yon bill over the veto of President
Taft. The opposition was confined %
chiefly to the committee rooms, but
when the bills were pushed luto the
open members lined up quickly in favor
of them. They believed this was ^
the part of political wisdom. V ^
As the result of the passage of the t
Jones-Works bill the city of WaaWngton
now finds itself on Sundays as dry
as a burnt bone. A club memjier cannot
even get a drink in bis own clul>
house on Sunday.
aujzBSnjv. s.ttooujddFI
??*aas ago i ugqi a jo ui sj jo jubai
noX leq.u mq 'adojaAua inoX s| eJ3H?
:qjBUi3j aqj qjfAV adojaAua X^dcna
ue aijq ssBd pue pjba\j3jjb sXep 3a?
aoqjo stq ojui atnoo ubqio.u b aAeq o)
asjjdjns sjq sbav jBqAi ?"83Bjv 'uod
-XjnqA\a\ 'sjjjOAi jbjb.u' jaodXjnqAaM
o; tunjej sXsp aAg aajjy,, :}sanb
aj Ajuuzojsno aqj sbm aao[d.\ua aqj
jo jaujoD aqj ni ijbih Xq jeaX aao
si[iq |BnuuB siq jno juas sj{joa\ jbjba
jjodAjnq.A\ax oqj jo jaanseaj} aqj^
X1UOU003 6u|S|jdjns . .
Modern Illustrations. .. y
The clergymen who formerly de\''
clared to their congregations j
are standing on the brink 'o^
nity" had an occasioi^rr-cciWnC
the hay fields or
listeners
them a
clergyman
?Utica