University of South Carolina Libraries
F The Fort Mill Times *1 Established in 1891. FORT MTT.T. S. 0., THURSDAY, JULY 3,1919 $1.25 Per Year. 'SIMPLE GEREMONIE! OF PEACE TREI Signature Affixed in Historic H Before, Humbled France Hands of Her Ge: 'because of shantung settl World War is Finally Ended, Seven Days Less Than Five Exactly Reversed; Germa Fancied Ii Versailles.?World peace was sign- j ?d and sealed Saturday at 3:12 | p. m., in the historic hall of mirrors at Versailles, but under circumstances which somewhat dimmed the expectations of those who had worked and fought during long years of war and months of negotiations for its achievement. The absence of the Chinese delegates, who at the last moment were unable to reconcile themselves to the Shantung settlement, and left the eastern empire outside the formal purviews of peace, struck the first discordant note in the nssembly. A written protest which General Jan Christian Smuts lodged with his signature was another disappointment to the makers of the treaty. But, bulking larger, was the attitude of Germany and the German plenipotentiaries, which left them, as evident from the official program of the day and from the expression of M. Clemenceau, still outside any formal reconciliation and made actual restoration to regular relations and intercourse with the allied nations dependent, not upon the signature of the "preliminaries of peace" today, but upon ratification by the national assembly. T(1 M Clomonro...'. - < - ? w v. a OVOl U nAIUlUg In hla opening remarks that they would be expected ,and held, to observe the treaty provisions legally rand completely, the German delegates, ? - through Dr. Haniel von Halmhausen, replied after returning to the hotel that, had they known they would be treated on a different status after signing than the allied representatives, as shown by their separate exits before .he general body of the conference, they never would have signed. As a contrast with the Franco-German peace session of 1871, held In the same hall, there were present grizzled French veterans "of the Franco-Prussian war. They replaced the Prussian guardsmen of the previous ceremony and the Frenchmen watched the ceremony with grim satisfaction. 1871 Conditions Reversed. The conditions of 1871 were exactly reverted. The disciples of Rlsmarck sat in the seats of the lowly while the white murhln atntlm r\t Mln. erva, the goddess of war, looked on. Overhead of the frescoed ceiling, were scenes from Prance's ancient wars. Three Incidents were emphasised by the smoothness with which the ceremony was conducted. The first of these waB the failure of the Chinese delegation to sign. The second was the protest submitted by General Jan Christian Smuts, who declared the peace unsatisfactory. The third, unknown to the general public, came from the Germans. When the program for the ceremony was shown to th? fl?? rmnn d?l?irotliMi Haimhausen, of the German delegation, went to Colonel Henry, French liaison officer, and protested. He said: "We cannot admit that the German delegates should enter the hall by a different door than the entente delegates, nor that military honors should be withheld. Had we known there would be such arrangements before, the delegates would not have come." After a conference with the French foreign minister .It was decided, ns a compromise, to render military honors as the Germans left. Otherwise, I the program was not changed. An hour before the signing of the treaty, those assembled in the hall had I '>een urged to take their seats, hut heir eagerness to see the historic cerk nmonv wn<i an Unon that ttw?v rofn?o/l B to keep their seats, and crowded tor ward the center of the hall, which Is bo L long that a good view wan impossible W - from the distance. Even with opera glasses .the correspondents and others were unable to observe satisfactorily. The seats were in no way elevated; consequently there was a general scramble for standing room. J HINDENBUKG HAS THROWN UP JOB OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. Berlin.?Field Marshal von Hlndenburg's letter to his troops runs as follows in part: "Soldiers, I intimated some time ago to the government that I must prefer an honorable defeat to a shameful peace. I owe you this explanation. Having already at an earlier stage announced by intention to withdraw again into retirement after the dMtoion to paace has been made, t A?w lay down my command in chief." i IRK SIGNING MY AT VERSAILLES all Where Nearly Half Century Acknowledged Defeat at rman Adversaries. EMENT CHINESE DO NOT SIGN Having Lasted Just TwentyYears; Conditions of 1871 ns Enter Protest Against adignities. | The delegates of the minor powers ntnilu Vhote mUU ? ai * > * ? ? iucu naj Willi Ullliuuiiy UirOUKC the crowd to their places at the table Officers and cfvilians lined the walli and filled the aisles. President Wil son's arrival 10 minutes before th? hour for signing was greeted by j faint burst of applause from the few I persons who were able to see him. The German correspondents wen ushered into the hall shortly befort j 3 o'clock and were given standing I room in a window at the rear of th? correspondents' section. When Premier Lloyd George arriv ed many of the delegates sought auto graphs from the members of the coun cil of four, and they busied themselves signing copies of the official prograix until the Germans entered the room. At 3 o'clock a hush fell over the hall and the crowds shouted for the ofTi cials who were standing to sit down so as not to block the view. The del egates showed some surprise at th< disorder, which did not cease unti all the spectators had either seate< themselves or found places agains the wall. At seven minutes past 3 o'clocl Dr. Hermann Mueller, the Germai secretary for foreign affairs, and Dr Bell, the colonial secretary, wen shown into the hall, and quietly tool their seats at the left end of the U shaped table. They showed compo sure, and manifested none of the un easiness which Count von Brockdorff Rantzau, head of the German peac< delegation, displayed when handed th< I treaty at Versailles. M. Clemenceau, as president of th< conference, made a brief speech in viting the Germans to sign the treat; and there was a tense pause. Wll liam Martin, master of ceremonies, af ter a moment's delay, escorted th< German plenipotentiaries to the signa tory table, where they signed th< treaty, the protocol and the Polish un dertaking. After the Germans had signed, Pres Ident Wilson, followed by the othe American delegates, made his way ti the table and he and the others speed ily affixed their signatures. Premie Lloyd George came next with the Eng linh delegation. The British domin ions followed?Canada, Australia, Nev Zealand, South Africa and India, ii the order named. A murmur of surprise passei around the hall when it becami known that General Smuts, represent ing South Africa, signed under pro tost and filed a document declarini that the peace was unsatisfactory. M. Clemenceau and the French del egates were the next in line for thi signing, and Baron Sonnlno and thi other Japanese delegates. The Ital ians came after the Japanese, an< they, in turn, were followed by thi representatives of the smaller powert During the attaching of the signa tures of the great powers and th< Germans a battery of moving pictun machtnes and cameras clicked awa; so Audibly that tbey could be bean above the general disorder. Cannon Boom. At 3:45 the booming of cannon ii celebration of the peace broke th< monotony in the hall of mirrors, when the crowd had tired of the almost end less signing. China's failure to send her dele gates to the ceremony created mucl comment. The vacant seats of thi Chinese were noted early in the pre ceedings, but it was expected that thi delegates would arrive later. Thei the report was circulated official); that the Chinese would not sign with out reservation on Shantung, am would issue a statement this evenini on their position. M. Clemenceau'i announcement thnt the ceremony wai at an end made it clear that China in tended to have no part in the day'i ceremonies and thnt she must be deal with by letter if the signatories ar< willing to grant her the privilege o making the reservation. WASHINGTON RECEIVES NEW8 WITH SCARCELY A FLUTTER. Washington.?Word of the consum matlon of peace was received at th< national capital with scarcely n flut ter of popular or official sentiment. At the white house and the stat? department the news aroused only < quiet feeling of satisfaction that th< pre-arranged program for the signini at Versailles had gone through. It Congress there was but a momentary demonstration and on the streets th< crowds gave no show of Interest. i KERR LANDSBERQ Late photograph of Herr Landsberg, , secretary for publicity, art and litersi ture in Scheldcmann's cabinet, who Is one of the German delegates to the , Versailles peace congress. I STIRRED OVER SIZE OF ARMY 5 Senator Borah Pessimistic Over What 5 Other Nations May or May Not Do in Matter of Armament and Men. Washington.?Failing to command the united support of opponents of the league of nations, the proposal for an immediate declaration of peace by congress was blocked in the Benate foreign relations committee. After a long and lively discussion, ' the committee voted 12 to 4 to defer action for the present on the resolu* tion of Senator Falls, of New Mexico, embodying the peace declaration. Five ' senators opposing the league, including Chairman Lodge, joined the league advocates in supporting the postponement motion. Although the peace declaration proc posal was not discussed in the senate 1 chamber during the day, Senator Bo' rah aroused a three-hour debate on 3 other issues of the ti^aty fight by re- j c newing his attack on the league cov ouuul. veiling me army dui s proK vision for an army of 400,000 men, the * Idaho senator declared the league * would increase rather than decrease 3 armament. 3 "Heaven only knows what we will need If other nations do not share. If 9 we are going to exercise economic - pressure on other nations for every f little cause and If we're going to po* lice the world, he is a driveling idiot - who thinks that means anything but 3 a stupendous army." 3 GERMAN DIPLOMACY INTENDS TO PULL PLUG OUT OF PACT? Ir Paris.?There has been a wide0 spread feeling that whatever Germany might sign would be subscribed to r with more than one mental reservation. That conviction has been strengthened in a most definite manf ner by events of the last few days. 1 The sinking of the German fleet at Scapa Flow found blunt expression j in the threat in the note to the ala lies. In more than one French paper attention is drawn to the contrast be' tween the Germany of a few weeks ago, apparently struggling with acute bolshevism, and the Germany of today, whose language and actions dif'* fer but little if at all from those of 9 the old regime. 9 It is clear beyond argument that. Just as Admiral von Router opened the seacocks of his fleet, so in the 9 future German diplomacy intends to '* pull the plug out of the peace treaty. b LAST OF 81 ST DIVISION 0 TROOP9 AT NEWPORT NEWS V 1 Newport News, Va.?Practically every city and town in North and South Carolina was represented b ymen ar1 riving here aboard the small transport Montpeller. which reached this B port bringing the last units of the 81st I division. Said to be the last selective service men to sail from France 9 officers and ** 470 men of the 300th supply train. 1 Elghty-flrst (Wild Cat) division, arriv9 ed in port on the IT. S. S. Montpelier. h ____________ 9 MANY WILD CATS WILL REACH 1 THEIR HOMES DURING WEEK y Petersburg. Va.?The 321st infantry * regiment, 81st division, numbering 9f>4 < men tmder command of Lieutenant 9 Colonel L. R. Bohucker, of Norfolk. 9 which arrived at Camp Lee from over* seas for demobilization, will bo mus9 tered out of service at once by tne 1 officers of the regiment themselves. > who it is said have volunteered to porf form the service in order that the men may get to their homes as soon as possible. SURRENDERED WITH GEN. JOHNSTON AT CHARLOTTE s Chattanooga, Tenn.?Col. Baxter . Smith, aged 87, assistant secretary of the Chicamauga park commission and ? Confederate soldier, died at the gen1 eral hospital at Fort Oglethorpe. J Colonel Smith war born March 10, t 1832. Entering the Civil war aa a 1 volunteer, he at the close of hostili' ties was colonel ot cavalry. He sur1 rendered with Oen. Joseph E. Johnston. at Charlotte, N. C. TRICK or GERMANS BALKED ^POLAND PLOT FRAMED TO FORM WITH POLAND A REPUBLIC IN NORTHWEST GERMANY. SCHEIDEMANN IN SWITZERLAND All Plans Fail Because of Jealousy and Differences of Opinions of Government and Army Leaders. Berlin.?The German government, hended by Phlllpp Scheidemann, had planned to refues to sign the peace treaty and to permit the allied troops to march into Germany as far as the Elbe, where it would be attacked by strong German forces, the Danzig correspondent of the Tageblatt declares in a dispatch describing the details of a secret plan to create a separate Btate in northeastern Germany. The plan failed because of Jealousies and differences of opinion between the government and the army leauers, the correpondsent says. (A rennrt from flonnvn oald Uorr Scheldemann had arrived in Switzerland after crossing: the frontier on foot.) The last proposal made by the conspirators planning to oppose the allies. it is*said, was to ask Poland to combine with eastern Germany in the formation of an independent republic. The offer. It is declared, was rebuffed by the Poles, who asked why it had not been offered 10 years ago. MOVEMENT OF GERMAt GIVE GREAT UNEASINESS. Paris.?Movements of the Germans against the weptern Polish boundary at three points are giving great uneasiness in conference circles, and Ignace Jan Paderewski, Polish premier, Is making earnest efforts to obtain ammunition from the allies before the Germans cut the principal railways, which it is thought they will attempt. Heavy artillery' attacks upon Ozenstochowa from the south and west threaten to cut the railway connecting Warsaw with Cracow and the Teschen coal fields. Czenstochowa is a city of 40.000 persons and an Important railway junction. QUESTION OF ENFORCEMENT PROHIBITION UP TO HOUSE. Washington.?The whole question Oi i>ruiiiLMiiuu eniorcpmeni was transferred from the Judiciary committoa to the house, without promise or assurance of speedy consideration. A general enforcement measure embracing both war-time and constitutional prohibition put together in such a way as to let one stand. Independently of the other, was reported out by a vote of 17 to 2, after the committee had refused to split It into two separate and distinct parts. But this vote did not accurately represent the sentiment of the committee, some members of which will send in a minority report and insist upon the elimination of some of the drastio provilsona. SENATE O. K'S INCREASE IN SHIPBUILDING FUND. Washington.?Increase in the shipping board fund from 1276,000.000 to $491,000,000 for completion of the government's authorised ship building program was approved by the senate with but one dissenting vote at a late session held in an effort to pass ths sundry civil appropriation bill. AGREEMENT REACHED TO FIX SIZE OF STANDING AHUV Washington.?Senate and house conferees on the army appropriation bill reached an agreement to fix the average size of the 1920 army at 325.000 officers and men. This total Is 75.000 less than that proposed hy the senate and 25.000 more than the strength authorized originally by the house. REQUESTS SUPPRESSION OF ARTICLE OF TREATY. Paris.?A dispath fcrom Vienna says that Dr. Karl Rennenr. head of the Austrian peace delegation, has dellv- j ered to the peace conference a note requesting suppression of article 49 of the pence treaty with Austria. This ' article authorizes the states which formerly were part of the Austro-Hungarian empire to pay their share of the war indemnities from private Austrian properties in those states. CHINESE DEFINITELY DECIDE .".w. .V oivan inc. I MtATT. Washington.?Announcement by the Chinese peace delegation In Paris tuat China would not sign the peace treaty is In line with the instructions sent the delegation several weeks ago by the Chinese government. These instructions were to refuse to sign the troaty unless some reservation was permitted as to Japan's sovereignty over the Shantung peninsula, acquired by Germany from China under the trsaty of 189T. 4 C.R3. INA J. N. PERKINS glTBWWBSSS! Mrs. Ins J. N. Perkins, as chief of the child conservation section of the council of national defense, directs the activities of women's committees all ovsr the country In tho campaign to "Save 100,000 babies." SUPPORT OF PROHIBITIONISTS Ardent Prohibitionists Vote for Section Because Nothing to Be Gained by Too Drastic Law. Washington.?A man's right to store liquor in hiB home for the long dry period after July 1, stood up against an attack on that provision of the prohibition enforcement bill before the house Judiciary committee. Near the end of an all-day session the committee voted down an amendment which would have made it unlawful for a citizen to have liquor in his possession; struck out a section which would have prevented "use" by a citizen of liquor In his private dwelling. and decided that in the matter of general enforcement there would be no difference between war-time and constitutional prohibition. In a general consideration of the j measure the committee made & nnra- j her of minor changes, but the principal fight was over the question of the right of home storage for personal use. Representative Morgan of Oklahoma endeavored to have stricken out the section reading that "It shall not be unlawful to possess liquor in one's private dwellings while the same is occupied and used by him only as his dwelling. Ardent prohibitionists on the committee voted against the Morgan proposal for the reason, they said, that [ nothing was to be gained by enacting a law so drastic as to arouse the lios- I tillty of people who rejoiced that the day of the saloon had ended. Prohlbl- j tlon members supported an amend- ' ment eliminating the proviso that the liquor must be obtained and placed in ! storage prior to date the act would become effective. A? amended the section reads "that surh liquor need > not be reported, provided the burden of showing that possession la legal is unon the nosseaaor." DEMOBILIZATION OF THE NAVY PROCEEDING WITH DISPATCH Washington.?Demobilisation of the nary is proceeding rapidly and satisfactorily, Secretary Daniels announced, with the result that the total strength will hare been reduced to 250.000 men by the end of this week. More than 500 men a day are being released, the secretary said, most of j them being taken from the shore establishment. Since the signing of the armistice more than 265.000 men have been discharged from the navy or released to Inactive duty In the reserve forces. Between July 1 and October 1. 50.000 additional men will be released In or- j der to meet the reduction fixed In the new navy bill. TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE LINES RESTORED JULY 31. Washington. ? Agreement was reached by senate and house conferees on legislation to repeal government control of tele?rraph, telephone and wire systems. The conferees adapted the house plan of terminating government control at midnight on the last of the calendar month In which the law is approved. Toll and local exchange telephone rates would be continued four months unless sooner changed. GERMANS TO SAIL FROM OU A Ul COVAkl PAn UAUPt vnnni.b?j i v/n run nwm c Salt I>ake City, UtalT.?Under guard of United States troops, 267 enemy aliens from the war prison barracks at Fort Douglas, near here, started for Charleston, S. C., in a special train. Upon arrival at the Atlantic port they will embark on a s;i iclally chartered ship and start on tJ.elr way to Germany. The shtp. It In understood here, will carry close to 2,000 enemy . aliens who are being deported. HUN GROWN MCE AGAIN IN GERMANY ESCAPE FROM HOLLAND IS OP SOME SIGNIFICANCE JUST NOW AND STIRS PAR'S. MAY ADD TO COMPLICATIONS Impression Prevails That Government of the Netherlands Can Be Held Accountable For FlighL Paris.?Frederick William Hohenxollern, the former German crown prince, has escaped from Holland and made his way into Germany. News of the escape of the ex-crown nrinon p.tiicoil a ; ? 4" peace conference circles. While it i8 not felt be is a flguro around which the reactionaries and monarchists would gather enthusiastically, nevertheless his act is regarded as an eveut of cnsiderable significance. Hints havo come from Germany within the last few days that the military caste there would not he averse to bringing nbout a military situation within the former empire that would embarrass the allies in putting the peace treaty into effect, and it seems not improbable that the move made by the ex-crown prince is connected with some such plan. The former crown prince made his way into Holland shortly after the signing of the armistice last November and was interned there by tlio Dutch government, taking up. his residence on the island of Wieriugen, In the Zuyder Zee. Washington.?The former German crown prince was interned by the Dutch government on the iBlanu of Wieringen and if he preserves his status as a soldier, the opinion of international law authorities here is that the Netherlands government may he held accountable by the associated powers for his escape. It was explained the rules of war and neutrality require the government of any nation that affords asylum to a fugitive soldier to intern him for the period of the war and that in this instance that period technically had not elapsed. Officials said one effect of the escape undobtedly would ho to cause the authorities of Holland to renew precautions to prevent the escape of the former etnpror. HERMAN MUELLER AND BELL SELECTED TO SIGN TREATY. While no official information is yet at hand with regard to the appointment by the German government of plenipotentiaries to proceed to Versailles to sign the peac treaty, the latest unofficial advices arriving in Paris from Germany are to the efTect that Dr. Hermann Mueller, foreign minister in the cabinet of Herr Bauer, and Dr. Bell, the minister of colonies, have been chosen for the duty. The time for the signing of the treaty also still is in doubt. Everything seems contingent on the actual appointment of the men who are to act for Germany and their arrival in Versailles. No further news from nny source has been received regarding the return to Germany of the former German crown prince who had been interned in Holland since hostilities ceased. AMERICAN CASUALTIFS IN ONE DRIVE WERE 120,000. Washington. ? American casualties during the 47 day Meuse-Argonne offensive aggregated 120.000 men. or 10 per cent of the total- of 1.200.000 engaged, according to a "statistical summary of the war with Germany" prepared by Colonel I^eonard P. Ayres, chief of the statistical branch of the general staff, and published by the war department. "Of every 100 American soldiers and sailrtrs who took part in the war with Germany," the report said, "two were killed or died of disease during the period of hostilities. COMPANIES OF WOMEN FORMED AS RED GUARDS. Helsingfors.?A terrible story illustrating the nature of the war waged bv the bolsheviks is recounted by a traveler from Riga. Towards the end of the bolshevist rule, before the T^ettish red leader, Statska, fled, companies of women were formed as red guards. Their duty was to carry out executions when the men refused that duty. Nearly 100 executions are known to have been carried out by these murderesses. CLAUDE KITCHIN CHOSEN TO ANSWER REPUBLICANS. Washington.?Claude Kltohin h rM boen seelctod to answer claims by republican leaders that they HHved one and a half billion by cutting off funds from appn^^^E tlon bills. He Intends to speak house in a day or two. The republicans at the capi'^^^Hf preparing to Are all the white^^^^| tor conductors and substitute drivers instead, according to going the rounds. 1 RECOMMENDS BOTH PACT AND^ LEAGUE THE PRESIDENT STRONGLY IN FAVOR OF FAVORABLE AND PROMPT ACTION. NEW WORLD ORDER ASSURED Great Peoples Willi Be Liberated Who Have Never Before Been Able to Find Path to Liberty. Washington.?President Wilson in an address to the American people on the occasion of the signing of the peace treaty, made a plea for the acceptance of the treaty and the covenant of the league of nations without change or reservation. His message, given out here by Secretary Tumulty, said: "My fellow countrymen: "The treaty of peace has been signed. If it is ratified and acted upon in full and sincere prpfntlnn of i(? it will furnish the charter for a new order of nffairs in the woild. It is a severe treaty in the duties and penalties it imposes upon Germany, but it is severe only because great wrongs done by Germany are to he righted and repaired; it imposes nothing that Germany cannot do; and she can regain her rightful standing in the world by the prompt and honorable fulfillment of its terms. "And it is much more than r treaty of peace with Germany. It liberates great peoples who have never beforo been able to find the way to liberty. It ends, once for all. an old and intolerable order under which small groups of selfish men could use the peoples of great empires to serve their ambition for power and dominion. It associates the free governments ot the world in a permanent league in which they are pledged to use their united power to maintain peace by maintaining right and justice. It makes international law a reality supported by imperative sanctions. It does away with the right of conquest and rejects the policy of annexation nnd substitutes a new order under which backward nations?populations which havo not yet come to political consciousness and peoples who are ready for independence, but not yet quite prepared to dispense with protection and guidance?shall no more be subjected to the domination and exploitation of a stronger nation, but shall be put/Under the friendly direction and afforded the helpful asistance of governments which undertake to be responsible for the opinion ot j mankind in the execution of their j task by accepting the direction of the league of nations. Signed) "WOODROW WILSON." EXTRADITION OF KAISER NOT TO BE REQUE8TED. Amtserdam.?The allied and associated powers will not ask for the extradition of the former German emperor. the Paris correspondent of The Telegranf says he learns, hut will ask the Dutch government in the name of tho league of nations to see that Herr Hohenzollern does not escape the moral consequences. It is expected that as a member of the league, he adds, Holland will inform the former emperor that he must appear before an international court or leave the country. A highly placed French authority on international law told the correspondent that the proceedings against the former emperor would be on moral grounds and the sentence would he of a moral character entirely. There is no question of a death sentence or Imprisonment, th? correspondent was told. DEMONSTRATION AOAIN8T GOVERNMENT IN ROME. Rome.?Serious disorders marked anti-government demonstration In Rome. The demonstrators attempted to reach the residence of Premier Nitti, but were driven back by large forces of military police. Order flnallly was restored after midnight. C08T OF WORLD WAR TO ALL NATION8 INVOLVED Washington.?The world war cost the lives of 7.R82.300 soldiers of all ^ b^ twwn $185,000,000,000 and $195,000,0000.00; In shipping, the toll was 23,005.383 tons of merchant vessels and 1,882,125 tons of war vessels. These figures were compiled at request of Senator McCumher, of North Dakota, and v/ere made public as reason why there should be a League of Nations. THE PRE8IDENT COME8 BACK WELL SATISFIED