"
Uses and A. I
By Prof. R. J. H. De Loach,
-L THE USE OF COMI
The Firat of
Wo would not bo disposed to
commercial fertiliser*, but only
grew in the Southern United St
generation Inherited the habit <
been taugtit the underlying prin
The use of some kind of manti
creasing the yields goes back to
people applied animal manures
centuries ago, applied manures c
with phenomenal results. In V
early as the middle of the last <
value of Guano by the Peruvian
Bousingault speaks of seeing
year for two centuries, and the
ine practice of using miner*
ru to the United States in the
as we find above. It had alrea
way Into the United States, but
application of minerals to soi
know this is true, but all evlde
to us therefore that we know i
The First
The first man In the Southern
Dickson, of Sparta, Oa., who si
can Farmer published in Baltli
more successful farmer than
dollars farming, and who was a
the use of mineral fertilizers,
duced into the United States, he
lng that it paid him, bought It
and 1856, when he "went into
doubt the first instance of the
cotton in the United States.
The universal success with w
ruvian guano led many other
and in every reported case, su
to believe that the appli
cotton and other crops in the i
dent. Its success was unqucstic
A quickly available manure wai
once applied results were evid
After a time it was found tha
cipally nitrogen, produced too
yield of fruit, and hence its n?<
The First
About this time the war be
time the discovery of the potasl
market of various kinds of in
ings of Von Liebig of German?
- pion in ttie world of agriculturi
ularlty of Peruvian guano rubs
eitti question of the use oi mi
and the students of agriculture
Two great contributing facto
South are first the abolition c
tural education. Before the w
growing rami crops in the Sout
slaves to "take in more land "
for any artificial manure. It
creating agricultural colleges i
gan a campaign for linprovini
public expense were begun on i
make greater use of plant foodc
of tillage. This, of course, cam
eral plant foods, and out of v
fertilisers. From this great di
all parts of the country. All 1
good, and some was not, but n
no restrictions and many of th
would ?nell strong and that ci
count of slate laws did not las'
resume of the part taken in it
Uses and A. I
By Prof. R. J. H. De Loach
2. INTELLIGENT USI
The Second c
Alt state institutions have
in the early fifties. State org
part in the building up of the ti
it for granted that the trade i
and have therefore framed law
every state where fertilizer is i
passed exacting certain requir?
grades, etc. llesides the trade,
the consumer and offer for sa
mixers. We may say without
states themselves are largely
fertilizer trade.
It has long been recognizi
lines of science. This is perha
early years. Germany discove
crops increased the yields imnu
lying causes, and has suggested
r-ble lessons on her findings,
tures on modern agriculture, ha
in the early history of the use
Kuhlman, a German agricultura
in the yeHrs 1845 and 1846, and
ered 8,140 pounds of hay more
did not use the salammoniac.
, pounds of salammoniac to the a
In commenting upon this 1
quite certain, that in the action
hirhest after the Chili saltpetf
ammonia contained in it. On
with carbonate and nitrate of
or nitrogen, equivalent to that
the same conditions, was almas
Fertilizer E
A 11 >?i~ ?? 1? -
*? me ltiiiiici liluilK lie t
comportment of the soil toward
knowledge we possess of their
the soil, by its physical condi
salts of ammonia, of chloride
the earthly phosphates in th<
some light on their action, or o
This statement was made beca
salt was added to certain mil
and Von Liebig came to the co
this added material to the liber
Only a short time after tl
ash beds wore discovered and b
in favor with planters as wel
ing a combination to liberate
and thorough satisfaction was
the potash salts, and here the
claim, however, that Tribasic p
was found efficient. This fact
covered by a constant study o
salts. Liebig thought that the
of dissolving phosphoric acid ii
in turn added greatly to the yle
Germany's Crop Yi<
We have here many hints
facts?nnmely that the three f
applied to the soil for good cr
potash. For many years thes
elements of plant food in a fer
Today Oermany anpltes mc
any other nation in the world
yields of fat in crops than an;
two facts are so closely relatei
has learned the lesson of got
vegetable matter in the soil,
cropping with any single crop,
on which the most money can
are the tends that will give gre
~.
t?' ai.* .... '.S
"S ". - * ?
mses of Fertilizers
Director of Georgia Experiment Station.
MERCIAL FERTILIZERS?HISTORY.
' a Series of Six Articles.
try to gfcve a complete history of the use of
to show how this great Industry began and
ates. Generally speaking, the farmers of this
of applying fertilizers to soils, but have not
ciples of the industry.
ires on soils with crops for the purpose of in- j
ancient times. We know that many ancient
to their soils for tbls purpose. The Chinese,
>f various kinds to their soils and gardens and
on Tshudi's Travels in Peru we find that as
:entury notes were being taken on the actual
s.
fields in Peru on which wheat grew every
i yield still high and the growers prosperous,
il fertilizers was introduced direct from Peyear
1846, and was based on such reports
dy been used in England before it found its
Peru seems to be the country in which the
is as plant food originated. We do not
nee points to this. It is of greater Interest
about the customs in Peru.
Use of Peruvian Guano.
States to use this Peruvian guano was David
iw an advertisement of it. in the old Amerimore.
The South has perhaps never had a
David Dixon, who mada many millions of ,
i pioneer in many other lines as well as in
In the year 1846, the year after it was Intro- i
> bought three sacks and used it, and on And- j
t in increasing quantities till the year 1855
it fully." As is suggested above this is no
use of a concentrated mineral fertiliser on j
hich Mr. Dickson met in the use of this Peprominent
farmers to follow his example,
ccess followed its use. We are constrained
cation of this mineral fertilizer to the
South could not possibly have been an acclmably
based on the actual needs of the soil,
s what the crop needed, and when this was
ent.
it the Peruvian guano, which contained prinmuch
stalk and not much increase in the
> was somewhat discouraged for a season.
Use of German Potash.
tween the States began, and at the same
h beds of Germany, also, the offering on the
ineral fertilizers resulting from the teachwho
was at that time the greatest chaiu?
and its possibilities. As a result the popided
and more study was given to the genn?rs?l
manures, both by farmers themselves
rs to the rise of the fertilizer trade in the
if slavery, and second, the rise of agricular
the question of land was secondary. If
h "wore the land out," there were plenty of
It was cheaper to take in land than to pay
i 1862, the Morrill Bill passed Congress,
n the various states, after which there be
; methods in agriculture. Experiments at
at small scale, and the public was induced to
> of all kinds, as well as to improve methods
ted an immediate increase in the use of min/hich
grew demands for great quantities of
?mand there sprang up fertilizer factories in
cinds of materials were tried out, some was
uuch of both kinds used. The factories had
em palmed off on the farmers anything that
mild be put *n jacks. This condition on acl
lung. We begin the next article hy giving a
le rise of the trade by the states themselves
iuses of Fertilizers I
, Director of Georgia Experiment Station.
E OF FERTILIZERS IN GERMANY.
>f a Series of Six Articles.
fostered the fertiliser trade since its origin
animations of all kinds have taken a lively
ade, and in later years the states have taken
s profitable to farmers and merchants alike,
bfs to regulate its manufacture and sale. In
iold in appreciable quantities laws have been
>menta of the manufacturer, as to analyses,
over-ambitious, might forget its obligation to ;
le inferior material under the name of fer- j
I fear of successful contradiction that the
responsible for the rise and volume ot the
ed that Germany leads the world in many
ps true in regard to the use of fertilizers in ,
red that mineral salts applied to growing
msely, and gave time and study to the under- 1
1 to the other parts of the world many valu
Von Liebig, through his studies and lecs
made known much of the work of Germany
> of commercial fertilizers. Liebig says that
1 sciential, applied salammoniac to a meadow
found that on a hectare (2>4 acres) he gaththan
on the same kind of meadow where he
He secured this result by using about 200
ere.
Von Liebig has the following to say: "It is
of the guano, which produced the crop next
r, an unmistakable part was played by the
the other hand, however, the experiments
ammonia show that a quantity of ammonia,
in 20 pounds of guano and employed under
1 without effect."
Experiments In Germany.
.ays: "The most recent observations on the
Is the food of plants show how slight is the
mode of nourishment, and of the part which
tion. plays in it. The comportment of the
of sodium, and of nitrate of soda, towards
i soil, may perhaps assist us in throwing
ne of their actions, on the growth of plants. *
use it was always found that when common
ncral manures, greater yield was obtained,
nclusion that this wan due to the relation of
ation of potash in the soils,
tie war between the states the German poty
rapid leaps and hounds this material gained
1 as experimenters. The necessity for flndtbe
potash in the soils was now removed
found in the use of the nitrate of soda and
industry stood for a long time. Liebig does
ihosphate of lime crept into the formula and
is very significant and happened to be disf
the uce of the nitrate of soda and potash
so two plant food materials bad the power
ra the form of earthly phosphates, and theae
Id of farm crons.
slds Greater Than Othar Nation*.
of what afterwards really developed to bn
treat elements of plant food that should be
op yields are phosphoric acid, ammonia and
e three elemonts have been the essential
tllizer formula.
ire mineral salts per acre to her crops than
I, and partly aa a consequence gets higher i
y other natlen. It is significant that these
A, but it must be remembered that Oermany
id tillage?deep plowing, the proper use of
and the dangerous praotice of continuous
It ir also to be remembered that the lands
be cleared without any kinds of fertilisers
ntest praAs with ieHiiiaara
' ;| wC*
- ' ; -.
THE fORT MILL TIMES, f<
PUZZLED OVER WOMEN |
t . _________
FEMALE 8EX A MYSTERY TO THE
HEBREW SAOEB.
Classed With Fools as Subjects Asyond
Comprehension ? Remarks
Made by Author of the Book
of Ecclesiastlcus.
Two subjects seem to has% occupied
the attention of the Hebrew sages to
a marked degree. They are always incurring
to them. In the midst of maxims
about the conduct of life the sage
cannot forbear to take a side swipe
at fools and women. He finds them
both beyond comprehension.
Tn EPt h i H nnint r?f vlaw 1* la narai.
sary to remember that there were no
asylums in the Orient. Every village
had its imbeciles, who were a feature
of the town life. The villace fool was
a far more prominent person in the
ancient East, and forced himself much
more on public attention than the
feeble-minded person of today, who ,
usually is kept in the backcround.
As for women? Well, the ancient
world never was able to make them
out any way. Their Incessant chatterlnc
was evidently a great annoyance
to the solemn, white-bearded patriarchs.
One of the most human of the ancient
sages was the author of the
Book of EcclesiasHcus in the Apocrypha,
JeBUs, the son of Slrach. His
book has a distinct flavor, a quality
that makes it entertaining reading.
The imagination pictures him a man
of gracious dignity, reserved, serious,
taking his obligations with the gravity
of his race. Experience has disclosed
to him most of the mysteries
of the world?except women.
"A daughter," he confesses, "is a
secret cause of wakefulness to a father,
and the care of her putteth away
sleep." That seems to have been the
general attitude of the Bages toward
the female aspect of affairs. He enlarges
on the subject in another place:
"I will rather dwell with a lion and
a dragon than keep house with a
wicked woman. The wickednoss of a
woman cliangeth the look and darkeneth
her countenance as a bear doth.
Her husband shall sit at meat among
his neighbors, and when he heareth
it he slgheth bitterly. All malice is
but little to the malice of a woman;
let the portion of a sinner fall on her.
As the going up a sandy way is to the
febt of the aged, sc is a wife full of
words to a quiet man. A wicked woman
is abasement of heart, and sadness
of countenance, and a wounded heart.
A woman that will not make her husband
happy is as hands that hang
down, and palsied knees. From a
woman was the beginning of sin, and
because of her we all die. A silent
woman is a gift of the Lord."
The "wickedness" to which so much
exception was taken seems tc have
Deen contentiousness. The wise man
of the East, desirous of leading a contemplative
life, was simply worn to
death by an Ill-tempered, talkative
wife. That was why a silent woman
?was a gift of the Lord The only bit
of conversation on the part of Socrates
with Xantlppe that Is recalled Is
the word, "Hush!"
Fat Woman Has Light Fingers.
Step lively. Watch your step. Also j
keep your eye on any fat woman riding
In the subway. To add to the various
and extensive difficulties of subway
travel there has appeared over
the underground horixon within the
last three aeeks a very stout woman
with big and light hands who Is collecting
pocketbooks. She Is very 1
quick, very crafty In her general conduct
and has been very, very successful.
I.ast night while one of the woman
passengers was absorbed in reading
the back of a newspaper which belonged
to a man across the aisle, the
door opened, many left and as It was
about to shut again the stout woman
leaped up, hit the tired-looking man
on the hat and fled, announcing that
it was their station. Everyone present
smiled and so did the woman, who
was reading the other man's newspaper,
until she looked for her pocket- j
duuk, wnicn naa neen on tier lap. The
train bad left the station and there
was nothing to be done Scores of
complaints have been recorded, and
uniesa the stout woman exercises with
frightful energy to dirifuldd herself
business is going to slow np abruptly.
?New York Times.
Couldn't Feaze Pat Man.
One ot those post-Christmas stories
that are tola Bene Zene.
"On a Payne avenue car, Christmas
eve, a meek looking man occupied a
front cross scat in the hack end of the
car. (It can be done. Ed ) A 230pounder
came in and slammed himself
down upon the vacant end of the seat.
The meek-looker fidgeted, showed
signs of distress, rose arid crawled out,
and as he went he said: Yra can have
it. Help yourself. ThiS is Christmas.'
He took a side seat and said to a passenger.
*iie wanted my seat. He got
it. Take a squint at him?looks like a
funny picture in a paper. Some of
the passengers smiled, sprite fcuffawed.
but it didn't feaze thP big fellow. ;
When a few blocks further on the
meek-looker got off, the fat man gave
him a generous grin, waved his hand
and shouted, Merry Christmas!'"?
Cleveland Leader.
In Golf Term?.
"Yes I era learning to shave my
self."
"What progress ?"
"Ob, I -an go over the course ia lib*
or thereabouts"? Loutsviils Courier
tltaMnL.
>RT MILL, SOUTH CAROLINA
make your ownl |
?paint;
r VOII will SAVE
j&Ss&f'f'f 5S els. PER GAL.
"j|^pk^_a this is how i
.?7 yBuy 4 gala. L ft M. Sealiwltcd
Real I's'nl $g.w
JfMJ I And 3 gals. Linsacd Oil
I to mix with it at
TV ' I estimated cost cf 2.70
11 I Mak"9 7 P*1 for $11.70
1A/1 1 It's only $1.67 per gal.
Ma4e with right proportion*
ol LEAD. ZINC end UNSEED OIL,
to Insure longest wear.
In asm oamr 40 ymars
Use a gallon out of any you
buy and if not the best paint
made, then return the paint
and get all your money back.
J. J. Bailes,
Luther Hdwe Co., Columbia,
W W Cooler & Son, Chester,
J W Copeland Co., Clinton,
John D Wood, Greer.
Wood's Productive
Seed Corns.
Our Virginia-grown Seed
Corns have an established
reputation for superiority in
productiveness and germinating
qualities.
Wood's Descriptive Catalog
tells about the best of prize-winning
and profit-making varieties in
both White and Yallow Corns.
Cotton Seed.
We offer the best and most improved
varieties, grown in sections
absolutely free from boll weevil.
Our Catalog gives prices and information,
and tclis about the best of
Southern Seeds,
100-DAY VELVET BEANS. Soja
Bean*. SUDAN GRASS. Dallia Gra?.
and ail Sorghum* and Millet*.
Catalog mailed free on request.
T.W.WOOD Cf SONS,
SEEDSMEN, - Richmond, Va.
EXCURSION FARES
Via Southern Railway to Columbia,
S. C., Account South
Carolina Teachers' Association,
March 16-18, 1916.
The bouthern Railway will sell very
low round trip fare tickets to Columbia,
S. C., account ol the above occasion;
tickets on sale March 15th and
ltith, with final limit returning March
20th. The following fares will apply
from points named.
Newberry. $1.55
Greenwood, 2.75
Abbeville, 8.20
Anderson, 3.90
Greenville, _ 3.60
Spartanburg, 3.05
Union, 2.25
Rock Hill, 2.75
Chester, 2.15
Orangeburg,. 1.76
Charleston, 4.10
Aiken,. 2.45
Winnsboro, 1.40
York, 3.00
Proportionately low fares from other
DOilltS. For fli'tililoH infnrniut inn un/1
schedules, apply to local agents or correspond
wiih S. H. McLean, District
Passenger Agent, Columbia, S. C.
Schedule of Services
Fort Mill Circuit of M. E. Church, South,
for the Year 1916.
Fort Mill Church?1st and 3rd Sundays
at 11 a. in., and 4th Sunday at
night. Sunday school every Sunday
morning. Womans' Missionary society
every 1st Sunday afternoon.
Pleasant Hill Church?1st and 3rd
Sundays at 3:30 p. m. Sunday school
every Sunday afternoon at 2:30o'clock.
Philadelnhia Church ?2nd Snndav nt
i 1 a. m.; 4th Sunday at 3:80 p. m. Sunday
school every Sunday morning, (4th
Sunday at 3:30 p. m.)
India Hook Church?4th Sunday at 11 !
a. m.; 2nd Sunday at 3:30 p. m. Sun- :
day school every Sunday afternoon, j
(4th Sunday 10:00 a. m.)
E. Z. JAMES, Pastor.
Rubbing Eases Pain
Rubbing sends the liniment
tingling through the flesh and
quickly rftops pain. Demand r*
liniment th&tyoucan rub with.
The beft rubbing liniment is
MUSTANG
LINIMENT
I
Good for the Ailment* of
Horses, Mules, Cattle, Etc.
Good for your own Aches,
Pains, Rheumatism, Sprains,
Cuts, Burns, Etc.
25c. 50c. $!. At >n Dernier*.
BITT hSb KssaUjr Msdtcla >.
_ .. - !\
pg ~ W> : ' ;
i
CALOMEL DYNAMITE
MAKES YOM SICK
"Otfsn's Unr Tom" Stirts Your Liver i J
Btttrr Tbti Calomel and You Don* 9
Lisa a Day's Work '?J
Liven up your sluggish liver! Feel
fine and cheerful; make your work a
pleasure; be vigorous and full of arabi- m
tlon. But take no nasty, dangerous *
calomel because it makes you sick and ?vc
you may lose a day's work* ar
Calomel is mercury or ouieksilvcr RV
which causes necrosis of the bones.
Calomel crashes into sour bile like ta
dynamite, breaking it up. That's when sa
you feel that awful nausea aud cramping, M
Listen to me! If you want to enjoy Li
the nicest, gentlest liver and bowel nc
cleansing you ever experienced just take tli
a spoonful of harmless Dodsyn'ts Liver ce
I rr~~i
I i| Great J|
| |: Serials tj
| The year 1916
!| will be crowded with ^
the very best reading in
The^isC
9 Great Serials 2
CUT THIS OUT &
and send It (or the name of this paper) P'
with $2.00 for The COMPANION d?
for 1916. and we will send pi
rprr auik. ummo? the com. *r
r I\C.C PANION for tkio remaining .
weeks of 1915. 8*
cdpr the companion home *
r IxH.IL calendar for 191?. S?
TUrV The 52 Weekly beaes of P'
1 THE COMPANION fer 191C. __
T1
SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVI
I ki nTK1
We hnve the exclusive* selling ri^
Trial sire. I1
ARDREY'S DRl
Let Us Fill Your F
JOB PRI
The Times, 1
' ?
:S YOUR LIVER!
JND SALIVATES
>ne tonight. Your druggist or dealo: 4
lis you n 50 cent bottle of Dodson';
rer Tone undrr my personal money
.ck. guarantee that each spoonful wiii
?an your sluggish liver better than a
>se of nasty calomel and that it won'-,
ake you sick.
Dodson's Liver Tone is real liver
edicine. You'll know it next morning
cause you will wake up feeling fin.',
iur liver will be working; headache
id dizziness gone; stomach will lie
reet and boweU regular.
Dodson's Liver Tone is entirely vegpble,
therefore harmless and can not
.livatc. Give it to your?childrcn.
illions of people are using Dodson's
iver Tone instead of dangerous calomel
>\v. Your druggist will tell you that
e 9ale of Calomel is almost stopped
itirely here.
oi^pnion
50 Short Stories
ire Articles. Nature and Science, <'
iceptional Editorial Page, Family (|
ige. Boys' Page, Girls' Page, Chil- |i
en's Page. All ages liberally <j
ovided for. (,
wice as much at any magazine |i
ves in a year. Fifty-two times
year?not twelve. \
;nd to-day to The Youth's Com- s
inion, Boston, Mass., for 5
tREE CURRENT ISSUES - FREE. S
ELD AT THIS OFFICE <
V
WKfiwrngm
IlTZTTTTSK ZTT7!V
1T i v'rT i t-T-*
I |Xv7*j7^|
*9&%JO&3* Storm
lits for 11?i? prr<>:it laxative.
I? cents.
JG STORE *
*Jext Order For
NTING.
Fort Mill.