University of South Carolina Libraries
" Uses and A. I By Prof. R. J. H. De Loach, -L THE USE OF COMI The Firat of Wo would not bo disposed to commercial fertiliser*, but only grew in the Southern United St generation Inherited the habit < been taugtit the underlying prin The use of some kind of manti creasing the yields goes back to people applied animal manures centuries ago, applied manures c with phenomenal results. In V early as the middle of the last < value of Guano by the Peruvian Bousingault speaks of seeing year for two centuries, and the ine practice of using miner* ru to the United States in the as we find above. It had alrea way Into the United States, but application of minerals to soi know this is true, but all evlde to us therefore that we know i The First The first man In the Southern Dickson, of Sparta, Oa., who si can Farmer published in Baltli more successful farmer than dollars farming, and who was a the use of mineral fertilizers, duced into the United States, he lng that it paid him, bought It and 1856, when he "went into doubt the first instance of the cotton in the United States. The universal success with w ruvian guano led many other and in every reported case, su to believe that the appli cotton and other crops in the i dent. Its success was unqucstic A quickly available manure wai once applied results were evid After a time it was found tha cipally nitrogen, produced too yield of fruit, and hence its n?< The First About this time the war be time the discovery of the potasl market of various kinds of in ings of Von Liebig of German? - pion in ttie world of agriculturi ularlty of Peruvian guano rubs eitti question of the use oi mi and the students of agriculture Two great contributing facto South are first the abolition c tural education. Before the w growing rami crops in the Sout slaves to "take in more land " for any artificial manure. It creating agricultural colleges i gan a campaign for linprovini public expense were begun on i make greater use of plant foodc of tillage. This, of course, cam eral plant foods, and out of v fertilisers. From this great di all parts of the country. All 1 good, and some was not, but n no restrictions and many of th would ?nell strong and that ci count of slate laws did not las' resume of the part taken in it Uses and A. I By Prof. R. J. H. De Loach 2. INTELLIGENT USI The Second c Alt state institutions have in the early fifties. State org part in the building up of the ti it for granted that the trade i and have therefore framed law every state where fertilizer is i passed exacting certain requir? grades, etc. llesides the trade, the consumer and offer for sa mixers. We may say without states themselves are largely fertilizer trade. It has long been recognizi lines of science. This is perha early years. Germany discove crops increased the yields imnu lying causes, and has suggested r-ble lessons on her findings, tures on modern agriculture, ha in the early history of the use Kuhlman, a German agricultura in the yeHrs 1845 and 1846, and ered 8,140 pounds of hay more did not use the salammoniac. , pounds of salammoniac to the a In commenting upon this 1 quite certain, that in the action hirhest after the Chili saltpetf ammonia contained in it. On with carbonate and nitrate of or nitrogen, equivalent to that the same conditions, was almas Fertilizer E A 11 >?i~ ?? 1? - *? me ltiiiiici liluilK lie t comportment of the soil toward knowledge we possess of their the soil, by its physical condi salts of ammonia, of chloride the earthly phosphates in th< some light on their action, or o This statement was made beca salt was added to certain mil and Von Liebig came to the co this added material to the liber Only a short time after tl ash beds wore discovered and b in favor with planters as wel ing a combination to liberate and thorough satisfaction was the potash salts, and here the claim, however, that Tribasic p was found efficient. This fact covered by a constant study o salts. Liebig thought that the of dissolving phosphoric acid ii in turn added greatly to the yle Germany's Crop Yi< We have here many hints facts?nnmely that the three f applied to the soil for good cr potash. For many years thes elements of plant food in a fer Today Oermany anpltes mc any other nation in the world yields of fat in crops than an; two facts are so closely relatei has learned the lesson of got vegetable matter in the soil, cropping with any single crop, on which the most money can are the tends that will give gre ~. t?' ai.* .... '.S "S ". - * ? mses of Fertilizers Director of Georgia Experiment Station. MERCIAL FERTILIZERS?HISTORY. ' a Series of Six Articles. try to gfcve a complete history of the use of to show how this great Industry began and ates. Generally speaking, the farmers of this of applying fertilizers to soils, but have not ciples of the industry. ires on soils with crops for the purpose of in- j ancient times. We know that many ancient to their soils for tbls purpose. The Chinese, >f various kinds to their soils and gardens and on Tshudi's Travels in Peru we find that as :entury notes were being taken on the actual s. fields in Peru on which wheat grew every i yield still high and the growers prosperous, il fertilizers was introduced direct from Peyear 1846, and was based on such reports dy been used in England before it found its Peru seems to be the country in which the is as plant food originated. We do not nee points to this. It is of greater Interest about the customs in Peru. Use of Peruvian Guano. States to use this Peruvian guano was David iw an advertisement of it. in the old Amerimore. The South has perhaps never had a David Dixon, who mada many millions of , i pioneer in many other lines as well as in In the year 1846, the year after it was Intro- i > bought three sacks and used it, and on And- j t in increasing quantities till the year 1855 it fully." As is suggested above this is no use of a concentrated mineral fertiliser on j hich Mr. Dickson met in the use of this Peprominent farmers to follow his example, ccess followed its use. We are constrained cation of this mineral fertilizer to the South could not possibly have been an acclmably based on the actual needs of the soil, s what the crop needed, and when this was ent. it the Peruvian guano, which contained prinmuch stalk and not much increase in the > was somewhat discouraged for a season. Use of German Potash. tween the States began, and at the same h beds of Germany, also, the offering on the ineral fertilizers resulting from the teachwho was at that time the greatest chaiu? and its possibilities. As a result the popided and more study was given to the genn?rs?l manures, both by farmers themselves rs to the rise of the fertilizer trade in the if slavery, and second, the rise of agricular the question of land was secondary. If h "wore the land out," there were plenty of It was cheaper to take in land than to pay i 1862, the Morrill Bill passed Congress, n the various states, after which there be ; methods in agriculture. Experiments at at small scale, and the public was induced to > of all kinds, as well as to improve methods ted an immediate increase in the use of min/hich grew demands for great quantities of ?mand there sprang up fertilizer factories in cinds of materials were tried out, some was uuch of both kinds used. The factories had em palmed off on the farmers anything that mild be put *n jacks. This condition on acl lung. We begin the next article hy giving a le rise of the trade by the states themselves iuses of Fertilizers I , Director of Georgia Experiment Station. E OF FERTILIZERS IN GERMANY. >f a Series of Six Articles. fostered the fertiliser trade since its origin animations of all kinds have taken a lively ade, and in later years the states have taken s profitable to farmers and merchants alike, bfs to regulate its manufacture and sale. In iold in appreciable quantities laws have been >menta of the manufacturer, as to analyses, over-ambitious, might forget its obligation to ; le inferior material under the name of fer- j I fear of successful contradiction that the responsible for the rise and volume ot the ed that Germany leads the world in many ps true in regard to the use of fertilizers in , red that mineral salts applied to growing msely, and gave time and study to the under- 1 1 to the other parts of the world many valu Von Liebig, through his studies and lecs made known much of the work of Germany > of commercial fertilizers. Liebig says that 1 sciential, applied salammoniac to a meadow found that on a hectare (2>4 acres) he gaththan on the same kind of meadow where he He secured this result by using about 200 ere. Von Liebig has the following to say: "It is of the guano, which produced the crop next r, an unmistakable part was played by the the other hand, however, the experiments ammonia show that a quantity of ammonia, in 20 pounds of guano and employed under 1 without effect." Experiments In Germany. .ays: "The most recent observations on the Is the food of plants show how slight is the mode of nourishment, and of the part which tion. plays in it. The comportment of the of sodium, and of nitrate of soda, towards i soil, may perhaps assist us in throwing ne of their actions, on the growth of plants. * use it was always found that when common ncral manures, greater yield was obtained, nclusion that this wan due to the relation of ation of potash in the soils, tie war between the states the German poty rapid leaps and hounds this material gained 1 as experimenters. The necessity for flndtbe potash in the soils was now removed found in the use of the nitrate of soda and industry stood for a long time. Liebig does ihosphate of lime crept into the formula and is very significant and happened to be disf the uce of the nitrate of soda and potash so two plant food materials bad the power ra the form of earthly phosphates, and theae Id of farm crons. slds Greater Than Othar Nation*. of what afterwards really developed to bn treat elements of plant food that should be op yields are phosphoric acid, ammonia and e three elemonts have been the essential tllizer formula. ire mineral salts per acre to her crops than I, and partly aa a consequence gets higher i y other natlen. It is significant that these A, but it must be remembered that Oermany id tillage?deep plowing, the proper use of and the dangerous praotice of continuous It ir also to be remembered that the lands be cleared without any kinds of fertilisers ntest praAs with ieHiiiaara ' ;| wC* - ' ; -. THE fORT MILL TIMES, f< PUZZLED OVER WOMEN | t . _________ FEMALE 8EX A MYSTERY TO THE HEBREW SAOEB. Classed With Fools as Subjects Asyond Comprehension ? Remarks Made by Author of the Book of Ecclesiastlcus. Two subjects seem to has% occupied the attention of the Hebrew sages to a marked degree. They are always incurring to them. In the midst of maxims about the conduct of life the sage cannot forbear to take a side swipe at fools and women. He finds them both beyond comprehension. Tn EPt h i H nnint r?f vlaw 1* la narai. sary to remember that there were no asylums in the Orient. Every village had its imbeciles, who were a feature of the town life. The villace fool was a far more prominent person in the ancient East, and forced himself much more on public attention than the feeble-minded person of today, who , usually is kept in the backcround. As for women? Well, the ancient world never was able to make them out any way. Their Incessant chatterlnc was evidently a great annoyance to the solemn, white-bearded patriarchs. One of the most human of the ancient sages was the author of the Book of EcclesiasHcus in the Apocrypha, JeBUs, the son of Slrach. His book has a distinct flavor, a quality that makes it entertaining reading. The imagination pictures him a man of gracious dignity, reserved, serious, taking his obligations with the gravity of his race. Experience has disclosed to him most of the mysteries of the world?except women. "A daughter," he confesses, "is a secret cause of wakefulness to a father, and the care of her putteth away sleep." That seems to have been the general attitude of the Bages toward the female aspect of affairs. He enlarges on the subject in another place: "I will rather dwell with a lion and a dragon than keep house with a wicked woman. The wickednoss of a woman cliangeth the look and darkeneth her countenance as a bear doth. Her husband shall sit at meat among his neighbors, and when he heareth it he slgheth bitterly. All malice is but little to the malice of a woman; let the portion of a sinner fall on her. As the going up a sandy way is to the febt of the aged, sc is a wife full of words to a quiet man. A wicked woman is abasement of heart, and sadness of countenance, and a wounded heart. A woman that will not make her husband happy is as hands that hang down, and palsied knees. From a woman was the beginning of sin, and because of her we all die. A silent woman is a gift of the Lord." The "wickedness" to which so much exception was taken seems tc have Deen contentiousness. The wise man of the East, desirous of leading a contemplative life, was simply worn to death by an Ill-tempered, talkative wife. That was why a silent woman ?was a gift of the Lord The only bit of conversation on the part of Socrates with Xantlppe that Is recalled Is the word, "Hush!" Fat Woman Has Light Fingers. Step lively. Watch your step. Also j keep your eye on any fat woman riding In the subway. To add to the various and extensive difficulties of subway travel there has appeared over the underground horixon within the last three aeeks a very stout woman with big and light hands who Is collecting pocketbooks. She Is very 1 quick, very crafty In her general conduct and has been very, very successful. I.ast night while one of the woman passengers was absorbed in reading the back of a newspaper which belonged to a man across the aisle, the door opened, many left and as It was about to shut again the stout woman leaped up, hit the tired-looking man on the hat and fled, announcing that it was their station. Everyone present smiled and so did the woman, who was reading the other man's newspaper, until she looked for her pocket- j duuk, wnicn naa neen on tier lap. The train bad left the station and there was nothing to be done Scores of complaints have been recorded, and uniesa the stout woman exercises with frightful energy to dirifuldd herself business is going to slow np abruptly. ?New York Times. Couldn't Feaze Pat Man. One ot those post-Christmas stories that are tola Bene Zene. "On a Payne avenue car, Christmas eve, a meek looking man occupied a front cross scat in the hack end of the car. (It can be done. Ed ) A 230pounder came in and slammed himself down upon the vacant end of the seat. The meek-looker fidgeted, showed signs of distress, rose arid crawled out, and as he went he said: Yra can have it. Help yourself. ThiS is Christmas.' He took a side seat and said to a passenger. *iie wanted my seat. He got it. Take a squint at him?looks like a funny picture in a paper. Some of the passengers smiled, sprite fcuffawed. but it didn't feaze thP big fellow. ; When a few blocks further on the meek-looker got off, the fat man gave him a generous grin, waved his hand and shouted, Merry Christmas!'"? Cleveland Leader. In Golf Term?. "Yes I era learning to shave my self." "What progress ?" "Ob, I -an go over the course ia lib* or thereabouts"? Loutsviils Courier tltaMnL. >RT MILL, SOUTH CAROLINA make your ownl | ?paint; r VOII will SAVE j&Ss&f'f'f 5S els. PER GAL. "j|^pk^_a this is how i .?7 yBuy 4 gala. L ft M. Sealiwltcd Real I's'nl $g.w JfMJ I And 3 gals. Linsacd Oil I to mix with it at TV ' I estimated cost cf 2.70 11 I Mak"9 7 P*1 for $11.70 1A/1 1 It's only $1.67 per gal. Ma4e with right proportion* ol LEAD. ZINC end UNSEED OIL, to Insure longest wear. In asm oamr 40 ymars Use a gallon out of any you buy and if not the best paint made, then return the paint and get all your money back. J. J. Bailes, Luther Hdwe Co., Columbia, W W Cooler & Son, Chester, J W Copeland Co., Clinton, John D Wood, Greer. Wood's Productive Seed Corns. Our Virginia-grown Seed Corns have an established reputation for superiority in productiveness and germinating qualities. Wood's Descriptive Catalog tells about the best of prize-winning and profit-making varieties in both White and Yallow Corns. Cotton Seed. We offer the best and most improved varieties, grown in sections absolutely free from boll weevil. Our Catalog gives prices and information, and tclis about the best of Southern Seeds, 100-DAY VELVET BEANS. Soja Bean*. SUDAN GRASS. Dallia Gra?. and ail Sorghum* and Millet*. Catalog mailed free on request. T.W.WOOD Cf SONS, SEEDSMEN, - Richmond, Va. EXCURSION FARES Via Southern Railway to Columbia, S. C., Account South Carolina Teachers' Association, March 16-18, 1916. The bouthern Railway will sell very low round trip fare tickets to Columbia, S. C., account ol the above occasion; tickets on sale March 15th and ltith, with final limit returning March 20th. The following fares will apply from points named. Newberry. $1.55 Greenwood, 2.75 Abbeville, 8.20 Anderson, 3.90 Greenville, _ 3.60 Spartanburg, 3.05 Union, 2.25 Rock Hill, 2.75 Chester, 2.15 Orangeburg,. 1.76 Charleston, 4.10 Aiken,. 2.45 Winnsboro, 1.40 York, 3.00 Proportionately low fares from other DOilltS. For fli'tililoH infnrniut inn un/1 schedules, apply to local agents or correspond wiih S. H. McLean, District Passenger Agent, Columbia, S. C. Schedule of Services Fort Mill Circuit of M. E. Church, South, for the Year 1916. Fort Mill Church?1st and 3rd Sundays at 11 a. in., and 4th Sunday at night. Sunday school every Sunday morning. Womans' Missionary society every 1st Sunday afternoon. Pleasant Hill Church?1st and 3rd Sundays at 3:30 p. m. Sunday school every Sunday afternoon at 2:30o'clock. Philadelnhia Church ?2nd Snndav nt i 1 a. m.; 4th Sunday at 3:80 p. m. Sunday school every Sunday morning, (4th Sunday at 3:30 p. m.) India Hook Church?4th Sunday at 11 ! a. m.; 2nd Sunday at 3:30 p. m. Sun- : day school every Sunday afternoon, j (4th Sunday 10:00 a. m.) E. Z. JAMES, Pastor. Rubbing Eases Pain Rubbing sends the liniment tingling through the flesh and quickly rftops pain. Demand r* liniment th&tyoucan rub with. The beft rubbing liniment is MUSTANG LINIMENT I Good for the Ailment* of Horses, Mules, Cattle, Etc. Good for your own Aches, Pains, Rheumatism, Sprains, Cuts, Burns, Etc. 25c. 50c. $!. At >n Dernier*. BITT hSb KssaUjr Msdtcla >. _ .. - !\ pg ~ W> : ' ; i CALOMEL DYNAMITE MAKES YOM SICK "Otfsn's Unr Tom" Stirts Your Liver i J Btttrr Tbti Calomel and You Don* 9 Lisa a Day's Work '?J Liven up your sluggish liver! Feel fine and cheerful; make your work a pleasure; be vigorous and full of arabi- m tlon. But take no nasty, dangerous * calomel because it makes you sick and ?vc you may lose a day's work* ar Calomel is mercury or ouieksilvcr RV which causes necrosis of the bones. Calomel crashes into sour bile like ta dynamite, breaking it up. That's when sa you feel that awful nausea aud cramping, M Listen to me! If you want to enjoy Li the nicest, gentlest liver and bowel nc cleansing you ever experienced just take tli a spoonful of harmless Dodsyn'ts Liver ce I rr~~i I i| Great J| | |: Serials tj | The year 1916 !| will be crowded with ^ the very best reading in The^isC 9 Great Serials 2 CUT THIS OUT & and send It (or the name of this paper) P' with $2.00 for The COMPANION d? for 1916. and we will send pi rprr auik. ummo? the com. *r r I\C.C PANION for tkio remaining . weeks of 1915. 8* cdpr the companion home * r IxH.IL calendar for 191?. S? TUrV The 52 Weekly beaes of P' 1 THE COMPANION fer 191C. __ T1 SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVI I ki nTK1 We hnve the exclusive* selling ri^ Trial sire. I1 ARDREY'S DRl Let Us Fill Your F JOB PRI The Times, 1 ' ? :S YOUR LIVER! JND SALIVATES >ne tonight. Your druggist or dealo: 4 lis you n 50 cent bottle of Dodson'; rer Tone undrr my personal money .ck. guarantee that each spoonful wiii ?an your sluggish liver better than a >se of nasty calomel and that it won'-, ake you sick. Dodson's Liver Tone is real liver edicine. You'll know it next morning cause you will wake up feeling fin.', iur liver will be working; headache id dizziness gone; stomach will lie reet and boweU regular. Dodson's Liver Tone is entirely vegpble, therefore harmless and can not .livatc. Give it to your?childrcn. illions of people are using Dodson's iver Tone instead of dangerous calomel >\v. Your druggist will tell you that e 9ale of Calomel is almost stopped itirely here. oi^pnion 50 Short Stories ire Articles. Nature and Science, <' iceptional Editorial Page, Family (| ige. Boys' Page, Girls' Page, Chil- |i en's Page. All ages liberally <j ovided for. (, wice as much at any magazine |i ves in a year. Fifty-two times year?not twelve. \ ;nd to-day to The Youth's Com- s inion, Boston, Mass., for 5 tREE CURRENT ISSUES - FREE. S ELD AT THIS OFFICE < V WKfiwrngm IlTZTTTTSK ZTT7!V 1T i v'rT i t-T-* I |Xv7*j7^| *9&%JO&3* Storm lits for 11?i? prr<>:it laxative. I? cents. JG STORE * *Jext Order For NTING. Fort Mill.