*
A PEN P
OF GLI
t
Works for We
Wi
l'icturo a country estate of 1,500
acres, with stately buildings placed at
elevated points to form a great irregular
circle of half a milo in diameter.
Inclose in this cirelo a beautiful grove
of native oaks, threaded by smooth
driveways and paths and cement sidewalks.
Turn to the north and for a
background outline against the sky at
a distance of 20 miles, range after
range of mountains, the home of the
Highlands, of Caesar's Head, Whitesides
and other lofty peaks of the lllue
Kidge. Think of these mountains as
in summer clothed with verdure,
standing out black against the horizon,
and in winter often white with
snow. Take for the southern boundary
a river of Indian lineage and
follow in its sweeping crookedness the
swift and turbulent Seneca as it twists
this way and that to mark the conllnes
of the estate. And to this setting add
broad expanses of river bottom lands
green with coin, steep hillsides sinuous
with level grassy terraces and cool
pastures with winding brooks and
graceful shade trees and you have a
picture of t.'lemson College, not colored
to suit the canvas of an artist,
but as seen every year by nearly a
thousand young South Carolinians
who seek amid these surroundings an
education that will prepare them for
self-respecting, self-supporting citizenship.
A Storied Spot.
Clenison College is a unique blending
of the old and the new, of the historic
with the now. Just across the
road from the cadet do- mltories,
which every session house over 8ou
young men, and in sight of the new
electric power station that day or
night beats as the industrial heart of
the community, is the white columned
mansion of the Illustrious John C. Calhoun.
One can almost picture the
great statesman, as with hands behind
htm he paces the avenues of
cedar and oak, putting into form those
matchless ideals of patriotism whose
fulfillment ho never lived to see.
About 50 yards to the rear of the
mansion is a queer little one-story
room structure with columned porch
to match the mansion. This was the
"study" of the great statesman, and
here wore written many of his great
orations. Under this littlo study,
which is about 20 feet square, is dug
a deep pit in which ice cut in winter
was stored for summer use. How the
seasons must have changed, for only
during one or two winters of the 20
which the writer has spent in the "up
country" has ice formed in suiiicient
thickness to justify such ample storage.
In the old mansion arc many historic
relies, including a chair used by
(h n. tleorge Washington, and a sevenfoot
mohair-covered lounge 011 the
back of which is carved the American
eagle. It is said that the engraving
on our coins was copied from this
curving.
The old mansion with Its historic
memories, the peer of the Hermitage,
Mount Vernon and Montlcello, is a
GROWING COWPEA
WONDERFUL 1
Hy J. N. Harper, Director, S. C. Ex
periment Station.
t
The cow pea is the best leguminous i
crop for the South. It produces hay I
fully equal to red clover. It resists [
drouth and a stand is easily secured, j
It Is well adapted to nearly every type
of soil in thu South, and has few diseases
and Insect pests, and is a wonderful
soil improver, as it not only
adds large amounts of nitrogen to
the soil, but also puts the soil in the I
best physical condition. This crop
has been grown for a great number of
years in the South, but its full importance
to Southern agriculture has
not yet been fully realized.
The seed can either be sown broadeast
or in rows. If wanted for seed,
they should be planted in rows three
feet apart and cultivated. When
sown broadcast no cultivation is required.
However, more seed must be
used. The cow pea should not be
planted in the spring until the ground
is thoroughly warm and all danger
of frost is passed. While the cowpea
- plant is well adapted to all kinds of
soils, it Is best suited to a warm,
sandy soil. The hay from cowpeas is
fully equal to that of red clover and
the best varieties for hay purposes
are the Unknown, Wonderful, Iron
Clay, Whippoorwill, lted Itipper, Itod
t'rowder, Calico ami the New Kru.
I,and containing the fungus which
causes wilt should be sown to the
Iron variety, which resists the root
knot and wilt disease. The best va
I
ICTURE
iMSON
.EGE
lfare in Many
lys
priceless State and national asset, and
should be a perennial source of inspiration
to succeeding generations of
young South Carolinians who are
privileged to live for four years in the
shadow of its historic walls.
Many are wont to ask why the college
does not bear the name of Calhoun
instead of the name of his sonin-law,
Tiios. <_?. Clonison. The answer
is that nowhere does it appear in the
records that Mr. Calhoun ever wished
or planned the erection of an industrial
and technical college on the old
homestead. The complete story of
Mr. Clctnson's part in the founding of
the college is too long to be told lieje.
A Vast l'lant.
The college tract contains over 1,500
acres. On the property, there are 23
principal public buildings, 70 dwellings
and 0 1 minor Imilflimips 'I'll,, ? .>!
lego lias in its employ 10 1 touchers,
ollicors and laborers. Its inventoried
property is $ 1,3117,728.57. The ollicers
oi the college send out yearly
over 35,000 letters and over 135,000
other pieces of mail matter, most ot
which give agricultural information.
In addition to the parent station,
the college maintains two branch experiment
stations?one near Suinniervillo
and the oilier at Florence. One
more to be situated in the sand hill
section of the State, just as soon as
funds will permit, will complete a
system representing the principal soil
types of the State.
The enrollment lias grown from 4 11>
students in 1SU3 to 831. Originally
there were but two courses of study
now there are 13. In addition to
these regular degree courses, there is
a four weeks' course for farmers and
a one-session practical agricultural
course extending from October 1 to
June 1 for men over is.
The college main'ains ICS fouryear
scholarships and 51 one-year
scholarships, the cost of which,
amounting to nearly $33,000, is paid
out of the receipts from the fertilizer
tag tax.
l'uhlic Service.
llut the trustees of Clemson College
have not only organized an etlicient j
system of fertilizer inspection and an- |
alysis, by which the farmer gets value
received from the tax he pays, and
built and maintained a great agricultural
and mechanical college, but they
ha\e gone a step farther than is required
by their compact \v. the people
and have sought to return to those
who pay the tax in the shape of direct
service, all that could he spared
over and above the cost of operation
and building. The public service luis
grown as the fertilizer tax has grown,
now reaching an annual total of over
$ 1 uo.oou.
Clomson College, with its plant well
developed, its patronage assured and
ov< rllowing, its lines of public service
popular and ellicic-nt, has behind it a
creditable record of achievement, and
before it a future bright with the
promise of usefulness to South Carolina.
S THE SOUTH S
JEGUMINOUS CROP
rlrtles for seed are Whippoorwill,
New Kra, lied Hipper, Klack Eye,
lied Crowder, Early Bullock, Black
Bunch, Calvin and Clay, Calico,
Conch. Sport, Taylor, Warren's New
Hybrid. This station has obtained
19.6 bushels of seed per acre with the
Whippoorwill. Probably the best all
round variety is Whippoorwill. It is
erect in its growth, is medium early
in maturing its seed and a prolific
bearer.
The early varieties are New Era.
Warren's Extra Early, lied Crowder,
Whippoorwill, Extra Early llrown
Eye and Early Bullock.
Bale varieties are Taylor, Calico,
Clay. I'nknown, Wonderful and lied
Hipper.
The best varieties for soil Improvement
are I'nknown. Iron i'i-.e i>...i
Kipper, VVhippoorwill, lied I'rmvdiT I
iind New Era.
The following varieties are trailing
to rocumtient in th.ir growth: Calico,
Conch, New Era, Ked Kipper ami
Ked Crowder. Cowpeas should always
be well fertilized with acid phosphate
and some potash. On the sandy
soils of the coastal plain, a large
amount of potash should he used. At
our Coast Experiment Station little
growth was made until the soil was
sweetened with marl.
As the eowpea Is a legume and collects
large amounts of nitrogen from
the atmosphere by means of the bacteria
growing in the nodules on its
Supplement to FORT MILL TIMEJ"
roots. It requires little ammonia In the
fertilizer.
When Intended for hay, cow peas
should be planted broadcast with
some othei forage crop. German
millet and sorghum are probably the
best crops for this purpose. This station
has obtained as much as seven
tons of well cured hay from sorghum
and peas, two and one-half tons from
peas and crab grass, and three and
one-quarter tons from peas and mil
let.
The most valuable part of the pea
plant is the leaves, and the hay
should be cured in such a manner
that the largest amount ot leaves possible
should be retained with the hay.
For that reason the pea should not
remain long in the swath, but as soon
as the leaves are dry sullicicntly, the
hay should be raked in windrows for
a day or so, then it should be dried
out in cocks. A splendid way to cure
cow pea hay is to take it from the
windrow and slack it oil a pole about
six feet long, driven 111 the ground
with crossarms nailed horizontally,
the lowest being about eight inches
from tile ground.
The practical place of the cow pea
in rotation is alter small grain. As
soon as oats or wheat are cut, the
land should be disked and planted in
peas, sown broadcast, irom four to
six pecks per acre. This crop ot peas
will shade the ground and improve
the physical condition of the soil, will
add nitrogen to the soil and prepare
the land for the succeeding grain
crop.
As cow pea liu> is a most valuable
food, it should always be cul for liny.
However, it the object is to improve
the land the pea vines can be turned
under. 11 the succeeding crop, however,
is to be a small grain, it is better
to cut tile vines oft as the pea
villus will form a kind of mulch which
will make tlic soil \cry loose ;ind prevent
the proper use ol capillary
moisture t<> the small grain. Small
grain prefers a compact soil ruthci
liiaii a loose, porous soil.
It always pays to plant cow peas in
corn at the last plowing, it an carl}
maturing variety is planted at this
lime, such as the Wluppoorwill, New
Kra, or '1'aylor, the seed obtained will
tar oil set the expense and trouble ol
planting, and the peas growing in the
corn, instead of hindering the growth
of corn, will increase the } icld
slightly, and will put the land 111 better
condition for the succeeding grain
crop. Small one-horse drills now being
manutuclurcd for tin- purpose ol
drilling cowpcas in corn do the work
belter than it can be done by hand,
it always pays to plant a patch oi
peas mixed with soy beans as a hog
grazing crop. No machine has > el
been mauutaclured that will satisfactorily
pick peas. The thrashing,
however, can be accomplished by a
pea hullcr, which is far less expensive
than thrashing out with tlail.
In the sandy soils of the Coastal
Plain, llic wilt disease and root knot
disease is widely disseminated. No
method has yet been found for combating
these diseases, excepting tin
rotation of crops and the planting ol
wilt resistant cotton and the Iron
cow pea, which resists the wilt and
the root knot. Stored cowpcas should
always be treated with carbon bisulphide
to keep away weevils.
ri<.mix; Til 10 not si: i i,v.
I x' of l-'ly Trap, Srrri'iLs and Sprit)
Against Dangerous Pest.
By A. F. Conradi, State Hntomologist
and Head of Kntoinological Division,
Clemson College.
The house tly breeds mainly in moist
horse ami sow manure and privy
elosets. Unlike the stable tly it cannot
bite. lleforo thunderstorms and
on sultry days the stable tly molests
man with its bites and this leads to
the erroneous conclusion that the
house tly bites.
The eggs of the house tly are laid on
the-manure and hatch the same day.
In live days the maggot transforms to
the pupa or resting stage and in ten
days from the time the egg is laid tinfull
grown Insect appears. Its tlrst
impulse is to Unci something to eat.
and with the fresh tilth of its putrefactive
breeding place covering every
part of its body, it goes to the kitchen
whCre it samples the meat, bailies In
the milk, trails over the butter, licks
up the jelly, crawls over the baby's
| face and hands and then goes back to
the manure pile to lay eggs and return
to the house for more food.
Besides a general carrier of disease
and tilth, the house tly is known to
carry several of our most dangerous
diseases.
The campaign against the tly should
begin at the breeding ground.
Use the tly trap judiciously about
the barns, privy closets, kitchen door.
hog pens*aml other breeding places.
Circular 2.'1 of Clcmson College (fives
directions for iiiukintf traps and one
trap is in the hands of each of the
county demonstration agents where
it can he examined.
Avoid tilth or any other fly-attracting
material ahout tin- premises, sucli
as garbage or slops. Garbage and
kitchen refuse should lie kept in
tightly covered vessels. Never throw
it on the ground. It is sure to attract
Hies.
Screen privy closets. Have every
closet provided with a keg or barrel
of air slaked lime and use freely to
dry up the closet material.
Screen the house.
Manure is valuable. If removed
from stalls at a time when it cannot
be immediately spread on the field it
should be stored in a definite place,
preferably in a compost shed or pit.
To have manure scattered or placed at
>. Fori Mill. S. r Tuna 11 1Q1J
, J ? J ??V
numerous places about the barn Is
wasteful and it makes It very dillicult
to maintain sanitary conditions.
The spray for treating manure to
kill maggots is described in Circular
No. 113, of tlio experiment Station.
T11E COTTON REl) SPIDER.
Methods Recommended for Control
of Tills Insect Pest.
By A. F. Conradi, State Entomologist
and Head of Entomologist Division,
Clemson College.
During this dry weather one will
notice reddish areas on leaves of certain
plants. It is especially noticeable
on violets. The leavs soon turn
brown and become dry and brittle.
Many people cull it rust, but if one
stops to examine into the matter
closely he will lind little reddish colored
mites on the under surfaces of
the leaves. The characteristic web
can also be easily noticed. This is
the red spider. It is a dry weather
insect, and if not stopped, it often
does serious damage.
The cotton red spider is one of our
inimt it,,
vuiit ? unun pvsis uunug
Juiii', July and Augu.st. This, so far,
appears to he a favorable year, and
farmers should watch their cotton for
the lirst appearance of this pest. The
damugu occurs in spots in the Held.
I'oke weed and violet plants should
not he allowed 111 aiul ahoul plantations,
while underbrush should he
kept down as far as practicable.
As soon as the lirst infested plants
are discovered they should he carefully
removed and* uurued. Ulood red
spots will show oil the upper surface
ol leaves attacked. If tins is not
done then the insects will spread from
plant to plant and in a short time
cause the ruination of a large area ol
cotton. 'J'his migration has to lake
place on toot, as the insects have no
wings. This makes it at once apparent
that to a great extent at least it is
everybody's own problem, regardless
of his neighbors.
W believer the infestation spreads
and the infested spots become larger,
one of several sprays may he given.
1 h?- most satisfactory of these is potassium
sulfide, recommended by air.
K. A. McGregor, ol the liureau of
J Kntoniology. This material costs
about cents per pound, and the
spray consists of three pounds of potassium
sultide in luo gallons of
| water. In spraying, the under sides
nl the leaves should he thoroughly
covered. This is accomplished by
lllealis of an elbow ol I .< degrees. A
short oiie-ipiarter inch pipe makes a
good extension rod, and in the absence
of an elbow the end of this pipe
may be bent.
not; tllOl.l.KA AMI
HOW TO (ONTKOb IT.
Ity l>r. M. Kay l'owers. State Veterinarian
and Head of Veterinary
Division. Clenison 'Jollege.
There are two principal methods of
preventing hog cholera; one by the
use ?if serum, and the other by taking
care to avoid the methods of spreading
the disease, winch are here out- |
iiiicii urieiij.
Hog cholera is spread by failure
properly to dispose of the carcases of
dead hogs. Ituy.zards. doKS and other
animals feeding upon these carcasses
can carry infection to other premises.
All carcasses should be burned or
buried immediately, and buzzards
should be destroyed in communities
where they are not protected by law.
In communities where these scavengers
are thus protected, the law
should be repealed and the birds destroyed.
Another ver> common method of
spreading hog cholera is walking
through yards or lields where sick
hogs are kept and carrying the infection
on shoes and clothing to other
premises where healthy hogs are conlined.
It should be remembered that
discharges from hogs infected with
cholera are very infectious, and the
owners should not go or allow any of
their help to go on premises where
there are sick hogs. Neither should
they allow neighbors to go among
their hogs when cholera exists in the
community. llealthy hogs should be
cared for by persons who have not
been where the disease exists, and no
one else should be allowed mar the
healthy drove.
Cholera may be spread by streams
receiving drainage front infected
premises, by buying hogs from premises
where the diseaso exists, or from
public stock yards, or by failure to
isolate newly purchased hogs until
their freedom lrom disease has heen
ascertained. These three matters deserve
careful attention.
When cholera exists in a neighborhood
every hog owner should establish
a striet quarantine on his individual
premises. When the disease
exists on adjoining farms hogs should
be protected by injection with antihog
cholera serum.
The sudden death of one or two
hogs should lend the owner to suspect
cholera. If upon examination of the
carcasses cholera lesions are found,
all healthy hogs should be moved at
once to new lots or pens until they
can be injected with serum.
A farmer finding cholera among bis
bogs should at once apply to the
Veterinary Division, Clcmson College,
for serum, which is to be had at actual
cost of manufacture, and should
. ..i. uir M'nin > 111 ms county iarm
demonstration agent, who has been
instructed in list- of scrum.
It is the duty of all citizens to sec
that thi' State law relative to prompt
disposal of carcasses is strictly enforced.
tin: stati:
or rn i; cattij: tick.
Ity 1 >r. M. Hay Powers, State Veterinarian
and Head of Veterinary
l>i vision, Clcm.son College.
In July, 19'?7, the Veterinary I ?l \ I sion
of t'leinson College. in co-operation
with the P. S. Hureau of Animal
Industry, commenced tick eradication
work in Oconee, Pickens, Grcunville
and Anderson Counties. Since that
date this work has been gradually and
systematically extended until fourteen
counties are now free from tieks and
released from Federal Quarantine.
Systematic work has also been in
progress in six other counties for the
past year, and these should he in condition
for release this fall.
Prior to 1914 the expense of tick
eradication work was borne by Clemson
College and the P. S. Hnreau of
Animal Industry. With the exception
of ahout $*>00 (received from eiti/.ens
of those counties) no funds were avail
able from other sources. At the last
meeting of the General Assembly,
$30,000 was appropriated for co-operating
with the U. S. Bureau of Aniinul
Industry in the work of tick eradication
in South Carolina, this sum to
be expended through Cleiuson Collego.
Shortly after this appropriation
was received, arrangements were
made to place tick eradication under
an inspector who could devote his entire
time to this work. Tick eradication
is now being rapidly pushed into |
all tick infested counties of this State. '
UEIIMUDA THE BEST
SOUTHERN GRASS.
By J. N. Harper, Director S. C. Exper- J
intent Station, Clenison College.
I
Bermuda grass is tho most valua- j
ble grass the South possesses and is t
the best tor pasturage and lawn purposes.
Its true value is not yet appreciated
by its most ardent advocates.
There are several varieties or
types of this grass grown in the South
differing from each other mainly in
the size of steins and spiculets and in
hardiness. Some of tho smaller,
hardy types are from two to three
weeks earlier in making their growth
in tho early spring than are the
coarser varieties. There are other
species of grasses, such its wire grass'
and Egyptian grass, often mistaken
by farmers for Bermuda, and for this
reason Bermuda grass is sometimes!
denounced as being worthless by
farmers who have growing on their
farms the other species which are of
little value. . |
Bermuda grass, when grown on
well improved land and properly1
treated, will afford during six months
of the year its much grass its the average
blue grass pasture of Kentucky.
I have known one acre to furnish all
the food during the summer months
for six calves. Three acres of this
grass on improved land will pasture
tiflecn brood sows with their litters,
ttiey requiring no other food than
that afforded by live acres of foragt
crops. When grown ott rich bottom
lands and kept free from weeds and
properly fertilized, Bermuda grass affords
a sulelldlil i < I. i \v ..u i. . I
cut twice during the season, yielding
from tlircc to tour tons of excellent
ha), Bermuda hay is rich in eArboliydrates
ami makes as kooo>1 hay as
liinoliiy. It is well suited l'or work
stock, but is not so good for dairy
cattle.
Fortunately, we have discovered
that lierniuda grass is not a serious
weed enemy, for as it uocs not mature
seed to any extent in this country and
spreads only by underground and
overground stems it r an be easily kept
in cheek. As u is a tropical plant and
requires plenty of sunlight it can be
easily eradicated in two or three years
by shading it out by growing winlei
legumes, such as vetch, planted with
oats, followed by a summer legume,
such as cowpeas or velvet beans, lierniuda
does not damage cotton anything
like as much as does crab grass,
and a good crop of corn can be made
in the held badly infested with lioriiuirla
if properly cultivated, lierniuda
grass is of great belle-tit to the soil in
that it prevents it from washing, arlrls
humus to the soil and litis the soil
with innumerable fibrous roots which
produce the best form of humus, it
is an annual with perennial, underground
stems. If Bermuda is planted
in the fall it can be grown with oats
and vetch, or with hur clover, it is
a splendid plant for terrace bunks and
is also valuable to grow on railroad
and pond banks to prevent them from
caving in and washing away.
As it requires plenty of sunlight, it
will not grow Well in shaded places.
It can he propagated hy sowing the
seed at the rate of two pounds to the
acre or hy planting pieces of sod. A
good way to obtain a Bermuda sod is
to break the land with a turning plow
or disk plow and in every furrow drop
a small piece of sod every twelve
Inches, the next furrow covering it
from two to three inches deep. it
can L>e sodded almost any time during
the year, hut the hest time is ill
tlie early spring. slt should he planted
after some winter legume, such as
our clover, crimson clover, or vetch,
if planted iii the spring; and it
planted in the fall, should follow cowpeas,
soybeans, velvet beans or beggarweed.
After the land has been
plowed and the plants dropped, the
land .should be thoroughly harrowed
to make the pasture smooth and even.
Cattle should Lie turned into the
pasture as soon as possible. The beat
Bermuda pasture van bo ruined by
allowing weeds and other grasses to
Blow. Bur clover can bo sown in tinlull
in a Bermuda pasture. Bermuda
grass is usually ready for good pasture
by June 1st. Alter the pasture
has remained in Bermuda grass four
or live years, it should be plowed up
in the early spring and planted in
cowpeas. The eowpeas will improve
the physical condition of the soil and
will add nitrogen, which is most beneficial
to the Bermuda. If a Bermuda
pasture is allowed to run too long it
becomes sod-houml and a poor quality
of grass is produced. It is a heavy
feeder on nitrogen and should be fertilized
with an application of nitrate
of soda about the middle of every
April, using from f>o to loo pounds
per acre. Acid phosphate should heapplied
every four years at the rate of
full or loo pounds per acre. A good
time to apply this is at the time Unkind
is broken in the spring preparatory
for a crop of peas. One thousand
pounds of lime is also very beneficial.
This can be applied once every live or
six years. If Bermuda Is planted with
Texas blue grass, white clover and
common vetch a pasturo can bo obtained
that will afford good grazing
nine or ten months in the year.
iti:st i/rs 01 Toi?-i>iu:ssiN<i.
lti->t Times to Apply Nitrate of Soda
to Corn ami ('oltoii.
By T. K. Kcitt, Chemist, S. C. Kxperiinent
Station. Clemsoii Uoin-i'??
Results obtained at tlie South Carolina
experiment Station show that a
top-dressing with nitrMte of soda gives
good results on cotton, corn and small
grains. The Increase is most marked
during a wet year, because this nitrogen
is already in an immediately
available form, while the rotting of
the organic sources does not proceed
as rapidly us usual on account of t In
excess of moisture in tho soil. Tin
amount to apply per acre varies with
the fertility of the soil and the previous
fertilization, but we would suggest
from llfty pounds per acre on
poor land up, according t<> tho fertility
of the soil.
Karly applications are coming into
favor. We recommend that the soda
be applied to corn when it is between
knee and waist high, to cotton just as
the shapes begin to form, and to
small grain in March. Care should
be taken not to sow nitrate of soda
<>n wet plants, because it is likely to
scald them. It is best to apply it Just
after a rain, when the moisture has
dried off of the leaves of the plants,
then cultivate with ti mulch forming
implement as soon as ttic ground is
dry enough to plow. fi
"1
?
UASOLIX K KNGIX ES
ON Till-] MODERN 1-WKM.
Some Practical and Helpful Details in
Operating Tliis Aid to Panning.
lfy Styles Howard, Assistant l'rofessor
Machine Shop, Clemson College.
c>f the various power-producing
machines in use on llie farm, probably
lite most used and the most
adaptable to all sorts of conditions is
the single-cylinder gasoline engine of
the tour-stroke cycle type. This machine
is made in two forms, vertical
and horizontal, and with either air or
water-cooled cylinder.
While machines of different makers
vary as to detail, they all have the
same essential parts; namely, cylinder
with inlet and exhaust valves,
piston, connecting rod, crank shaft,
crank shaft bearings with supports,
lty wheels, exhaust valve opener, uov
ernor, ignition apparatus, carburetor,
cooling apparatus aiul oiling system.
These engines may be purchased in
sizes l'rom one-half horse power upward.
I'nlike the steam engine, with
whose pulling powers we are familiar,
the gasoline engine will not carry
much overload; hence it is advisable
to buy a machine large enough to do
the maximum work required of it
without overloading. If the engine is
to bo used for pumping only, small
special pumping machines that give
excellent service may be bought at a
reasonable price. If the farmer owns
but one engine, it is probably advisable
in all cases to procure a larger
machine than the small sizes, a machine
that will drive the wood saw,
the corn shelter, the feed grinder,
and so on. These machines give a
relatively high eltlciency at light
loads, and it is, therefore, not objectiotial
to run them light.
The farmer, for a small outlay of
money, can provide a room in which
he can set his engine and such machines
as he desires to run with it,
and his wood saw may occupy an open
sheil at the side of the room. A rod
of cold-rolled st< el, mounted in hangers
attached to the overhead woodwork,
makes ail excellent line shaft
at low cost. This shaft should run
lengthwise the lull length of the room
to provide for as many machines as
the room will hold. The feed grinder,
coi n slieller. etc., may be put together
in a part of the room separated from
the balance of the room by a partilion,
and beyond this partition may be
installed the washing machine, the
cream separator, tin; churn, the electric
plant, etc. These machines are
driven by the line shaft bv means of
bells.
In a limited space il is not possible
to discuss tlic many uses to which a
nasi dine engine may he put on the
farm, but the writer wishes to impress
on the l'aruier the fact that it
is well worth the farmer's time to
acquaint himself with the possibilities
of the gasoline engine with referlie.
io nis own particular ease. Mauufaettirers
and dealers are ready to
supply full and free information on
request.
A meat many people are under the
impression that the gasoline engine is
a very unreliable and dangerous thing.
This erroneous impression is due to
I lie fact that the machine is not understood
by these people. As a mater
el fact, the gasoline olivine is one
of the simplest of prime movers, and
if kept in good order and in proper
adjustmciit, it is a most dependable
source of power. When the farmer
forms tlic habit of rubbing down liis
engine frequently and looking it over
for loose nuts and slipped adjustments,
at the same time looking carefully
to tiie quality <d" lubricating oil
lie uses, he will tiiul that he possesses
a sale, economical, and very satisfactory
power.
< OI.lt S Ol' ilOltSF AMI MI FF.
I'.i pis of Malady and W hat to l>o in
Treating Facli Kind.
liy I ?r. M. Kay I'owera, State Veterinarian
iml Iliad oi Veterinary
liivision, c'leinson College.
i >ne of the most couiinon and alarming
diseased conditions occurring in
horses and mules is that of colic.
The term is a very loose one, being
generally used to denote any
abdominal pain whatever, and It may
readily be inferred that it, therefore,
occurs in a great variety of diseases.
It is, howeur, only necessary here to
consider it under two heads, viz.,
spasmodic colic and colic due to impaction
or obstruction of the bowels.
Spasmodic colic is probably id' tho
most frequent occurrence and consists
of a violent contraction of the muscles
of the intestines, causing intense pain.
It is usually brought on by giving
large amounts of cold water to a horse
over-heated: bv exuosinir ^neb n n.
t?> chilling rains after a hard drive;
sometinies hy giving a heavy feed of
green succulent food; and in horses
that are predisposed to it. a .sudden
change of diet may he all that is
necessary to bring on an attack.
The condition is rccogiii/.ed hy the
horse suddenly showing symptoms of
intense pain following some of the
causes above mentioned: stamping
violently with one hind foot; looking
around at the Hanks with an anxious
expression; sweating; lying down suddenly
and rolling in agony, and with
occasional periods of freedom from
pain followed hy similar attacks.
folic from impaction is a condition
in which there is a partial or complete
stoppage of the bowels, and may bo
brought on hy overloading the stomach
when in a tired out condition and
particularly with dry, innutritions
feed, A faulty condition of the teeth
may also be a predisposing factor on
account of imperfect mastication of
the food. This condition is accompanied
by constipation and the animal
shows evidences of a continuous dull
pair, as compared with that of spasmodic
colic, moving stlllly, lying down
occasionally and groaning, but with
the absence of violent movements. It
also runs a longer course usually than
spasmodic colic.
In spasmodic colic a sedative or
narcotic treatment should be resorted
to in order to overcome the violent
contraction and relievo the pain, one
of the best remedies is fluid extract
of Cannabis indlca, or Indian hemp,
given in doses of six drams by the
moutli. This brings on drowsiness,
and, as a rule, by the time the drowsiness
has worn off the colic has disappeared.
Another good remedv iu
chloral hydrate given in doses ot ono
ounce dissolved in a pint of water;
or if a hypodermic syringe ho available.
two grains of sulphate of morphine
may he dissolved in a little
water that has been boiled and allowed
to coo' and Injected under the
skin.
With impaction colic, entirely different
remedies are needed, the object
being to unload the intestines of
tin- offending material. For this purpose
live drains of aloes dissolved in
a quart of hot water and conjoined
with one ounce of oil of turpentine
and ono dram of fluid extract of nux
vomica may be given; or if this is
not conveniently at hand, one and a
naif pints of linseed oil may be given,
and if there is evidence of much pain
three drains of Cannabis indica may
also be given. Copious rectal injections
of soap suds are beneficial also.
These remedies will usually sutllco,
Imt if more drastic treatment is necessary
it should be entrusted to a veterinarian.