F-y?.. ' .
Di'MATION ON
SOUTHERN FARMS
Crops Must Be Diversified to
Keep Our Money at Home.
BREEDING HORSES AND MULES
Dig rvcy to Agricultural Kctorm in tne
South Is More Labor-saving Machinery
on the Farm?Chief
Cause of Poverty.
(By O. H. ALFOUD.)
We muBt diversify our crops and
keep our money at borne to build magnificent
homes. churches, j school
bouses, and good roads, and to educate
our children and till our banks
to overflowing; keep out of debt and
Insist on getting all that we buy at the
lowest price for cash; increase the
fertility of our soils by reducing washing
to the minimum, by deep plowing j
and turning under vegetable matter, a
rotation of crops, including leguminous
crops, and the addition of barnyard
manure and ground phosphate
rock; plant the mofit proliHc seed instead
of seed that have run out; use
economic plants, such ne legumes,
and small grains and sorghum for
feed instead of so much expensive
corn; uso commercial fertilizers judiciously;
drain our lands better; give
our soil better preparation and frequent
and shallow cultivation, but the
moo -wi ?nuio nui nw |?v? wri in pi uimui v
the most effective remedy for poverty
ixi the south.
The big key to agricultural reform
in the south Is more horse power and
labor-suving implements on the farm.
The average farm worker toils with
a small mule or horse, and his total
annual income is only about $148. lu
Iowa, the average farm worker uses
nearly four large horses and produces
$011.11 annually, exclusive of stock.
An analysis of the different states
show a much sma'ler use of power on
the southern farms than in nny other
section of the country, and consequently
less use of labor-saving farm
implements and correspondingly lower
capacity of the farmers.
Probably the chief cautc of poverty
In the Bouth is the one-horse breaking
/ AN UNSOUNDNI
WILL INTERFERE WITH
FUTURE USEFULNESS O
0
| iU,
THOROUGlHfljjjg^
CURB-V
m B SPL
| I' I ^ SIDE B
^ remedy: breed
{
plow. The small mulo and a small
< turning plow is a guuruntoe of shallow
soil devoid of vegetable mntter or '
humus. A shallow soil devoid of vegetable
matter means small crops and
poor farmers. The soil should bo
deep and full of humus In order to increase
the storage capacity for water
and thereby enable It to hold enough
water to carry tho crop through the
longest drought in tho summer
though heavily fertfllzedT ~We Cannot
Plow deep or turn under the corn and
cotton stnlks, oat and pea stubble,
UUd weods wll*> a one-lion*pram*
^
jploW,
Cultivating enn* with endorse
plows and oue-horse cultivators l? 4
slow process hhd fchOVild not be practiced
uitlefas the laud Is 'ull roots
and stumps. This Is an *ge of
saving farm implement*. and n* tkrm r
can afford to walk down each middle
three or four Umea at each cultivation.
The one-row cultivator should
be used by every farmer.
The farmers of the south should
raise the necossary horse power. Mil
Hons of dollars are leaving the soutfc
each year for the purchase of mule*
and horses. Few small farmeafford
to keep mules and y"
least half the work stc '
farms should be d* y<idtog8engaged
In he ,cK on sou 1
ductlon. T mnres. actl
not f -*vy work and m?k
e l( tsa great oconoeulc w
use one or more draft mare
s'"\. - / rJtriLan who employs mulo
' 'lnu urn..
geldings lr. farm operation* rec
In return only their labor. Mare
ployed for farm work. If tatollif;
handled, can do all the *?rk tl
required and will produce In ad
a considerable number of colts,
rapidly develop into marketable
main, thereby adding to the fat
come.
It is generally considered that
brood mareB must be kept to i
same work that can be done by
of mules or geldings of equal sti
but the difference in feed c
slight, and the value of the col
duced offsets such difference I
costs, with a considerable bah
1
spare. It is perfectly clear thai whet
work done on a farm by two geldings
or muleB Is equally as well done by
three mares at a very slight expense
In feed cost, and when such extra
f?ed cost is off-set with a balance of
$100 to $1&0 to spare, that it is an
economic waste not to use mares. The
man who uses mares and produces
colts adds to his own wealth and to
that of the community where he resides.
We must get pure bred draft sires
if we are to build up our present undersized
stock of mares into goodsized,
well-built draft mares for farm
work and colt production. Of course,
there Ib a splendid opportunity at the
present time for many southern farm
.
Two-Horse Cultivator.
era to purchase such draft mares as
are suited to southern conditions, but
we cannot go north and west and buy
such grade draft marcs as cheaply as
we can grow them. Furthermore, wo
cannot purchase a sufficient number
or urart mares to make much progress
within two or three generations.
The colt from a first-class draft
sire and one of our small mares will
usually weigh from 1.100 to 1.400
pounds. Two or three successive
crosses with pure bred draft sireB will
build this undersized stock up into a
? x '
iSS IS ANYTtilNO WHICH \
THE PRESENT OR WITH THE
^ "wind
INT-*|jf W r\
oneJ^ V.
?** RINO BONE
SOUND HORSES, y
good grade of draft mares weighing
1 frn.n 1 onn tn 1 CArt ?... 1 - - ? r . .
.,-"v w *,vvv Iiyuuu# Ul Illiriy
good type.
Draft horse sires must not only have |
weight, but they must possess quality.
It haj? been found that the heavy quality
will perform more work with greater
ease than will the horse of phlegmatic
disposition and temperament.
The draft horse that is suited for tho
gouth must possess quality. There
MlBt be no tendency to coarseness,
heavy coats of hair, or sluggish dispo
sltion.
Tho prejudice that exists ago'
thq site of the draft horse is not
Wunded. The Tennessee expe ^
Btftthvu UBes heavy draft P< rln,
mere.B with pronounced succ ,rcbe
Perform heavy work at t' rp
and at many farms throuf gta
tire summer of each yer Adut the
southern-grown hors' j si
without gTeiuer 41' 4ft. mules
from being in ' -*>4 'ort. A
two mares I jry day,
1 reared s ^ the T"i ?uMM sts
- static ^ tkeav/y pah . ' ?Ua that
1 ir' M yefurjsd V*0O>Vffor when
old. / 1
The tnule is hJnX^of the most
Mm 1 cog* In the 1n<*?ww*&% commercial
At | agrtcuUura'l pnogrnisa. of the south
lernl.la cons? giuens*".* of his faithful
?,ly \ fca that 1 ae "k^er Part of com,
uro-1 . and cotto ?. n* well as numerous
asto L er crops, art? produced and trane
a on led to nif rket_ The mule is wi
I r imrk in the logging ct
a lllni IV. W |
s or' "while ho excels as a boast of b\
eiveai flu tho ra Oroad camps and for tru
? em-- Kind for liwry purposes In the <
;ently' .He potu*WM'S tho ability to resls
mt iai #oa?e and withstand tho strain <
dition fvcro labor on loss and poorer
which Khnn the horse. In many linr
e ani- "work, and particularly those just
;m in- tloned, tho mule is decidedly su
to the horse, and I have no q
three' with those who claim a mule-is
Jo the economically fed and a more ef
a pair work animal than a horse of
en?th, weight. At the same time, it m
:ost is admitted that the mule is w
its pro- pride of ancestry or hope of po
In feed and valueless for any purpose
ince to than labor
fHE FORT BOLL TIMES, FOE'
REBELS DEFEATED
BL GUNBOAT FIRE
HUERTA'S LITTLE V*ARSHIPS
WITH MACHINE GUNS MOWED
DOWN REBELS.
MANY BODIES LEFT ON FIELD
When Rebels Retreated They Took
Twenty-five Locomotives and
Hundreds of Cars.
MoyIpo rilv Tim rnhpttt fnilpd in
* "v .www.w
their attack on Tamplco nnd have
withdrawn some distance troni the
city.
Messages reaching here fully corroborate
the war oftice report of the rebel
defeat as a result of a heavy and
sustained bombardment by two fed
eral gunboats and field artillery. They
do not, however, bear out the idea
of a lout.
In possession of the railroad yards
throughout the battle, the rebels,
when they wered riven off, remained
sufficiently cool in the face of the
furious lire to take away with them
every locomotive and most of the roll
ing stock.
According to the federal report 800
rebels were killed before they could
get out of range, and tills probab'j
would mean many other hundreds
wounded and left behind.
It is regarded here as probable that
the relief of Tampico is only temporary
and that before many days the
rebels will resume the attack in greater
numbers, although the three days'
battle has materially cut down their
supply of ammunition. Reports that
reached here do not indicate that the
piuijen; u^s us a resuu 01 me lighting
has been largo.
Whether the rebels, under General
Itlanco now at Victoria decide to renew
the attack upin Tampico or direct
their efforts against Monterey, they
will be able to move men and war
material much more expeditiously in
the next venture, since as a result of
the engagements about Tampico they
now have In their possession 23 locomotives
and several hundred cars,
many of them loaded with construction
material and other supplies.
FREE FOOD SWELL IMPORTS
Removal of Tariff Has Opened New
Supplies of Foodstuffs.
Washington.?Foodstuffs '
free of duty under the rj.Vm V
are swelling the V . J\, 1
ports and ?
- iVimpoftvU ,r th
. irfrflfhis 'of the "pre* .nt tt(
f' ,Cal 0<Su'l^red with ,e sum
,ijWifill year, was sllOV&i ' ? stati,
tic* made pruMic by the <lv partmer
of commerce.
Kxporfs tkts year haVe m mounted t
?S3S.!Hs?.8BH against $7 1 041 7V ft
the Hi*m four months-*1*1 Ve.jr T,
imports Htgures we* ?58(, ^Q(
again si #1.20,230,987.
"Tlfrti'e can be lio ^fnferen' i ,
'rom IW? *ar? n jJ
ry Itedfirdd. "that is not b . hPL
aging and i-mnplimentar- encot
I can indu.srrt-v. The tl> ^ lo
markets wlfcc ''alleged /odthK of ?
Europe lias nit happ< cheap wares
er liand, the grow mod. On the ol
both surprising a? th of exports
tails of importat .d encouraging. I
which the duty jon of foodstuffs
duced by the r was removed or
"It is of c ,ew tariff law.
stute any ?' ourse much too soon
new reven jefluite results under l
rotary, " ae laws," continued the s
HOW Kll* oa it will Wftll tO Ol
' ^plies of food, that unquesti
() ias been n result.
i entile, which now enter free
/, the number imported In Oi
jt was 130,659 against 27,696 in
.ober, 1012; and of sheep, the n
ber was 26,035, against 3,466,
, fresh beef the imports during O
ber were 5,677,461 pounds,
,n8t "Of corn, which enters Tree of c
veil I tinder the new law, the tmportatt
lent ,n October, 1013, were 475, 250 b
iron ; els> against 226,471 in October
hey year. Pish shows material increas
tion importations. Onions, on which
en- fate of duty was reduced one-]
mall show importations of 120,487 bus
and in October, 1913, against 86,361 b
side els in October, 1912."
the
itlon Kills Mother About His Coffei
the Donaldsonville. La.?'Because
six aged mother did not respond pre
I ly to his request ior a cup ui c?
vital i Paul Falcon arose from the sn]
I and I table, went Into the next room
i. It ' shot her through the head. Mrs.
serv- con died Almost instantly. The
rice ily reside on St. Fmmu planti
oth- ' severul miles from this plnce.
iport- con's half brother, John It a gas,
thout returned from work and asked
imps, change of clothes. She was eo
lrden ing with itangas' request wher
cklng was shot down.
lties
it dis- Oreat Britain Fears Rebellion in
of so- London. -The lirittsh and I
feed governments arc seriously cone
>8 o? over recent occurrences In soul
men- rica arising out of what the Kn
perlor dfans consider discriminatory h
uarrel tlt-n against tliem. An efTort
more injr made to minimize the seroi
Hcient of the situation which was not
equal nled hy a genen I strike of thoi
ust be of Bast Indians In Nataland ri
Ithout wlilch several were killed. Th
sterity ern.neat's influence has been
other cient to induce the press of tht
try to print only favorable nev
^ Jl
r MILL, SOUTH CAROLINA
ONE REASON FOR LA1
MEXICAN ELEGT10NS VOID i
HUERTA CONGRESS CALLS NEW 1
ELECTIONS FOR NEXT
JULY.
Unless the Rebels Throw Him Out, '
the Dictator Will Remain
in Power.
Mexico City. ? The Mexican con
Kress nullified the recent presidential I
elections. New elections are calle*'
for next July. *['
Congress, according *expects
General 1' flntlon,
the prcsidc^y. to 'reouitn In
?>e presidency fZ ut ,oast >even
months more;' and fr Joast SOVen
sary for the sole- - ^ lime- tiecesof
his succ' .otic.n 'and illation
f siderat' _?,SBor is Into conep"'
.on, It will be towards the
;? of September, next year, before
- yields his power to another.
f In voting that the recent preslden1
1 tia"! election was null, the deputies
l deeded to fix the first Puhday in
o Jub', 1914, as the date for the1 hew
election. They also confirmed the poe
sitlo'u of General Iluerta as provisions'
al president until tlieil.
e TlVa notion of the depuih'A WAS Afib
com/'anied by no debate. Yhe commitit
tee'#, report War npprVrv'ed without u
diss*'sting VotY- v,.r s'.w*idly as the artl(i
clfcs couh* Vie read.
>r nwjnsWres taken also provide
le ft't thfc election of a new congress
since the one elected to take the
place of that dissolved by Iluerta is to
n serve out an unexpired term which
a. should terminate September 15.
ir. Although there were no dissenting
rj. votes in the chamber on the commit
ur tee report, it was noted that the
of Co tholic deputies absented themselves
from the session.
" "DRYS" STORM THE CAPITOl
on
r<>" Mighty Prohibition Demonstration ii
Washington.
to
tju, Washington. ? Prohibition force
()(. from all over the country gathei
Jeu ed in Washington for a den
onstratlon before the national capita
More than two thousand men an
nf women, representing the Anti-Saioo
(Mu League of America and the Woman
( )< . Christian Temperanco Union, marcl
um p(' 'n 8eImr?te bodies to the capltr
hearing petitions demanding that n
cto- tionul prohibition l)e effected by co
stitutionai amendment.
I t,. Disagreement as to the part ea<
ions orP!in{xatlon should play in the pi
ush sontation the petitions threaten'
jas( were to cause a sprit in the temp*
jn ance forces, but all differences we
smoothed out. As a result, the co
half m*ttee ?' one thousand men, rep
hels Anti-Saloon League fore
U6h were received at the capitol first,
ter which they withdrew and the wo
en made their plea.
B'hi Federal Ownership of Wire Lines
n s Washington.?Legislation prelii
iffoo nary to Kovernment ownership of t<
graph and long distance teleptu
'*and "ne8, or m?y be introduced
, the annual postofflce approprlnt
rni' bill soon to bp reporrea toi ne not
'am* Representative Moon of Tennes
ltlfn' and Postmaster General Burleson In
*al" been conferring on tlie subject, i
lui<1 they are expected to reach a (i
for n agreement as to tho form the |
mply- pOS,.d legislation should take. Kx|
1 sl,? ments in the ownership of raih
mail ears have been provided foi
tndia To stop ..pigtol Toting."
ndian Washington.?An amendment to
erned pe(|ernl constitution to permit i
1,1 At' gress and the states to regulate
.st In- practiCe of "pistol tot'.ng," was o
oglsla- p(i jn (],e bouse by Representa
Is be- j.-rnnk Park of Georgia. Judge F
iisness predicted that the amendment w
-ompa- receive the overwhelming approvi
isands conRress and the states. He said
ots in experience on the bench had cow
0 ROV" ed him that the evil of pistol tc
suffl- wna directly responsible for a 1
s coun- percentage of the homical record
the United States.
re XMAS SHOPPING |
jijf'jf
JMSFMRERiilTUi
N ANNUAL REPORT WAR SECRE j
TARY FAVOPS RESERVE ,
SYSTEM.
'roper Organization Necessr.ry for '
United States,Recognition
and D _-perc,3"!ceWashi'
^ton _gpcrplar>. Garrison's j
report to the pvesido'.t, as
ol the war departnlent, makes no
Yticommendatlons for the generally expected
rearrangement of army posts
to. distribute troops In mobile units.
The secretary says that other things
of immediate importance, "particularly
an adequate supply of field artillery,"
will postpone his recommendations
to congress, but in the"meantime
the troops will bo garrisoned in as
practical a manner for mobilization as
is possible.
Mr. GarrH^-n amflfggoB titG militia at
-ornA length. Ho Atys, in part:
"The national importance of a ro>
serve system for the organized militia
cannot l?c questioned. The minimum
drvngth at Wliieii militia organize
tit'llB "are maintained in time of peace
will render necessary n great and iro
mediate increase in n national emerg
oucy. and tliis fact demands the pres
once of a system of reserves fron
which trained men may be secured fo
this increase. Without some such s>>
tern, not only will such increase b
rendered exceedingly difficult, bu
even when accomplished the efflciet
cy of the organizations will have bee
reduced to a minimum by the intn
: duction of an untrained element dot
ble in number tlie trained pcrsonne
' PLANNING TO CURB TRUST:
Scope of Anti-Combine Legislation D
Tinea ai uuiucigmvci
n Washington.?The scope of Pre;
dent Wilson's program of anti-tru
s legislation became fairly well deflni
r- at the end of a conference at tl
j- white house between the preside
1. and six Democratic members of t
d house judiciary committee, that is
m undertake the preparation of tlie i
's ministration bills. The measures
li- be advanced for action at this scs.si
>1, will aim at the following results:
a- Definition of the various forms
n- monopoly and restraint of trade will
would be "conclusively deemed" i
2I1 reasonable and in violation of la'
e- Placing upon the defendant the b
ed den of proof to show that there is
jr- "unreasonable" restraint of trade,
re Prohibition of interlocking direi
m- rates between large corporations,
re- Establishment of an interstate tr;
ea, commisssion to exercise regulat
af- powers, make original investigutl
rn- and aid the courts in carrying out
crees of dissolution of trusts.
Possible for Man to Earn Mlllioi
mi- New York.?Secretary of State 1
?1?- ham J. Bryan, in speaking before
>ne clerical conference of the New Y
in Federation OI tnurtnen uu Hie nun
ion of "KundamentalH," declared it tc
ise. hi? belief that "it is possible U
see man really to earn $30,000 a year
live a life time of 33 1-3 years, or a mi
ind dollars In a lifetime." Secretary
nal an made this declaration in discuspro
man's relation to the society a
per- him, which, he said, was one of
vay throe things fundamental in Im
r. life.
Stops as Dividend Payer,
the New York.?After an unbroken
ord of forty years as a dividend
ffor- nr> the New York, New Haven
tive < llurtford Railroad company flnall;
'ark been forced to the necessity of
t>>tld pending further disbursements c
i?l of tlr.7,000,000 of stock. This de<
his -\-as reached after a protracted
?inc- tig of the directors. It Is estii
iting tflat nto less than $40,000,000 of
?rge Haven stock and bonds, as well
Is of curities of affiliated companies
real estate are heid by savings I
't ... torn' ,
13,B7?,000 BALES 1
IS CROP ESTIMATE I
FIRST ESTIMATE OF COTTOI* I
CROP MADE BY U. 8. ITf
GOVERNMENT. _ ^
COMPARISONS ARE % MADE I
This Year's Crop Will Probably Be 1
the Most Valuable Ever Known. I
in the Country. \ I
Washington.?The American cotton I
crop for the season of 1913-14 will
amount to 13,677,000 bales of 500
pounds (not including 1 inters), according
to the first estimate made by"
the government this year through theerop
reporting board, bureau of statistics,
department of agriculture, and!
announced. This compares ' Willi 13,/703,421
bales of 500 pounds, exclusive
of linters, produced last yea", when
the total crop inclusive of linters was
14.313,000 bales of 500 pounds; 15v*
692,701 hales in 1911, which, inciudiug
linters. amounted to 16,250.276- i
bales; 11,608,610 bales in 1910>. which,,
including linters, amounted to 12,-O'JiViSS
ba>es; 10,004.949 bales in IStfO,.
which, including linters, amounted IcT A
13,587,306 hales, and 11.107,179 bales I
in 1907, which, including lintel's, B
amounted to 11,375,461 bal-?s. The
a, erase of the crops of 11107.3,3 ??> M
12,331,047 bales, exclusive of llwwrs m
A crop of 6,o'l:,,85'>.?i00 jwnmi's of" .
< 11on. not Ir.cliuli g Uubersv was pro - |
i i; ? . -i*.
"'JmI, the #1-rrn-- t of ag7fcW>
tare announced. ' , ; is the In
size, that of 1911, which
7,459,940,000 pounds, being n*5:'r^B8?
(lint of last ydar, wnen ttxo
000 pounds wore grown, being' se<-<^B|^^H^BB|
crop probably will b<led
States. At t'nj uvera^ faiflflf Wt
.of cotton on jtfbvcmie^ 4, %vhicln^vd? ^8^8
' i:l cents n pound, it ts worth IS5<V SiUjl
j :>70.r?00 for (lie lint alono. To tills YH
1 about $125,000,000 ptobab y wi'.l be
! added by value of the seed and Jin
j ters. The previous er>rr?T vuiuable HE
I crop was tliut of 1910, which \\ is val- H
ued at $820,320,000 and with seed and H
lint at $9C?:,.,iSO,nort. ^
TAFT BACkS UP VVILSON
Former President Says Monroe Doctrine
Must Be Upheld. ^ flj
Now York "We are' intr^niifkmiui H
trustees of iho prosperity t une have* H
. and the power we enjoy,. ajicfc wo are- flj
. ii\ duly Bound to use rheiu wh^n it V
is both civil and proper to help our fl
i neighbors," declared former President fl
William 11. Tuft in a lecture before -r
the New York Peace Society on the
Monro** doctrine, which, ho held,
should be continue d in full force, despite
the hostility to its expressed In '
I snr.ve nuartei B. * ' |
e i "We cannot be too careful to uvuftP ^
t ! forcing our own Ideas of government
i- on peoples, who, though favoring popii
ular government, have such different;>
: Ideas as to what constitutes it,*
i- lie alluded to criticism of the appli1
cation oi the doctrine as lcadinj? to'
"intermeddling by our government tn<
g the politics of the smaller countries
like Sun Domingo and tho central
American republics," and that we are
e' exercising a protectorate of a direct
character over some of thein. "What,
si- wo are doing with respect to them,"'
he continued, "is in the interest of"
civilization, and we ought to do it to?
1 aid our neighboring governments*.
Iie whether the Monroe doctrine prevails a
:it or not." if* *
he I
to "Mona-LisV Is Found. ?
ld" Florence, Italy. -"Mona-Lise," I.eo Jj
to nardo Da Vinci's great painting, JB
on which was stolon from the Louvre, in
Paris, more than two years ago, aafe ^
been found. It is now in the hands i
'c*1 of the Italian authorities and will bo
l,u" returned to France. "Mona-Llsa," or
lV- "La Joconde," as it is more popularly
ur" known, the most celebrated portrait
no of r woman ever painted, has been
the object of exhaustive search in all
:to" quarters of the globe. The mystery
of its abstraction from the Louvre, Its
rtde great intrinsic value and tha strangeory
| fascination of the smile of the wum
0,18 an it portrayed?Lisa Del Giocond* ?
d?* have combined to keep aliva interest:
In its recovery.
Defender's Keel Laid at Bristol.
Bristol, R. I.?Disregarding the oltfthe
time sailors' superstition attaching ill
'ork lupjj i0 Friday, the builders of the
-U* I..
Jcl'' vandernui Bynnicme ynciu, nmui ?o
' to be a candidate for the defensa ot
,r a the America's cup, cast her keel on
'or that day. A little ceremony added In11
ion tCfest to the casting of the keel when
Miss Agnes Herreshoff, daughter of
'sing designer, tossed into the melted
bout m(.tal several bright new pennies.
the 'pj,e coins had been given iher for the
[man purpose by Cornelius Vanderbflt and
other members of the syndicate.
Admiral Stops Fight,
rec- Mexico City.? Ftenr Admiral Flet< hpay.
er, commander of the American na\al
nut f?rceH Mexican waters, ordered t ?e
rebels and federals fighting at Tamol^
co to cease tiring, threatening to op-m
sus" up on them with tlie guns of the gunm
its i,oat Wheeling if his order was not
vision obeyed. Both sides complied with the
meet- order. This information is contained
nated jn a dispatch received by Sir Lionel
New farden, the British minister, from
as se- near Admiral Sir Christopher Crad- ^
? and ocjti Qf the British cruiser Berwick I
yanks. which Is lying ofT Tampico. I
n( "i . \ '' *1 .vC. -.J/