Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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B- MF t-:. J ; ' *:; . "J-oV DIVERSIFICATION ON SOUTHERN FARMS Demand for Staple Rapidly increasing All Over World. COTTON IS GREAT CASH CROP Farmer* Are Advised to Supplement It With Thoroughly Good Permanent Pastures, Inaugurating System of Rotation. (By G. H. ALFOItD.) I do not wish to be understood as advocating the diversification of crops to tho extent of developing a scarcity of raw cotton to meet the demand of the consuming world. Such a course would be fatal to our cotton-growing Interests in more ways than oua I am anxious to see a sufficiency of raw cotton produced each year to meet all demands of consumption at, say 12 cents a pound. Cotton is tho greatest cash crop grown. The demand for it is rapidly increasing. The demands of the con Burning world double every 22 years. If we estimate 13,000.000 bales as a minimum supply on the part of the United States for tho world's clothing at the present time, it will require 26.000.000 bales in 1932 and 52.000.000 bales in 1954 to meet the demand for commerce. I do not advise tho farmers of the cotton belt to supplant cotton as the main cash crop, but urge all of them to supplement It with thoroughly good permanent pastures, leguminous crops, grazing crops, forago crops and good live stock. The sensible thing for each farmer to do is to largely reduce his acrago in cotton, practice a system of rotation, including leguminous crops, and raise mules and horses, cattle, hogs, poultry and other live stock. Plant fewer acres in cotton, plant prolitlc seed, fertilize and cultivate better and obtain an increasing yield of lint cotton per acre. The acres which will not be needed foi cotton under this modern system of farming can be thoroughly sodded in grasses and clovers and planted in leguminous crops, forn, oats, rape, sorghum and cane, nder these advanced methods the soil Mill rapidly Increase in fertility, the money obtained for cotton will be kept at home, the cotton crop will cease to bear the entire burden of the fhhftSy Bgjf Br Colt Raised in Alabama. total expense of each farm, the Iniquitous credit system that has for 40 years dragged the growers bous?i and broken will no longer exist, and the growers will each year grow in ttrength and permanent prosperity. The first efforts at breaking away from cotton usually consist in going largely into another single crop system of farming rather than going into the production of a variety of crops. The evils of the new system aro much greuter than those of the all-cotton system. Many farmers rush into the truck business. Of course, truck crops should be grown on every farm and. in some particular localities, they may constitute the main reliance for cash, but I assert positively that the truck business is a gamble for the average cotton farmer and that he will win just enough to cause him to put up all ho has and lose. Trucking has lured many a farmer to financial ruin. James J. Hill, one of the greatest thinkers of this age, says: "Give us a system of farming that will greatly lne:easo#the fertility of the soil." Ho further states: "Forty years ago a farmer had to provide for but one other than himself. Today every farmer has to produce food for two besides himself." Hon. Henry Wallace recently said: -1 no nineteenth century rarmrr, speaking generally, was no farmer at all. but a miner of soil fertility, a soil robber." Mr. Hill, speaking along the samo line, said: "The average American farmer has no equal for carelessness and for adhering to discredited methods of farming; we will soon be unable to feed ourselves or to feed '..he boasted home markets for the other Industries that we aro building on a constantly narrowing base." Of course, the farmers must drain the land, thoroughly prepare the seed bed. plant prolific seed, practice frequent and shallow cultivation and make tho most careful use of manures and fertilizers, but no problem is of such importance as the maintenance of the supply of plant food in tho soil. The first step to be taken in order to add to tho supply of plant food. Is to reduce washing to a minimum. Flowing water removes more plant food In one year than is removed in five by crops sold from tho farm. The addition of the vegetable matter, winter cover crops, deep plowing and properly constructed terraces will reduce the washing of land to a minimum. Diversification of crops enables the farmer's family to fare sumptuously I every day in the year on farm products, makes it possible for him to utilize three times as much land as the average farmer in such a way that his productiveness rapidly increases instead or wearing out about la ncre3 at the time and keeps the cotton money at home, but as James J. llill says, our prime object in adopting a system of farming, should be to increase the fertility of the soil. The wise farmer should nlwnvn strive to grow that crop or crops which extended over a long period will possess the greatest money value. By this I do not mean that far ners should be so shortsighted as to sacrifice the fertility of their lands and future wealth for immediate returns. Now, it has been found by actual tests on experimented plats that on a definite area, say 20 acres, that it is possiblo to produce as much cotton in ten years by practicing a three-year rotation of corn and peas, oats followed by peas and cotton, as it is possible to produce by planting the entire 20 acres in cotton every year. WHY SHOULD WE HAVE A ROTATION OF CROPS? 1?To Increase Crop Production. 2?To Keep Soil in Good Physical Condition. 3?To Distribute Work Throughout the Year. 4?To Keep Out Weeds, Insects and Diseases. 5?To Provide a Balanced Ration for 3tock. G?To Provide a Diversity of Crops. 7?To Provide for a Definite Plan for Farm Work. 8?To Prevent Washing of Soil. 9?There Is Everything to Gain and Nothing to Lose. Carefully conducted tests havo also proven the maximum results. These tests show the absolute necessity for growing several crops and live stock. Beforo adopting a system of croping and selecting crops to grow therein, we must consider the local conditions, such as climate, labor supply, market demands and transportation facilities. We cannot grow perishable products unless we have quick transportation facilities. Even if a farm crop is not perishable and we have the quickest transportation facilities pt our door, wo must be careful and not glut tho market. These observation* being true, we lind that wo must de vote our energies to staple farm crops such as grass, corn, oats, peas, so> beans, cane, poultry and live stock ant] some cotton. Many agricultural writers and speak ers are busy shaking the foundatior of our present evil?the one-crop sys tern. Their work is to a large extent destructive, not constructive. The> seldom suggest a practical method tc take, the place of our present badlj balanced, lopsided farming that com pels a farmer to wear out about 1; acres at a time. It is not enough t( expose tho evils of tho one-crop sys tem. Wo must bo able to show, ox general lines, what system we intent to establish aB a substitute, and ox general imes now iue average couoi farmer can do bo. The system of farming that I shal now suggest, if adopted and carriec out by our cotton farmers, will, in tei years, make our soils exceedingly pro ductlve, our farmers rich, and th< cotton belt the financial center of tin world. Cotton first year; corn and peas, so; beans or velvet beans, second year oats, followed by lespedeza, soy beam or cow peas, third year; or cotton am crimson clover sowed at last working first year: June corn and volunteei crimson clover, second year; oats, foi lowed by soy beans, lespadeza or cov peas, third year; or cotton and crim son clover, first year; June corn an< volunteer crimson clover, second year oats, followed by lespedeza, third year lespedeza, fourth year. Of course, commercial fertilizers thoroughly good permanent pasturei and plenty of good live stock mus be added to the above rotation or sys tem of farming. SECURE BENEFIT OF MANURE Should Be Applied to Land Soorl ai Made and Before Plant Food Has Leached and Burned Out. A little manure applied often bear Just the same relation to the benefl of Olir land and ernim sw n mniutn., applied at intervals throughout tin year. We should not want a delugi of water once a year and nothing hi tween times. And the point of thl. is thnt to use the manure in a wa; so as to get the most benefit out o it we must spread it as fast as it 1 made practically throughout the yea to our growing crops and lyiy lanil says a writer in au exchange. Ther is always some part of our land tha needs art occasional application of mil nure. I believe that every reader will suf port me in this statement that ma nure applied to Hie land as quick!; as it is made is worth at least si ' times as much in increasing crops a that which has lain in the barnyan until all the plant food has leachoi i and burned out of it. and yet it take i Just as much time and labor to dit tribute this almost worthless stuff a it does to haul It at Its be3t. I>?t's apply the manure Just as aooi as It Is made, If possible. It's ou ' gain. i Whitewashing Trees. Whitewashing trees is a wholesom i practice. Do it after the loose bar hae been removed and burned. ' < : CUBIST WANTED TO pwht big mm But She Had Her Own Ideas Concerning That Particular Style of Art. SLAMMED THE CANVAS Grabs the Alleged Picture In Her Trunk and Smashes It on a Steel Picket. Ripping It in Two. Then Quietly Winks Her Eye. Ni'w York. llattic, the big elephant in Central park, has set her stamp of disapproval on the cubist art. A long haired alleged artist wandered into the arsenal the other day when Head Keeper Hill Snyder was cutting meat for the lions, and told him that he wanted to paiut something big in the park. Hill led him out to the lions. "Hoof!" he suid. "Woof!" said Hill. "What's the matter with you?" "I>o you think I want to paint those cubs? 1 want something sublime." "Umph!" grunted the head keeper, and led Hattle out to her iuclosuro. The artist, with a gleam of satisfaction. set up his easel outside the rails. "Is that sublime enough for you?" asked Hill. The .artist said that nothing was too sublime for cubist art and began to mix his drabs. Hill left, and a crowd gathereo to watch the artist at work. "Say, mister, wot's that up in the , corner?" piped a youngster. ! The artist dreamed on. . ' "Dat's de elephant's ear. Jimmv." returned another kiddy. "Quit yer kiddin'," said Jimmy. "He's gutter make do house first." "Oh, look at de pile of slats!" "Deni's not slats. Oat's do stairs for do elepliunt to come down ( ho wants a drink." . j When Sn>dor returned, lie had to i force his way through the crowd. He . gazed on a lot of isoceles triangles, parallel organs and her tracks. "Say, whole's tin1 elephant?" lie i cried. The cubist snatched his efforts from i the east 1. and placed it behind his ' back, which was to the railing. I "You mustn't look at that." lie said ; indignantly. One of the ends of the canvas stuck i through the railing. In a tlash Miss _ t j Surveyed Her Picture. > liattie had hi?r picture in her trunk. ' The crowd vet up a yell "(Jive me that!" howled the artist to llattie. 8 The elephant stuck her trunk up in * the air to survey her picture. Then she slammed the canvas on a steel picket and ripped it in two. The artist shook his list at the animal. 1 which quietly batted her eye. What the artist was saying coul.l not he . heard above the roar of the crowd 5 "That's the most sublime thing I ever saw in the park." Snyder gasped when he had recovered the use of his s lungs. t The artist gathered up his belongings. A small boy advised him to try a the monkey house and another the giraffe, lie went away with .lis long hair flowing, muttering something s about ignorance and the canaille. ' SNAKE LEAPS INTO A BUGGY S r Two Michigar.ders Have Busy Time in Fierce Battle With Big " Reptile. L" Monroe, Mich A battle with a sixfoot snake, while a hors" attached to h the buggy in which they were riding 1 made frantic efforts to bolt, is the ex^ perienee of Lee |?af and Alvin Austin x ... oi tins cuy. vii?' iiu'ii s:iw tin' sntiki' 8 in the road and attempted to drive over it. The horse rear -d, and the reptile, becoming entangled with the u wheel was thrown into the vehicle. 1 One man's attention was required to 8 restrain the horse, while the other. i after a struggle to keep away from the n i snake's fangs, finally threw it to the r ; road. A heavy vehicle ran over and killed it a moment later. I The snake, which was said to have been of the adder variety, measured ? live feet ten inches, and was the ^ largest ever seen in this part of the j country. I * ARISTOCRAT OF "J. Fierpont Morgan" of Albany, ( by Miss K. Van Kennsiler of the stat< dog show hold at Lenox, Mass. The his gorgeously titted up traveling bedi A HERO IP -j Cripple Rowed Through Gulf j Storm to Save Ship. i Thomas A. Wells of Texas Town Paddles Frail Canoe Eight Miles in Raging Sea to Get Help for Rudderless Vessel. Houston. Tex.?Thomas A. Wells of I'alaclos. the heroic cripple, who paddled a frail skiff through eight miles of raging sea to bring rescue to seven men who were on a rudderless boat, is visiting an aunt near Houston Heights. The first ntntomoiif Mr Wot!- tii-nt<> was characteristic of the man. "!t tViihii'L much," he said, when ho was asked for an account of his perilous trip through an angry sea. "It wasn't much" that seven men were saved from certain death hecause a little man no more than five feet high, walking on crutches, had launched a little skiff from the deck of the rudderless Mermaid in the raging Gulf of Mexico! "It wasn't much" that he had calmly seated himself in that skiff and coolly looked death in the face as he worked his way to safety and to help! "I believed 1 could make tin- trip." he said. "Soon after laun* hing the skiff 1 found the current was running out to sea, while the wind was blowing shoreward. So. hy turning my boat to catch all the breeze I could without shipping too much water ! managed to keep from drifting out into the gulf. I didn't get more than two or three gallons of water In the skiff until I struck the breakers just out of Port O'Connor. Hut when I finally got to land the boat was more than half full The sea was choppy there and it was impossible to l:oep the water out. "I couldn't get anybody at Port O'Connor that night to go to the rescue of the men in the Mermaid. Finding I couldn't get help there. I tidephoned to Palaeios. finally getting In touch with Capt. William Sntt.erfleld. who came as soon as he could get his llOUt if* rn?*/iinouo f 1 ' ?> ? % * ' 111 v;oo? * *' . itllll C. M Dunbar wore on the Clairette with Captain Futtorfleld. Their boat had a hard time riding the rough sen. hut It finally reached the stranded Mermaid. "The sea was so rough that the men could not he brought on hoard Captain Sutterfleld's boat except by ropes A rope was thrown to them and they had to. one at a time. Jump Into the water and be pulled up the side of the Clairette." "How about your skiff? Hooks like you would have had an awful time keeping it from riling tip." was venturned "It wasn't so hard when the big waves came at me." he explained "When two of them came together, each from a different direction, it was a little hard to decide which one to look for first." "You would have had a nice ti;ne swimming to shore in that sea If your boat had been swamped." was an observation of the interviewer. "I can't swim." he replied nonchallantly. as if that were merely an unimportant detail "I had a life preserver I could have kept afloat with it." Certainly lie could, and no one knew better than lie where he would float to. with the current going inexorably out to sea. RETURN OF MANY BIRDS New York Naturalists Report Species That Have Been Missing for Years Coming Back. Albany. N. Y It appears that ' birds are becoming more numerous in New York state This applies not only to the ordinary kinds, bu^ to rare species as well. Theses facts ares set forth in a report made to the conservation department by George F Guelph. a naturalist, of Hrockport. Monroe county. Mr. Guelph for two years has given the public the benetit of his observations of bird migration along the shores of Lake Ontario. In this year's report he mentions having seen s??e ies that have for many years brers almost or wholly unknown in , thl.a part of the country. i THE DOG FAMILY he prlze-w inning toy poodle exhibited ? capital at the sixth annual open-air little fellow looks mighty happy in room cage. sl A SKIFF There are now more than 200 species of birds which may bo looked for regularly along the lako during the time of migration. Mr. Guolph re|K?rts. There are also about twenty species that can be seen occasionally, and twelve which have been seen but a few times and are rare. A Hudson curlew, a wlllet. and a knot, birds rarely found in western New York, were seen there this year. Mr , ? mi; b. inn kihh i h a niru tlint koos far into the Arctic regions to breed, and it migrates in winter to the extreme southern part of South America. A blue goose, one of the rarest of the larger water fowl, also was seen 'his year. There are only six records of its having been seen before in this state Gallinulcs. or "mud hens," are more plentiful this season than for several > ears. Itlack ducks have been common throughout the season. Mr. (Juelph says, and early ducks are more plentiful now than they have been for a long time. Mr. Guelph says that probably there will be good duck shooting when the season opens. DOGS MOURN GAYNOR'S DEATH Three Canine Companions of Mayor Inconsolable, Seek Him In Old Haunts. New York. Pathetic in connection with the death of Mayor Gaynor have been the actions of his three dogs on his country place at St. .Tames, I.. 1. Kver since receipt of the news of their master's death they have realized that something untoward had happened to him. They Late Mayor Gaynor at His Country Home. make frr<|iu?nt trips over tho roads | and p.tills which the mayor was accus ion.i (1 to take on his long walks with ni.- (logs as companions. Tho most jk i si: tent in his Heart h for traces ol his master is Ilea, an Irish setter, which was Mr. Haynor's favorite. CHILD W1THOIJ Gorman Doctors Interested in Case ol Baby Which Lived for Nearly Four Years. !. rI: n. The fJermnn medical press records th<> remarkable case of a child which lived for nearly four years without any trace of a fon brain. Neu rologists explain that tin- case demon st rates the absolute dependence ol human Ik ins on the fore or sentient brain, and shows that a human cannot carry on the ordinary processes neces nary for his preservation without it The fish or frog without tht forebrain has greater capability than had the child 'n question. This child revealed no trace wliatever of thh vital brain section, so its ner votts system was absolutely sitn liar to that of a fish, though the lat ter is capable of performing all tlu vital functions necessary for nutrition : nd self-defense. The ease of the chi'.d is especially noteworthy because of the long dura , tion (if life. In other cases tlm brain v *iSBBB Bit>^?^iMlillil(lliiilil^. | LABOR CLASS GAINS i England's Middle Class Feel Advance of Former. Paper Declares That the Lot of Professional With Moderate Income Is Far Worse Than That of the Average Working Man. I ===== v Ixuidnn.?A good deal of attention it* being paid to the true meaning and effect of the almost continual labor uplieavult* that have affected this country in the last few years, and that threaten to continue for an indefinite period. The Dally Kxprcss finds ground for hope of peace in the circumstance, or alleged circumstance, that, as a result of the recent strikes, many of the labor organizations are virtually bankrupt. "Not one or two, but nearly all the societies of organized workers," It eays, "are suffering severely from the strain put on their resources by the strike mania of the last few years. The grand strikes have duly taken place. They have neither intimidated the employers nor broken the back of organized society, though they have done much to imperil that right to work which ought to be 110 less inalienable than the right to strike. But they have effectually bankrupted the (leneral Federation, reducing its re serve fund to a meager sum, largely, it is said, hypothecated in other directions. The Globe, pointing out another fea ture of the situation that has ariw.n from the labor unrest, prints a thoughtful article headed "Middle Class Burdens." "It is." it sayo, "easy to wax sentimental over the woes of the socalled working claspes; and now that ; labor has secured a certain amount of ' political power, demagogues are finding that to heup benefits from the ample coffers of the state upon the working man is a sure and safe road to tho attainment and retention of office." 1 Obviously, however, says the Globe, the state can not continue to provide free education, old ngo pensions and expensive Insurance, us well as satisfying tho hundred nnd one other demands of the trades unions, without some other class feeling the pinch. It goes on to say: "If the added burden fell solely or chiefly upon those already possessed of a superfluity of this world's goods, there would not be much cause for complaint. Probably we should all, collectively and individually, be better off if society were so constituted that neither the millionaire nor the pauper could exist. But that is a prospect outside reasonable calculation, and, as things are, tho people who pay for the lightening of the often well-to-do worklngman's llfo are that great middle class, which, even before the recent marked Increase In tho cost of living, has alwa?b found the struggle for existence a hard and strenuous one. "At present tho lot of the professional man with a moderate income is, we say it unhesitatingly, far worse than that of the average working man. If the latter has cause to complain that 1.(a I HID nn^cg 111) IIUI (lUSBl'HH llie HUIIIO pur- # chasing power as formerly, the professional man lias good ground for maintaining that he suffers even more severely from the same cause, whtlo his unavoidable expenses are far heavier. "In what direction, it may be asked, is a remedy to be found for this state of things? It is clear that this one class can not go 011 forever bearing not only its own legitimate Bhare of the country's burdens, but everybody else's in addition. Yet politicians and least of all radical demagogues?have no thought for them. Our ears are deafened with the din of many speeches expressing the deepest sympathy for the woes of the people; parliament passes measures intended, at a cost, to relieve this or that grievanco of the same sovereign people. Ilut it is to he noted that this phrase, so reminiscent of French revolutionary times, covers, not all the honest working citizens In the state, but only that class of workers already sufficiently cared for. "We do not believe that it would be possible for the middle clnsses to combine as the working classes have done, 1 and wrench their rights from parliament. Hut wo do say it is tho duty i of the Unionist party to come to the assistance of a class which, above all others, has suffered from tho preda. tory and socializing legisltaion of the last few years." IT A FOREBRAIN less life lasted only for a few days, and the movements of the child did not differ in any respect from those of a normal child, i In the case under discussion the I child lived 394 years, permitting numerous extensive observations of Its state. The child remained in a condition of continual sleep. Its arms ' were flexed and rigid. It. was unablo to grasp or hold anything with Its hands. From the second yenr onward the child cried incessantly, though this y could instantly be stopped by mero ! pressure, especially on the head. It 1 i was impossible to note any psychical . I action, to awaken any feelings, or to ^ j i teach the child anything. Sell Liquor Licenses at Auction. Camden, N. .T.?For the first tlm6 In > this country liquor licenses will be i sold at auction in tho Camden court. Under an act recently passed by the ' New Jersey legislature, when a saloon is deemed a necessity the license is sold to the highest bidder.