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STORY OF FAMOUS CIVIL WAR FIGHT ? Battle of Gettysburg Which Brought Credit to Both Blue and Gray. TURNING POINT OF CONFLICT Total Losses on Both Sides In Three Days' Fighting Over 60,000?Several Generals Killed and Wounded. By EDWARD B. CLARK. WASHINGTON.?It is possible. some people would say probable, that the Battle of Gettysburg changed utterly the course of American history. It was a great light between armies of Americans, for probably fully ninety per cent, of the men who fought on the two sideB were born natives to the American soil. The bravery shown at Gettysburg was of the order which Americans have shown on every field and which reflects credit upon the hardy and heroic ancestry of the men engaged, no matter from what race they may have sprung. At Gettysburg there was nothing to choose between the valor of the North and the South. The South lost the fight, but it lost it honorably and with the prestige of its soldiery undimmed. The charges made on that flol H hflVO ffnno *?' ?v*?? ?m ?v ^vuo uun 11 in ivi umiury hs assaults made under conditions which every man felt might mean death at the end. The defenses made at Gettysburg were of the kind which It takes Iron In the blood to make perfect. At Gettysburg Northerners and Southerners replenished tjielr store of respect for their antagonists. The battle marked the high tide of the war between the states. After It the South largely was on the defensive, but its defense was maintained with fortitude and in the face of privations which could not chill the blood of men fighting for what they thought was the right* The Northern armies were persistent in their attacks through the campaigns which after a few months were started nginst the objective point. Richmond. Brave men hero and bravo men there, and after the end came it was the qualities which keep company with bravery which made the Boldiers of the North and South so ready to forget and to forgive and to work again for the good of a common country. The great battle of Chancellorsville was fought not long before the opposing Union and Confederate forces met ^ - on the field of Gettysburg. Chancellorsville was a Confederate victory. The Southern government believed that the victory should bo followed up by an invasion of the North for, according to its reasoning, if an important engagement could be won upon Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Northern soil the chances of foreign intervention or at least foreign aid to the Southern cause, would be forthcoming. General Robert E. Lee late In the spring of 1863, made his preparations to conduct his campaign Northward into the state of Pennsylvania. He had under his command three corps. General James I^>ngstreet commanding the First, General Richard S. Ewell commanding the Second, and general a. r. Hill commanding the Third. In the Union army which afterward confronted Leo at Gettysburg, there were seven corps, but the number of men In each was much less than that In a Confederate corps, the military composition of each being different. The "Union corps commanders who under Meade were at Gettysburg. were Generals John P. Reynolds. \V. S. Hancock, Daniel E. Sickles, George Sykes, John Sedgwick, O. O. Howard and H. W. Slocum. Forces Almost Evenly Matched. It never has been determined beyond the point of all dispute Just how many men were engaged on each side In the battle of Gettysburg. It is known that the armies were very nearly equal in strength, the probabilities being that the Confederate force was a few thousand men stronger than the Union force, a difference which was balanced perhaps by the fact that the Union armies at Gettysburg were fighting In defense of their i ! r- - " -r: \ land from InTasion, a condition which military men say always adds a subtle something to the fighting quality I which Is In any man. Some authorities have said that there were 100.000 men In the Confederate forces at Gettysburg to be confronted by 90.000 Union troops. Another authority says that the Confederate force was 84.000 and the Union force 80,000. As It was the armies were pretty nearly equally divided In strength. In June, 1863, General Robert E Lee began to move northward. Lee concentrated his army at Winchester. Va.. and then started for the Potomac river, which he crossed to reach the Btate of Maryland. He fully expected to bo followed by General Hooker's army and so General Stuart with a large force of cavalry was ordered by Lee to keep In front of Hooker's army and to check his pursuit of the Confederates If it was attempted. Late In June the Confederate force reached Hagerstown. In the state ol Maryland. It was General Lee's Intention to strike Harrlsburg, Pa., which was a great railroad center and a city where Union armies were recruited and from which all kinds ol supplies were sent out to the soldiers in the field. While the Southern com mander was on his way with a lurge part of his force to the Pennsylvanin capital another part of his command Gen. Robert E. Lee. was ordered to make its way into the Susquehanna Valley through the town of Gettysburg and then to turn in Its course after destroying railroads and garnering In supplies, and to meet the Confederate commander with, the main army at Harrisburg. It was General Jubal A. Early ol General Lee's command, who reached Gettysburg after a long hard march on June 26. From there he went to the town of York nnd from thence to Wrightsvllle. At this place ho was ordered by General I^ee to retrace his steps and to bring his detachment back to a camp near Gettysburg When Early nhd obeyed Lee's ordei and had reached a point near Gettys burg he found the entire Southern force was camped within easy strlk ing distance of the now historic town In the meantime things were hap penlng elsewhere. General Hooker In command of the Union army which had been depleted at Chancellorsville, had succeeded in out-maneuvering General Stuart In command of Lee's cavalry, had got around Stuart's com' rnand in a way to prevent the South' ern general from forming a Junction with the forces of his chief comman aer. i-ee gave over the proposed movement on Harrisburg when he heard of Hooker's approach and brought the different parts of his army together. Four days before the Gettysburg fight began General Hooker resigned as commander of the Union army, Hooker and General Hallock disagreed upon a matter concerning which strategists today say that General Hooker was right. Three days before the battle began, that is, June 28, 18G3, General George Gordan Meade was named as General Hooker's successor in charge of the Northern army. General Meade at once went into the tield and established his headquarters at a point ten or twelve miles south of the town ol Gettysburg. Armies Meet at Gettysburg. It seems that Genoral l^ee on hearing that Stuurt had not succeeded in checking the Union army's advance had made up his mind to turn south ward to meet tho force of Hooker, or as it turned out tho force of Meade. I.ee with his force had advanced north beyond Gettysburg, while Meade with his force was south of the town. The fields near tho Pennsylvania village had not been picked as a place of battle, but there it was that tho two PTPQ t hrmlon 1 * ?.vU. u. .rnco i.ainn lyRullier UI1U IOT three days struggled for the master/. On the last day of June, the day before the real battle of Gettysburg began. General Reynolds, a corps commander of the Union army, went forward to feel out the enemy. He reached Gettysburg by nightfall. His corps, the First, together with the Third and the Eleventh Infantry Corps with a division of cavalry, composed tho Union army's left wing. The Fifth Army Corps was sent to Hanover, southeast of Gettysburg, and the Twelfth Corps was Immediately south of Gettysburg at a distance of eight or nine miles TblH was on June 30, and the Union forces were fairly well separted, but they were converging and Gettysburg was their objective. General Reynolds of the Union forces arrived at Gettysburg early on the morning of July 1. He dispatched a courier to Meade saying that the high ground above Gettysburg was the prop<^ place to meet the enemy. > Not long after this message was sent to Meade General Reynolds who disi patched it. was killed. He was on horseback near a patch of woods with i his force confronting a large detachment of Confederate troops w hich was coming toward them. These troops of the enemy were dispersed by the Union batteries and Reynolds was i watching the successful solid shot and shrapnel onset when a bullet struck him In the head killing him Instantly. General Abner Doubleday succeeded i Reynolds In command of the troops , at that point of the field. A brigade of Confederates, a Mississippi organization, charged the Union forces, broke their organization and succeeded in making prisoners of a lafge part i of a New York regiment. Later these ! men were recaptured and the Missis slppl brigade was driven back, a por, tion of It surrendering. In the fight ' on the first day at this nolnt of thu i field or near It. one Union regiment. ! tho 151st Pennsylvania, lost in killed i and wounded 337 nu>n out of a total of 446 in a little more than a quarter ! of an hour's light. i General Doubleday fell back to Seml Inary Ridge and extended his line. Tho forces employed against him here were greater than his own, and after hard lighting Seminary Ridge was given up. The first day's battle was in effect and in truth a victory for the Southern arms. On tho night of July 1 General Hancock arrivod and succeeded in rallying tho Union forces and putting new heart into the men. General Meade on that night ordered the eutlre army to Gettysburg. Victory Not Followed Up. For some reason or other perhaps unknown to this day. what was virtually a Confederate victory on the first | of July was not followed up by Gen- j eral Lee early on the next morning. ; General Meade therefore succeeded in strengthening his lines and in pre- i paring for the greater contlict. One I end of tho Union lino was some dis- j tance east of Cemetery Hill on Rock Creek, another end was at Round Top I something more than two miles be- | yond Cemetery Hill to the south. The ' Confederate line confronting it was somewhat longer. It is impossible in a brief sketch of . this battle to give the names of the brigade and the regimental commanders and the names of tho regiments 1 which were engaged on both sides in 1 this great battle. Meade, Hancock, 1 Howard, Slocum and Sickles with their men were confronting Leo, 1 Longstreot. Hill, Ewell and the other 1 great commanders of the South with their men. Tho line of battle with the Bpaces in between the different com' mands was nearly ten miles. It was 1 the Confederate general's intention to ' attack at tho extreme right and left 1 and at the center simultaneously. It 1 was to be General Longstreet's duty ' to turn the left tlank of the Union army and to "break it." Longstreet's intended movement was discovered in time to hnve It mot ..olio m tl.. - ^ .. itiuv ? UMUiillJ . 1 UU battle of the second day really be1 gan with I.ongstreet's advance. The Maj. Gen. George E. Pickett. Southern general did not succeed in i the plan which he had formed to get i by Rig Round Top and to attack the Third Corps from a position of van ' tage In the rear General Sickles defended Round Top and Lougstreet could not take It. i When one visits the battlefield of Gettysburg he can trace the course of battle of the second dav where It ' raged at Round Top. Peach Orchard, ' Cemetery Ifill, Culp's Hill, and what Is known as The Devil's Den Tho tide of battle ebbed and flowed. Little Round Top was saved from capture by the timely arrlvul of a brigade commanded by General Weed that i dragged the guns of a I'nlted States regular battery up to the summit by i hand. i A4 the end of the second day's fight i It was found that the Southern army had failed to break the left flank of the opposing forces, that it had failed to capture Round Top and that the i right flank of tho Northern army, although vigorously attacked, had not been broken. There was a tremendous loss of life on both sides, and while in general tho day had gone 1 favorably to the Northren cause Gettysburg was still a drawn battle. Charge of Gen. Pickett. It was on July 3, the third and last 1 day of the great battle of Gettysburg | that Pickett's men made their charge frr - ~ . which has gone Into history as one of tho most heroic assaults of all time. It was forlorn hope but It was grasped and the men of George Edward Pickett. Confederate soldier, went loyally and with full hearts to their death across a shrapnel and rlflo swept Held. When the third day's fighting opened It began with an artillery duel. 1 hundreds of guns beichiug forth shot and death from the batteries of both , contending forces. It is said that this was the greatest duel engaged In by field pieces during the four years of the war between the states. The 1'nion guns at one time ceased 1 firing, and it is said that the southern commander thought they had been silenced, and then K was that Longstreet's men made an assault and Pickett's men made their charge. The former general's objective was Big Round Top. but his forces were drlv- ! on lmrk Ploknt fnrmo/l Kla I ?.l ? ! in brigade columns and they moved directly across the fields over fiat ground. They had no cover and they had no sooner corao Into effective range than they were met by such a storm of shot as never before swept over a field of battle. < They went on and on. and on closing in their depleted ranks and mov- . ing steadily forward to their death. ( Those of Pickett's men who reached Maj. Gcn. John F. Reynolds. thoir destination had a short hand-tohand encounter with the northern soldiers. It was soon over and Pickett's charge, glorious for all time in history, was a failure in that which it attempted to do, but was a success as helping to show the heroism of American soldiers. The losses at Gettysburg on both sides were enormous. The Union army lost Generals Zook, Farnsworth, Weed and Reynolds, killed; while Graham, Barnes, Gibbon, Warren, I>ouble- ! day. Barlow, Sickles, Butterfleld and Hancock were wounded. The total casualties killed .wounded, captured or missing on the Union side num- j bered nearly 24,000 men. On the Con- , federate side Generals Semmes, Pender, Garnet. Armistead, and Harks- | 1 dale were killed, and Generals Kemper, Klmbal, Hood, Heth, Johnson and 1 Trimble were wounded. The entire Confederate loss is estimated to have been nearly 30,000 men. The third day's light at Gettysburg was a victory for northern arms, but it was a hard won light and tho conflict reflects luster today upon the : north and the south. Lee led his army back southward, lator to con front Grant in tho campaigns which finally ended at Appomattox. Forces Engaged and Losses. The forces engaged at the Rattle oi Gettysburg were; Confederate?According to olllcia. \ accounts the Army of North Virginia . on the 31st of May, numbered 74,168 The detachments which joined num bered 6,400. making sO.868. Deducting ( the detachments left in Virginia? ; Jankins' brigade. Pickett's division j 2,300; Corse's brigade, Pickett's divl ( ijiun, i.iuv, utiavumems rrom tsocont ( corps and cavalry, 1.300, In all 5,300? leaves an aggregate of 75,568. , Union?According to tho reports ol ( the 30th of June, and making allowance ( for detachments that Joined In the in . terim in time to take part in the bat tie, the grand aggregate was lOO.DtK officers and men. j The casualties were: Confederate? First corps 7,53$ ! Second corps 5.93'i Third corps 6,73; , Cavalry 1,42 Aggregate ...I 21637 Union? First corps 6,059 Second corps 4.36S j Third corps 4,211 ' Fifth corps 2,187 i Sixth corps 242 I Eleventh corps 3,801 i Twelfth corps 1,082 I Cavalry 1.094 i Staff 4 ' | i Aggregate .23 049 I Distinctive. * i "Show me some tiaras please. I < want one for my wife." j i "Yea, sir. About what price?" i "Well, at such a price that I can t say: 'Do you see that woman with tho i tiara? She is rny wife."?Pearson's I Weekly. I I Puz/led Missourlan. Will Home one explain why some ? people who are invariably lato at | church need no bell to call them to th? I moving-picture show on time? i 7??v Tells All About Styles < WASHINGTON.?A curlouH request camo to the editor In the early spring months. "Tho next time you 50 to Washington." wrote a subscriber, 'won't you make some observations ind toll us what the real styles are, is observed by a man? We have fashion books, of course, but what loos the average man observe In wornin's attire?" The letter was dispatched to Washington with other memoranda, but lay neglected in Its envelope until one afternoon I stumbled In ou a deputation from a fashionable young ladies' school being received by the president In tho east room of the White House, a-rites Joe Mitchell Chappie in Naional Magazine. They were a bright lot of girls, laughing and chatting as became young and pretty maidens. Every hat seemed to have a ribbon | She Was a Grand Lit! THK was the wife of a government olllclal and as a climber she could beat anything in tho tire department. At mounting the ladder she was better than Chief Wagner's fiercest lire nater. She could put one hand on the barrier of social icebergs and leap into the center of things and pretend she had always been "it." She was a grand lorgnette operator. That was one of her prltno acquisitions. She had prnctlced lorgnetting In much the same fashion that feverish golfers practice driving with a pro lessionai or. tne side lines. After several seasons. In which 8he climbed enough social mountains with her trusty lorgnette to entitle her to a presidency In the Alpine club, she attained that exalted position in her own imagination which ulways carries with a poor memory for those who do not travel in the set toward which she Is clambering. One of these poor downtrodden worms, no* In society of any sort, happens to be the bright secretary of a politician from the middle west. The youth Is a lawyer of slight practice but of active political tendencies, and a pretty bright kid. Mrs. Lorgnette knows the youth as well as she knows her own name. His name Ke Illustrated the Greal ^t^/civEUT I #7 J A HICH TARIFF 1 " REPRESENTATIVE Charles D. Oarter of Oklahoma is proud of tho fact that, be is one of the few men In congress in whoso veins there is a toodly share of original American dood. In other words. Representative I 'arter boasts of seven-slxteenthe j 'hickasaw and Cherokee Indian blood. Representative Carter spent his j joyhood on the western frontier of tho 'hickasaw nation, and since he entered national politics has had much :o do with the framing of Indian legslation under the dome of tho capitol. j When tho lumber schedule of tho new tariff bill wait discussed a while ago Carter, who is straight as an irrow ant! swaithy of complexion, told he foilowing story to illustrate the possibilities of debate on that imporant schedule: Most of the Statues at ONE of the criticisms made against the Sherman monument at the south of the treasury is that It faces the wrong way; that is, it faces to tho north, bo that persons looking at it from the front must generally look ngalnst the light, thus obscuring their rlslon of the details of the work. It may bo so. Most of the statues In the public spaces of the capital face toward tho south, but a number of statues In addition to that of Sherman look toward tho north. Among those facing north or northerly are Rawlins, Kociuszko, Steuben, Paul Jones, Alexander Shepherd and Samuel D. Cross, he physician whose effigy stands In tho grounds of the Smithsonian Institution. Among those facing to the south or southerly are McPherson, Scott, Lo?an. Lincoln (In front of the city nail), Lafayette, Kochambeau, Henjani in Franklin, Farragut, Dupont, at the National Capital rudder veering out prominently astern. "Boat shaped" hats seemed the trend of that line of millinery. There were hats with a little lone aigrette popping up like a lonesome try-sail located well aft. There were sweeping hats, suggesting saucy yachts, floating over dainty little shell-like ears. Some of them might have been worshiped without breaking any of the commandments, being utterly unlike anything either in the heavens above or the oarth beneath. The absence of birds on those hats would have delighted the Audubon and Humane so cietles, for not a bird was In sight In that lino of hat craft, although It looked as If several bird's nest lace creations were stowed away In bo mo of the crowns. So far as the editorial eye of the observer could sec, the hat bodies were made of straw. This, I believe, characterises summertime headgear. i As the request was limited to styles, nothing may be added or conjectured as to the "high cost" of the various creations. The dainty jackets, loosely worn, resembled lu the upper Btory the lines of a fancy pajama, while the lower story was reefed to preserve the nautical trend of the fashions. :le Lorgnette Operator ('SO CQQD OF YOU ) EMBER 'Tj wo will call Johnson, although it la nothing like It. One day Mrs. Lorgnette had occa, sion to visit the office In which Mr. Johnson was working. Mrs. Lorgnette had a heavily brocaded friend with her and for some reason It pleased her to pretend not to know Mr. Johnson. Up went the trusty lorgnette and through It Hhot a large-sized, well * sharpened look of inquiry. "Let mo Bee." she Bald with a tea party accent, "have I not met you somewhere about. Isn't your name, er?ah?isn't it Gray?" Remember, now, she knew that name Johnson perfectly well. "Yes," he said, "It Is Gray. So good of you to remember It." And now Mrs. Lorgnette Is h??rin. I ning to believe that Gray-Johnson was I making game of her. : Possibilities of Debate | "In the early daya of Oklahoma poll| tics there was a Joint political discussion thero between a Republican and a 1'opulist. Both played checkers with I their past political records, the Republican having been a 'Greenbacker' and the Populist a Republican. After the former had finished a scathing attack on tho vagaries of Populism the latter read a 'Greenback* speech made j years before by his antagonist and rested his case. "Tho evidence was conclusive and the case looked bad for the Republican. when the nccused dramatically demanded: " 'Mr. Populist, did you never make a i>olitlcal utterance of which you were ashamed and for which you would apologize?' " 'Yes,' replied the PopullBt with abi solute franknese. 'I was living once in a dugout in southwest Kansas, dirt for tho bottom, dirt for the top and dirt for the sides, and It was a bitter ; winter. I had nothing but a flimsy, worn-out quilt hung tn the doorway to keep tho chilling blasts of winter from [ freezing my shaking frame. I stood | shaking, shivering and chattering, and I raised my hands to heaven and j prayed for a high tariff on lumber.'" the Capital Face North Thomas, McClellan and Wltherspoon. Jackson, Oreene, Hancock, Pulaski and Marshall at the foot of the capitol look toward the west. Albert Pike, Sheridan and Longfellow face toward the east, and as the correspondent writes this his memory seems to tell him that the statue of Garfield faces west and that the statue of Daniel Webster faces east, but memory Is soraet'.me a tricky thing. The statue of Scott Is In the Soldlors' home grounds Is another thai faces toward the south. -Uli