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CHATTAXOOOA. Tenn. The annual
reunion of the United Confederate
Veterans will be lielil
here May 27-29 inclusive. On
the same dates, also, the Sons
or Confederate Veterans moci here in
annual reunion.
Two of the heaviest battles of the
Civil war were fought on territory
now praetieally included in the city i
of Chattanooga, or as suburbs. Tlieso '
were the terrible battle of Chickamauga,
in which more blood flowed
than on any other field, not excepting
European countries, and the battle of |
Missionary Ridge, the result of which
broke the hold of the Confederates
upon the Chattanooga valley and >
turned the territory over to the
Union army. These battles wero :
fought Just fifty years ago. and this
year is. therefore, their semi-centen- j
nial.
The battle of Chlckamauga was
fought September lit and 20. 180.3.
The battle of Missionary Ridge was
fought two months later, or. to he
exact, on November 2">. 180.1. J?o
less important battles, however, were
fought here. These were the battle
of Lookout Mountain. November 21,
and the battle of Orchard Knob. No
vember 2:?. These three engagements
constitute the battle of Chattanooga.
Missionary Ridge being the climax In
the series of battles.
About 50.000 men were killed,
wounded and missing In the fighting
around Chattanooga. The engagement
at Chickamauga furnisheu about I
35.000 of the total casualties.
To commemorate and memorialize rn(
theso battlefields, the national gov- j no
enimnnt and states have spent large .
sums of money. There are about Kr
2.000 memorials of all kinds and de- er
scrlptlons on the battlefields here.
These memorials consist of marble
and bronze monuments, mounted cannon,
historical tablets, distance tab- ?'1
lets, and observation towers.
izc
The government has converted
Chickamauga into a nntional military
park. It contains about (5.500 acres ^
of land, and this will he largely increased
In the nesy future through .
additional purchases. Fort Oglethorpe,
a brigade army post, the largest In I
the United States, has been estab- RO
lished at Chickamauga park, and la
now occupied by the Eleventh cavalry.
The roads In Chickamauga park hnve I R(>
been preserved in practically the
same topographical form as they
were before the great battle. The
government, however, has covered all j
of them with macadam, giving the wj
tourist a continuous journey of about nj|
110 miles over the covernment hnnlo
Tarda and battlefield roads. j
The federal government has erected jI1(
on these fields nine handsome gran- fo,
Ite monuments to regular troops, and jjf
twenty-threo shell monuments It m(
has also erected five Iron and steel on
observation towers seventy feet high f01
Wllder's observation tower Is 8f? feef a]]
high. There have been placed on
these fields 700 historical tablets, and ftV
360 distance and locality tablets.
The northern states have spent a nu
large amount of money on the f'hatta- th<
nooga battlefields. New York lending he
in the total expenditure. That state So
has spent about $100,000 for a con- to
stderable group of monuments scat- ed
tered over the fields. The most Jm- gr<
posing New Ybrk monument is on
Lookout Mountain In Point Park. at
Ohio has a group of monuments gri
here that cost about $130,000. includ- m<
ing the expense o2 markers and tab- its
lets. The states of Pennsylvania, In- lib
diaria, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- frr
in arc liberally represented by monu- de
HAD SAILORS, B
#?
'Why Officers of the Confederate Navy f,>
Were Put In Command of the
tei
Shore Batteries.
m;
Stephen B. Mallory was made sec- ini
.fetary of the Confederate States wt
navy, and the department was or- na
.ganlzed aa other cabinet departments lin
were, but we had no ships. There wt
were plenty of officers, but only a I toi
w ' '
tcrans to
CAPT. JAMES JOLK SMARTT.
y f^Pl" . r:r"?
/m
mts. as aro a number of other
rthern states.
Tho southern states have spent a
eat deal of money here also In
ectlnfi monuments, tablets and
irkcrs. Tennessee has four inonu?nts
and forty-seven markers at
ilckamauga South Carolina has
o monument and ten markers at
ilckamauga. Alabama has authorMi
the expenditure of $25,000 for a
mutuant. on the same field. Florida
proprlated $15,000 for a monument
Chickaniauga. This monument,
th the imposing memorial erected
the Ladies' Memorial Association
Alabama, will be dedicated during
e May reunion. One of the handmost
monuments on the field of
ilckamauga is the Georgia monu;nt,
erected at. a cost of $2.">,000. Tlie
ntimental inscription on this monumt
is as follows: "To the lasting
smory of all her sons who fought on
is field?those who fought and lived
d those who fought and died, those
10 gave much and those who gave
. Georgia erects this monument." 1
Kentucky has a beautiful monument
Chickamauga bearing the following
scriptlon: "Erected to her sons who
ught and fell. As we aro united in
e nnd they united in death, let one
niument perpetuate their deeds, and
e people, forgetful of all appetites,
rover hold In grateful remembrance .
the glories of that terrible conflict
lich made all men free and retained
ery star on the nation's flag."
South Carolina has a handsome
mumont at Chickamauga on which
a following inscription appears: "To
r faithful sons at Chickamauga.
uth Carolina erect9 this monument
commemorate the valor they prov,
nnd the lives they gave, on this
eat battlefield "
Maryland has erected a monument.
Chickamauga to both blue nnd
ay. The inscription on this monu
>nt is as follows: 'The proud horiRf?
bequeathed to worthy sons of
ustrious sires arose, Phoenlx-Ilkc,
>m tho fierce fraternal strife, reerned
and regenerated, and now
;UT NO SHIPS
w vessels So It fell to the duty
naval officers to command batrles,
and the first were on tho l'otoic
river.
While both armies were prepar<
for the contest that commenced
th the battle of Hull Run, or Manssas.
tho Confederates erected a j
ie of batterie on tho Potomac
lich entirely blockaded Washlngn,
and that so completely that |
>
An
I' ?VVl VII I
Historian of the Chattanooga-Chic
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and forever, victor and vanquished
are indlssolubly united, knowing but
one God, one country, one destiny."
Tlio battle of C'hickamauga had.
according to men who gave tin; subject
careful and painstaking study,
the highest percentage of loss known
to wars, for two days' lighting. Th
armies throw themselves upon each
other with a fury that is probably not .
exceeded in the history of wars. The
battle, beginning In earnest on Sat
urday, September 10. lasted until Sunday
evening about dusk, when Gen.
George 11. Thomas withdrew his
forces from Snodgrass hill and aban (
doned the llehl to the Confederates.
There was an intercession of the
fighting, of course. Saturday night,
because of darkness, but hostilities j
were resumed early Sunday morning.
The two armies fought hack and
forth over the field all of Sunday,
strewing the ground with the dead '
and wounded and setting high water !
mark for casualties. The loss in this '
battle will never be known, but the 1
most careful estimates place the num- :
ber of dead, wounded and missing at 1
about 35.000. or about one-third of '
tho number engaged Some rommanda 1
lost as high as 70 per cent, of their '
men.
After this battle the federal forces
began strengthening their fortifica- 1
tlons around Chattanooga The Con- '
federates moved nearer to the city '
and also fortified their position, *
throwing their lines in front of the '
city from tho river above to the river '
below. The two armies occupied '
practically tho same positions for 1
two months. Hostilities were resumed
actively with a movement by 1
the federals, on November 22. against i
Orchard Knob. General Grant had 1
reached Chattanooga a month earlier !
and assumed command of the army.
Ills plan of campaign was to surprise i
the Confederates at the north end of <
Missionary ltidge by sending General ;
Sherman against that potision, and <
carry the ridge, which was held by t
the Confederates, to the railroad tun i
nel before It could bo occupied by a
even their gunboats bad to sneak j i
by at night. The most effective of 1
these batteries was that commanded I
Ktr llf n t -a *?
u, v u. r. ijjni'ii 01 I III! i on- 1
federate States navy, at Aquia <
Creek. To take this battery the fen- t
emy planned an expedition of four i
gunboats, with a regiment of men to s
land and hold the works. On Juno '
119, 1801. tho United States gun- I
boats Pensacola. ten guns; tho Ana- l
costa. Resolute and Freeborn, two i
guns each, under command of Cap- t
tain Ward of the United States i
Famous E
>kamauga National Park Commis
f ?
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&0/YC'AfJvV7'
stronger force. General Hooker wan
kept In Lookout Valley to guard
igainst a movement from the Confederate
left, (leneral Thomas was to
move the Army of the Cumberland to
lie left, connect with Sherman if he
reached the tunnel on Missionary
Ridge, and then sweep southward.
Iriving the Confederates up the val
ley, and out of reach of their base
if supplies at Chickamauga, Tenn.
The l'nion movement against Orchard
Knob was made for the purpose
of verifying a report that (Jen ral
Grunt had received that the ConFederates
were retreating. It was a
mecessful movement, and that einilence
fell into the hands of the Federals.
becoming General Grant's headjuarters
during liie remainder of the
campaign.
Next day the battle of Lookout
Mountain was fought. This engage- !
ment took place on a bench of Look- ]
mt Mountain, below the summit, and
s known as the "battle above the
iwiki.i. i in- < ?nii?'ueran's were uriv
n from their position. During tills
Itattle a cloud swept over the mounaiii,
enveloping the contending regiments.
The battle of Missionary Ridge
,vas fought November 2",. During the
light of November 24 till of Doneral
Itragg's troops were withdrawn from
Lookout Mountain and the Chatta
..eiga Valley and massed on Missioniry
Ridge About I o'clock on tiie
wening of November 2."> a general
idvance on Missionary Itidge was orIered
from <?eneral fJraut's headquart
rs One of the most imposing specacles
of the Chattanooga campaign
,vas witnessed here. The Union sol
navy, opened tire upon this battery,
ivhicli was returned briskly. The
tight lasted two hours, when Ward
retired with no loss on either side.
)n Juno 1, Ward renewed the light,
his time for five hours, expending
ibout fit):) shot nnd shell, when
igain lie was forced to retire
ivith a loss of live men and the Freetorn
so badly damaged that it had
o go to Washington navy yard for
opairs. There were no casualties on
he Confederate side, though the
vorlcs and the officers and men's quar- J
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battlefields
sion.)
diers wore advanced across a level
plain for a mile in plain view from
the crest of the ridge, and ordered fo
capture and hold the Confederate
rifle pits at the base. The fighting
on the slopes of this ridge was
among the hardest of the Civil war.
The Confederates were driven from
the ridge. This victory left the Union
army in undisputed possession of the
Chattanooga valley. The Confederates
retreated into Georgia.
Theso military operations, from beginning
to end, extended over a wide
scope of territory. A circle draan
around Chattanooga to cover the
ground over which tho armies contended
desperately for the mastery,
would be about thirty miles in diameter.
or fifteen miles in all directions
from the center of the city. There,
was, of course, much fighting, of the
skirmish character, while the Federal
army was advancing from Middle
Tennessee on Chattanooga. After the
battles around Chattanooga, when
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the Confederates wero retreating
south to Atlanta, tliero was almost
continuous fighting, some of the engagements
amounting to pitched hat
ties. Among these was the bloody engagement
at Kennesaw Mountain.
The national government and the
state governments are uniting in the
work of reclaiming, beautifying and
adorning these fields. While a great
t\f t trnurouu l??*c? ho,v? 1 - i!
.. ... ... no nun IIUIUC, lll?*
work la by no means completed. It
hns been suggested a number of
times by responsible persona that in
time the national government should
erect n colossal arch at Chattanooga
as a memorial to both armies, and a
testimonial to American valor. The
erection of such a memorial Is one of
the future possibilities.
Daughters of Confederacy.
Although less than twenty years old,
the United Daughters of the Confederacy
lias become one of the most important
women's organizations of the
world. It now has over 1,200 chapters,
representing almost every state
in the Union. There are 22 states
having divisions numbering at least
three chapters. The total membership
now approximates SO,000, and It is rapidly
Increasing, as there have been
prizes ofTered tho different chapters
for additional members. There are
strong bonds of unity between southern
women, and in whatever state they
settle they are uniting to form now
chapters and to make their organization
more powerful each day.
Gift for Sick Child.
A gift which brings happiness to a
sick child Is a paper doll given In this
way: Send the doll, a small-jointed
doll, for which you can make crape
paper dresses, with one dress, and a
note to the sick child, saying that
very day. or every third day. or every
week, as you please, the. morning mail
will bring an addition to the doll's
wardrobe.
At different times send dresses }'or
the house, party dresses trimmed with
paper flowers, hats, muffs, rapes and
coats, kimonos and street clothes. Another
doll or so also can bo sent.
I
; ters were badly wrecked. Captain
Ward, in reporting the engagement
to the United States navy department.
said: I was surprised nt tho
i heroic persistency with which Capt,
W. F. Lynch, formerly of our
navy, who commanded at Aquia
Creek during my several attacks,
held his post, glass in hand, on tho
ramparts, against all the urgency of
his men to qu 11 a post made desperately
hazardous by tho shot and
shell falling thickly and exploding
[ about him.''
\
fimm/oioNAL
sunmtSoiool '
Lesson
(By E. O. SELLERS, Director of Evening
Department. Yho Moody Bible Institute
of Chlcagq.)
LESSON FOR MAY 25.
JOSEPH AND BENJAMIN.
LESSON TEXT-Oen. 43:18, 19, 23-34.
GOLDEN TEXT?"Ho that loveth hie
brother abldeth in the light." I John 2:10.
Jacob's plaintive cry as uttered In
verse six of this chapter touches the
heart of any father,, but God is working
out his plan unknown to Jacob.
The brothers must have been impressed
by Joseph's words that they
should dare starvation, and their father's
eriof nml nnt?ot- roftmi- n.o? ??
_ ? V..?u
turn to Egypt without their brother
Benjamin.
Judah, who before had sought to deliver
Joseph, now offers to become
surety for Benjamin. Thus It was
that Jacob was persuaded, but to
make as good an impression as possible
with this strange Egyptian ruler
Jacob directed that in addition to the
necessary funds a present also be prepared
(43:11), and remembering the
strange return of the money before,
that this time a double portion be
taken. Two words will serve to dlvido
the lesson. Fear and Feasting.
Sought His Brother.
I. Fear, vv. 18-25. Ordinarily
such an invitation to Joseph's house
would be considered a great honor,
but In this strange land and possessed
by guilty conscience wo read, "And
the men were afraid." They who so
carelessly sold their brother into slavery
are themselves fearful of becoming
"bondmen." Joseph did seek an
occasion against them but it was that
he might secure} his brother Benjamin
(the others were only half-brothers),
to abide with him in Egypt. Notice
how eagerly they explain the matter
of the money in their sacks to the
steward. The steward seeks to reassure
them by telling them that, "your
(lod, the Clod of your father hath given
you treasure in your sacks." Indeed
Clod had, but he gave them their
blessing through another. Even so
wo through grace are blessed by
means of another who is our Joseph.
Christ is constantly seeking to reassure
our hearts.
II. Feasting, vv. 26-34. In last
week's lesson we beheld these brothers
bowing before Joseph even as his
dream had indicated (37:5-8) and now
a second time they are on their fares
before him. They had bragged that
it should never bo so, "we Bhall see"
(37:20) and indeed they are now seeing.
That man who says to God "I
will not" in the end is always compelled
to do that very thing ho in his
pride said ho would not do. Those
who now mock our Joseph will in the
end be compelled to do him obeisance,
| Rom. 11:11; Phil. 2:10. It waB that
Joseph might gain his brother Benjamin
that he made all of these delays
in revealing himself to his other
brothers. As we have seen Benjamin
was Joseph's only full brother 30:22
etc., and had had no part in the conspiracy
against Joseph, hence Joseph's
heart went out in great love for Benjamin,
vv. 29-31. Joseph's tears were
no sign of weakness but rather of
strength, John 11:35; 2 Tim. 1:4. Such
u manifestation of emotion ought never
to bo suppressed.
Bold Pretense.
Joseph knew full well how to control
his emotions (v. 31) till the prop:
er time. Joseph (v. 27) Is fearful that
bis father might have passed away yet
his question does not reveal his identity.
We wonder if there must not
have been some suspicion in the
minds of these Hebrews when their
Egyptian host told the exact order of
their respective ages, v. 33 (see also
44:12), and that perhaps Joseph might
after all be alive. Doubtless their
guilty consciences were again aroused
I when they beheld their youngest
brother Bingled out for such manifest
partiality (v. 34). They, however,
made a bold pretenso and "drank
largely," R. V., making merry to cover
| their confusion. If their drink caused
intoxication wo do not know. Anyhow
they are not held before us as
an example in this particular, nor
docs the biblical account demand that
wo defend them in this matter.
This was a strange feast. Tbe sight
of Denjamin recalls to Joseph the
memories of homo and mother and
' caused him to retire from the presence
of his brothers lest he reveal
himself through his tears. Return;
ing he restrains his emotions while
at the same time his brothers are laboring
under the constraint of their
; fears. What differing emotions haunting
memories recall. Joseph's memories
fill him with love and tenderness
while the brothers are filled with suspicion
of tho entertainment they are
, receiving.
The golden text as applied to Joseph
reveals the secret of the strength
1 of his character. To abide in the
light is to be always true to Qod. It
; means to reveal ultimately the meanInp
nf thft Hhrlrnoon All ? ? ?
...0 w ??w v*v?i ?UVD0. nil VI VU1D
out morn clearly when Joseph at last
fully reveals himself to his brothers.
To walk in the light alone will enable
us to keep the -golden rule for "Love
is goodness In action." This is a tender
lesson to relato to the young and
; for the older we might discuss such
questions as Emotion and Religion.
1 What is it to walk In the light. The ln?
i tf-Uecfc hrfd emotions.