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V Souths Vc ' - v (By ] inflow rf ^6&Mr/%Ar&?&A J f I CHATTAXOOOA. Tenn. The annual reunion of the United Confederate Veterans will be lielil here May 27-29 inclusive. On the same dates, also, the Sons or Confederate Veterans moci here in annual reunion. Two of the heaviest battles of the Civil war were fought on territory now praetieally included in the city i of Chattanooga, or as suburbs. Tlieso ' were the terrible battle of Chickamauga, in which more blood flowed than on any other field, not excepting European countries, and the battle of | Missionary Ridge, the result of which broke the hold of the Confederates upon the Chattanooga valley and > turned the territory over to the Union army. These battles wero : fought Just fifty years ago. and this year is. therefore, their semi-centen- j nial. The battle of Chlckamauga was fought September lit and 20. 180.3. The battle of Missionary Ridge was fought two months later, or. to he exact, on November 2">. 180.1. J?o less important battles, however, were fought here. These were the battle of Lookout Mountain. November 21, and the battle of Orchard Knob. No vember 2:?. These three engagements constitute the battle of Chattanooga. Missionary Ridge being the climax In the series of battles. About 50.000 men were killed, wounded and missing In the fighting around Chattanooga. The engagement at Chickamauga furnisheu about I 35.000 of the total casualties. To commemorate and memorialize rn( theso battlefields, the national gov- j no enimnnt and states have spent large . sums of money. There are about Kr 2.000 memorials of all kinds and de- er scrlptlons on the battlefields here. These memorials consist of marble and bronze monuments, mounted cannon, historical tablets, distance tab- ?'1 lets, and observation towers. izc The government has converted Chickamauga into a nntional military park. It contains about (5.500 acres ^ of land, and this will he largely increased In the nesy future through . additional purchases. Fort Oglethorpe, a brigade army post, the largest In I the United States, has been estab- RO lished at Chickamauga park, and la now occupied by the Eleventh cavalry. The roads In Chickamauga park hnve I R(> been preserved in practically the same topographical form as they were before the great battle. The government, however, has covered all j of them with macadam, giving the wj tourist a continuous journey of about nj| 110 miles over the covernment hnnlo Tarda and battlefield roads. j The federal government has erected jI1( on these fields nine handsome gran- fo, Ite monuments to regular troops, and jjf twenty-threo shell monuments It m( has also erected five Iron and steel on observation towers seventy feet high f01 Wllder's observation tower Is 8f? feef a]] high. There have been placed on these fields 700 historical tablets, and ftV 360 distance and locality tablets. The northern states have spent a nu large amount of money on the f'hatta- th< nooga battlefields. New York lending he in the total expenditure. That state So has spent about $100,000 for a con- to stderable group of monuments scat- ed tered over the fields. The most Jm- gr< posing New Ybrk monument is on Lookout Mountain In Point Park. at Ohio has a group of monuments gri here that cost about $130,000. includ- m< ing the expense o2 markers and tab- its lets. The states of Pennsylvania, In- lib diaria, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- frr in arc liberally represented by monu- de HAD SAILORS, B #? 'Why Officers of the Confederate Navy f,> Were Put In Command of the tei Shore Batteries. m; Stephen B. Mallory was made sec- ini .fetary of the Confederate States wt navy, and the department was or- na .ganlzed aa other cabinet departments lin were, but we had no ships. There wt were plenty of officers, but only a I toi w ' ' tcrans to CAPT. JAMES JOLK SMARTT. y f^Pl" . r:r"? /m mts. as aro a number of other rthern states. Tho southern states have spent a eat deal of money here also In ectlnfi monuments, tablets and irkcrs. Tennessee has four inonu?nts and forty-seven markers at ilckamauga South Carolina has o monument and ten markers at ilckamauga. Alabama has authorMi the expenditure of $25,000 for a mutuant. on the same field. Florida proprlated $15,000 for a monument Chickaniauga. This monument, th the imposing memorial erected the Ladies' Memorial Association Alabama, will be dedicated during e May reunion. One of the handmost monuments on the field of ilckamauga is the Georgia monu;nt, erected at. a cost of $2.">,000. Tlie ntimental inscription on this monumt is as follows: "To the lasting smory of all her sons who fought on is field?those who fought and lived d those who fought and died, those 10 gave much and those who gave . Georgia erects this monument." 1 Kentucky has a beautiful monument Chickamauga bearing the following scriptlon: "Erected to her sons who ught and fell. As we aro united in e nnd they united in death, let one niument perpetuate their deeds, and e people, forgetful of all appetites, rover hold In grateful remembrance . the glories of that terrible conflict lich made all men free and retained ery star on the nation's flag." South Carolina has a handsome mumont at Chickamauga on which a following inscription appears: "To r faithful sons at Chickamauga. uth Carolina erect9 this monument commemorate the valor they prov, nnd the lives they gave, on this eat battlefield " Maryland has erected a monument. Chickamauga to both blue nnd ay. The inscription on this monu >nt is as follows: 'The proud horiRf? bequeathed to worthy sons of ustrious sires arose, Phoenlx-Ilkc, >m tho fierce fraternal strife, reerned and regenerated, and now ;UT NO SHIPS w vessels So It fell to the duty naval officers to command batrles, and the first were on tho l'otoic river. While both armies were prepar< for the contest that commenced th the battle of Hull Run, or Manssas. tho Confederates erected a j ie of batterie on tho Potomac lich entirely blockaded Washlngn, and that so completely that | > An I' ?VVl VII I Historian of the Chattanooga-Chic u m: I .ASmS l>: S* ' : | \ M^g i i 1 -Jro > .? - ????L and forever, victor and vanquished are indlssolubly united, knowing but one God, one country, one destiny." Tlio battle of C'hickamauga had. according to men who gave tin; subject careful and painstaking study, the highest percentage of loss known to wars, for two days' lighting. Th armies throw themselves upon each other with a fury that is probably not . exceeded in the history of wars. The battle, beginning In earnest on Sat urday, September 10. lasted until Sunday evening about dusk, when Gen. George 11. Thomas withdrew his forces from Snodgrass hill and aban ( doned the llehl to the Confederates. There was an intercession of the fighting, of course. Saturday night, because of darkness, but hostilities j were resumed early Sunday morning. The two armies fought hack and forth over the field all of Sunday, strewing the ground with the dead ' and wounded and setting high water ! mark for casualties. The loss in this ' battle will never be known, but the 1 most careful estimates place the num- : ber of dead, wounded and missing at 1 about 35.000. or about one-third of ' tho number engaged Some rommanda 1 lost as high as 70 per cent, of their ' men. After this battle the federal forces began strengthening their fortifica- 1 tlons around Chattanooga The Con- ' federates moved nearer to the city ' and also fortified their position, * throwing their lines in front of the ' city from tho river above to the river ' below. The two armies occupied ' practically tho same positions for 1 two months. Hostilities were resumed actively with a movement by 1 the federals, on November 22. against i Orchard Knob. General Grant had 1 reached Chattanooga a month earlier ! and assumed command of the army. Ills plan of campaign was to surprise i the Confederates at the north end of < Missionary ltidge by sending General ; Sherman against that potision, and < carry the ridge, which was held by t the Confederates, to the railroad tun i nel before It could bo occupied by a even their gunboats bad to sneak j i by at night. The most effective of 1 these batteries was that commanded I Ktr llf n t -a *? u, v u. r. ijjni'ii 01 I III! i on- 1 federate States navy, at Aquia < Creek. To take this battery the fen- t emy planned an expedition of four i gunboats, with a regiment of men to s land and hold the works. On Juno ' 119, 1801. tho United States gun- I boats Pensacola. ten guns; tho Ana- l costa. Resolute and Freeborn, two i guns each, under command of Cap- t tain Ward of the United States i Famous E >kamauga National Park Commis f ? i.. .0 > . &0/YC'AfJvV7' stronger force. General Hooker wan kept In Lookout Valley to guard igainst a movement from the Confederate left, (leneral Thomas was to move the Army of the Cumberland to lie left, connect with Sherman if he reached the tunnel on Missionary Ridge, and then sweep southward. Iriving the Confederates up the val ley, and out of reach of their base if supplies at Chickamauga, Tenn. The l'nion movement against Orchard Knob was made for the purpose of verifying a report that (Jen ral Grunt had received that the ConFederates were retreating. It was a mecessful movement, and that einilence fell into the hands of the Federals. becoming General Grant's headjuarters during liie remainder of the campaign. Next day the battle of Lookout Mountain was fought. This engage- ! ment took place on a bench of Look- ] mt Mountain, below the summit, and s known as the "battle above the iwiki.i. i in- < ?nii?'ueran's were uriv n from their position. During tills Itattle a cloud swept over the mounaiii, enveloping the contending regiments. The battle of Missionary Ridge ,vas fought November 2",. During the light of November 24 till of Doneral Itragg's troops were withdrawn from Lookout Mountain and the Chatta ..eiga Valley and massed on Missioniry Ridge About I o'clock on tiie wening of November 2."> a general idvance on Missionary Itidge was orIered from <?eneral fJraut's headquart rs One of the most imposing specacles of the Chattanooga campaign ,vas witnessed here. The Union sol navy, opened tire upon this battery, ivhicli was returned briskly. The tight lasted two hours, when Ward retired with no loss on either side. )n Juno 1, Ward renewed the light, his time for five hours, expending ibout fit):) shot nnd shell, when igain lie was forced to retire ivith a loss of live men and the Freetorn so badly damaged that it had o go to Washington navy yard for opairs. There were no casualties on he Confederate side, though the vorlcs and the officers and men's quar- J I ?i X , .1* v. \ battlefields sion.) diers wore advanced across a level plain for a mile in plain view from the crest of the ridge, and ordered fo capture and hold the Confederate rifle pits at the base. The fighting on the slopes of this ridge was among the hardest of the Civil war. The Confederates were driven from the ridge. This victory left the Union army in undisputed possession of the Chattanooga valley. The Confederates retreated into Georgia. Theso military operations, from beginning to end, extended over a wide scope of territory. A circle draan around Chattanooga to cover the ground over which tho armies contended desperately for the mastery, would be about thirty miles in diameter. or fifteen miles in all directions from the center of the city. There, was, of course, much fighting, of the skirmish character, while the Federal army was advancing from Middle Tennessee on Chattanooga. After the battles around Chattanooga, when A i ^ / ?* " : $ ) ^ \z> the Confederates wero retreating south to Atlanta, tliero was almost continuous fighting, some of the engagements amounting to pitched hat ties. Among these was the bloody engagement at Kennesaw Mountain. The national government and the state governments are uniting in the work of reclaiming, beautifying and adorning these fields. While a great t\f t trnurouu l??*c? ho,v? 1 - i! .. ... ... no nun IIUIUC, lll?* work la by no means completed. It hns been suggested a number of times by responsible persona that in time the national government should erect n colossal arch at Chattanooga as a memorial to both armies, and a testimonial to American valor. The erection of such a memorial Is one of the future possibilities. Daughters of Confederacy. Although less than twenty years old, the United Daughters of the Confederacy lias become one of the most important women's organizations of the world. It now has over 1,200 chapters, representing almost every state in the Union. There are 22 states having divisions numbering at least three chapters. The total membership now approximates SO,000, and It is rapidly Increasing, as there have been prizes ofTered tho different chapters for additional members. There are strong bonds of unity between southern women, and in whatever state they settle they are uniting to form now chapters and to make their organization more powerful each day. Gift for Sick Child. A gift which brings happiness to a sick child Is a paper doll given In this way: Send the doll, a small-jointed doll, for which you can make crape paper dresses, with one dress, and a note to the sick child, saying that very day. or every third day. or every week, as you please, the. morning mail will bring an addition to the doll's wardrobe. At different times send dresses }'or the house, party dresses trimmed with paper flowers, hats, muffs, rapes and coats, kimonos and street clothes. Another doll or so also can bo sent. I ; ters were badly wrecked. Captain Ward, in reporting the engagement to the United States navy department. said: I was surprised nt tho i heroic persistency with which Capt, W. F. Lynch, formerly of our navy, who commanded at Aquia Creek during my several attacks, held his post, glass in hand, on tho ramparts, against all the urgency of his men to qu 11 a post made desperately hazardous by tho shot and shell falling thickly and exploding [ about him.'' \ fimm/oioNAL sunmtSoiool ' Lesson (By E. O. SELLERS, Director of Evening Department. Yho Moody Bible Institute of Chlcagq.) LESSON FOR MAY 25. JOSEPH AND BENJAMIN. LESSON TEXT-Oen. 43:18, 19, 23-34. GOLDEN TEXT?"Ho that loveth hie brother abldeth in the light." I John 2:10. Jacob's plaintive cry as uttered In verse six of this chapter touches the heart of any father,, but God is working out his plan unknown to Jacob. The brothers must have been impressed by Joseph's words that they should dare starvation, and their father's eriof nml nnt?ot- roftmi- n.o? ?? _ ? V..?u turn to Egypt without their brother Benjamin. Judah, who before had sought to deliver Joseph, now offers to become surety for Benjamin. Thus It was that Jacob was persuaded, but to make as good an impression as possible with this strange Egyptian ruler Jacob directed that in addition to the necessary funds a present also be prepared (43:11), and remembering the strange return of the money before, that this time a double portion be taken. Two words will serve to dlvido the lesson. Fear and Feasting. Sought His Brother. I. Fear, vv. 18-25. Ordinarily such an invitation to Joseph's house would be considered a great honor, but In this strange land and possessed by guilty conscience wo read, "And the men were afraid." They who so carelessly sold their brother into slavery are themselves fearful of becoming "bondmen." Joseph did seek an occasion against them but it was that he might secure} his brother Benjamin (the others were only half-brothers), to abide with him in Egypt. Notice how eagerly they explain the matter of the money in their sacks to the steward. The steward seeks to reassure them by telling them that, "your (lod, the Clod of your father hath given you treasure in your sacks." Indeed Clod had, but he gave them their blessing through another. Even so wo through grace are blessed by means of another who is our Joseph. Christ is constantly seeking to reassure our hearts. II. Feasting, vv. 26-34. In last week's lesson we beheld these brothers bowing before Joseph even as his dream had indicated (37:5-8) and now a second time they are on their fares before him. They had bragged that it should never bo so, "we Bhall see" (37:20) and indeed they are now seeing. That man who says to God "I will not" in the end is always compelled to do that very thing ho in his pride said ho would not do. Those who now mock our Joseph will in the end be compelled to do him obeisance, | Rom. 11:11; Phil. 2:10. It waB that Joseph might gain his brother Benjamin that he made all of these delays in revealing himself to his other brothers. As we have seen Benjamin was Joseph's only full brother 30:22 etc., and had had no part in the conspiracy against Joseph, hence Joseph's heart went out in great love for Benjamin, vv. 29-31. Joseph's tears were no sign of weakness but rather of strength, John 11:35; 2 Tim. 1:4. Such u manifestation of emotion ought never to bo suppressed. Bold Pretense. Joseph knew full well how to control his emotions (v. 31) till the prop: er time. Joseph (v. 27) Is fearful that bis father might have passed away yet his question does not reveal his identity. We wonder if there must not have been some suspicion in the minds of these Hebrews when their Egyptian host told the exact order of their respective ages, v. 33 (see also 44:12), and that perhaps Joseph might after all be alive. Doubtless their guilty consciences were again aroused I when they beheld their youngest brother Bingled out for such manifest partiality (v. 34). They, however, made a bold pretenso and "drank largely," R. V., making merry to cover | their confusion. If their drink caused intoxication wo do not know. Anyhow they are not held before us as an example in this particular, nor docs the biblical account demand that wo defend them in this matter. This was a strange feast. Tbe sight of Denjamin recalls to Joseph the memories of homo and mother and ' caused him to retire from the presence of his brothers lest he reveal himself through his tears. Return; ing he restrains his emotions while at the same time his brothers are laboring under the constraint of their ; fears. What differing emotions haunting memories recall. Joseph's memories fill him with love and tenderness while the brothers are filled with suspicion of tho entertainment they are , receiving. The golden text as applied to Joseph reveals the secret of the strength 1 of his character. To abide in the light is to be always true to Qod. It ; means to reveal ultimately the meanInp nf thft Hhrlrnoon All ? ? ? ...0 w ??w v*v?i ?UVD0. nil VI VU1D out morn clearly when Joseph at last fully reveals himself to his brothers. To walk in the light alone will enable us to keep the -golden rule for "Love is goodness In action." This is a tender lesson to relato to the young and ; for the older we might discuss such questions as Emotion and Religion. 1 What is it to walk In the light. The ln? i tf-Uecfc hrfd emotions.