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WORK OF FIENDS A Negro's Brutal Outrage on a White Womau in North Carolina. HE HELD HER FOR HOURS The Daughter of n Fanner Residing Near Hose Hill, N. C., Brutally Assaulted by a Hlack Fiend. *"Whom Search is llciin? IUH?re??#lv Made by Posses.. Late Wednesday afternoon a young lady, about twenty-one years of age, the daughter of Mr. J. W. Judge, a well-to-do farmer, residing about twelve miles from Rose Hill, in Duplin County, N. C.. was criminally assaulted by a negro and Is reported as being in a serious condition. Pos8cb searched all laBt night for the negro and Bcoured the surrounding country today. This afternoon a negro was arrested at Magnolia wno filled the description of the negro, but there was doubt about him being the man wanted. MIsb Judge had started from her home to visit her brother and while passing along the road, walking, was met by the negro, who compelled her to go into the woods near the roaa. This was about 3 o'clock in the afternoon and the young woman remained in the woods from that time until 8 o'clock last night, when she made her escape, there being a heavy rain most of the time and the weather very cold. Owing to the Inclement weather, the negro left Miss Judge for a few minutes in order to get some material to make a covering to protect them from the rain, and the young woman took advantage of the momentary absence of the brute to make her escape, although she had beet, told that she would be killed if she moved. When she reached home most of her clothing was torn from her body. When the news reached Wilmington and other places great indignation was expressed, and posses set out to hunt down the fiend. ANOTHER NEGRO FIENl). * A Young White Woman Assaulted Near Due West. An unknown negro attempted to assault a prominent woman, near her home, at Due WeHt late Wednesday I afternoon, and that town is crowded , jL with indignant persons who are niak- , ing a thorough search to catch tho , hrute. The ne^ro suddenly attacked the ; woman from behind, snatching her ( shawl from her shoulders and throw- ( ing it over her head. The woman 1 screamed and tho negro became frightened and fled. Some people , were in a nearby field and they were j attracted to the scene, but not belofe j the negro had disappeared. He tore the shawl and part of the garments of tho victim. j Because of the suddenness of the attack and because it came from behind her, the woman did not get a good look at the negro. She has furnished a meagre description, and the towns in the neighborhood have been notified to look out for the man. Tho assault was made near the creek about one-half mile from tho Associate Reformed Presbyterian church. SherlfT Lyon and his deputies are on the scene and great excitement prevails. SKVNN MKN PKItlSlf. A Fishing Tun <?oes to the llottom Near Cleveland. One fishing tug with a crew of seven is lost, and one other with a crew of three is missing as a result of the pale that swept down over the lakes Wednesday, and is still raging on L.ake Erie off Cleveland. The Silver Spray, of Frio, Pa., operated by the Hooth Fisheries Company, wont down ofT Cleveland harbor Wednesday night after battling with the heavy seas for twenty hours. The last seen of her was at 2 a. 111., Thursday, when Capt. Hansen, of the life saving station, sighted a vessel a few miles out, burning torches as ' signals of distress. Thursday morning the tug Hurkoye patrolling the breakwater, sighted what is believed to have been tne pilot house of the Sliver Spray afloat ! In the lake, off East Fortieth street. ' Two bodies, which Capt. Cornelius believes belong to members of the Silver Spray's crew of seven, were' lying on the breakwater. It was im-I possible for the tug to get near enough to take off the bodies. Killed by Collision. 4 At Gloucester, Mass., four deaths resulted from a collision hctv.eon the power fishing vessel Hope and the fishing schooner, linllie A. Heckman, In Gloucester harl>or Wednesday. The victims comprised the crew of the Hope. The power-boat sank almost Immediately. The other vessel sustained no damage. AIRSHIPS OP HISTORY. The first birdnuin of whom there is any definite record was Simon Magus, who, according to Antonius Byerlink, flew high in the air over Rome during the reigr of Nero from 54 to 68 A. I). The account of the adventure is very ">rlef, but not more so than was .his pioneer's carr?f?r jia nn niMut or fnr It la r/jonrrl that his evil ge' ius became displeased with him v .ten he was aloft and suffered him o fall and dash out his life. The f" ^ of this first martyr of the air oms to have discouraged ex.vitnentcrs for many centuries, for we must turn over a thousand years of history before putting our finger on the next birdman to be definitely mentioned. This was Elmerus, a Thirteenth century monk. Taking the flying squirrel for his model lu. gave successful exhibitions from a tower, soaring sometimes above a furlong through space. The first birdman to flay a considerable distance appears to have been John Rabtiste Dante, a Ffteenth century mathematician, who lived in Perugia. He framed a pair of ingenius wings with which, it is narrated, he amused his fellow Perugians. One of the most successful flights was over Lake Trasimenc, that body of wated with no outlet, on whose northern shore Hannibal annihilated the Romans. Rut the aerial career of Dante or Perugia was cut short one day when "he fell on the top of St. Mary's Church and broke his thigh." That the great Leonardo da Vin] ci (1452-1519) was a birdman as well as a painter, sculptor, musician, ' architect, engineer and meehanici\ an, is stated by some authorities. While making the careful observations on which he based his "Treat. Ise on the Light of Birds" he so thoroughly fathomed the secrets of flying as to be able to build a pair I of mechanical w ings with which, according to Cuperus* "Excellence of ' Man," he practiced flying success' fully. Soon afterward came an "artificial eagle." which .lohann Mutter hinh?-??? | of Ratlsbon and a noted German mathematician and astronomer, | built at Nuremberg during the generation just proceeded Columbus' disJ eovery of America. This aerodome is reputed to have flown out to meet the Emperor Charles V. and to have accompanied him back to town. In 1510 an aviation exhibition was arranged for the amusement of James IV. of Scotland and his court, the Tongland. After the court had all assembled the prior mounted one of the lofty battlements of Stirling castle and donned an elaborate arrangement of wings and feathers. Then he leaped forth and fell ingloriously onto the dunghill. A daring flight from the Steeple of St. Mark's cathedral, Venice, is mentioned by the Lord Hishop but history does not perpetuate the name of the aviator who performed the feat. The same authority mentions another unnamed man who made a flight at Nuremberg, the same city from which Hishop Muller's artillcial eagle went out to meen the emporer. j One of the most noted birdmen of this time was Allard, a tightrope performer who apj>eared in France ' about lfifirt. Wearing wings he I made a number of flights from various heights. Hut while |>orforming before Louis XIV. he got a bad fall, 1 and seems to have thereupon quit the flying business. The most successful birdman of ' v* * mem* iiiutftt apprars io nilvo been on<* llosnier. a locksmith, who succeeded in flying at Sable, France, a few years after A Hard's 4ierial career had ended so painfully in the presence ; of the great Louis. I According to the Journal des Savants of Sept. 12. lfiTS. Besnler flew with wings consisting of four rectangular surfaces, one at the end of each of two rods passing over his shoulders. With these he would raise himself from one height *o anothir until he reached the top of a house, from the roof of which he would pass over the neighborhood houses. Finally working himself up to a great height he would make a downward swoop and cross a river of considerable breadth. Successful flights were made at the same time by one Baldwin, of Guibre, who built Hesnier's first pair of wings. He and his disciple were blrdmen indeed. They flew only by their God-given means of locomotion. Tho monoplane is first met with in a picture from Faustus Verontius, 1 G0.r?. showing a flying man supported by a rectangular fabric stretched upon a frame front whose four corners depend ropes passing under his arms. During these latter years of the Seventeenth century Francis Luna, a Spanish Jesuit, designed an airship. which w .is to consist of a boatshaped body from which rose a m.i?t and s:ill surrounded by four globes of very thin copper, each containing! a vacuum. Needless to add this contrivance never worked. A generation later <17.".f>i a Portuceso ncmed He r.usman is said to have "made a wicker basket of about seven or ? ight feet in diameter cov- < ered with paper, which basket elevated itself as high as the Tower of 1 I-isbon." This "basket" is believed I by some authorities to have been a wicker frame supporting a paper vessel tilled with heated air. If so. the < apparatus probably was the first bal- s loon. However this may have been, t the introduction of tbo balloon in i COCA-COLA CASE DR. KEBLER GIVES EVIDENCE ] AGAINST THE DRINK. Serious "Witness in Government Suit ? Makes Charges Against Beveridge and Its Manufacture. In the heariag of the case of the United States against a certain num- ( her of barrels and kegs of coca-cola , in the federal court at Chattanooga, j Tenn., Wednesday, some of the most j interesting testimony yet brought out , was given by Dr. Lyman F. Kebler, , chief of the drug department of the , bureau of chemistry, Washington, D. C. , Dr. Kebler is the chemist who ( made a test of coca-cola and he testified that coca-cola contains caffeine, declaring that to each eight ounce , glass there were one and one-fourth j grains of cafTeine, which he says is , poison. j Dr. Kebler cited many authorities , in proof of his statement that caf- , feine is a poison and cited a number of deaths reported as being caused by , its use. One of these writers had , reported a case where four and one- j half grains of the drug had produced | death and he declaredd that about three glasses of coca-cola contained ( this amount of caffeine. Dr. Kebler , testified as to the finding of vermin { and bugs in the vats as the result of , his inspection of the coca-cola plant ( in Atlanta. , He also testified that caramel and , brown sugar were added because of their opaqueness tended to conceal s impurities in the coca-cola syrup. ( Dr. Rushy, for the government, testified along the line of the name j of the drink coca-cola and stated that , no other product boro the name ot | either "coca" or "kola." t Government chemists stated that j coca-cola contained neither coca nor , Unt?> < ? ? " *? * - * * v. me oiuii ui me government , will be to prove that the drink Is mishrandcd. f f Feeding the Chirks. { The chicks need no feed for the , first two days after they are hatched. t It is better to leave them in the nest , with the hen the first day and move t to the coop when one day old. A llglu feed may be given the evening of the second day. and the next day give three feeds and increase one feed a day till they are fed five times per day. If the chicks can not get on the ^ ground where they can get sharp v sand, they should be given a little with the first feed. Oat tlakeB or pin-head oatmeal makes a very good fed for the first day or two. Some y prefer to give bread or cracker crumbs wet with milk and squeezed as dry as possible. Either of these feeds will be all right, but do not ^ give too much of either. Feed a little at a time and often; never try () to coax the chicks to eat. If they are not hungry when feeding times conies they have had too much at the last j feed and it is better to let them go without till they are hungry again. After the first couple of days finely cracked grains should be added to j the ration. This can be bought ready f mixed for chick feeding, in most towns. When 1 make my own mix- j ture, I use one part of corn, one part n'lia on.l A - ? * nuu iwu pans wnPill. The corn must bo quite finely ( cracked and the wheat should also he cracked. For the first two weeks r 1 use oatmeal and then hulled oats. Corn bread can he used to Rood advantage for two or the five feed3. j I make it out of equal parts of corn ?] meal and wheat middlings, mixing j either with milk or water. Cook thoroughly and do not feed till cold, r If you have Infertile eggs, boil them t hard and feed with the bread, using four parts of bread to one part of egg. Do not give more than two ,1 feeds of this per day, making the first and last of the grain. This can he continued till the , chicks are from four to six weeks old. From that time the purpose for which j you want the chicks will determine how you should feed them. If they are for breeding stock, gradually substitute a dry mash for the bread, and the grain may he changed to ( larger size as soon as the chicks can ( eat it. If for market as frying-si/.e chickens, more fattening feed should he given and they should he given all they will eat and should not have too large a range.?J. S. Jeffrey, in Raleigh (N*. C.) Progressive Farmer. * this same century caused experimenters generally to abandon the man- 1 (light problem for more than ?>0 t years, or until Dr. Miller and one d llensen. both Englishmen, resumed 1 experiments. 1 It was early in the last 40'g that ' England excitedly awaited Henson s t "aerial steam carriage," whose great t bat-like wings were to be waved by \ a steam engine of extreme lightness. <1 An inclined plane was devised lor the ' launching ge.tr. but was never need- ? ed. And meanwhile Dr. Miller was d at work on his "aerostat, ' with T which he made futile efforts to re- h discover the lost art of the ancient birdnten, the lost art of really flying B ivith wings waved by human muscles .lie lost art that still remains lost. " The time for shooting doves is y >ut, and it is no longer lawful to fl ihoot these birds. It is sAtd that 0 loves are much scarcer than they C vere some years back. f< WRECK NEAR AIKEN FREIGHT TRAIN RAN INTO BY A PASSENGER TRAIN. The Firemnn on the Freight Train Has His Skull Fractured and is ExiKM-ted to Die. A special to The News and Courier from Aiken says several persons were inji red. one seriously. In a icad-on collision on the Southern Road, about I 1 o'clock Thursday light, the scene of the wreck being ibout a mile below the passenger delot at Aiken. The injured were given attention >y local physicians and later taken 0 a hospital in Augusta. It seems that passenger Train No. 17, from Charleston to Augusta, was ibout two hours late, and after leavng Aiken was running, as the englleer expressed it, "pretty fast," when t ran into an extra freight, which was coming around a curve without 1 headlight. The freight was running at about x five-mile rate of speed. The engileer of the passenger did not see the 'reight until the headlight of his own ocomotlve revealed the situation. He Immediately applied the emergency brakes and yelled to his fireman to jump, intending to do the tame himself. However, before either coulu jump the crash came. It ieveloped that the freight engineer was stooping down in his cab and did lot see the approaching passenger. The fireman on the freight had Ills ikull fractured and the engineer was onsiderably bruised about the head. On the passenger, the engineer, irenian, ticket collector, and Pullnan conductor suffered various >ruises. as did also six of the passengers. all men. The only serious njury, so far as could be learned, was to the fireman on the freight, vho may die. llofll j ... .vwuiuuica nri C 1111(11.V II Hilllged, one being partly derailed and several of the passenger coaches were ronsiderably torn up. The injured vere placed in a baggage car and aken to Augusta, an engine. In the 1 neanwhile, having been sent from hat city. 1 Hl'MOKOUS. "I ish I had the toothache." "Why such a wish?" "Well, I've got a lot of other trou- 1 ilea that I'd like to forget for a 1 vhile." 1 Now Helen pink, the papers say, Is Washington's new hue; Veil, if the shade has come to stay, ' That must make Alice blue! Alice?That girl is pretty, but she 1 lasn't any brains. ! Lorraine?If she's pretty she ' loesn't ncd any brains. Miss Elderly What would you do ' f 1 should tell you my age? ' lie?Double it. I "I have a remarkable history," >egan the lady who looked like a >ossible client. "To tell or sell?" inquired the awyer caoutiously." First Tramp?What do yer t'lnk 1 >f dis "mire beer" Second Tramp?1 wish dey'd jest nake me one of de inspectors. Farmer?Here's a letter from city 'oiks answerin' our ad, Mlranay. 1 They want ter know if there's a bath n the house. What'll I tell 'em? His Wife?Tell 'em the truth. Tell 'em if they need a bath they'd tetter take it afore they come. The Collector?Are you Lawyer dlggS? The Lawyer?Yes. The CJollector?Want to know when you will pay this bill? The Lawyer?Never? Two dollars or the advice, please. i Barjon?1 understand your wife lever does things by halves, Egbert?That's about right. She 'ither leaves the door wide open or lse she slams it. HOTEL M.A.N A SUICIDE. A'ounds Friend, Misses Another, Then Shoots Himself. Henry P. Powell, proprietor of the i ^owell House at Sanford, N. C., com- i nitted suicide in the crowded union ; lepot at Raleigh Thursday afternoon i >y shooting himself, after, firing wild- < v I ?/,? <.! t ..? - * ?.i? iii nmeign as a mom- j >or of a delegation asking for bet- j or railroad service and was talking t o two friends, n. B. Mclver and C. i V. Smith, of Sanford, when he sud- i lenly stepped back, pulled two pis- t oJs and began shooting. One bullet r truck Smith In the arm and shoul- f ,er, and the other missed Mclver. \ owell then turned the pistol to his f ead and killed himself. Powell was 0 years old. Temporary insanity is n iven as the cause for the deed. ? , Fireman Was Killed. At Milwaukee the M. Hilty lumber t ard was practically wiped out by s re Thursday. The loss is $200,- u 00, partly Insuraoed. Fireman Fred t lark was overcome by the cold and[i ?11 from a ladder and was killed. * ( 1 ICY DEATH FOR FIFTY. Many Drownings in New England During Past Winter. Half a hundred persons, a majority of them children under twelve years of age, went through thin Ice to their death in New England and the maritime provinces of Canada during the winter Just closing. There were several double drownings. Many instances of heroic attempts at rescue were recorded, some of which resulted fatally to the would-be rescuers. Josephine Pizroski, thirteen years old, looking from a window of her home while changing her wet stockings, saw three other little girls faF i H r/M? 1? *- /Nt c.unisii me iue in me unicopee river. In her bare feet the child scampered over the snow and, plungins into the water, rescued two of the children. Her collie dog sought o save the third, but she struggled so hard that the dog was forced to leave her to die. CJet Fnough Horse-Power. I was once talking with a State Commissioner of Agriculture, and remarked that when I was farming on a large scale I used ten mules. He said, "That is too many. A fourhorse farm is all that one man should have," and his Idea of a four-horse farm, was a tract of land on which, where I now live no one would think of using less than eight horses. On such a farm as this man indicated, every one of the four horses woala he hitched to a plow to plow the land for the crop, and every plow would take a mnn. and the plowing vould be about three inches deep, whll. the eight horses would take no mor men, but the team would plow at least six inches deep, and the same four men would cultivate a far larger area with two-horse riding cultivators. We need to get away from the old idea of estimating a farm by horses, and should use all the horses we can make profitable.?W. F. Massoy. in Raleigh (N. C.) Progressive Farmer. What Constitutes Soil Fertility. What is soil fertility? What does the term mean to you? What is your standard of measurement? What are the conditions or factors which rontrol or constitute soil fertility? It appears that, to some, the quantity of the so-called plant foods, nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid, which are applied to or contained in the land, is the most important factor in measuring the fertility of productive power of a soil. To others the proper amount of humus, or decaying organic matter in a soil, is tho measure of its fertility, or at least, is ine nrst essential of soil fertility. 1 Still others believe that tillage determines more largely than any oth- 1 cr factor the productive capacity of soils. And still others, even certain s scientists and Investigators, have j lalmed that soil fertility is almost or r entirely a question of a proper supply f of moisture in the soil. Independent s of its chemical composition, except as c this chemical composition affects its c power to furnish a proper water sup- i?iy. t That all soils contain sufficient f plant foods for the production of t large crops, or that the supply of t water is the sole measure of soil ^ fertility, will he accepted by few; j but if any one factor could be singled ? out as the most important in deter- i mining the fertility of any soil, it { would certainly be the one of a prop- j er supply of water. The lesson which \ must first be learned is, that soil fer- i tllity is dependent upon many differ- i ent factors, and that if we neglect t any one of the factors, or If we great- t ly exaggerate another, we shall most | likely fall short of that full grasp ot l the subject necessary to the best soil ; management. I If we admit that good tillage, suf- i ficient plant foods, organic decay and t bacterial life and a properly regu- f lated supply of moisture are all es- j sential to large crop production, or 1 maximum soil fertility, it is not quite i proper or accurate to state that any ( one of these is, in the true sense, t the most important; hut since all oth- ; ers of those are more or less depend- ( ent upon one, water, it may be placed < first in consideration. f Most soils contain much more plant t foods than would )>e required to pro- 1 mure scores or maximum crops; but f these are useless for crop production until dissolved In the soil water, c Drganic matter decays through bac- t terial activities, which break down n ind render soluble plant foods in the a soil; but an equally important func- n ion of decaying organic matter in s lie soil is Its value in preserving d i proper water supply. If. thou, suf- r licient plant foods in soil, decaying v >rganic matter and proper water sup- v dy are three most important factors v n soil fertility, it is entirely proner I< o place the water supply as first in I mportanco. Organic matter would r >e placed second because Its decay ii ends to render the plant foods al- o < ady in the soil available ?o crops v md to regulate the water supply in " vhich the plant foods are dissolved <' tnd carried to the growing plants. < These, then, are our problems: ( 1 ) I'o control the water supply by druinIL'C and t lw> IntmilnAiU" ?.. ~ * nun 111 UIKilllli' natter, and (2) to furnish soluble r dant foods by introducing organic " natter which in its decay will supply h iiibRtances to dissolve the plant foods t ilready in the soil, and by the addi- ' ion of other supplies of plant foods ?1 n commercial fertilizers.?Raleigh 1' N. C.) Progressive Farmer. e TRIED TO TRADE A Manslayer's Brother Offered Votes to Get Him a Fall Pardoa OFFER WAS REJECTED I. W. (iallmnn, Who Was Sentenced to Fifteen Years Imprisonment for Killing a Man, Since Paroled by Gov. Itlease, Tried to Purchase a Promise of Pardon. The ? ite says last August or Sepeinber, after the first State primary iml before the second, a man who tupported Mr. Featherstone for gov rnor told a member of the staff of The State that a man named Gallnan had come to Columbia that day >earing a letter of introduction from i resident of Union. Mr. Featherstone was not in Coumbia and Gallman called to see jne of the men active in his campaign, presenting the letter to him. The letter said, among other things, hat Gallman, the bearer, had a brother in the penitentiary and that the bearer of the letter had largo political influence in Union, Spartanburg and Greenville counties. The bearer of the letter desired to know if Mr. Featherstono could bo depended upon to pardon his brother In case of his election, provided tlio Influence of the bearer were exerted for Mr. Featherstone's election. Mr. Featherstone's friend promptly told the hearer of the letter that no pledges or promises would bo made. The Union man thereupon begged that the matter be taken under consideration, and left, showing eome inxiety to catch a train. Of course the matter ended there, 10 far as Mr. Featherstone and his riends were concerned. Tho man vho told Tho State man about the risit remarked at the time that in iny event he expectec. o keep an eye >n ilBVolonmonlo ... , .... inks vjuiiiniiu case. Yesterday the announcement was published that the governor had paoled James W. Gallman, a prisoner n the State penitentiary, convicted n 1907 of manslaughter and serving l sentence of 15 years, during good pehavior. James W. Gallman was convicted n Union county in 1907 for killing time Gllmore at Jonesvllle, in Union :ounty. Ho was sentenced to 15 'ears in the State penientlary. The parole was announced by Gov. Hlease Townsend of Union. Hie Heavy I*rieo of Forestry Neglect. Another thing that has burned iticlf into my memory is the heavy >enalty China is now paying for the eckless destruction of her forests in ormer years. On this trip I have een river valley after river valley, >nce rich and productive, hut now be:ome an abomination of desolations ?covered over with unnumbered ons of sand and stone brought down rom the treeless mountain-sides. bVhile the peaks were forest-clad, hey held the rain-water like sponges, living it out slowly from the docayng leaves, humus, and well-soaked oil. Now. however, the mountains iro in thousands of cases merely Miormous rock-piles, the soil, completely washed away, having laid vaste the country below; while other nountains show the destruction still icing on, rent as they are by gorges hrough which furious torrents rush lown, submerging once fruitful plains with rock and unfertile gul rj-iuri. usually mo cninese farmer irourwl here has nothing to do with ilddling little "patchea" such as tho legroos have made disgracefully oranion In the South; he prefers to ultlvate In broad fields where tho ilowman will not have to waste half lis time in turning round at the end >f garden-length furrows. In tho levastated valleys, however. I find hat John Chinaman is often forced, igainst his will, into this sort of latch-farming simply because it is >nly here and there that fertile itreaks have been left unruined. In hese cases he has piled the rocks in ittie heaps and saved some remnauts rom the general soiMvreek. Saturday I rode over the bed of a >nce-deep river. Now it is almost >nt irely filled up with sand and rock ind of the once splendid arches of in old stone bridge. 1 found only i few feet of the upper part not yet ubmorged in sand. Once the cleai, loep. steadily flowing water ran hero nonth after month, and all around irere well-tended lowlands; now vhen a rain comes a mad fury of inters sweeps over the lowlands, caving a ruinous deposit behind, mut liter there are long weeks when tho iver he?! is dry and desert-like. So ! was when I saw it yesterday, the Id bridge itself standing amid tho ,-aste a melancholy monument to tho ladness and fertility of a vanished ra. Clarence I'oe, in Raleigh (X. '.) Progressive Farmer. One thing is certain, and this is hat the Southern farmers must as apidly substitute horse-power aim taehinery for so much human laer. There are plenty of laborers if heir labor was made more effective (trough the use of machinery as is one In the West. W. K. Massey, in taleigh (N. C.) Progressive Farmr.