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THE FORT MILL TIMES ^ . ? . , - 4 J - VOL. XVfl. FORT MILL, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1908. NO. 36. , ? It I1SIBEN ?: ?Mr, Roosevelt Make! Concerning IMeet THE NATION PROSPEROUS I 1 S Becomm'udallons Covering a YTidc t F-ange of Subjects?Finances, Com- c binaliona, Transportation,. Natural ' F.csourcta and Other Interesting { Topics Brought to tha Attention of t Cur Luumakiag E0C7.' t i The ncsragc of President Hrosevelt j to the second session of the Sixtieth | Cop gross tfrs rend in both houses. - and M-ns in substance* as follows: j To the Senate anil House of Reprcs- ^ cutativcs: t riaanccs. , The financial standing of the notion t at the present time is excellent, and c the financial management of the na- i t ton's interests by tho Government t during the last seven years has shown s the most satisfactory results. But c our currency system is imperfect, and i it is earnestly to he hoped that the e Currency Commission will be able to t propose- a thoroughly pood system r which will do tiway with the existing c defects. r During the period .from July 1, i 1901, to September 30, 1908, there f was an increase in the amount of k money in circulation of $902,991,399. c The inertase in the per capita during i this period was $7.00. Within this a time there were several occasions c when it was necessary for the Treas- r ury Department to come to the relief , t of the money market by purchases of li redemptions of United States bonds; s by increasing deposits in national a banks; by stimulating additional is- c sties of national bank notes, and bv e facilititating importations from I abroad of gold. Our imperfect cur- j rency system has made these proceed- a ings necpssary, and they were ctfee- f tivo until the monetary disturbance p in the fall of 1907 immensely incrcas- h ed the difficulty of ordinary methods d of relief. By the middle of Novem- t ber the nvniliihlo i?ni~-~- - ' .. vt iviii^ um.uiuc 111 r (ho Treasury had been reduced to np- 1, fnoximately $">,000,000. Clearing: e iouso nsmcrations throughout the country had been obliged to resort to e the expedient of issuing clearing b house certificates, to be used as I money. In this emergency it was determined to invite subscriptions for $.">0,000,000 Panama Cann* bonds, and \; $100,000,000 3 per cent certificates of v indebtedness authorized by the act of y Juno 13, 1903. It was" proposed to re* c deposit in the national banks the pro- p reeds of these issues, and to permit n their vise as a basis for additional cir- n culating notes of national banks. The u moral effect of this procedure was so p p great that it was necessary to Issue a only ^$24,631,030 of the Panama Canal J tflbonds end $15,430,500 of the oertifi- t cotes of indebtedness. g During tho seven years and three o months there has been a net surplus t % of'nearly one hundred millions of re- r ceipts over expenditures, a.reduction f of the interest-bearing debt by ninety n millions, in spite of the extraordinary c expense of the Panama Canal, and a v saving of ncaily nine millions on the e annual interest charge. This is an n exceedingly satisfactory showing, es- h pecinlly in view of tho fact that dur- b ing this period the Nation has never u hesitated to undertake any expendi- li tnrc that it regarded as necessary. w There have been no new taxes and no s increase of tnxes; on the contrary ti some taxes have been taken off; there a hpg been a reduction of taxation. v Corporations. ? As regards the great corporations d engaged in Interstate business, and " AanaAiAlIn *! - ?Sk 3 * mi) tHiivoaca. i onu only P repeat what I havo already again and ? ctffl'u said in my mesargo to tho Cpu- ti prpM. I believe that under the inter-? v Atato clause cf the Constitution tho u United States has complete and para* ? ptcunt tight to control all agencies ot ? intercalate rrtnmerro ,and I believe b that the Nat'onal Government nlone v can exercise this right with wisdom e and effectiveness so as both to secure ii justice from, and to do justice to, the r great corporations which are the most ii important factors in modern business. t( I believe that it is worst than folly u to attompt to prohibit all eombina- b tiens as is done by the Sherman anti- o trust law, because such a law ran be b enforced only imperfectly and un- fi equally, and its enforcement works a almost as much hardship as good. I si strongly advocate that instead of an t< unwise effort to prohibit all eombina- a tions, there shall he substituted a law si which shall expressly permit eombina- 11 tions which are in the interest of the t< public, hut shall at the same time if Five to feme agency of the National tl novermnrnt full power of control and tl supervision over thorn. One of the ii chief features of this control should b be securing entire publicity in all ti matters which the public has a right r< to know, and furthermore, the power, tl not by judicial but by executive It aetion, to prevent or put a stop to vc every form of improper favoritism or ei other wrongdoing. b Tk? railways of tho country should V bo put completely under the Inter- ci state Commerce Commission and re- si roovgd from the domain of tho anti- u lew. The power of the Commis- b 4bn should bo made throughgoing, so p lUr.t it coniJU exercise complete super- fl I WPP and control over the issuo of|n rs issuer > Recommendations Jed Legislation securities ns well as over the raising ind lowering of rates. As regards ates, at least, this power should bo summary. The power to investigate lie financial operations and accounts >f the railways has been one of the cost valuablo fpntnreo in rnnoBt ** ivvvui. aticn. Power to make combinations ind traffic agreements should be explicitly conferred upon the railroads, he permission of the Commission belt? first gained and the combination >r agreement being published in all ts details. In the interest of the pubic the representatives of the public should have complete power to see hnt the railroads do their duty by lie public, and as a matter of course his power should also be exercised so is to see that no injustice is done to he railroads. The share-holders, the mployees and the shippers all have nterests that must be guarded. It is o the interest of all of them that no windling stock speculation should be illowed, and that there should be no mproper issuance of securities. The raiding intelligences necessary for he successful building and successful nanagemcnt of railroads should reeive ample remuneration; but no nan should be allowed to make money n connection with railroads out of raudulent over-capitalizations and rindrcd stock-gambling performnncs; there must be no defrauding of nvestors, oppression of the farmers nd business men who ship freight, or allous disregard of the rights and lecds of the employees. In addition o this the interests of the shareloldors, of the employees, and of the hippers should all he guarded as igainst one another. To give any one if them undue and improper considration is to do injustice to the others, tates must be made as low as is com tatible with giving proper returns to 11 the employees of the railroad, iom the highest to the lowest, nnd roper returns to the shareholders; ut they must not, for instance, be reluced in sucli fashion as to necessiate a cut in the wages of the employes or the abolition of the proper and egitimate protits of honest sharehold. rs. Telegraph and telephone companies ngaged in interstate business should ie put under the jurisdiction of the nterstate Commerce Commission. Labor. There are many matters affecting abor and the status of tho wagerorker to which I should like to draw our attention, but an exhaustive disussion of the problem in all its aspects is not now necessary. This adninistration is peering its end; and, norcover, under our form of govern, aent tho splutipu of the problem de.endg upon the action cf the States n much as upon the action of tho Nation. Nevertheless, thcro are reraiu considerations which I wish to ct before you, booause I hope that ur people will more and more keep hcrt in mind. A blind and ignorant csistance to every' effort for tho reorm of abuses and for the readjustacnt of society to modern industrial onditions represents not true conser uusm nui an incitement to the wildst radicalism; for wine radicalism nd wise conservatism go hand in and, one bent on progress, the other cnt on seeing that no change is made nlcss in the right direction. I beeve in a steady effort, or perhaps it rould bo more accurate to say in teady efforts in many different direcr ions, to bring about u condition of ffairs under which the men who work dth hand or brain, the laborers, the uperintendents, the men wlip prouoe for tho murket and the men hp flnd a markot toy the articles reduced, shall own a far greater hare then at present of tho wealth hey produce, and be enabled to inest it in the tools and instruments by 'hiuh all work it carried on. As far a possible I hope to too a frank vcegnition of the advantages cpnfayrcd y machincrv, organisation, and dU ision of labor, accompanied by an 11 ffort to bring about a larger sharo [ i the ownership by wage-workers of 1 nilwny, mill, and factory. In farmig, this timply means that we wish i d see the farmer own his own lnnd; i re do not wish to see the farms so < irge that they become the property 1 f absentee landlords who farm them y tenants, nor vet so small that the armer becomes like a European peas- 1 nt. Again, the depositors in our < aving banks now number over one- 1 ;nth of our entire population. Thesn i re nil capitalists, who through the livings hanks loan their money to < tie workers?that is, in many eases I > themselves?to carry on their var>us industries. The more wo increase ticir number, the more we introduce ie principles of cooperation into our i ldustry. Every increase in the nunipr of small stockholders in corpora-, ons is a good thing, for the same '< masons; and where the employees arc le stockholders the result is particu- 1 irly good. Very much of this move- 1 lent must he outside of anvthir.g that in be accomplished by legislation; ut legislation can do a good deal. 1 ostal savings honks will make it 1 any for the poorest to keep their ivings in absolute safety. Tho reflation of the national highways must ' o such that they shall servo all poo- ' le with equal justice. Corporate nances must be supervised so as to ' ioke it far safer than at present for ' the man of small means to invest liis money in stocks. There must be prohibition of child labor, diminution of woman labor, shortening of hours of all mechanical labor; stock watering should be prohibited, and stock gambling so far as is possible discouraged. There should bo a progressive inheritance tax on large fortunes. Industrial education should be encouraged. As far as possible wo should lighten the burden of toxotion on the small man. We should put a premium upon thrift, hard work, and business energy; but these qualities cease to bo the maiu factors in accumulating a fortune long before that fortune reaches a point where it would be seriously affected by any inheritance tax such as I propose. It is eminently right that the Nation should fix the terms upon which the great fortunes are inherited. They rarely do good and they often do haim to those who inherit them in their entirety. The above is the merest sketch, hardly even a sketch in outline, of the reforms for which we should work. Hut there is one matter with which the Congress should deal at this session. Tlicie should no longer be anv paltering with the question of taking care of the wage-workers who, under our present industrial system, become killed, crippled, or worn out as part of the regular incidents of a given business. The majority of wageworkers must have their rights se cured for them by State action; but the National Government should log-1 islate in thoroughgoing and far-reaching fashion not only for all employees of the National Government, but for all persons engaged in interest ate commerce. The object sought for cuold he achieved to a measurable degree. as far as those killed or crippled are concerned, bv proper employers' liability laws. As far as concerns those who have been worn out. 1 call your attention to the fact that definite steps toward provding old-age pensions have been taken in many of our private industries. These may be indefinitely extended through voluntary association and contributory schemes, or through the agency of savings banks, as under the recent Massachusetts plan. To strengthen these practical measures should be our immediate duty; it is not at present necessary to consider I ho larger and more general governmental schemes that most European governments have found themselves obliged to adopt. \ 1 renew my recommendation made in a previous message that half-holidays be granted during summer to all wage-workers in Government employ. 1 also renew my recommendation that the principle of the eight-hour day should as rapidly and as far as practicable be extended to the entire work being carried oi; by the Government ; the present law should he amended to embrace contracts on those public works which the present wording of the act seems tc exclude. The Courts. I most earnestly urge upon the Congress the duty of increasing the totally inadequate salaries now given to our Judges. On tho whole there is no body of public servants who do as valuable woik, nor whose moneyed t'Cr ward is so inadequate compared to their work. Beginning with the Supreme Court the Judges should have their salaries doubhd. It is not befitting the dignity of the Nation that its most honored public servants should be paid sums so smull compared to what they would earn in private life that the performance of public service by them implies an exceedingly heavy pecuniary sacrifice. It is earnestly to he desired that some method should he devised for doing away with the long delays which now obtain in the administration of justice, and which operate with peculiar severity against persons of small means, and favor only the very criminals whom it is most desirable to punish. These long delays in the final decisions of oases make in the aggregate n owing evil; and a remedy should be devised. Much of this intolerable delay is due to improper regard paid to technicalities which are a mere hindrance to justice. In some noted recent cases this overregard for technicalities has resulted in a striking denial of justice, and flagrant wrong to the body politic, forests, If there ia any one dutv which move than another we owe it to our children nnd our children's children to perfoim at onee, it is to nave the forests of this country, for they constitute the first and most important clement in the conservation of the natural resources of our country. There are of ourse two kinds of natural resources. One is the kind which can onlv be used as pnrt of a process of exhaustion; this is true of mines, natural nil and pas wells, and the like. The i).her. and of course ultimately by far I he most important, includes the re-ourees which can he improved in the process of wise use; the soil, the rivers, and the forests come under this head. Any really civilized nation wilt so use all of these three great I'.atiio al assets that the nation will have their benefit in the future. Just r.s a farmer, after all his life making !m living from his faim. will, if he is an expert farmer, leave it on asset of increased value to his son, so we should leave our national domain to our children, inereasd in value and not worn out. There are small sections of our own country, in the East and in the West, in the Adirondacks, the White Mountains, and the Appalachians, and In the Hockv Mountain's, where we can already see for ourselves the dcuunpo in the shape of permanent injury to the soil and the river systems which comes from reckless deforestation. It matters not whether this deforestation is due to the actual cutting of timber, to the fires, (hat inevitably follow such reek- li j less cutting of timber, or to reckless c nnj uncontrolled grazing, especially p by the great migratory bands of ii sheep, the unchecked wanderings of t which over tho country means de- r struction of forests and disaster to p the small home makers, the settlers s of limited means. a Inland Waterways. o Action should bo begun forthwith, ( during the present session of the d Congress, for the improvement of -inr ? inland waterways?action which will a result in giving us no: only navigable but navigated rivers. We have spent hundreds of millions of dollar e upon these waterways, vet the traffic v on nearly all of them is sftadilv de- t! clining. This condition is the diiect il result of the absence of any comnrc- b hensive and far-seeing plan of water- r way improvement. Obvious!v we can ii not continue thus to expend the rev- r cnuca ol tiic Uovernment without re-| S turn. It it* poor business to spend 1< money for inland navigation unless h we get it. v Denatured. Alcohol. \t 1 had occasion in mv message of May 4. 1906, to urge the passage of p sotne law putting alcohol, used in the h arts, industries, and manufactures, C upon the free list; that is, to provide s for the withdrawal free of tax of t alcohol which is to bo denatured for t these purposes. The lair of Jur.c 7, c 1906. and its amendment of March 2. c 1907, accomplished what was desired a in that respect, and the use of de- t nnturcd alcohol, as intended, is mnk- t ing a fair degree of progress and is p entitled to further eucouragemcnt and ti support from the Congress. v Pure Food. a The pure food legislation has al- q ready worked a benefit difficult to e overestimate. il Indian Affairs. ii It has boon my purpose from the t beginning of my administration to c take the Indian Service .w.mpletcly a out of the atmosphere cf political activity, and there has been steady progress toward that end. The last t remaining stronghold of politics in t that service was the agency system, P which had seen its best days and was ti gradually fell'ng to pieces from nat- f viral or purely evolutionary causes, v but, like all such survivals, was de- r caving slowly in its later stages. It r seems clear that its extincition had a better be made final now, so that the p ground can be cleared for larger con- f structivc work on behalf of the I.i- I dians, preparatory to their induction f into the full measures of responsible p citizenship. On November 1 only n eighteen agencies were left on the \\ roster, with two exceptions, where t! some legal questions seemed to stand I temporarily in the wnv. tViece j In en changed to supcrintendencies. e find their heads brought into the n I classified civil service. I Secret Service. 1 The law enacted by the last session i of Congress to provide that there n I should be no detail from the Secret b Service and no transference there- p from seems to have been onlv in p | I he interest of the criminal classes," is both large and small, and as a mat- n tcr of common interest should be re- c pealed and the old system re-cnact- p ed. ci Corporations are neccs3arv instru- si monts of modeTft business. They have i! been permitted to become a menace n largely because the govermental representatives of the people have worked slowly in providing adequate eon- si trol over them. S Control over the great corporations p doing interstate business can be ef- p fective only when such control is rr vested in the executive department ' of the government. T Postal Savings Banks as I again renew my recommendation d.i for postal savings banks, for depositing savings with the security of the fiovernment behind them. The object gi is to encourage thrift and economv lc in the wage-earner and person of w moderate means. In fourteen Htates r.i 'the deposits in savings hanks as re- A ported to tho Comptroller of the Currency amount to $3,590,245,402, or m 98.4 per cent p? the entire deppsits. l't while in the remaining 32 States there w aro only $70,308,543, or 1.0 per cent L showing conclusively that there arc ?? many localities in the United States bi whore sufficient opportunity is not ?t given to the people to deposit their a; savings. The result is that mor.ey is ir kept in hiding nnd unemployed. It f( is believed that in the aggregate vast dl sums of money would be brought in- in to circulation through the instrumen- ti tality of tho postal Ravings banks, it While there are only 1,453 savings ui banks reporting to the Comptroller In there are more than 61,000 post-ofllces 40.000 of which are money order offices. Postal savings hanks aro now te in operation in practically all the If great civilized countries with the ex- fts eeption of the United States. T Parcel Post. fi In my last annual message I com- th mended the Postmaster-General's recommendation for an extension of the parcel post on (lie rural routes. The ta establishment of a local parcel post b( on rural routes would he to the mu- b? K..r .1.. a nuut ui iu6 iarmer and the ti country storekeeper, and it is de- in sirahle that the routes, serving more 01 than 15,000,000 people, should be b( utilized to the fullest practicable ex- pi tent. An amendment was proposed b< in the Senate at the last session, at ths suggestion of the Postmaster} General, providing that, for the pur- en pose of ascertaining the practicability R of establishing a special local parcel nt poat system on tho rural routes throughout tho United States. the gi Postmaster General be authorized and it directed to experiment and report to y< the Congress the result of such ex- el periment by establishing a special R ( local parcel post system on rural do- lu i very rentes in not to exceed fonr ounticB in the United States for ackagcs of fourth-class matter origlating 011 a rural route or at the disributing pest cfTiee for delivery by ural carriers. It would seem only roper that such nn cxporimejit bould be tried in order to demontrntp the praeticability of the prop* sition, cspec:nlly as the Postmasterleneiti estimates that the revenue erivert firm the cpeation of such a ystem cn all the rural routes would mount to raanv million dollars. Education. The share that the National Govrnment should take in the brood *ork of education has not received he attention and the care it rightly leserves. The immediate responsiility for the support and improvelent'cf our educational systems and nstitutious rests and should always est with the people of the severiil itates acting through their state and ocal governments, but the Nation as an opportunity in education work p*hich must not be lost and a duty liich should no longer be neglected. With the I'mitcd means hitherto irovided, the Bureau of Education as rendered efficient service, but the 'ongrcss has neglected to adequately upply the bureau with means to meet he educational growth of the counrv. The appropriations for the genral work of the bureau, out side ednatien in Alaska, for the year 1909 rc but $87,500?an amount less than bey were ten years ago, and some of I!C J 111 | ?*'i lillll 111 III!* 1(1 UIl'Sl' 'nations arc loss than they wore hirty years ago. It is nu inexcusable raste of public money to npproprite an amount which is so inadeuate as to make it impossible proprly to do the work authorized, and t is unfair to the great educational utercsts of 1 lie country to deprive hem of tlie value of the results which an bo obtained bv proper nppropritions. Census. I strongly urge that the request of lie Director of the Census in connceion with the decennial work so soon a be begun, be complied with and hat the appointments to the census oree be placed under the civil serice law, waiving the geographical equiremcnts as requested hv the Dieotor of the Census. The superviaers nd enumerators should not be npointcd under the civil service law, or the reasons given by the Director, commend to the Congress the eureul consideration of the admirable rooit of the Director of the Census, r.d 1 trust that his recommedations ri?i be adopted and immediate action hereon taken. * Soldiers' Home. All Soldiers' Homes should be plucd under the complete jurisdiction nd control of the War Department, ndependent Bureaus and Commissions. Economy and sound business policy pquire that *nl^*xisting independent ureans and eTmtmlssions should be laced under the <uridiction of aprrnrinfn tU<* T. - i * ? ?- y *' ( unwise from evervVandpoint, and psnits only fn Vilsefiief, lv have any xecutive work done save by the urely executhe bodica, under the ontrcl of the President: and each nth executive body should be under ip immediate supervision of ft Cablet Minister. Statehood.' I advocate the immediate ad.^iron of New Mexico and Arizona ns tntrs. This should be done at the resent session of the Congress. The eonle of the two Teiritories have 'nde it evident by their votes that icy will rot tome in as one State, he onlv alternative is to admit them s two. and I trust tlint this will bo one without delay. Interstate Fisheries. I call the attention of the Conress to the importance of the prohm of the fisheries in th interstate aters. On the Great Lakes we are ow. under the very wise treaty of pril 11th, of this year, endeavoring ) coins to hii international a^reeicnt for the preservation and satisictory uao of the fisheries of these aters can not otherwise be achieved, nkc Erie, for example, has the richit fresh water fisheries in the world; nt it is now controlled bv the stutra of two Nations, four fcutc*. iid one Province, and in this Proviso by different ordinance* in difuent counties. All these political Ivisicna work at cross purposes, and i no case they achieve protection to ic fisheries, on the one hand. an?l isticc to the localities and individils on the other. The case is simir in Pnijet Sound. Fisheries and Fur Seali. The federal statute regulating inrstnte traffic in gam" should be exuded to include fish. New federal ?h hatcheries should he estbalished. lie administration of the Alaskan ir-seal service should be vested in ic Bureau of' Fisheries. Foreign Affairs. This Nation's foreign policy is isCfj on the theory that right must > done between nations precisely as stween individuals, and in our aeons for the last ten years we have i this matter proven our faith by ir deeds. We have behaved and are 'having. towards other nations, as in "ivnte life an honorable man would 'have towards liis fellows. Latin-American Republics. The commercial and material pro-ess of the twenty Latin-American cpublics is worthy of the careful tention of the Conaross, No oilier 'ction of the world bra rhown a enter proportionate development of s foreipn trade during the last ten 'firs and none other has more special aims on the interest of the United tatcs. It offers today probably r^er opportunities for the legiti male extension cf our loromrrce than any other group of tov:*r:rs. These j countries will want our pioducis in greatly increased quantities. ttttd we shall correspondingly ncnl theirs. J The International ITureaa of the American Republics is doing a useful work in making these nations *iH their rc>curlces better known to us. and in acquainting tjseri rot only k with ? nw a pcopl? and with our purposes towards them, but with ] what we have to exchange for their goods. It is an international institution supported bv all the governments of the two Americas. Tar. am." Canal. The work on the Panama Canal is being done with a speed, cftb'icnev and entire devotion to duty, which c xrake it a mcdcl for nil work of the * kind. No task of such magnitude hns f over before been undertaken bv any c nation; and no task of the k -i,i has 1 ever been better,performed. The men 1 on the Isthmus, from Colonel (Joe- 11 thals and his fellow commissioners * through the entire 1st of employers 1 who are faithful!.- do:n<r f'ir r duty, t have wen their right to the ungrudg- ' ine respect and latitude of the American people. Ocean Mail Iircs. 1 I again recommend the extension 1 of the ocean mail act of lSdl -m that I satisfactory American ocean l'nrs to I I South America. Asia the PlnTpines. C and Australia may l>-? established, * The erention of such ueamship linos e should be the natural eorolle-v of the 1 voyage of the battle fleet. It should c precede the opening of the Panama i Canal. Even under favorable eon- i ditions several years must elapse he- F fore such lines can be put into opera- t tion. Accordingly I urge that the e Congress act promptly where fore- 1 sight already shows thnt action soon- t or or later will be inevitable. t The Army. As regards the Ai mv I call at ten- t tion to the fact that while our junior \ officers and cnl:sted men s'end very a h<gh. the present svstn of promo- i tion by sen'oritv results .n bringing f into the higher grades many men of v mediocre c pneitv who have hut a v sljoit time to serve. No man should j regard it as his vested right to ris^ c to the highest rank in the Army any e more than in ntiv other profess'on t It j? a curious and by no means ered- v itnble fact that there should be so I often a failure on the part of the r pubi c nn,i its representatives to nn- s deist and the great need, firm the S standpoint rf the service end the Nn- b lien, of refusing to promote respectable. eldejly incompetents. The a I mgner places si.oulil bo given to t lie n most deserving men without regard e to seniority 5 at least seniority should n be treated as onlv one consideration, e In tlie stress of modem industritl 1 eompetition no business dim could v sneered if these responsible for its management were chosen simplv on 0 the ground that they were the oldest n people in its emploiment; yet this is t the course advocated ns regards the p annv. and required by law for all ^ grades except those of general officer. C As a matter of fact, all of the best o offl< eis in the highest ranks of the Ji army are those who have attained ^ tbeir present position whcllv or in jrf part by a process of selection. u The Navy. b I approve the recommendations of d the Orncrnl Eoard for the increase of h the Navy, calling especial attention > to the need of additional destroyers t, and colliers, and above all. of the p four battleships. It is desirable to ], complete ns sbu as possible a squad- ij ion of eight battleships of the best p existing type. The North Dakota, fl Delewnre. Florida ami TTfall wMl foim d tire first cf tlrs squadron. Tin four j] vessels pi0posed will form the second p division. It will bo an improvement (j en the first, the ships being of the heavy, single caliber, all big gun f, type. All the vessels should have the y same tactical qualities, that is, speed b' and turning circle, and ns near as fj possible these tactical qualities j should be tbc same as is in the four r4 vessejs befpre named now being d built. ' ^ The Ap:oricap pcpple have cause for profound gratification, both in|lf view pi wie oxcruonr condition of the fleet ns shown by this cruiso .and in w view of the improvement the cruise j>t has woiked in thi# already high condition. I do not believe that there is my other acrvieo in the world in p which the average of character and ffllcicuoy in the eni sled men is as ?) high as is now the ease In our own. c< I believe that the same statement can be mode as to our cflleers, taken as a p whole; but there must he n rcscrvai 011 mode in regard to those in the highest ranks?as to which I have already spoken?and in icenrd 10 those B who have just entered t service; because we do not now get lull benefit firm our excellent naval school . at Anuapcl's. It is absurd not to 11 graduate the midshipmen as ensigns; tl to keep tlirm for two years in such tl an anomalous position as at present p the law requires is detrimental to Ihera and to the service. In the academy itself, every first classman shdnld be required in turn to serve w as petty officer and cfTi.er: !?';< ?h:l-loi ity to discharge his duties as such should he a prerequisite to his going n into the linf, and his success in com- u nanding should largely determine his iJ standing at graduation. The Hoard of Visitors should he appointed in January, and each member should he required to' give at least six days' service, only frtm one to three days' Of j to be performed during Juno week, y wbi?h is tho least desirable time for n the board to he nt Annapolis so fnv , rs benefiting the nnvv by their ob- h serrations in concerned. g THEODORE ROOSEVELT. c The White IIousc, Tuesday, Dcoegi- g bcr 3, 1003, t J LAWMAKERS MEET f Second Session of the S'x ieth Congress Begins lis Wcrlt. SEVERALNtW MEMBERS SWORN if the RcpiUtcca Leaders Retain Frercnt Views Ifcerc Will Ee very fcHtle Elrc Dene by tbo OonjreB! Except Appropriate Money l\?i Variotsc and Sundry Objects. Washington, Special.?If Republish lendcis retain their present views he legislation of the session of Conors* which began Monday will indude yei-v lit(except the approirintion bills. These bi-Ms will earry ,11 the aggregate r.l out $1,000,000,090, ind tlu general opinion is that in the ime that will be allowed, the two :onses will find thov ran best serve he country by giving proper nttcnion to tli"se appropriations. There will be n general effort to it,1,1 the appropriations down to the owest possible limit. It is gcncrallv mderstcod that there will be n bill 'or the improvement of rivers and larbors, to carry not less than $23.>00.000 or $30,000,000. Provision mist be made this year for the conns of 1P10, and this will require not mc ^innnn aaa rm ?? wo ?ri"?vvu,wu. 1 urrr win ui* ither exceptional demands, so that as t lroks now Congress will do well f it Succeeds in holding the appropriations for the second session of he Sixitieth Congress to the dimensions of those of the iivst session, rhe House committee en approprinions already has begun its work on ho snr.dr> bills. The fact that the managers desire o restrict legislation will not prcent other numbers of the Senuto ind House from exerting their efforts n behalf of favorite nieasurcg. Tho Irst effort in th s direction will bo ncdo in the Senate by Mr. Fornker, rlio will Knew h's attempt to hovo >assed the bill outhorixiiig the relilislmom of the negio sol Hers dlsharged without loner c.i r.erouut of he Brownsville riot. This mcasuro rill be the special order for Peeemter 10th. Senator Uevrridge will aake an < ITort to obtain enrlv eonidernth n < 1' hie child labor bill, an I lenator Cniler, of tlie postal savings anlc bill. It is quite certain that the recent greement between the I'nited State* ml Japan will receive oaile eonsidiratiou in the Senate. Already u mmber of Senators have privately xpresscd disapproval of the fact hat the compact was entered into without consulting tho Senate. Monday at 12 o'clock both lionises f Congress convened for the begining of the second session of the Sixieth Congress. Practically no busies* was transacted in cither house londay. In the Senate ex-(ioveruor 'qiniuiiis. of Iowa, took the oath of fflee as the successor of Senator Alison ,ns did Can ell S. P?pe, of Yerlont, us the successor of Senator Itewart, in the House the seven leniber* who were elected in.Novcmer to succeed member* who havw ied or resigned, arc Henry A. Barnart, Democrat, who succeed* the lata Ir. Brick. Republican, from the thirfeutli Indiana district; Albert Estoinal, Democrat, who succeeds tho ite Mr. Meyer from the first Louisma district; Otto O. Foelker, Reublican. successor to Mr. Dim well, tepubliean. i:i the third New York istrict; Frank E. Guernsey, Rcpubcnn. successor to Mr. Powers,' Rcubliean. fttm the fourth Maine disrict; Ebcn M. Masters, Republican, accessor to Mr. Parker, Republican, roiii South Dakota at large; O. C. uloy, Democrat, successor to his Mother, A. A. Wiley, Democrat, from jq, "Aeeoiid Alabama district, and t>hn P. Swansay, Republican, suc;ftsor to Mr. Littlefield, who resigned ilring the last session firm the sec* hd Maine district. The two houses appointed commits ie? each to notify the other IIo?u"i ud the President that the two bodiet ere organised cud prepared to g<t irward with the business of the st?' on. The Senate then adjourned fop le day. out of respect to the ry of Senator Allison, who died din/ iff the recti p. The llouae tormina'* i its brcf cession with resolution Jmmetr.orntive of the lives c", [essrs, Parker, Wiley, Dunwell and owers, who have died since adjournient lost May. rave Eniir.tcr ScaKcd to Dcnth ia Hi". Cab. Stafesboro, fia., Special.?Remainip at Iii?4 post though rtangi ? lrcatened. A. A. Rpppart). a sen of in late well-known luinheiman, If. L Reppanl, of Savannah, was slowl alde<* to death when his engm * lined over and pinned him in tl ? reckatre. one mil* froiri Aaron. Of , n the SaVannah. An'/list a & Noif rn Railway. Twenty passengers ; i caboose tUnt with "the engine mafi p the train had narrow c^aprs frcu * -i 11 rv 4 Prominent Woman Suioidee. 1 Pristol, H. I., Special.?Mrs. En? in, Kursrll C'be6c.brou<li, nsfed 9 tr.rs. wife rf Alfred H, < 'hruebrou? !, wcll-Wrnwn vaeht drs'Hfier of ' i igrjafi ity, committed filicide b.v fliootii f j eric If lu the heed with a rcvolv< & ,;j Ihe had been troubled with mclr i? | holia nnd insomnia for some titrj, I he tvos tho daughter of former Lie i- I ennnt Governor Jouatban ftrwtt { jiHH