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? RAILWAY INQUIRY-i I IN WASHINGTON L j Excessive Labor Costs and WorkI ing Conditions Chief Causes of Trouble. NO CONTROL OVER EXPENSE I Price* and Wages Fixed by Governmetvt Leave Little Scop* for Manage. nenL Washington, D. C.?In testifying before the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce In the general investigation into the railroad situation, witnesses for the railroads contended that: (1) The costs of operation are abnormal, owing chiefly to wage scales established by the government which exceed wages paid for similar work la ether industries, and to wasteful labor costs, often for work not done, enforced upon the railroads by the so called "National Agreements." (2) That 97V4 cents out of every dollar of operating expenses in 1920 were at prices fixed directly by the government, or by general market cout dltions and over which the railroad managements had no control. ^ (3) That the general business depression was not due to the high g freight rates, but to the lack of buying both here and abroud. j. One of the most striking facts brought out in the testimony presently ed by the first witness, Julius Kruttschnitt. chairman of the hoard of dic' rectors of the Southern Pacific, was the following, in explanation of the chief reason for the increase in operating expenses since 1910: "Thn I.ilwiH Kill .xd ?..* * ? - ?r jt in. kiuui mil in i in- viirnvrti m 1910 (which was before the Adautson 1 law took effect) stoo.t at $1.40S,.">76.1S)1. In 1920 it was $&,4KkS.216,Hr>l, an ln<| . crease of $2,229,839.9.~7. "Tlie increase by years since 1916 ' C g hastfeen as follows Increase in 1917 $270,905,748 > ^ Increase in 1918 874,331.209 1 Increase in 1919 229,315,081 J Increase in 1920 855,087,919 ^ or an aggregate increase since 1916 of $2,229,839,057 hei Exhibits were placed before the J committee showing that for the rallanc roads of the whole country, Increased F expenses in 1920 over 1919 were as Moi follows: A. Actual expenses for 1920.$6,163,138,341 Mondt Actual expenses for 1919. 4,667,774,131 Mrs here. Inc. for 1920 over 19I9.$1,495,364,218 Mr. Kruttsehnitt. in showing how little control the railroads had over necessary expenditures, said : j . "Sixty-four cents out ofVv^ry dolDill ???ffl??H????( SafuA ? f I MODE! i m Overhead expens g expense. Old system ?ia ( ] b< m One-third of the hj> j?, have thrown away tt the end of the year i oi: ? __ eri ? IS - 5-, mUmTH J ? ni ~?FUtffiiif IS ^=ee^=E||- = i s ill ffl ^===^==;=i|; = ml' m -III - . s H ffi iJ H LEDGER LE [g Double or single ent HTh.. Eg umns. Machine ruled c Fair" m ledger paper. Standard / -5 aP the Special f< lbl a short notice. ' /f6' fifl ???????? / sa gg Grows in poul; [g the month your sta and [g daily use throughoi and** ? PU* ^em UP aU ' tent m ing. They drop bacl whll j?j ' J, ? We are notrbe her r r* every particular. T tl,u? H traveling auditor f Dickens ? simpler and more i return m We have speci dipiomi an(j machinery us< 66 Ai |S the big city ma home 'A tm he could HI m g Don't send " THE D1LJ lar of operating expenses were, In 1920. paid out to labor, and the wages of labor are fixed by the government. "Fifteen cents out of every dollar of operating expenses was paid for materials and supplies at prices fixed by the government. "Three and one-half cents out of every dollar was paid for other exItenses Incurred by the government in the first two months of 1920. "A total, therefore, of 82% cents out' of every dollur of operating expenses for 1920 was paid oat at prices directly fixed by the government. "The remainder, up to 97% cents, was for materials and supplies, purchased at prices fixed by general market conditions and'beyond the power of the railroads to control." To illustrate how labor costs were inflated by the "National Agreements" entered Into during federal control, fixing rules and wording conditions, the following examples were cited: 1. The Pere Marquette Railway was compelled to pay $9,364 In back pay to four employees because their titles unucr mcae agrremenia wen chaiifed by a decision of the Director General, while the nature of their duties and the volume of their work remained the same. 2. A car repairer on the Virginian Railway was paid $1,000 for work he never did. He was laid off with other employees because there was no work for him to do. When he became entitled under his "seniority rights" te be re-employed, he received back pay and overtime. 3. The^hop Crafts Agreement provides that when employees are required to check in and out on their own time they will be paid for one hour extra at the close of each week, no matter how few hours they may have worked. This rule in the tirst six months of 1920 cost the railways $$.500,000, or at rate of $13,000,000 a yegr. * WHEN IX TROUBLE *\ C4II Phone 77 * * P. & W. REPAIR CO. * * Painting and Repairing all * * Make Cars * How are the f< after H:80 P. M. half rate Ask Long Distance for SOUTHERN BELL TI AND TELEGRAPH US? IS? IDE IS IS? I m ROfiki mil i/vvm ie is the canker worm that gi s are costly. They.waste tim< < cost of a ledger is in the bine ie cost of a ledger, in additio is buying new leaves at a mil pjgjj OL ^I try up to 12 col- BH m extra heavy I forms in stock ' orms ruled on irity every year. It is a great itements are ready to mail 01 it the Carolinas and our cus sizes, bound in Red Russian c flat when open, giviifg a per ginners in the loose eaf line. i 'ell us what your bus ness is ar or one of the largest.bonding iccurate. al forms for farmers as well j ;d by other manufacturers. W inufacturer. HERALD PRINTERS your money away to distant ammmm rn mm ram m ran QD QD Si EE (S3 QD IS EEXXJ CO HQ . # V ' LON HSIIALD, DILLOir, SOUTH C f. On the Chesapeake 4k Ohio Railroad piecework car repairers decreased 41.4 per cent and airbrake repairera 33.4 per cent In efficiency under a guarantee of a fixed minimum rate per hour. 5. On the abolition of piece work on the Union Pacific Railroad In the wheel shop at Omaha, Nebr., the time required for the same work was Increased 31.9 per cent and the output was cut down 24 per cent: and In a coach-cleaning yard at Denver the time required was Increased 38.3 per cent and the output decreased 28 per cent. 6. Southern Pacific employees, whose sole duty was to keep watch on stationary engines and to stop the engine in case anything went wrong, were reclassified by Director General as "electrical workers." one man on the Salt Lake division being given back pay of 82,381, another 32,094, another 32.009, another 32,903. and six others amounts varying from 31,890 tc 31,900. 7. Under the present classification rules of the shop crafts. In order to change a noesle tip In the front end of a locomotive It Is necessary to oall a boiler maker and his helper to open the door, because that Is boiler makers' work; to call a pipe man and his helper to remove the blower pipe, because that is plpemen's worlj; and call a machinist and his helper to remove the tip, because that is machinists' work: also for the same foroe to be employed for putting In the new tip. Questioned by Senator Polndexter, Mr. Krutt&cliultt sluted that these Instances might be increased Indefinitely* und we.-e characteristic on railroads i f li.e country, as a result of the ''Agreen eats" Left over froua federal coutroL December, January and February are the hottest months of the year in Brazil. Mil, FARMER?Use a numbered order book for writing your orders to merchants. It leaves you a permanent record and it is easy to check up your account with the merchant. A safe and economical i way of handling your farm affairs. They can be carried in the vest pocket. The cost is small. For sale at The Herald Office.?5 5. oiks at home? | The man who travels ! can always keep in touch with the wife I 'and loved ones at I home. The low STA' TIONTOSTATION toll rate gives you this _ 1 * n pleasure at small cost? with a minimum of 25c. rates and details. SLEPHONE COMPANY iSISSSlffllSSBSSfflS (EEPING laws at the vitals of every bi e and lose dollars that run in THE LOOSE I ling. When you open new bo< ?n to the time lost in transfe limum of expense. JRDUPLIC/ UUK TIME SAVER ; time-saver. You make ou it. No rush at the end of th tomers tell us they would no cowhide back and comers feet waiting surface. We have been putting up loos id let us design a system to su companies in America. We g is merchants, bankers and m 7e employ the same skilled w ? PUBLISHING HI cities for the same class of f (soHifitstsitsitxitsiisaBa : - r ' , wns^ff T ABOLDTA, . THURSDAY, MORNINO, , MR. FARMER?Use a numbered or,der book for writing jour orders to merchants. It leaves you a permanent record and It is easy to check up your account with the merchant. A safe and economical way of handling your farm affairs. They can be carried in the vest pocket. The cost is small. For sale at The Herald Office..?5 6. . fiHHI Hi The Zfrfot S combinat 3 passenger (Syp w * motoring jjl^ I i^nportanl I msLx^mur b^ll W IIWW l>L I .! IBSSSShSSSSSSHS *? r ~nITT i is is is is is? si? si is si MPTITATV ric i nuu isiness. The problem today is ito big sums. The modern sysl .EAF SYSTEM aks you throw away one-third ring accounts. A loose leaf led IT1NG LEDC This ledger will pay for its saved in three months. It < oosite each ledger shepf nn bill head perforated at one < bon sheet works between th second sheet. The items arc the bill head and a copy is n second sheet. At the end of your statements are made o tear out the bill head and m customer, keeping the secoi the ledger until the account saves one-third of your bool gives you a completer recoi t bills from day to day as the e month. No delay in getting t do WithoOt them for many t i, corduroy sides and strong n le leaf outfits for many years, it it. We offer you the services uarantee to give you a system \ lanufacturers. We have forms rorkmen.. We use the same m . 7- . * COMPANY, L JLERS rork. We can also fire you do immmmammmmmii J CD (S CD IS CBZICH OB CD SI IX EliFv f ,-"i: - i in ^ " r rvNE a, lm. FINAL DISCHARGE NOTICE. a / ti Notice la hereby given that Clar- . ence Bailey, administrator of the estate of Cella Ann Jackson, deceased J has made application unto me for p final discharge as adrillnistr&tor, and that Thursday, June 30th at 11 o'clock in the forenoon has been appointed for the hearing of the said petition. 6 it Beautiful Oar in / le Three Facto deed do you find in one car the si ion that characterizes the New Sc Glenbrook?distinctive beauty, c rmance and economy of operatic it as you will the sum and subi satisfaction is expressed in these l / n .1 . t iactors. cy incm you must ji my motor car on the American >uld be no better way to exp >oks" great popularity and secure ding five passenger model. It del tisfies every demand of the road? n service at minimum cost E-DETROIT MOTOR CAR CO., DXT HamnJ*rwnr. * fmi- AUtm Csmmmd Iter IM J. EARLE BETHEA Dillon, S. *J. i?h?hh??????s SAVES N to get m aximum production tem is r I of the cost of your ledger. In ger will la st a life time and yo ;er carries opi ordinary ^H|B end. A care bill anrd a ^4 i carried to lade on the THE STEI Bound with ut, and you ail it to the a binding that id sheet in who wants the is paid. It tains a mechani ki work and ers and is boui rd- cannot be beatc of extra grade. items are entered on your ledg out on time. Hundreds of tl imes the cost. They cut book-k letal parts made of the very I * i and we guarantee our books t i of an expert accountant who v, i that will s ave time and mak that suit every business. We u aterial and our overhead expe Dillon, S. c. BINDERS . se prices on lithographed, engr imrnrn mmrammmmm itstziracBixitzitsitzitsitzitzi All persons holding claims against ie said estate are requested to tile :ieni with the administrator on or efore 11 o'clock in the-forenoon of une the 30th or this notice will be lead in bar of their recovery. JOE CABELL DAVIS, Judge of Probata, 2 4t. , Dillon County m ^ H! 9 f Bl ^ JmoricsL g| ; Bvm I* 1 Ll AW HWH ?r^wvi B,? 1 a? his! a in ssi sis? ONEY i at a minimum of ,? . V a a three years you ? ur only expense at S a < -?? a DA mr T rnrrD [SI JlJtJilVIV LlJUI/U?iIV LXJ Red Pigskin Leather ? ? J appels to the customer ? best he can get. It con- ffl ism better than all oth- BB id with materials that IS sn. It is strictly a binder ? J BB '< sal er, and at the end of m lese ledgers are in ? eeping in half. We [ ] > jest aluminum cast- g] ^ s , obe first-class in r ? i| 'as for sixteen years e your book-work Si * ise the same presses , m nse is less than that ^ * ?.j aved, or embossed work. GD (Z1 Q3 CD ^ rxi m IX] KlB., IZi SI OB EZt rl QD SI IB BB BosKS