Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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r^J^H K S &\js - , ? K M* oBraKfi . Btl m&m mm ,~~ i SHBi ? y"---'7-W ? ? xVl Opening scene of "The Man <>n Tli _ THE HOOKWORM. 1 a i State lh*?rti of Health Will Kstab- 1 lish Dispensary in Dillon Coun- 21 * ? (Written for The Herald by Dr., ?, J. LlaBruce Ward.) This disease is cause-J bj a small wjrm which lives in the small ?n- t testmc or bowel The worm when full grown is t about a half incli in length, and n as Dig around as a pin. It is of,a a dirty white color. Cut No. 1 a shows the worm as it appears to Vi the eye. Cuts 37 and 38 c show the worm greatly magnified; as it appears under the microscope. These worms lay eggs. These eggs are too small to be seen by ^ the naked eye. Under the micro- J. scope they look like this?(see tj cut 31. Each female worm may lay o over a thousand eggs in a day.; t They do not hatch in the bowel. w These eggs pass out with the; bowel movement and get on the1 ' ground. Here in a week or two one worm hatches out of each egg. In Q hot weather the worm may hatch ^ out in one day. These young hookworms are called embryos. These little worms I've in the dirt and grow for two or three days, then r shed the'r skin and grow for a few days more. They get ready to cast their skin again and in thisI stage they are called encysted em-. broys. Under the microscope they i ? appear to be in a capsule. They arej boo small to be seen by the naked s eye. In places where no privies A are used or where no buckets are n used to catch the excreta of bowel. j-' movements, the ground is alive with )lc these little worms. Thev cannot ho 1 seen but they are there neverthe-, hi less. They can be felt. Let any; barefooted person walk on soil1C1 which is polluted; that is, con- ,l tains body discharges an in a di few minutes there is a stinging tl! sensation on the feet. Later this gets worse and Ln a few hours time the skin between the toes and on top of the foot is red and swollen.1 The itching is intense and the desire to scratch is irresistable. In other words, the little worms have ' burrowed through the skin (see cut 33) and caused what we call: "ground itch," "toe itch," or "dew poison." Ground itch occurs more! , ( often in rainy weather or rather ,XJ heavy dews. This is becpusc the rain washes the excrets and the ^ young worms a considerable distance from the privy or other place where.*.*' the body waste Is deposited. If j these discharges do not get on the . ground, there will be no ground .y itch and no hookworm disease. For . this reason we never have hook- j worm disease in cities wihere sewer systems are used, or a country S district where sanitary privies are ' used. j? Let us return to the little hook- |f< worms too small to be seen by the naked eye which has burrowed gr through the skin and caused ground V itch. They get into the blood stream and pass to the lungs, from m the lungs they crawl up the small air tubes until they reach the wind ca pipe. We know that the upper m opening of the wind pipe (larynx) of is close to the gullet (esophagus.) ,j( It is easy to see, then, how thdse little worms can be coughed up th from the wind pipe and swallowed. ^ They pass through the stomach to ai the first portion of the bowel. Some times they are found in all parts of h< the bowel. It takes the worm two I ?i months or more to travel from the j jg skin to the bowel. They cause no J ej disease while taking the Journey. < tr As soon as they reach the bowel, | they attach themselves by means of I j0 two pairs of lips to the llnLng of yt the bowel or mucous membranej M (see cut 34) and soon become full 01 grown?that is, about a half inch f long, (see cut 1.) Each worm has a a small tooth, which is hollow like fr the needle of a hypodermic syringe, h The worm takes hold of the bowel is lining, and this tooth pierces the e? bowel lining. The little worm not fc only damages the bowel lining, but h, - ^ it also sucks blood and Injects a i sf poison (toxlne) into the clrcula-|tj tion. When it has exhausted the w blood su^ly from one little spot, it b, turns loose and takes hold in an- jr other place. tl Although these worms are very C ~Vv- <"Tuall, there are hundreds, some- hi thousands, of them In the c< at a time, and this causes h< ''t becomes very weak e< T A . - -, 1 1-' ? ? Cr nwmii tun ui uiuuu XV impaired diKostion. w , ^shortly after reach- 01 ^Psee cut 34,) begin k +? m cut 31,) Juat aM d X* These eggB do m. >e body but are w ^^^jowel movement h r* unless the b 2worm in d * W W W tM'-^ugh the HI I ! Bp Bttv,*' at Auditorium Oct. 7th. i Bkin. Every time we have ground Itch a little colony of hookworms Iliiaih 1 - t - ! a? ....t ?aiu-u iur me nowei. ?oys md -girls all over the State and ften men and women also, go bareooted several months in the year ?d are seldom without ground tch. Is Uie Disease Common? bubini, an Italian physician was he first to discover the hookworm ti man. 'Ibis was in 1854. In j he mines in certain parts of Ger-: l&ny the disease played such havoc) mong the miners that no man with ( hookworm disease was allowed to!: crk until the disease had been, ured. In America the first hookworm' as discovered by Dr. Stiles, of ' lie United States Marine Hospital crvice. Hi is was in 1902. When ' r. Stiles made the announcement i lat many of the people through- 1 ut the Scutli living in the small iwns and in the country districts * ere suffering with hookworm dis- 1 us", the papers treated the matter s u joke an.l even the physicians 1 oulited that the disease was com- ' ion. Vow anyone who doubts that 1 ookworm disease is the most seri- 1 us pioblem confronting the pee- 1 le of the South, either has not in- 1 estigated the matter, or is not 1 pe.n to conviction. i'lrere the Disease is Found in the ' I'nitnl States. The disease is found in all of outhern states. It is not found l the Northern part of the United tates because of the cold climate, s a rule, the disease is more comlon on sandy soil. In our State le heaviest inf??. >? 1 ? * - M..WV1VU to HI LlltJ >wer counties and it grows lighter j s we go toward the northwestern ? art of the State. As yet, we have not been able to ^ stimate the number of cases of ,j ookworm disease in the State, but o know that the disease is much lore common than people think. t Last winter ton thousand school lildren attending rural schools ore examined and over 20 per cent. ' them had hookworm disease. In . ie past two and a half months, ov- . two thousand cases of hookworm ? seese have been treated in four , unties fn the State. The Age Limit. There is no age limit. The dis- Q se is commoner between the ages ? five and fifteen, but it occurs in j' >ry young children and in very old (1 rsons. As soon as children get d enough to wear shoes all the a ar and thus prevent ground itch, t ev will gradually recover from t e disease unless they are severe- t Infected. It will be noticed that ibies in the country are usually ? salthy. When they become large iough to run about and catch ound itch, they become pale and a >uny" looking. They are pale or ^ How and have indigestion and t her disturbances. a ow the IMwMe Affects a Person. ' The symptoms of the disease vary eatly. The disease may be so se- (j ire that we can make a diagnosis t r glancing at the patient, or it ^ ay be so mild that the person ap>ars healthy in every way.In these 1 ses we must use the microscope to ake a diagnosis. A small portion the bowel movement is placed un- d sr the microscope. If the person dl hookworm disease the eggs of p ie worm can be seen. The eggs of p ie round worm, the tape worm, Is id other intestinal parasites can p so be found. In a severe case of a Jokworm disease the child is usu- f Jy small for his age. The face 8 often wrinkled, and appears too y d for the body. There is at oubled or drawn expression about t ie mouth. The skin is usually t t or a waxy look. The patient i >llow. It may have j> Hpatihw >?<-1 implalns of "shortness of breath," r\ ' pain in the stomach or a heavy v >elng as though he were carrying j weight in the stomach. He suffers t om indigestion and "heart burn."! eadache is common. The appetite j variabble; at time the patient v its a great deal and again cares , r nothing. Often times he will'v a.ve a fancy for clay, sand, chalk, >ot and saw dust. We used to \ link that dirt eating caused hook- ? orm disease. We had the cart sfore the horse. The disease caus- y ig the craving for these things and r le patient is unable to resist.11 ure the disease and the patient 3 as no desire for these things. Re-, y ;ntly a physician engaged in the s ookVorm work was told by a well (] iucated and highly cultured lady ^ ho had hookworm disease that heu the craving to cat sand came n n, she would try to get It if she j, new that she would be shot for v olng so. ' t The skin of the person with hook- j 'orm disease is usually dry and | arsh. The heir of the head is c ry and that on other parts of the B ody very scant. The patient may I very thin or may be bloated or A ropuctl. _ When patients have lost flesh and m % jecome very weak they often imag-L ne that they have consumption, (see cut 7.) If they become bloat-J d they believe themselves the vie- . irna of "kidney trouble." It la a oinnion thing for hookworm pa-11 ients to suffer for years with what . hey call "consumption," "kidney rouble," heart vdisease," "dropsy,"il dyspepsia," or "malaria." These ]. maginary troubles vajiish like mag-| c when the patient has been treat-," :d for a few weeks, and will not re- j. :urn if the conditions surrounding Lhe home are as they should be. j' rhe symptoms outlined above are j. those found in severe cases of the i. disease. In a mild case of the i I disease the child may be full grown for his age, and his color may i be good. The only evidence of dis- t ease is indigestion or an occasional J headache. It la in these cases that,l we must use a microscope to makej, a diagnosis.# Some persoos imagine iuat iiouKwvrra ui.n:a?j 1? wuuu only among the poorer people. This 1 is not true. The disease recognizes j no social barrier. it is four.*aniong rich and poor and high and , low. If people go barefooted or I wear leakly shoes where there are j no sanitary closets, they will cc.. tinue to have hookworm disease. Is There a Cure? The disease can be eas'ly cured except in the extreme cases. There is no danger in taking the medicine to expel the worms provided the directions of a physician are followed. If the disease is mild, it may be cured with two doses of medicine given a week apart. Severe; cases require four or five doses. j Improvement usually takes place as soon as the treatment is completed; and sometimes before. There is no i other disease which is cured so, quickly. In children the improve-j ment is extremely rapid. In a few weeks the child is transformed from a sallow, weak individual, to rosy cheeked child full of energy. ; In other persons the changes are not 00 marked. If a grown person has had the disease since childhood, and is severely infected, he can be greatly improved but the ear marks .f the disease are always there. In one of our coast counties, a boy seventeen years of age was so severely infected that he was inialde to walk over a half mile: without resting. A week after, treatment he walked four miles. He is now enjoying good health. Often 1 have seen young men so ill with | :he disease that they could do noth-j ing which required any more exerlion than chewing tobacco or fishing. A few doses of medicine j would enable these men to follow a plow all day or to do other hard ; work. Think of the many persons!* 11 our State who are now leading i j a I i ft* nf miaortr n A# thin iv v?i iutoci j ua accuuui Ul tu 10 > lisease. Sometimes the disease'* tills; more often it weakens the 11 system so that the person dies of , yphoid fever, pneumonia or some I? )ther discaes. If these people j| :ould be cured and could earn . vages and pay taxes think how nuch the revenue of your county j| :nd of the State at large would be ncreased. These people are now sonsumers. Let us cure them so ! , hat they may become producers. ! >Ve need no drones in our hive., , rhere is work for every man, wo-j nan and child to do. We are spending thousands of j lo liars each year to educate our, nildren, and we should spend much | r ore, but many of these children annot learn. This is no laziness; j t is because they are sick with | lookworm disease or something lse. It is time for us to stop his economic drain. It has been ;oing on too long. Of the 10,000 chool children examined in this Itate last year (in rural schools) j ess than 20 per cent, were abso-j utely healthy. May had hoO-kworm | i3ease. throat disease, eye diesase j nd otner diseases of a more or leflB erious nature requiring medical at- | ention. About 75 per cent, of hem had defective teeth. We are rying to force these children to Earn when they are unable to do roper work because of their phyical condition. In hookworm dis-i ase the child is usually dull: nd advances slowly in school. Is i t cheaper to have these children ] reated or let them go untreated nd perhaps die before they are | Town? I Hookworm disease is not a new j isease. It has been in this Coun-1 ry for several generations but has ; I nly recently been regognized. I | lohv V.'e Can (?et Rid of the I>i?- | ease. First: Every person with the | isease should be treated. Second: There should be no soil ? ollution. If you have an unsanitary irivy (cut 2) you should make it anitary ? that is, make it fly " roof by putting flaps on the seat nd on the rear (see cuts 4, 5, and 0 f.) Buckets or other recepticles hould be used and kep? clean. If ? ou have no privy build one like . hat shown in cut 6 aud use the anrels shown in cut 35. The en- 4 ire cost of the material including ^ tarrels and connecting pipe should ' ot be more than $10 or $12.00. 4 There are several types of privies ^ vhlch can be used. Write the State Board of Health for informs- 4 ion. if a sanitary privy cost $100.00 t would be cheap. It will prevent 4j vlll lessen the number of oases of \ h/.?l ? ? 1 ."I umjr liuunwunu DUt it kill lessen the number of cases of <j "diarrhea or "summer complaint." . Vhat do these diseases cost you very year? i If you have hookworm disease ou should be treated. If your leighbor has it, see that. he is < rested. If your neighbor has It, < ee that he is treated. You are our brother's keeper. Every per- i on who has hookworm disease is a i langer to others every time he ollutes the soil. < If you are pale and "puny" you ; i nay have hookworms. If you don'J.| snow what ails you it may be hook- < vorms. If you wish to know, write < o the State Board of heatlh, Coumbia, 8. C., for a mailing case. < n this you can send a specimen for 4 lamination, which will cost you iothlng. * If you have the disease it 1? 4 asy to cure. If you haven't It, 00 (Continued on page It.) { B+B+B*B+B+B+B B * * B * fl b j Style, Pric( f The three vital points I M I L L I I We have combined all of 1 mnct ctvlich an A m net att Iltvu v IIVIUWU U1IU IUVVV ?K% ' ? ever shown in Dillon Coui time to investigate our ch i Ladies Goat * A line that can't be surpi and beauty. When we t will wonder how we can: " money. But it's our seer I you hGW it is done. ! L BLUM ( b jj Our Millinery department is in clu Inez Jordon IHHHHHHMUHHHHI I OUR H)UMKK Al> AX 5 COLE'S JUNIOj | We want every Girl ami Boy who i This Store ami register flu ?KI? n?n?? - come anu COLE'S HOT S GIRL. OR BOY | Free to all f(irlN and boys 15 years let which will tell you all about i may win one of the SEE THE PRIZE NI Ol' Be a | Cole's J unior Girl or Boy PALMETTO HA SIHHUHHMHUMHMUU ! M. A. STUBBS J. D. HAR | Hargrove?Hal % We have just received and are offering I I ======= SHOKK fa Steadfast & UeltrlUi for men /ilegler Bros, and Putney's ^ Battle Axe for ladies and fa children. Y t'OAT HUIT8 L* Ladies and Misses. See them. fa t'LOTHING We carry Burger Hnod's all L* wool worst (Ml for men and fa Poney Boy clothes for the lH?ys at prices that si* right. ? V % We make high grade clothing to any m< Agents for Butteri | HARGROVE-HALL COM jjj e, Quality I in the making of " N E R Y " :hese in the prettiest ? ractive line of millinery ; ity. It's worth your kims. " f* > s and Suits I issed in point of style ell you the price you ? sell such goods for the - ? et. Come let us teU J* ? MMPANY * irge of Mioses Nina Alford * * * *1* -I- v v i llllllllll* {( I NOUNOKD THE ' I n R CONTEST S .vants U> win a prize to come to ir name ant! enter st r?ET A BLAST BUTTON' of a?e or under. Call for boofct. Also tells you how you splendid prizes. K SHOW WINDOW. Agent* for Code's Ho* Blast Stoves and Ha?fCe? RDWARE CO. ? X GROVE W. E. HALL > 11 Company :| the following in seasonable good ? - f X HATS All the latest in John B. Stetson and Pointer shapes. V GENTS FURNISHINGS: Geo. P. Idle Shirts and Col lars. Altnian ties and orevats, underwear and hoi scry. O DRESS GOODS Z Our line of Woolen Dress V * Goods and silks can't be A surpassed, also a big line of Allovers with hand to match. y - f ;asure for both the Menand Ladies y ck Patterns. O PANY, BETHEA BUILDING %