^Hf^V
p A
jffjgirden
Hbrnu iiiiiiAo
>?fi i v*n Limnud.
cM at Some of Thoir Phases In
k' Southern California.
?ndable water supply that can
n upon wbeueve/ needed i? (
\he Ideal condition, of ngrlcu)
;<1 almost a necessity to the ,
irmers. This consideration ox ,
.he undoubted luterest In lrrl- |
schemes and their progress to ,
ctent. at least, in humid regions. .
the Irrigator's problems everyf
the waste water which sinks (
a soil from ditches and reser- ,
the loss sometimes amounts to
tan half the total flow. The f
which escapes is often worse (
JT7BCPA. OANA.L.
gtssd with cement mortar.]
Jilted. It collects iu the lower
*'#lls the soil, drowns the roots
laid plants, brings alkali to the
Kin some regions ami *3 very
Sf a prolific breeding place for
BUrge storage works linings of
iflt concrete or usphaltnm may be
4^1 without the expense being
HtlTe. But ou lateral ditches I
Mill storage basins simpler and
*r methods of making the surB^srvlous
to water, such as eun
JMed but by farmers or unskilled
0j^ must be found. Muddy way|M
silts up muddy ditches, but
| prater Is clear, us from wells or
jSin, seepage losses are likely to
Mftanent, and some sort of lining
i) this becomes an important rnntW?rn
California affords one of
fields for studying irriga\B.
A. Etcheverry of ILc State
pity, tracing the progress there,
iMtt canals were first paved with
-owlders or cobblestones. This
/ was then Improved upon by
wand cementing. Plastering with
it mortar from one-half to one
btck and the use of concrete for
; from three to six inches thick
Introduced afterward. The use
Si or cement nines has become
n favor In southern California,
the volume of water to ilistribaot
largo they have to a great
replaced the smaller open ditch,
advantage of lining a canal is
>ne the decrease in seepage. Others
should be considered. First,
jventlou of growth of vegetation
Important Item and is quite an (
M when In most cases the ditch |
ral must be cleaned out several |
during an irrigation season; sec
the resistance to scouring, on (
depends the velocity which the (
can be given, and, third, the i
ntlon of squirrels and gophers ,
burrowing Into the banks and
r*a of ditches.
cement mortar lining is reported
ofeasor Etcheverry to be proba- ,
ted more extensively in southern ,
mla than all the other meth- ,
OTCLINED CANAL
[Showing vegetation.]
asnoblnod. It has proved very
rat, and its cost is small. The
canal, in the vicinity of Riveras
shown In the cut, is lined in
aanner, the lining, however, being
aas quarter to one-half Inch thick,
a pin ter lining is subject to rupifroni
burrowing animals and
I storn. water washing out some
< back filling. It is probable that
tad of lining would not resist the
Mkl -.LI ? ?
VI II I UUIUI $ HIIIIJCCl Ul \t?ry |
leather. (
llT7 road oil lias been e\pertinent- i
I ?tth and found very effective In
ting growth of aquatic plant;j
Ifog with clay la Bald to lie a
: preventive of seepage, lint It does ,
dnder vegetation.
A * t
Soil Sterilization. y
am result* of tests at the Vermont ]
riment station show that soil ster- ,
ttan is an effective means of pre- t
Mm or controlling some of the ,
enemies of greenhouse plants. (
flHpnr Stuart considers It "one of ^
flHfet Important of the more recent
'fljbfaents of greenhouse technic"
flpBjpves that "on acconnt of the
so frequently cauiod by f
to tomatoes and encumbers
|?vu under glass the sterllixa J
mm. 1
]
? u.'? - """
I
. i
r ? =n I
Farm
Garden
FORCING RHUBARB.
It Can Bo Successfully Grown During
tho Winter Month*.
It is possible and practicable for
very farmer to supply himself with
............ u.mug uic winter inoiitns. In
many Instances It will be fouml proflttble.
The essentials for the suecessrul
production are good strong roots,
it least three years eld. and a suitable
?laee for forcing.
The methods of handling roots and
?rop during growth are simple and inixpeusive.
For location of the forcing bed select
my place where a temperature of 40
;o liU degrees cun be maintained and
!rom which the light can be excluded.
GOOD STRONG ROOT.
A. corner of the house cellar Is often
the most accessible and desirable. Curtain
oft the desired amount of room
and put In about twelve Inches of medium
loam. Thin soil Bhould be In
good workable condition and fairly
moist. It is essential that this room
should be frost proof. The necessary
heat for such a place can usually be
obtained by use of a lantern or lamp
If the amount of room is not large.
When it is large some other method
of heating will have to be devised. A
furnace in the cellar will furnish the
necessary heat.
The main requisite is tlint the roots
be thoroughly frozen before being put
Into the forcing bed. Roots caw be
thawed or not before planting, as de
sired. It Is not necessary that the
roots be thawed when set. They ma;
he put as close together as possible In
the bod without Injury to their growth
If there is sutficieut soil preseut to
keep them uioist. The amount of sol)
must be enough to cover the roots. If
the plants are In a large bed It is ad
visablc to place them so that there Is
room cuough to walk between the
rows. Very little watering Is needed,
and the growth in darkuess inducesthe
production of a large proportion of
stalk with small leaves. The rapidity
of growth and coloring of the stalk
are largely controlled by the temper
alure. The higher the temperature
the more rapid the growth and lighter
the color of the stalk, explains New
England Homestead.
The "plants may be forced uny time
luring the winter months. For commercial
production about Jau. 1 seems
to be the time for the setting of plants.
This brings the crop into the market
luring the latter part of the month,
ind a continual supply Is maintained
jntil the outdoor crop comes into the
market in April.
A Smokehouse.
The diagram shows the plan of a
linokoholise ff>nn<1 Bnllufiiz-Oif.- !.?
jf our readers. In this ease the smoke
>veii conuects with the barn cellar,
hut It couUl lie readily built out of
loors. The oven shown in cut IS three
feet square, with sheet Iron door. The
pipe leading from It to the smokehouse
1 -Aa
i
t:
*
(tiur -~/V>?t
km ???*|
? 1 ^
PI.AN OP HMOKKHOUSE
Is ten inch gla/.eu tile, with an elbow
it each end. Over the end of the pipe
In the floor of the house Is n deflector,
> flat square stone laid on four pieces
>f brick, which causes the smoke to
HI ail parts of tbo house. This ar*uugeineut
is much superior to the old
dun of building a tire In the smokehouse,
as it supplies cool smoke and
loos uway with the danger of lire,
lays Rural New Yorker.
Forest Firas.
In many localities there still exists
in idea that burning over the forest j
loor is not injurious, but even benell-1
:1a 1. It la difficult to Imagine upon
vhat basis this Idea rests, for certalny
anythiug which will destroy the
1cb accumulation of leaf mold, the
euder seedlings and young trees as ,
inrface or ground firs will do cannot
all to serlonsly retard the natural r?
rodaction of the forest.?B. D. House.
j
Happy Family.
"Do Bllgglns and his wife quarrel
is much as they used to?" ,
"No. Each has learned to go on read*
ng a newspaper while the other is
talking without being In the least
turbecL"?Washington Star.
' .! 1
. . " " fl
Farm
Garden
WINTERING BEES.
Packing Colonies In Straw In an Open
Storm Shad.
At the back side of the bee building
Ct the Montana experiment station and
running the length of it is a room with
a flirt floor fitted up with two skeleton
shelves of 2 by 4 so thut some forty
or fifty colonies of bees may be wId
tered under as nearly normal conditions
as possible, with the entrances
connected witu the outside, permitting
the l?ees to fly at will.
Above these rooms in the gable roof
Is ample storage room for empty hives
and for surplus combs when not In use
for the liouey harvest.
During the first two winters prior to
the erection of this bee house expert
SHKL.TKB rOK BKKH1VLS.
meats were carried ou iu outdoor win
terlug and in packing a number of eol
onles in straw under one roof. The experiments
during the last two years
were not only uindilicd by the indoor
wintering with packing only above tho
colouies, but also by packing colonies
in straw in an open shed against the
side of the house. tS? e the accompanying
figures.)
Outdoor wintering is usually accomplished
iu elm it hives, and one great
objection is the expeuslreuess of llicst
hives. Otherwise, since It is the most
normal condition for bees, this method
is to be recommended for lnexperi
enced beekeepers. The feature of these
chaff hives Is a double wall with from
three to eight inches of space between
the walls on all sides, including the
bottom, filled with some nonconductor
of heat like straw, chuff, paper or
grouud cork. The effect of this packing
is to retain the heat and at the
same time permit the moisture produced
by the l>eos to pass off.
To further permit moisture to escape
the oil or carriage cloth quilt used in
summer is removed and a canvas quilt
placed over the frames. Above this
newspapers, a piece of old quilting or
a chaff tray may be used to retain the
heat. Then above this material to retain
the licat there should be an open
space with free ventilation, accomplished
by auger holes through the ga
ble ends of the roof. The roof and
whole hive should be thoroughly painted
and the hive placed several inches
aff the ground to prevent freezing and
thawing and the attendant soaking up
of water. The entrance formed by a
bridge passageway through the packlug
at the usual place is contracted to
HIVES IN PLACE
[Ready for a winter protection of boards
and straw to be put across the front.1
an iuch or so for the winter. There
should be in most Instances no trouble
in wintering bees so packed If they
are stroug in numbers and with plenty
of stores.?Montana Experimental Station.
Dried Leaves Useful.
Plenty of dried leaves should be
gathered for bedding and to bank up
cellars nod pits, suggests American
Cultivator. Bog hay is also good for
this purpose. In some localities large
areas of brook hay nnil bog hay have
thin year not l?eeu considered worth
cutting for stbck, but now that work
Is not so pressing some farmers could
find time to cut this grass for bedding
and mulch. Simply mow it, leave It
for a day or two, then turn the swatha,
and next day it will be cured well
enough for these purpose*.
Get Hie Answer.
The victim of th? dentist tin
hand.
"Doctor," said he, "before you pi?t
the lid on my conversation will you
answer a question?"
"Tee," said the dentist, selecting a
square piece of rubber und snipping it
with his scissors.
"Do people chew more on oue side of
the mouth than the other?"
"Sure," said the dentist, picking up
the clamps.
"How interesting! Which side?"
"The Inside," replied the dentist,
slipping the rub!>er dam over the verbal
one that Issued from hie patient's
Upa.?IfippUicott'e
' J_J J rn |g-g
V
Farm j
Garden
Ru
OUTDOOR EVAPORATOR. Ko
A Handy Arrangement For Drying
Fruit In Small Quantities. lCx
Portable evaporators are espwinlly
convenient when It ia desired to dry
only a few bushels of fruit at any oue
time. T.he usual sizes have a capacity
of Ave to ten bushels a day, and even
more in some cases, although the
quantity will of course vary with the
attention given to them. As they are
complete in themselves and are not I
too heavy to be readily moved thej ||
may be placed wherever convenient** I
from time to time dictates. j
The figure shows an evaporator et I
this type which is constructed entirely I
fOlirABLE BVACOBATOR.
of Wood, except the parts in direct coil- I
tact with the beater. There is spue*
Cor ten trays fan- holding fruit, the dimensions
of which are 2V*? by 3 feet.
Each tray holds about one-half buslic)
of fruit Modifications of such an
equipment to suit individual needs and
conveniences readily suggest themselves.
There are several other styles of this
type obtainable froin manufacturers
which are made of sheet iron, usually
galvanized. As no wood enters into
their construction danger from fire is
eliminate*!. One of these styles is pro
I vlded with a heat deflector and so
j constructed thut hot currents of ait
i pass over the fruit as well as up
{ through it, the claim being made that
! this movement of uir induces a more
rapid drying of the fruit than in ordinary
methods of construction.?II. P.
|. Gould.
Denatured Alcohol.
| The manufacture of denatured alco- ____
hoi is eugrossing the attention of
farmers everywhere in the United
Btutes. However, the development of
the industry since the favorable legIslalion
by congress last year has been #
hindered by the apparent inability of fl
farmers to immediately put the busi- ta
ness on an economical and pructical f/
basis, says New England Homestead. 1
it will naturally take some little time IS
to work out tbls problem. A brief ref- 'M
ereuce to conditions In prance, whore W
the industry is a practical success, will fJ
prove instructive. <
It is claimed on the continent that l|
alcohol can be made more profitab.y Ml
from sugar beets tliau from potatoes. Ml
At least this has proved so in France. Ijf
Farmers there, however, say that the |fll
distillation of beets ceases to be prof- ^1
ltnble when the price of alcohol falls Ml
below 25 cents per gallon. In Ger- i]
many great quantities of potatoes are ||f
distilled, largely by the small farmer, Ml
yet in many instances these are fa- Ml
vored by a premium or bountv of ?ru?- 'V
cial character which helps make pro- n
ductlou proIItable. In France the farm- 'A
er alms to <!o his distilling after crops N
are harvested, when he has some slack jfj
time on his hands. <
Motto Olympia Automobile Exhibitiorv ||
^ l
A good thing Is soon snappedi up.? 1
Prehistoric Proverb. a
May It be so with the cars!?Sketch. I
Her Stipulation. I
When a rosy cheeked, good natural j
Irish girl fresh from the other side re- J
cently sought employment In the serv- I
Ice of a Germantown woman the latter
began anxiously to Interrogate the girl
as to her quallflcatlons. I
"Can you cook, Nora?" asked the *1
lady moat earnestly. "Are you a good
cook T 11,
"xes, mum; I t'Ink so," responded fJ
the girl naively, "if ye'll not try to help <
me."?Harper's Weekly. k|
Forewarned. 1
"Tee," said HI Tragerdy, with a 11
smile, "I remember my parents used m
to say I'd never amount to anything R
If I didn't give up my theatrical a* rJ
piratlons." V
"Weil, that was fair warning." ~
marked Crittlck. "Why dMaWUiHUU
\ V' ^ . - V ^ -?
VHI-TE SU LPH U R'SPR INGS
MOUNT AIRY N. C
>pcns June 5th, under entirely new management, thoroughly renovated,
and greatly improved.
he Best Water in North Carolina
FOR STOMACH AND
KIDNEY TROUBLES.
inning Water in Rooms, Long Distance Telephone,
oms with Private Baths, Fine Orchestra,
Mosquitoes, Modern Amusements,
ecllent Table, Buss Meets All Trains
' Malaria, Finest Climate in the South.
RESIDENT PHYSICIAN IN CHARGE.
r information and rates, address,
ROERT IRV1IN, Prop'r.
WOFFORD COIXEGE
^SPARTANBURG, S. C.
HENRV NELSON SNYDER, m. a., litt. d.. ll. d.
president.
Ten Departments.?Gymnasium under competent director.
Athletic Grounds. Library and Librarian. Science Hall. Fiftyfourth
year begins September 15, 1909. For catalogue address
7-22-4t J. A. GAMEWELL, Secretary.
WOFFORD COLLEGE FITTING SCHOOL
spartanburg, s. c.
Three New Brick Buildings. Steam Heat and Electric Lights.
Individual attention to each student. Next Session begins September
15. 1909. Fr?r f?afn1r->crn? o.a/1 -J-J
, ?.t?iv6uv. anu IllUllliailUll iiUUIfSS
A. M. DuPRE, Headmaster.
Wanted?
*You to know the merits of
BABCOCK AN D
MOYER BUGGIES
Come and look. The acme
l[Bp" of perfection. At
^ TheHolliday Co.DILLON.
S. C.
it costs you nothing to see and
you may find the inspection
profitable.
1 CHER A W 1
j Tuesday August 17th. Iri
j The Biggest day of all. Cheap W
\ Rates on Ten special trains. W
I Leave home after breakfast and A
j home before supper. mR
I RACES. nfi
5 Cheraw has just finished the Rrt
J finest Race Track in the State. SA!
5 Will be the first meet of the Pee UU
K Dee Driviner Association at P.Vip- "
& raw. Large purses and fast fin
g horses. Rlj
? Grand Woodman of the World Rfi
i Rally. If you are a Woodman Vjj
& come and meet with all the camps 8vj
in the Pee Dee Section. W
"j Steamboat Excursions. U
K Down Pee Dee river every two ll
i hours, beginning at 9 A. M. Take |U
p a 20 mile steamboat ride. )[}
\ ASEBALL ffi
Wadesboro vs Columbia. Qji
i Wadesboro has the strongest AS ^
\m ?? J-l- - ? - - '' L
j ainataxc ttjctiii in tne uaronnas. |V|
B Come and see what she will do jflj
j when up against the real thing. UU
"Lefty" Lewis or Miller will be M
I in the box for Columbia. |flj
^ Plenty of music. ftjj
Next week will publish railroad |0j