University of South Carolina Libraries
^Hf^V p A jffjgirden Hbrnu iiiiiiAo >?fi i v*n Limnud. cM at Some of Thoir Phases In k' Southern California. ?ndable water supply that can n upon wbeueve/ needed i? ( \he Ideal condition, of ngrlcu) ;<1 almost a necessity to the , irmers. This consideration ox , .he undoubted luterest In lrrl- | schemes and their progress to , ctent. at least, in humid regions. . the Irrigator's problems everyf the waste water which sinks ( a soil from ditches and reser- , the loss sometimes amounts to tan half the total flow. The f which escapes is often worse ( JT7BCPA. OANA.L. gtssd with cement mortar.] Jilted. It collects iu the lower *'#lls the soil, drowns the roots laid plants, brings alkali to the Kin some regions ami *3 very Sf a prolific breeding place for BUrge storage works linings of iflt concrete or usphaltnm may be 4^1 without the expense being HtlTe. But ou lateral ditches I Mill storage basins simpler and *r methods of making the surB^srvlous to water, such as eun JMed but by farmers or unskilled 0j^ must be found. Muddy way|M silts up muddy ditches, but | prater Is clear, us from wells or jSin, seepage losses are likely to Mftanent, and some sort of lining i) this becomes an important rnntW?rn California affords one of fields for studying irriga\B. A. Etcheverry of ILc State pity, tracing the progress there, iMtt canals were first paved with -owlders or cobblestones. This / was then Improved upon by wand cementing. Plastering with it mortar from one-half to one btck and the use of concrete for ; from three to six inches thick Introduced afterward. The use Si or cement nines has become n favor In southern California, the volume of water to ilistribaot largo they have to a great replaced the smaller open ditch, advantage of lining a canal is >ne the decrease in seepage. Others should be considered. First, jventlou of growth of vegetation Important Item and is quite an ( M when In most cases the ditch | ral must be cleaned out several | during an irrigation season; sec the resistance to scouring, on ( depends the velocity which the ( can be given, and, third, the i ntlon of squirrels and gophers , burrowing Into the banks and r*a of ditches. cement mortar lining is reported ofeasor Etcheverry to be proba- , ted more extensively in southern , mla than all the other meth- , OTCLINED CANAL [Showing vegetation.] asnoblnod. It has proved very rat, and its cost is small. The canal, in the vicinity of Riveras shown In the cut, is lined in aanner, the lining, however, being aas quarter to one-half Inch thick, a pin ter lining is subject to rupifroni burrowing animals and I storn. water washing out some < back filling. It is probable that tad of lining would not resist the Mkl -.LI ? ? VI II I UUIUI $ HIIIIJCCl Ul \t?ry | leather. ( llT7 road oil lias been e\pertinent- i I ?tth and found very effective In ting growth of aquatic plant;j Ifog with clay la Bald to lie a : preventive of seepage, lint It does , dnder vegetation. A * t Soil Sterilization. y am result* of tests at the Vermont ] riment station show that soil ster- , ttan is an effective means of pre- t Mm or controlling some of the , enemies of greenhouse plants. ( flHpnr Stuart considers It "one of ^ flHfet Important of the more recent 'fljbfaents of greenhouse technic" flpBjpves that "on acconnt of the so frequently cauiod by f to tomatoes and encumbers |?vu under glass the sterllixa J mm. 1 ] ? u.'? - """ I . i r ? =n I Farm Garden FORCING RHUBARB. It Can Bo Successfully Grown During tho Winter Month*. It is possible and practicable for very farmer to supply himself with ............ u.mug uic winter inoiitns. In many Instances It will be fouml proflttble. The essentials for the suecessrul production are good strong roots, it least three years eld. and a suitable ?laee for forcing. The methods of handling roots and ?rop during growth are simple and inixpeusive. For location of the forcing bed select my place where a temperature of 40 ;o liU degrees cun be maintained and !rom which the light can be excluded. GOOD STRONG ROOT. A. corner of the house cellar Is often the most accessible and desirable. Curtain oft the desired amount of room and put In about twelve Inches of medium loam. Thin soil Bhould be In good workable condition and fairly moist. It is essential that this room should be frost proof. The necessary heat for such a place can usually be obtained by use of a lantern or lamp If the amount of room is not large. When it is large some other method of heating will have to be devised. A furnace in the cellar will furnish the necessary heat. The main requisite is tlint the roots be thoroughly frozen before being put Into the forcing bed. Roots caw be thawed or not before planting, as de sired. It Is not necessary that the roots be thawed when set. They ma; he put as close together as possible In the bod without Injury to their growth If there is sutficieut soil preseut to keep them uioist. The amount of sol) must be enough to cover the roots. If the plants are In a large bed It is ad visablc to place them so that there Is room cuough to walk between the rows. Very little watering Is needed, and the growth in darkuess inducesthe production of a large proportion of stalk with small leaves. The rapidity of growth and coloring of the stalk are largely controlled by the temper alure. The higher the temperature the more rapid the growth and lighter the color of the stalk, explains New England Homestead. The "plants may be forced uny time luring the winter months. For commercial production about Jau. 1 seems to be the time for the setting of plants. This brings the crop into the market luring the latter part of the month, ind a continual supply Is maintained jntil the outdoor crop comes into the market in April. A Smokehouse. The diagram shows the plan of a linokoholise ff>nn<1 Bnllufiiz-Oif.- !.? jf our readers. In this ease the smoke >veii conuects with the barn cellar, hut It couUl lie readily built out of loors. The oven shown in cut IS three feet square, with sheet Iron door. The pipe leading from It to the smokehouse 1 -Aa i t: * (tiur -~/V>?t km ???*| ? 1 ^ PI.AN OP HMOKKHOUSE Is ten inch gla/.eu tile, with an elbow it each end. Over the end of the pipe In the floor of the house Is n deflector, > flat square stone laid on four pieces >f brick, which causes the smoke to HI ail parts of tbo house. This ar*uugeineut is much superior to the old dun of building a tire In the smokehouse, as it supplies cool smoke and loos uway with the danger of lire, lays Rural New Yorker. Forest Firas. In many localities there still exists in idea that burning over the forest j loor is not injurious, but even benell-1 :1a 1. It la difficult to Imagine upon vhat basis this Idea rests, for certalny anythiug which will destroy the 1cb accumulation of leaf mold, the euder seedlings and young trees as , inrface or ground firs will do cannot all to serlonsly retard the natural r? rodaction of the forest.?B. D. House. j Happy Family. "Do Bllgglns and his wife quarrel is much as they used to?" , "No. Each has learned to go on read* ng a newspaper while the other is talking without being In the least turbecL"?Washington Star. ' .! 1 . . " " fl Farm Garden WINTERING BEES. Packing Colonies In Straw In an Open Storm Shad. At the back side of the bee building Ct the Montana experiment station and running the length of it is a room with a flirt floor fitted up with two skeleton shelves of 2 by 4 so thut some forty or fifty colonies of bees may be wId tered under as nearly normal conditions as possible, with the entrances connected witu the outside, permitting the l?ees to fly at will. Above these rooms in the gable roof Is ample storage room for empty hives and for surplus combs when not In use for the liouey harvest. During the first two winters prior to the erection of this bee house expert SHKL.TKB rOK BKKH1VLS. meats were carried ou iu outdoor win terlug and in packing a number of eol onles in straw under one roof. The experiments during the last two years were not only uindilicd by the indoor wintering with packing only above tho colouies, but also by packing colonies in straw in an open shed against the side of the house. tS? e the accompanying figures.) Outdoor wintering is usually accomplished iu elm it hives, and one great objection is the expeuslreuess of llicst hives. Otherwise, since It is the most normal condition for bees, this method is to be recommended for lnexperi enced beekeepers. The feature of these chaff hives Is a double wall with from three to eight inches of space between the walls on all sides, including the bottom, filled with some nonconductor of heat like straw, chuff, paper or grouud cork. The effect of this packing is to retain the heat and at the same time permit the moisture produced by the l>eos to pass off. To further permit moisture to escape the oil or carriage cloth quilt used in summer is removed and a canvas quilt placed over the frames. Above this newspapers, a piece of old quilting or a chaff tray may be used to retain the heat. Then above this material to retain the licat there should be an open space with free ventilation, accomplished by auger holes through the ga ble ends of the roof. The roof and whole hive should be thoroughly painted and the hive placed several inches aff the ground to prevent freezing and thawing and the attendant soaking up of water. The entrance formed by a bridge passageway through the packlug at the usual place is contracted to HIVES IN PLACE [Ready for a winter protection of boards and straw to be put across the front.1 an iuch or so for the winter. There should be in most Instances no trouble in wintering bees so packed If they are stroug in numbers and with plenty of stores.?Montana Experimental Station. Dried Leaves Useful. Plenty of dried leaves should be gathered for bedding and to bank up cellars nod pits, suggests American Cultivator. Bog hay is also good for this purpose. In some localities large areas of brook hay nnil bog hay have thin year not l?eeu considered worth cutting for stbck, but now that work Is not so pressing some farmers could find time to cut this grass for bedding and mulch. Simply mow it, leave It for a day or two, then turn the swatha, and next day it will be cured well enough for these purpose*. Get Hie Answer. The victim of th? dentist tin hand. "Doctor," said he, "before you pi?t the lid on my conversation will you answer a question?" "Tee," said the dentist, selecting a square piece of rubber und snipping it with his scissors. "Do people chew more on oue side of the mouth than the other?" "Sure," said the dentist, picking up the clamps. "How interesting! Which side?" "The Inside," replied the dentist, slipping the rub!>er dam over the verbal one that Issued from hie patient's Upa.?IfippUicott'e ' J_J J rn |g-g V Farm j Garden Ru OUTDOOR EVAPORATOR. Ko A Handy Arrangement For Drying Fruit In Small Quantities. lCx Portable evaporators are espwinlly convenient when It ia desired to dry only a few bushels of fruit at any oue time. T.he usual sizes have a capacity of Ave to ten bushels a day, and even more in some cases, although the quantity will of course vary with the attention given to them. As they are complete in themselves and are not I too heavy to be readily moved thej || may be placed wherever convenient** I from time to time dictates. j The figure shows an evaporator et I this type which is constructed entirely I fOlirABLE BVACOBATOR. of Wood, except the parts in direct coil- I tact with the beater. There is spue* Cor ten trays fan- holding fruit, the dimensions of which are 2V*? by 3 feet. Each tray holds about one-half buslic) of fruit Modifications of such an equipment to suit individual needs and conveniences readily suggest themselves. There are several other styles of this type obtainable froin manufacturers which are made of sheet iron, usually galvanized. As no wood enters into their construction danger from fire is eliminate*!. One of these styles is pro I vlded with a heat deflector and so j constructed thut hot currents of ait i pass over the fruit as well as up { through it, the claim being made that ! this movement of uir induces a more rapid drying of the fruit than in ordinary methods of construction.?II. P. |. Gould. Denatured Alcohol. | The manufacture of denatured alco- ____ hoi is eugrossing the attention of farmers everywhere in the United Btutes. However, the development of the industry since the favorable legIslalion by congress last year has been # hindered by the apparent inability of fl farmers to immediately put the busi- ta ness on an economical and pructical f/ basis, says New England Homestead. 1 it will naturally take some little time IS to work out tbls problem. A brief ref- 'M ereuce to conditions In prance, whore W the industry is a practical success, will fJ prove instructive. < It is claimed on the continent that l| alcohol can be made more profitab.y Ml from sugar beets tliau from potatoes. Ml At least this has proved so in France. Ijf Farmers there, however, say that the |fll distillation of beets ceases to be prof- ^1 ltnble when the price of alcohol falls Ml below 25 cents per gallon. In Ger- i] many great quantities of potatoes are ||f distilled, largely by the small farmer, Ml yet in many instances these are fa- Ml vored by a premium or bountv of ?ru?- 'V cial character which helps make pro- n ductlou proIItable. In France the farm- 'A er alms to <!o his distilling after crops N are harvested, when he has some slack jfj time on his hands. < Motto Olympia Automobile Exhibitiorv || ^ l A good thing Is soon snappedi up.? 1 Prehistoric Proverb. a May It be so with the cars!?Sketch. I Her Stipulation. I When a rosy cheeked, good natural j Irish girl fresh from the other side re- J cently sought employment In the serv- I Ice of a Germantown woman the latter began anxiously to Interrogate the girl as to her quallflcatlons. I "Can you cook, Nora?" asked the *1 lady moat earnestly. "Are you a good cook T 11, "xes, mum; I t'Ink so," responded fJ the girl naively, "if ye'll not try to help < me."?Harper's Weekly. k| Forewarned. 1 "Tee," said HI Tragerdy, with a 11 smile, "I remember my parents used m to say I'd never amount to anything R If I didn't give up my theatrical a* rJ piratlons." V "Weil, that was fair warning." ~ marked Crittlck. "Why dMaWUiHUU \ V' ^ . - V ^ -? VHI-TE SU LPH U R'SPR INGS MOUNT AIRY N. C >pcns June 5th, under entirely new management, thoroughly renovated, and greatly improved. he Best Water in North Carolina FOR STOMACH AND KIDNEY TROUBLES. inning Water in Rooms, Long Distance Telephone, oms with Private Baths, Fine Orchestra, Mosquitoes, Modern Amusements, ecllent Table, Buss Meets All Trains ' Malaria, Finest Climate in the South. RESIDENT PHYSICIAN IN CHARGE. r information and rates, address, ROERT IRV1IN, Prop'r. WOFFORD COIXEGE ^SPARTANBURG, S. C. HENRV NELSON SNYDER, m. a., litt. d.. ll. d. president. Ten Departments.?Gymnasium under competent director. Athletic Grounds. Library and Librarian. Science Hall. Fiftyfourth year begins September 15, 1909. For catalogue address 7-22-4t J. A. GAMEWELL, Secretary. WOFFORD COLLEGE FITTING SCHOOL spartanburg, s. c. Three New Brick Buildings. Steam Heat and Electric Lights. Individual attention to each student. Next Session begins September 15. 1909. Fr?r f?afn1r->crn? o.a/1 -J-J , ?.t?iv6uv. anu IllUllliailUll iiUUIfSS A. M. DuPRE, Headmaster. Wanted? *You to know the merits of BABCOCK AN D MOYER BUGGIES Come and look. The acme l[Bp" of perfection. At ^ TheHolliday Co.DILLON. S. C. it costs you nothing to see and you may find the inspection profitable. 1 CHER A W 1 j Tuesday August 17th. Iri j The Biggest day of all. Cheap W \ Rates on Ten special trains. W I Leave home after breakfast and A j home before supper. mR I RACES. nfi 5 Cheraw has just finished the Rrt J finest Race Track in the State. SA! 5 Will be the first meet of the Pee UU K Dee Driviner Association at P.Vip- " & raw. Large purses and fast fin g horses. Rlj ? Grand Woodman of the World Rfi i Rally. If you are a Woodman Vjj & come and meet with all the camps 8vj in the Pee Dee Section. W "j Steamboat Excursions. U K Down Pee Dee river every two ll i hours, beginning at 9 A. M. Take |U p a 20 mile steamboat ride. )[} \ ASEBALL ffi Wadesboro vs Columbia. Qji i Wadesboro has the strongest AS ^ \m ?? J-l- - ? - - '' L j ainataxc ttjctiii in tne uaronnas. |V| B Come and see what she will do jflj j when up against the real thing. UU "Lefty" Lewis or Miller will be M I in the box for Columbia. |flj ^ Plenty of music. ftjj Next week will publish railroad |0j