Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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t'nmtmrm* - €1y Tn ( KY (MXIKE PABM. Ctttt ON A LARGE SCALE NEW YORK MARKET. 1»«r%»4 r««l Am r»llrrt- Um> W»«*hl«T •labiu of ih» Bird*. *'trh«r« do th« tbooMDtU of Ha- Wav* ta K«v York city g»*t their fat f— They got 1 A,000 of them in IK97 from Kentarky. They are being abipped by Hel Itenaker of ('ynthiana, Ky., vrite* a Chicago Record cnrreepond- enL Itenaker baa the moat unique eatabliebmentof the kind in the Went. On the Licking mer, ju*t above the town of Cynthiana, he han erected a large wooden buihling, 80 by 150 feet, and two utorien high. The floors alant gradually to a common centre, no that they can bn flooded, aud than kept clean. There are troughn placed at convenient points to hold (god for the gcene. At present there are 5*200 geese in thin building in different stages of tbe fattening process. They are gathered frotn all parts of the state, aud when they arrive they average in weight from four to eight pounds. They are first placed in the large yard in which the building is situated, where they are furnished an aimndance of water, that they can clean themselves. With in a few days they are placed in the honse in the fattening pens. It re quires four or five weeks’ careful feed ing to fatten the geese. The estab lishment is provided with a steam eorn mill and corn sheller. The corn is purchased from the farmers in the neighborhood and is shelled and ground into meal. The cobs run down a chute to the furnace and make enough fuel to run the machinery. The meal is mixed into a dough and in that form is fed to the geese. In an interview Mr. Rennker gave the following interesting facts regard ing geese, their habits and the man- Ber in which they are marketed: "A goose is the cleanest fowl alive. 1 have been in the ponltry business since 1871, have handled all kinds of domestic fowl, and have studied their habits closely. They are constantly si work keeping their feathers clean, snd if furnished with plenty of water they sre never seen except when fit for dress parade. They arc equally as careful regarding their food. On one 'occasion we bought a lot of corn which had grown musty and the geese would not eat the dough made from ft will they eat dongh after it “Another thing peculiar about geese is that they eat a great deal more on some days than they do on others. For instance, it frequently requires HO or 40 buckets of dongh a day to n given pen of geese. Then foV n few days they will probably not eat more than a dozen buckets. When fur- inished plenty of water and wholesome lood geese fatten rapidly and have no disease^ but unless they ore afforded an opportunity to keep themselves clean and furnished with pure food they die rapidly. They are sold by the pair and they average when fat from 14 to 38 pounds. ! “We sell our geese in only one market—New York city. They are shipped in poultry cars and are fur nished with au abundance of water and cornmeal dough while they are on the way. The reason they are shipped •live is that Jews cannot purchase them after they are killed. In 1896 we shipped about 12,000 geese to New York city, and in 1897 we handled 18,000 of them. The capacity of our house is alrout 5500. It requires three men to attend the corn sheller aud the mill and to feed the geese. We have waterworks connections aud keep the house clean by flooding the floors. “No, I don’t think there is another establishment of the kind in Ken tucky. There may be a few in tbe West. I think that more geese are raised in Kentucky than in any two of the Western states. Yon know onr farmers are mostly descendants of 'Virginians and Marylanders, who settled here 100 years ago, and who rained their own geese to provide feather beds for their families. This habit has been continued to the pres ent generation and there are few farms -especially in the older-settled sec tions of the state—on which there are bo geese. Although the cotton mat tress largely has taken the place of the feather bed, the wives of Kentucky farmers continue to raise geese as their mothers and grandmothers did before them. Thus it is that we are enabled to gather so many geese at this point. “Yes, the business is peculiar, but it has its fascinations. Geese have a great deal more sense than they are given credit for, and they learn to know their attendants and seem to ap preciate the care and attention they receive. We have several different breeds in Kentucky, of which the Hong Kong is the most popular. The old-fashione l blue goose is quite nu merous, and many of these have been crossed w ith wild geese, the wild birds straying away from their flocks during periods of migration from the south Ic the north in the early spring.” ■•rvday life in the bush, un- y Thug journey is to lie made, NATURE’S COMPASS SIGNS. How Woodsmen Tell the Point of tho fompnaa from Trees. The many different methods to de termine the cardinal points while on the mountains, in both heavy timber ami small bush, or upon the feature less expanse of a great marsh, are ex ceedingly numerous and reliable enough for all practical purposes dur ing an eve less a very which would require a number of days, aud would make it necessary to hold <»u a very fine point while making so long a distance. We will first take notes on the co niferous trees, pines, spruce, cedars, hemlocks, etc. The bark of these is alkays lighter in color, harder aud dryer on the south side of the tree; while it is in color much darker, is also damper, and often _ covered with mould aud moss ou the north side. The gum that oozes out from wounds, knot holes, etc., is usually hard, and often of beautiful amber color ou the south side, while on the northern side it remains sticky longer and gets cov ered with insects and dirt, seldom drying but to more than a dirty gray in color. On large trees that have rough bark, especially during the full and winter months, the nests aud webs of insects, spiders, etc., will always be found in the crevices on the south side. A pre ponderance of the large branches will also be found ou the warmest or south ern side of the trees. Also, the nee dles of all the above-mentioned trees are shorter, dryer and of a yellowish green on the southern side, while they will be found longer, more slender and pliable, damper to tbe touch and darker green in color ou the north !F0R BOYS AND'GIRLS. A Farmer on Toll Koads. A veteran Michigan farmer, writing to tho Grand Rapids Press, says: “Toll roads do not meet the wants of the farmer; he wants free roads, not toll roads, snd wants all who use them to help make them at a cost that will not be burdensome on the farnJkr. The toll roads are too costly for the farmer. To get the products of the farm to market ho now pays enough taxes in the way of tolls to pay for tho toll roads in five years at a price they could be built for now. Though the tax is paid indirectly it is paid. Farmers, as a class, are opposed to monopolies, and yet they grant fran chises to toll road companies which are, on a small scale, greater monopo lies than any of the railroad corpora tions of the State. “These toll roads are not only a public nuisance, bnt the owners of them are the worst tax dodgers of the State, railroad corporations not ex cepted. The farmers in many parti of the county cannot get into the city without being compelled to pay a toll, or else drive a long distance out of their way. The farmer’s wife cannot get into the city with a small basket of eggs, or a few pounds of butter, without paying toll almost as much as she receives for what she has to ■ell. “Tho farmer is opposed to high rates of interest, ami if he wants to borrow money and the lender charged him fifteen per cent, for the use of it, ho would decline the offer with indigna tion, and yet the same farmer votes franchises to corporations which make side. The cedars and hemlocks, as if him pay, though indirectly, but none SOME GOOD STORIES FOR OUR JUNIOR READERS. Caaen, the • Tartar Dwarf—If Word* Were Spelled as They Boned—How to Make Fadgee — A Deg. Laaghlag Tbe Hand of Lincoln- cast. the trying to outdo the others, always bend their slender tops of new growth toward a southern sky. The hardwood trees are equally ns communicative, and have all the char acteristics, so fsr as regards their trunks, as the coniferous trees, except the absence of gums; but this is more than made up by the fungus growth of mold and mosses that is very no ticeable on the north side of these trees. The ledges of rocks, which may be part of stupendous mountains, or merely an occasional cropping out here and there in the woods, or per haps some great boulder alone by it self, a silent witness of tbe glacial peri od, all alike testify to the effect of light and shade. Tho sunny side will usually be bare, or at most only boast of a thin growth of harsh, dry kinds of mosses, that will only grow when amnutei^c^^^^ growth of soft damp mosses that love the shade, while every crevice will bear aloft beautiful and gracefully waving ferns. The forest floor on the sunny siAe of hills, ridges, clumps of trees, bush es, big rocks, etc., is mure noisy un der the footfall than ou the northern side of such places, where the dead leaves aud litter are soft and dump, holding more moisture than in places exposed to the light of the sun. In an open country nearly void of timber clumps of small bushes during summer will furnish all the conditions found to exist among the leaves of the trees, being equally sensitive to light and shade as are the mouarchs of the woods. The landscape green, with moving grasses and beautiful to the eye, which feasts on the countless numbers of wild flowers, representing every form and hue known in the flowery kingdom, also furnishes a re liable guide for locating the cardinal points, ns most wild flowers, especial ly the long-stemmed varieties, hide their faces from the north, and like the sunflower turn toward a southern sky. Large boulders, clumps of small bushes, mounds and small hummocks, all testify, too, for the ground around such places exposed to the sun will be burned nearly bare of vegetation, or parched np until of a dead-grass color; while ou the shady side it will befonnd quite green, and often here and there are growing mosses aud ferns of rare beanty, which thrive only where they have moisture and shade.—Forest and Stream. Simple Fire KxtlngaUher. A simple fire extinguisher can be made at a very little cost. If twenty pounds of common salt and ten pounds of sal-ammoniac are dissolved in seven gallons of water, and the mixturo afterward put into quart bottles of thin glass, the grenades so made will be found to be very efficient for ex tinguishing small outbreaks of fire. The bottles should be tightly covked aud sealed so as to prevent evapora tion, and when a fire occurs they must be throw n in or near the flames so as to break, and thns liberate the gas contained to effect the desired object. —Pall Mall Gazette. llurirU In Siimr. It is an inexplicable fact that men buried in an avalanche of snow hear distinctly every word uttered bythose who are seeking for them, while their most strenuous shouts fail to pene trate even a •few feet of the snow. .. . | ' . . • ' s $ Artificial legs are to be made with pneumatic feet, to lessen the jar <jn the body when walking. ... the less surely, over twenty-five per J cent, on the money used to build toll ! roads for his accommodation, if the cost of the roads was figured at what it would cost to build them at the present time. The railroads of the State arc required by law to pay taxes on gross receipts, but the toll roads only on net receipts. The toll-road lobbyist, when at Lansing, bents the railroad lobbyist two to one. You truly say that it is somewhat surpris ing that the farmers, in view of all the facts, are not more generally in favor of a systepi that will give better roads.” Cdncatlon In Road-Making. The Rhode Island Agricultural College has made a new departure in its work of education that deserves imitation by other institutions of that charaoter. Its faculty has established tment for instruction mologicalTy applicable to the pro posed course of instruction, which covers two years, and the announce ment of tho details is interesting. The plan is about to be put into op eration after consultation with Gen eral Roy Stone, the road expert of tho United States Department of Agricul ture, and its advocates are enthusias tic in their predictions that it will bring intelligent industry to bear in improving the highways and byways of the tidy little commonwealth. It is required that graduates from this school shall be competent to draw specifications and contracts, to man age all the machinery used in scientific road-building, and to be familiar with every detail of the profession of road engineering. For instance, candidates must pass an examination which in cludes algebra and geometry | to the extent required for admission to any college. The instruction includes English literatnre, higher geometry, trigonometry, surveying, electrical mechanics, physical geography, min eralogy, geology and steam engineer ing. But this is not all. That there is no “royal read to knowledge” will be sternly impressed upon the aspirants to the degree of road engineer by a novel requirement. For one month each spring the students will be ex pected to work ten hours e day at ac tual road-making, moluding all the mechanical appliances, from wielding tbe piek and ahovel to running the most elaborste machinery. While other oollegians are training in such athletics as rowing, running, leaping, baseball and football, these sturdy youths of Rhode Island will be bend ing their backs, strengthening their muscles and expanding their lungs in improving and extending those high ways which are the bands of civiliza tion. May their ways be ways of pleasantness and all their paths be peace.—New York Mail and Express. OOK on this and know hand That bore a nation In Its hold; From this muto wit ness understand •What Lincoln was —how large of mold. The man who sped the woodman's team, And deepes t sunk the plowman's share. And pushed the laden raft astream. Of fate before him unaware. This was the hand that knew to swing The ax—since thus would freedom train Her son—and made the forest ring. And drove the wedge, and toiled amain. Firm hand, that loftier office took. A conscious leader's will obeyed. And, when men sought his word *nd look, ■With steadfast might the gathering swayed. No courtier’s, toying with a sword. Nor minstrel’s, laid across a lute; • A chief's, uplifted to tho Lord When all the kings of earth were mute. The hand of Anak, sinewed strong. The Angers that on greatness clutch; Yet, lo! the marks their lines along Of one who strove and suffered much. For here In knotted cord and vein I trace the varying chart of years; I know tho troubled heart, the strain. The w eight of Atlas—and tbe tears. Again I see the patient brow That palm erewhlle was wont to press; And now 'tls furrowed deep, and now blade smooth with hope and tender ness. For something of a formless graes This molded outline plays about; A pitying flame, beyond our trace. Breathes like a spirit, in and out— The love that cast an aureole Round one who, longer to endure. Called mirth to ease his ceaseless dola. Yet kept his nobler purpose sure. Lo, as I gaze, the statured man. Built up from yon large hand, appears; A type that nature wills to plan But once in all a people’s years. What better than this voiceless cast To tell of such a one as he, Since through its living semblance passed The thought that bade a race be free! a walnut Fudges must be stirred constantly, and when removed from the fire should be beaten briskly until they harden; then spread on a butter ed platter, cut into small squares and set out of doors to cool; if nut* are added they should be chopped and put into the sirup when it Is taken off the stove; English walnuts or pecans are best There’s only one trouble about fudges. They look so appetizing that you can’t wait for them to cool. And they taste so,good that they don’t last any time at all. By the time they’re done they're eaten, and every one want more. So make a lot!—Chicago Record. Aid From th* Hallways. In a number of States the railroads have shown a disposition to help the cause of better highways by trans porting material for road building at very low figures. It is now reported that a railway in Indiana is hauling without charge, and dumping at any designated point along its right of way, all the crushed stone needed by the commissioners of Green County. If one will do it, others certainly will fol low. Deacon Jonathan Hayes, who wound the first wire rake ever made, lives in Middleton Springs, Yt., at the age of ninety, aud is in perfect health, and can read without glasses. * If Words Were Spelled as They Sonnd. Spell pique, catalogue, phthisis and a few other words of like character and you will not wonder that foreigners have so much trouble in learning Eng lish. Owing to silent letters and let ters having several different sounds, English is said to be the most difficult of all modern languages to spell. For this reason scholars and societies have been trying to Institute a spelling re form, but they are uot very successful. 1’eople learn how to spell when they arc children, and they don’t like to change. Still, there are many peoplo who now write though, “tho”; cata logue, "catalog”, and programme “pro gram,” and so on. A writer in a re cent publication pokes fun at the re forms proposed, and publishes this lit tle verse to show how queer our lan guage would look If all the words were spelled just as they sound: *'Litl Will had a monki Claiming up a yelo stlk; HI sukt dhi yelo pant ol of. It mad him dethli slk; Dhi burning top is salient now, Dhl bol iz lad asald. And dhl munkl duzent jump around Sins litl Will daid!” Cason, the Tartar Dwarf. Roberts sribes the famous Casan. Mrs. erts says: Casan was the name of a little Mon gol Tartar who flourished In the early part of the thirteenth century. He was born in the eastern part of Asia, not far from the ancient city of Karakorum. His parents belonged to one of the barbian hordes that owed al legiance to Genghis Khan, and Casan became a fierce though small warrior, and fought bravely under the banner of the great and mighty Mongol con queror. The exact height of this little dwarf is unknown. He was certainly not over three feet tall, but he was active and muscular, and like all his race, could endure hunger, thirst, fatigue and cold. The Tartars were unexcelled in the management of their beautiful horses. The fleetest animals were trained to stop short in full career, and to face without flinching wild beast or for midable foe. Casan was a born sol dier, and at an early age became ex pert in all the exercises that belonged to a Tartar education. He could man age a fiery courser with great skill, and could shoot an arrow or throw a lance with unerring aim, in full career, ad vancing or retreating. Like many of those small in stature, he was anything but puny In spirit, and while yet a lad he gathered about him a troop of wild young Tartar boys as reckless and daring as himself, of whom by common consent he became a leader. He commanded his lawless young comrades with a strange mix ture of dignity and energy, and they obeyed his orders with zeal and will ingness. Sometimes they would go on long hunting expeditions, seldoni fail ing to lay waste any lonely habitation they happened on. How to Make Fadgee. It Isn’t “Oh, fudge!” any more. It’s "Oh, fudges!” And aren’t they good! Any one who has ever eaten fudges— stuck as full of nuts as Jacky Horner’s pie was of plums—will know thht they eclipse anything every invented In the line of goodies. They aren't so hard to make, either, when you once know how. But you must follow directions closely, for fudges can cut up the most unusual and extraordinary antics. If not made exactly right they will crum ble or refuse to harden. Here Is a good recipe and it won’t fail you: Take three cups of granulated sugar, one cup of sweet milk and two squares of the best chocolate, which, of course, must be grated; let these boll for eleven minutes; just before the time is up add a piece of butter the size of it.':. Dogs Laugh, Too. Of course dogs laugh. Every boy who has a pet terrier or mastiff or Newfoundland knows it well enough, but it is only recently that scientists have begun to study the subject. A Frenchman has found that the dog and the bear and a very few other animals actually have smile muscles iu their face, and the picture here given Is from a photograph of a fox terrier owned by the scientist. He believes that dogs show their joy and delight by smiling Just as a boy or girl would do, and he says that some dogs are so amiable that they seem to “iinUe all over,” from their wagging tails io their faces. A monkey, although high er In the scale of animal life, is al ways sorrowful faced, and in this spect the dog is ahead of him. longer can it be said that man is only animal that laughs.—Ex. Hoys Learn to He Firemen. Instead of having military drill the boys of the Cambridge (Mass.) Manual Training school are learning to be firemen. It is perhaps the only school for firemen in the world. It is not the object, of course, to msAe firemen out of the boys, but to glvs them cool ness, courage and promptness in tbe face of emergencies, as well as to make them ready and efficient in case a fire breaks out and there are no reg ular firemen near at hand. No boy is allowed to take the work unless he is sound physically, and before he can try the more dangerous exercises of ladder-running and the use of the life line he is compelled to harden ^.s muscles with “setting up exercises.” The school possesses a complete fire apparatus, including engines, trucks, ladders and hose-carts, and the boys learn every detail of the work from splicing a hose to running up a lad der. A Dropptag-lu Partr. Surprise parties are rather out of date now, bnt there’s a “dropplng-ln ’ party that’s heaps more fun. The guests. Instead of coming In a crowd, “drop in” at intervals of five minutes. Of course the “surprised one” never knows when all the guests have ar rived. Each one brings some goodv— cakes or nuts or oranges or candy— and when all have “dropped in” the spread takes place. Of course the sur prised one’s mother must be In the secret % ttSSSSS J ; s McC»lI. county treacurcr ol liaUlilt.V ptr MUUaaz**. R MchBXPoy.’- ] Sheriff Florence County. 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