Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Of Inte: W. R. GA Special Stalk Destruction Issue of The Weekly News Notes: The Weekly News Notes, the Ex tension Service publication, devotes particularly all its space in the cur rent issue to the fall and winter fight against the boll weevil. This matter is of such importance that I 4eel that we could not do better than (leovte our space in the local paper to runn ing a copy of this material. Read what Texas thinks of the im portance of this phase of weevil con trol, and what is being done in other sections of South Carolina. , Kill Next Year's Weevils Now Clemson College-Cleaning of the fields the destruction of the stalks, and the planting of cover crops con stitute the most powerful weapons for weevil fighting now in the hands of the farmer, says Prof. A. F. Con radi, Entomologist, who says that by efficient fall farm management the farmer can dictate to a great extent how many weevils shall pass the win ter on the farm. Though much warning has already been given by the entomologists, and though county agents are preaching stalk destruction right and left, many farmers are apparently not convinced of the need for immediate stalk .de struction, says Prof. Conradi, and do not realize that this is practically the most important single step in any system of fighting the weevil. Boll weevils multiply in cotton un til frost kills it. Many thousands of weevils occur in each acre of cotton. Weevils hibernate, that is they pass the winter, only in the full grown stage. Ilibernation usually begins begins with the coming of the first killing frost. They hibernate princi pally in cotton fields, and standing stalks make for them splendid winter homes. The most favorable condition, therefore, for the successful hiberna tion for boll weevils is found in fields where the cotton stalks, grass, weeds, dead leaves, etc., are left during the winter. Under such conditions the farmers may expect the greatest num ber of weevils to survive the winter. There is little prospect for successful cotton growing under such conditions. The earlier the cotton stalks are destroyed, the fewer the weevils that will survive the winter, and consequently the smallc: the daim age to the next crop. As far as possible, the stalks should be de stroyed two weeks before the first killing frost. In some sections the stalks aro uprooted. piled and burned. This method is a very serious disadvant age in destroying a large amount of vegetable matter which should be turned under. Whenever the T.1 ner is equipped with plows and mules so that the stalks may be l turned under five to six inches after they have been cut down with the chopper, it is a very effective pl a A less effective method is to graze , off all green rotton within a period of a fc w days. Whatever method one em ploys, the destruction of } stalks inst he thorough. The following are a few of the many a(vantages secured from elen im the fields and dlestroyintg the stalks. 1. A great many full growvn wee v'ils are tilled out right. 2. Manty young stages in thte plantts are killed. The t'ull groiwn weev'ilIs ntot kitlled are weak1eed by stariva tion if the stalks ar'e dlest roved two to three weeksy befori'e th. first fro st. :md~l these w I not have sutlicient strengt ta pa ss thle winitei' suc c4. Theil remioval Iof the stal ks Ca cilitait fall ilowing and the plant mog of cour crops. ly in dest royingt the winter homes and the winter( food' lant is of' oither ijur11 oiou iets :of the fa rm. Hotl W eevil Iin ofI talk iget hor wi th fall ceaon. ingh t1onn: lilt reogn'tized ais one We represent t Bank of Coluimbi Loan Act, and ha companies lendin control nearly a ht If the security Vn' size rest to I Edited by AY, County Demonstratd )lnice Phone 247-Residence Phone 1 of the most simportant steps in con trolling the weevil for the succeeding season and although a farmer, prac ticing this by himself obtains impor tant benet from it, the great need for community co-operation in this work can not be over-estimated. While it is a well known fact that the weevil will have his fall migration period from year to year, yet this pest mi grates more or less at other seasons of the year. After the cotton is de stroyed by frost ,the pest migrates to gnd suitable winter quarters and of course in the spring it must again migrate more or less to find cotton fields for food. For this reason the greatest amount of benefit for this operation is obtained where farmers of a community band together and carry out a definite fall destruction and farm cleaning program. The earlier in the fall this is done the more effective it will be. Cotton picking should be rushed as fast as possible and no time should be lost in getting this program in op eration. Destroy the Weevil's Winter Resorts Clemson College-"The earlier cot ton stalks and other hibernating place are destroyed," says Prof. A. F. Con radi, entomologist, in discussing boll weevil control, "the fewer weevils /survve the winter. In infested fields it is common to find weevils at the rate of 5,000 to 25,000 per acre at the time of first frost. It is a well known fact," Prof. Conradi ex plains, "that the weevils develop ing late in the fall are the ones most likely ' survive the winter, as they are not worn out by long fights and the rearing of the young, as are the older weevils. For this reason developments of weevils in late fall must be prevented as the first step in making the next crop. . An interesting point in this con nection is the fact that experiments in Louisiana showed that when cot ton stalks were destroyed before October 15, only 3 per cent of the weevils survived the winter, where as destruction of stalks on October 27 allowed 15 per cent to survive; Nov. 25, 22 per cent; Dec. 27, 29 per cent; between Dec. 15 and Jan. 15, 43 per cent. It is clear, therefore, that the earlier the stalks are de stroyed, the more effective the re sults will be, but that where early destruction is impossible, it is bet ter late than never. The planting of a winter cover crop in the present cotton fields is also urged as a most important means of weevil destruction since weevils can not live through the winter in a growing cover crop, such as rye, oats and vetch, or clover, for the reason that in order to sur vive the winter the weevil must "dry sut" to the extent of losing one-third of his body moisture and this he can not (10 in a field where a cover crop is growing. Cotton stalks not plowed under or burnted in a field to be planted to a cover crop should he cut to pieces and thrown to the ground as early as possihle by a stalk cutter so that they may be covered by the grow ing cover crop and thus absorb moisture, which mieans dleath to the wveev i. St ill another step which should he a ken nlow is the cleaning up of diitch batnks, fence rows, and othier pilaces where rubbish and trash ac cumiulalte0 it and aroundl the fields. What Texas Says About Destroyinig CottIon Stalks Stervice of Clemson Clle:- has beent th, f a and winter clean-up of cottoin filds~ andI hiblernaiting pilaces of the holl wveevilI an oneo of then most eflec t t 1tive easres ofV weevilI conmt r. To show that t his is adlvocated and prac tir'(l ini Tlexas the gre0at(st cot ton ele is qutotedi fro, mlhe Texas8t Exten.. sion Stervice 'a rmo News. 1'rescnt ctnitioniis in Sou'th Carom ill Iparts of the stat catiton picking ialready pract illy comptjletedt, andI farmers erin turn I attntioni to stal k list rutioni . 'The earilier the clean-up icy to Le he First Carolinas J a, organized under ti ye connelction with m ionecy in the coun ailf rnillion dollars of is right we can arrai DuRant i MA NT iarmers on Agent ' 38 the more effective will be the weevil control. Read These Twenty Statements From Texas 1. Weevil infestation, in spring, starts from the few weevils that pass the winter. 2. The weevils, developing late in the fall, are the ones most likely to survive the winter. 3. Many weevils will survive the winter in fields where cotton stalks, together with grass, weeds and other refuse material offering shelter, are allowed to remain. 4. Great nlmbers successfully pass the winter in Spanish moss and in dead grass along fences ,ditches and other waste places. 5. The weevil eats only cotton. 6. The weevil breeds only in squares and bolls. 7. The weevil can live for several months without food while hibernat ing and inactive. 8. It does not become inactive until the first killing frosts. 9. Previous to the first killing frosts, it can live for only about six days without food. 10. Killing cotton growth early prevents new weevils breeding and permits only the older ones to en ter hibernation. 11. Very few of these older wee vils have sufficient vitality to pass the winter successfully. 12. Killing cotton growth early removes the food of the weevil. If the growth of cotton is entirely killed as early as two weeks before frosts, practically all weevils will starve before going into winter quarters. 13. Destroy cotton growth early; if possibly, by October 1. 14. Merely chopping or clipping the stalks will not answer, the stumps will throw out new growth ideal fo rweevil food. 15. Kill the plant entirely and prevent new growth by setting a plow shallow and burning out the plants, or by some equally effective means. 0 16. Do not burn crop refuse on the fields. Texas farms need this returned to the soil humus. Mere ly killing the plants as suggested in No. 15 will, in most cases, secure the benefit aimed at. 17. Burn the trash along fences, ditches and other such waste places, in mid-winter, and thus destroy the individuals hibernating there (see Nos. 4 and 16.) 18. A farmer cannot prevent wee vils coming to his cotton in the spring that another person has win tered. 10. Big things are accomplished only by co-operation. 20. Organize a whole community for the fight. How to Destroy Cotton Stalks Clemson College-Practically every 'scientist ,farnier and every one else who has given any thought to the matter at all, has agreed that the cot ton stalks should be destroyed as soon after picking is finished as possible, as one of the most important steps in lighting the boll weevil, but there is still some confusion as to the best methods of destroying the stalks, says. Prof. C. P. Blackwvell, Agrono mist, who makes the followving sug gestions: D~ecidedly the best methods is to plow the stalks undler thoroughly as soon1 as poss5ib)le. If a farmer has good plows and goodl teams and hiis stalks are small ,this is not a dliflicult mater, but it can not. be (done efl'ee tively wvith a oine-horse 1)low and a small mule. Stalks of average size can he turuned under with a walking plow an td two atverage mules or hor's es. Practically any kind of sta4ka can he tur ined n uder with a thraee-horse r'iding plow if a wv'eed hook or we cha in is used(. La rge plows andl tractoirs can turn any size of stalks etl'ectiv~ely. It is not necessary to cut the stalks before plowing them un (ler. Ini fact ,they Luran under ,mnehl better it' noit cut first. If a fa rmer wishes to plant a small grain crop0l after his cotton and can not get h is coue picked andl ~nd ! oint Stock Land ae Federal .Farm several insurance ty. In addition we p~rivate loan funds. ige farrn loans of a Ellerbe, JING South Carolinnn The packaF Your taste The sales p Over 7 billi LtaGr & MYERS TOBACCO CO. his land turned in time to plant his small grain, then the best meth ad is to plant the grain in his cot ton middles early, and when frost has killed the stalks they may be :ut with a stalk cutter and destroy Ad very effectively. It is true that this does not get the stlaks into the ground but it does get them :own in the green grain crop where the weevil can not live throughout the winter. During the early days of fighting the weevil sonic entomologists rec ommended the burning of stalks as a method of destruction, and many farmers have practiced it, but this practice has in nearly all cases prov en very bad; and it is a particular ly bad practice in South Carolina, because our soils are deficient in or ganic matter. In fact, lack of or ganic matter is our first limiting factor in cro pproduction, while a good supply of organic matter is the very foundation of our boll wee vil fight and is a first essential to successful cotton production under boll weevil conditions. When we burn our stalks we burn the organic matter which is so essential to suc eess, and no greater mistake can be madle in fighting the boll wveevil. Let us plowV our stalks under or cut them down in a cover crop wi',h ai stalk cutter but let us never burn them. STATVE BUDGET COMMISSION Columbia, Nov. 7.--The state budget commission is in the mlidst of its an nual budget hearings, for various dec partments of state government, wvith a vie wof gathering dlata oi which to baise thec budget for next year's apipro priation bill, the annual finance men sure adloptedl by the legislature. 'The commission has heard about a iozenl departmnent leads, with regardl to their needls for next year, andl a half hundred more are yet to heard. CITATION NOTICE State of South Carolina, Countty of Charendon, By J. M. Windham Probate Judge: Whereas, Charles R. Ragin made suit to me to grant him letters of Admuinistra tion of the Estate and ef fects of Cherry Bowman. These are therefore to cite and ad monish all and singular the kindred and credlitors of the said Cherry Bow man deceased, that they be and appear before me in the Court of Probate, to be held at Manning on 13th day of 'Novemnbey, next after publicationl hereof, at 11 (o'clock ini the forenoon to show cause, if any they have, why the awinuistration should not. be gralnte.c. G;iven under my hand this 1st day of November, Aunno Djominii, 1922. .J. M. Windhamn, Ju dge of Probate. G. C. COOPER, Licensed. Optometerist EYES Carefully Examined, Glasses Fitted, Broken L:.nses Duplicated. Satisfaction Guaranteed SU MT ER, S . C. ;e suggests it. confirms it. rove it. )ml-sold yearly hest" CIGAR] Some of the larger departments are yet to report. The secretary of state, co)mptroller general, state treasurer, adjutant general department of pr'it ing, the welfare board, the indust -al schools and one or two small depart ments have been heard. No hearings have been held this week, Governor Harvey being in Let Us Prot< Rain In: We Insure The F. N. Wilsi Insi Manuh1 Thos. V. ls epeetz comrissonedto ake he nna th gav o Aea'Unow MrWChennan the Wriar MSti gp */ Convenient package --Iassine-wrapped. rfleld. ITTES foI0 Charleston for the first two days of the week. SPECIAL SESSIO NOF CONGRESS Washington, Nov. 7.-President Harding. expects to issue a call Thursday or Friday for a special ses sion of congress, convening 'Novem ber 20th, it was announced at the White House today. ct You With surance! Also Dogs! irance Agency, g, S.C. *'. (h ere sigo, wn t k t eekkjarieda hue weat r buie 'n rs. Pht hw