Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VOL. XXVIII. MANNING, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 7, 1915. TRED TO ESCAPE LINER AMENIAN RACED AWAY WHEN HAILED BY SUB DEFTROYED BY SHELLS Diplomatic Tension Relieved When News Comes of Submarine's Efforts to Halt Ship Before Sinking Her Captain Trickey Proud of His At tempt to Outwit Captor. Information on which to base an accurate judgment of circumstances under which the British steamer Ar menian was destroyed with the loss of American lives was lacking Thurs day night and until details are avail able Secretary Lansing said the posi tion of the United States could not be determined. From rews dispatches, however, and a closer reading of official re ports official- were inclined in the view that as the Armenian apparent ly refused to h-lt at the command of the German submarine, according to international law the sinking of the vessel was justified, even though non combatants were on board. There was little tension over the incident after it became known the Armenian had sought to evade cap ture. It was admitted that If official reports bore out press dispatches there was no likelihood that any com plaint would be added to issues be tween the United States and Ger many. One or two officials suggested that since Germany had given warning that enemy ships would be torpedoed without warning, a merchantman car rying contraband might be justified in attempting to escape. Others, however, declared rules of warfare do not require a commander to state his purpose when directing a merchantman to halt. The only fact of importance receiv ed officially by the state department was in a report fron Ambassador Page who said the British admiralty had informed him the Armenian was "engaged in admiralty business." De partment officials declared the ques tion of whether a ship so engaged should be treated by hostile vessels as a ship of war or a defenseless mer chantmen was "a close question of in ternational law." ' When it was suggested to officials that If the Armenian were a public ship of war she could not have sailed from the United States without vio lating neutrality, it was pointed out that the supreme 'court had ruled that tho chartering of a vessel by a foreign consul for his government to transport munitions of war or sup plies did not constitute a violation of federal statutes. In case the ves sel loaded to supply 'a belligerent fleet at sea, however, the United States has ruled that such ships must be treated as ships' of war. Capt. Trickey of the Armenian in an interview said he surrendered to the German submarine only when his ship was afire in three' places, her engines were out of .ction, and a dozen of the crew had been killed by shrapnel fire. Most of the menbers *of the crew who perished, Capt. Trickey sai&i were Americans. "The submarine, as a signal for us to stop," said Capt. Trickey, "first putt a couple of shots across our bowc when we were four miles off. I put my. stern to him and ran for it. "The submarine then began to shell us in earnest, the . shrapnel bursting all around us, killing several of- the crew and knocking others overboard. I soon realized that the enemy wasgaininy on us, but I did not propose to surrender without a strug gle, but my steering gear was soon hit and placed out of commission. Then a shell fell into the engine room and another carried the Marcon' house away. Still another cut down the funnel and disabled the stokers "By this time the ship was on fire in three places and I decided to sur render. We had resisted the enemy for an hour, and twelve or thirteen men lay dead-on the deck. "The submarine commander then forced me to clear ship and at seven minutes past eight the Armenian went down, shattered by two torpe does. "I must say that- the submarine commander showed us every fairness after we had given up, .picking up many of the crew who, because of a amaged boat, had fallen into the watr "Most of the crew who perished were Americans." One of the Armenian's officers said the German submarine which sank the freighter was of the latest type. big and speedy. "The submarine came towards us at a great rate," he said. "As she drew near w'e could made out some of the ci'ew on deck. The captair was dressed in brown overalls. As we tried to escape she greeted us wit1 a storm of shrapnel. The first she1' to find its mark burst on the star board deck, kil!ng ten men. The wireless operator stuck to his post tc the last, sending S. 0. S. signals unti' his apparatus failed. We surrender ed only when we saw that escape was hopeless, hove to, lifted the wounded into boats. Four of these died and were buried at sea. London evening papers did not print the. fact that the Armenian was engaged in admiralty business. All refer to the incident as "sinking of Leyland liner" and all emphasize the "sensation created in America."~ It was some time afterwards when a message.. came from Washington saying that Ambassador Pas' had ad vised the state department of the ship's correct status. GERMAN NOTE JULY 4? Tansing Doesn't Excpect Lusitania Re ply Before Then. Secrets~ry Lansing indicated Fri day that he does not expect that Ger many's reply to the latest American note regarding the Lusitania incident will be transmitted until July 4, at least. According to Berlin press ad vices, the answer is now before Em peror William :t army headquarters .A delay until next week will bring the new German note to Washington after Presid 2nt Wilson's return from Cornish. Zeppelin Destroyed Friday. Amsterdam sends a report that a Zeppelin was accidentatlly destroyed by an explosion Friday when leaving its shed at Brrssels. BOMB WRECKS ROOM IN NATIONAL CAPITOL Explosion Occurs Shortly Before Mid night Friday-Damage Not Yet 3ade Public. A tremendous explosion, believed to have been caused by some kind of bomb or infe-rnal machine, wrecked the public reception room on the east side of the capitol building at Wash ington shortly before midnight Fri day night. No one was injured. Officials believe that the explosive was placed by a crank who desired to create a sensation. Visitors were allowed in the room during the day and a timed machine might have been left without attracting attention. Superintendent Wood, of the capi tol building, summoned by the panic stricken watchmen, made a hurried investigation and then telephoned for an expert on explosives. Until the expert has made his report no of ficial statement concerning the inci dent will be made public. The doors of the capitol were clos ed immediately after the explosion and no one was permitted to enter while the investigation was under way. While the origin of the explo sion had not been explainedi some reports in circulation said it might have been caused by a bomb. Reports said the windows in the reception room had been blown out, that an immense plate glass mirror had been demolished and that part of the ceiling and walls were torn dqwn. The explosion was heard for sev eral blocks. Persons who reached the capitol soon after the explosion occurred said they noticed the odor of burning powder, which persisted for some time. Elliott Wood, superintendent of the capitol building, Sergeant-at Arms Higgins, of the Senate, and the head of the capitol police, who direct ed the inquiry, refuse'd to give any theory of the cause of the explosion until the investigation was complet ed. IF NEGRO IS TAKEN TO S. C. WOULD MEAN LYNhING Governor of Pennsylvania Withdraws Requisition for Joe Grant Manning Telegraphs. Gov. Brumbaugh of Pennsylvania, it was learned Friday, has withdrawn a requisition warrant issued by Gov. Tener in 1913 for Fred Brown, alias Joe Grant, a negro wanted in South Carolina on a charge of murder. Representations were made to the governor that the prisoner would be in danger of lynching is returned to the southern state. Brown's counsel have made extra ordinary efforts to keep him out of South Carolina. In support of their plea that he would be in danger of lynching they quoted public utter ances of Cole Blease, then governor of South Carolina. A requisition was issued, however, by Gov. Tener and Brown's counsel carried the case to the United States supreme court which sustained the lower courts in refusing to interfere. In asking w'thdrawal of the re quisition by Gov. Brumbaugh, coun sel cited incidents in connection with the Frank case in Georgia and a re cent lynching in South Carolina. A hearing in the case v-ill be given by Gov. Brumbaugh next week. A Columbia dispatch says that Fred Brown, alias Joe Grant. was in dicted in the South Carolina courts for the alleged murder of J. F. Durst, a white man at Johnson on April 14, 19 06. Attorney General Peeples Friday telegraphed a request to the attorney general of Pennsylvania asking that he arrange a hearing before Gov. Brumbaugh when arguments will be submitted for this state relative to the withdrawal by the Pennsylvania overnor of the requisition warrant for the return to South Carolina of Fred Brown, a negro wanted at Lex ington, for mturder. Gov. Manning telegraphed Gov. Brumbaugh a request that this hear ing be granted. SUBMARINES SINK FIVE BRITISh ShIPS 'FRIDAY Undersea Boats Are Showing Increas ed Activity and Find Many Victims. Three British steamers, the Ingle moor, the Caucasian and the Wel bury, were torpedoed and sunk Fri day by a German submarine. The :rews of the Inglemoor and the Cau rasian were landed at Falmouth. The rew of the Welbury is safe. The 'aucasian sailed from London June ~8 for Jacksonville, Fla. The commander of the submarine was delighted on learning that the teamer Welbury carried a cargo of ugar. After the ship left Cuba it was decovered that some one hadi nainted inside the vessel's forehold he words: "You have a cargo of sugar for England, but you will never et there." The Caucasian was a tank steamer f 4.656 tons gross. On her last eastern voyage she left Port Arthur. May 12 and Newport News May 29 for Dartmouth. She was 365 feet 1ong and was owned by the Petrol eum Steamship company of London. The Inglemoor left Bahai Blanca, Argentina, March 31 for Naples. She was of 4,313 gross tons, 363 feet long and was owned by W. Runisman and Company of London. The Welbury left Kingston, Ja maica, May 22, by way of Matanzas. Cuba. June 8 for a port in the' United Kingdom. The Welbury was of 3.591 tons gross and thror hundred and forty feet long. Her owners were the Burg Shipping company, Ltd.. of Hartlepool. The British :chooner L. C. Tower, which left Parrsboro. N. S.. June i for Newport, England, was sunk off Fastnet Friday by a German sub marine. The undersea boat then sank a bark six miles away. The crew of nine of the schooner was landed at Queenstown. Arras Reported in Flames. Paris reports Friday that Arras is in flames as a result of the heavy German bombardment. Greeks Invade Albania. A dispat-h from Montenegro Fr! day says that Greek fores have in 194,521 RUSSIANS TAKEN PRISONERS DURING JUNE London Says Austro-German Drive Northward Into Poland Gains Momentum. Captures by the German and Aus tro-Hungarian armies in their opera toins for the month of June number ed 194,521 officers and men and vast supplies of munitions, according to latest official communications from Berlin and Vienna. A continuance of the advance of the Austro-Germans in Galicia and Poland is' reported with the Russians continuing their. retreat at nearly all points. London reports: The Austro-Ger man drive northward into Poland from Galicia is gaining momentum and England is puzzled as to wheth er the German purpose is to make a concentrated offensive to force the Russians froult the southeastern tip of Galicia. Whatever the ultimate object is, fighting along the Guila Lipa river has not abated and Berlin not only records progress here .but also fur ther north in the are around Lemberg and between the Vistula and the Bug rivers. The Austro-German forces on this front are estimated at 2,000,000. They are not far from the Zamosc fortress, 25 miles north of the Gali ian frontier. Only a hundred miles to the north is the great Russian base Brest-Lit ovsk, linked with Warsaw by impor tant railways and lying almost due east of the Polish capital. The development of the Galician campaign has created a situation en tirely unexpected by the allies. The British press frankly concedes that the invasion of Russia is serious. The papers, however, put faith in Russia's campaign for the production of more munitions. Berlin reports: "Our positions in the east are unchanged. The booty taken during July' amounts to two 'lags and 25,695 prisoners, of whom 120 were officers, seven cannon, six mine throwers, 52 machine guns and De aeroplane, besides much material f war. "Southeastern theatre: After bitter fighting the troops under Gen. von Linsingen stormed the Russian posi tions east of -the Gnila Lipa river ear Kunicze and Luezynce and to the north of Rohatyn. Three officers tnd 2.328 men were made prisoners tnd five machine guns were captured. "East of Lemberg the Austro-Hun arian troops have pressed forward to the enemy positions. The army ander Field Marshall von Mackensen s continuing to press forward be ween the Bug and Vistula rivers. est of the Vistula, after stubborn ighting by the Russians, the Teutonic xllies are advancing on both sides of amenna in pursuit. "The total amount of captures dur ng June made by the Teutonic allied roops under Gen. von Linsingen, Field Marshal von Mackensen, and ;en. von Woyrich amounts to 409 of lers and 140,650 men and 80 can ion and 268 machine guns." A TERRIBLE TRAGEDY Bodies of Three White Men Found in Georgia River. The bodies of three white men, all 1 earing pistol wounds, have been ~ound in the Chattahoochee river, iear Blanton's Ferry, 15 miles south f West Point, Ga., within the last ours of Fri-iay. They have been dentified as those of Mack and Epps dfelton, brothers, of Harris county, a., and J. S. Leak, of Riverview, Epps Melton, who was a carpenter, as tried and acquitted in the Fulton uounty court last month on the ~harge of murdering Mans Teal, In {arris county. His body was recov red Friday morning. The head, which bore a pistol wound and other narks of violence, was weighted own by a heavy rock. A coroner's Jury which held an1 nquest over the bodies of Mack Mel- 1 :on and Leak, found that the two nen had come to their deaths by pis :o1 wounds and acts of violence at1 :he hands of unknown persons. The Melton brothers had been1 r-orkng as carpenters on a new1 d.ethodist church at Lanett, Ala. Lea, a painter, was employed on the same building. They were last seen Lt Ossanippa last Saturday afternoon when they left the train there to spend Sunday at the Melton home. rhe sheriffs of Harris county, Ga., tnd Lee county, RIa., are on the ;cene making an investigation. TENSION IS NOW RELAXED Unofficial Reports Indicate German Commander Acted Within Law. Tension over the destruction of the British steamer Armenian with the oss of a number of American lives as considerably relaxed Friday fol owing the reccipt in Washington of mnofficial avices telling of the appar nt refusal of the ship's commander: heed the warning of the German submarine to stop. This phase of the matter overshadowed in the official iew all other questions involved in he destruction of the Armenian. If the official reports, which Unit ed States officials are awaiting, uhould bear out news dispatches con :erning attempts of the Armenian to scape, it was said no new cause of lomplaint likely would be added to issues pending between the United tates and Germany. Officials hold that if the Armenian sought to evade lapture the sinking of the ship was justific d under international law even though non-combatants were on board. Precedents are cited in sup port of this contention. First Payment on Cargo. Great Britain has announced its in tention to pay one hundred thousand dollars as the first installment of the amount due the owners of the Wi] helmina. the foodship that was pre vented from going to Germany. Destroy 98 Ships in June. London reports Friday that during June ninety-eight British ships, ag gregating slightly more than thirty nine thousand tons, i.ere sunk by submarines or mines with the loss of 111 lives. NineteenMember-Crew Missing. Nineteen members of the crew of the Crucasian, sunk by the German submarine, are missing. according to a dispatch from lalymouth, England, rida. COTTON AREA LESS FARMERS CUT OUT MAIN CROP < ON 5,871,000 ACRES CONDITION 8. 03PER LENT i Government Figures Indicate Yield 6 This Year Will be 2,454,078 Bales s Under 1914-Total Acreage 31, 0 535,000-Acreage Reduction of 20 P S Per Cent. c A prospective cotton crop of 12,- n 500,000 equivalent 500 pound bales this season is unofficially estimated y from the department of agriculture's a June 25 condition and acreage report y issued Thursday. That would be 3,- % 600,000 bales less than last year's o crop, or a reduction of 22 per cent. e In all 31,535,000 acreas were r planted this year, showing that the t government's repeated appeals to cot ton growers to reduce their acreage y and devote more land to other crops a had been heeded. Reductions for this n year's area amounted to 5,871,000 n acres, or 15.6- per cent. $ Condition of the crop was better t] than last year at this time and also o: better than the ten-year average on t] June 25. Along the Atlantic coast ' the crop deteriorated in June but si conditions improved in Louisiana, tt Texas, Arkansas and Oklahoma. a A total area of 31,535,000 acres >f cotton is under cultivation in the d United States according to the esti- c mate of the department of agricul- J, ture announced Thursday. That com- $ pares with 37,406,000 acres, the re- T vised estimate of acreage under culti- tj vation a year ago; 26,333,000 acres y picked last year, 37,089,000 in 1913 W and 34,283,000 acres in 1912. Aban- 1i lonment of acreage during the season ti last year amounted to 1.5 per cent. al >f the planted area and for the past ive years it has averaged 1.8 per cc ent. of the area planted. L There had been much interest in 0i otton and textile circles concerning pi he area planted to cotton this year ti n view of the record crop last year, se he curtailed foreign takings because cc f the European war and the low sa price of lint early this season, which were believed to have influenced cot- ta on growers to reduce their acreage p] nd put some of their land in grain h( nd other crops. The extent of this fo eduction had been variously estimat- o1 d unofficially at from 10 to 20 per la ent. th The condition of the growing crop m n- June 25 was 80.3 per cent. of a 0( ormal, as compared with 80 per ent. on May 25, this year, 79.6 per ui ent. n June 25 last year, and 79.9 d( er cent. The 10-year average on hi rune 25. ul Growing conditions generally were 0( avorable throughout the month ac ;ince the last condition report was th .anvassed. Precipitation during the w: rst week in practically all portions 1i] f the belt furnished sufficient mois- ye ure for the time being, and the crop isj nade satisfactory growth. Late )lanted in Texas was coming up and w, . good stand was reported. Except- $ ng in portions of Oklahoma, Arkan ;as and some of the more eastern sec ions of i0,r belt where the soil was 1 & wet, cultivation proceeded satis Ctiatio and satisfactory growth n all excepting a few districts was avored during the second week by G he moderately warm weather, with eneral absence of continued rain. Yet weather delayed cultivation and ~aused some damage by flooding in orthern Texas, Oklahoma and the :arolinas, where fields were becom g grassy. In most other sections,b owever, the crop was well cultivated nd the fields clean. s Continuation of moderately warm p1 -eather, with local showers sufficient ur or requirements, greatly favored cot- ng on growth during the third week in de .1 portions of the belt. Delay in cul- te ivation permitted fields in a few sec- t ions to become grassy, but over most th istricts cultiv, tion proceeded satis- to actorily, the fields were clean and st he crop continued in good condition. Rapid growth was forced during de he final week of the month by con- t inued warm weather, with sufficient ti oisture, and the crop was in good st ~ondition and well cultivated in near- t y all districts. Some retardation of it ;rowth was reported from Oklahoma cc nd adjoining sections, and grassy be elds occurred locally, with boll cc eevil reporte ' as active In portions p1 f Alabama, Mississippi and Texas. p1 'he crop was fruiting in southern sh istricts and some bloom was report- so d as far north as North Carolina. cc The area planted and under culti- is ration at the end of June by states, N ith last year's planted area and rea picked (00 0's omitted) follows: Planted Planted Picked El 1915. 1914. 1914. 'irginia . . . . 36 45 45 . Carolina .. 1,333 1,550 1,527 . Carolina . . 2,399 2,890 2,861 ~eorgia . . . . 4,684 5,510 5,433 El 'lorida .. .. 202 224 221 labama .. .. 3,382 4,075 4,007 fIississippi . . 2,728 3,100 3,0 54 .uisiana. . . . 1,13 9 1,340 1,29 9 i'exas .. .....10,365 12,052 11,931 .rkansas.. .. 2,193 2,550 2,480 H I'ennessee . . . 813 935 915 iissouri . . . . 107 148 145a B) )klahoma ... 2,102 2,920 2,847 ~ ~alifornia . .. 3 47 47 cc )thcr States . 17 20 20 cc Condition of the growing cotton "t rop on June 25 and May 25 this ai rear, with the June 20 condition last m rear and the 10-year average of June m 5 condition, follows: 1 1915. June 25. tli 'June May 10-yr. 25. 25. 1914. av. virginia.. .....7 88 86 84 >orth Carolina.79 85 S2 80 South Carolina.76 80 81 79 1% eorgia .. .....79 S81 83 S0 Florida .. .....78 80 86 84 Alabama . . 78 78 88 80 d1ississippi. . . .84 S2 81 78 f Louisiana . . . . 83 76 81 77 C Texas.. ....82 79 74 80 rknsas ... 85 84 SO SO ti Tennessee . . 87 85 79 82 t ) lklahoma . . . .71 76 79 51 California . . . . 90 82 100 *98 di British D~ardanelles Loss Heavy. ~ In the month of May at the Dar- w danelles Premier Asquith has an- si nounced the losses of the British p forces to be .39,6Z6. This includes m land an d sea forces. 11, Submarine Sinks Three. Three british steamers, Inglemoor, Caucasian and Welbuey were thrpe- ti 1AS $35,864,381 DEFICIT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR overnment Receipts Fall Off But Treasurer Shows Balance. of $82,025,716. The second business year of the resent administration which closed une 30 shows a $35,864,381 deficit ompared with - surplus for the year nding June 30; 1914, of $34,418, 77. Official explanations will not be is ned until the figures for the year are nalyzed by Secretary McAdoo, but n the face of the records it is ap arent that receipts were much maller-an enormous reduction in ustoms revenues resulting from the rar-and that disbursements were inch -greater. Notwithstanding the deficit on the F ear's business the treasury now has i n actual net balance of $82,025,716. P ith every prospect that this balance :T ill be increased by possibly $10,- t] 00,000 in the next ten days, it is 0 ident there will be no bond issue to n plenish the coffers for many months R come, if at all. . S] Customs receipts for the last fiscal ear amounted to $209,268,107, p bout $11,000,000 under esttimates v ade by Secretary McAdoo several i onths after the war began, and " 82,000,000 below the amount from i iis source in 1914. With the end l the war apparently remote, many n easury officials are convinced it E ill be necessary for congress to re ore the old duty on sugar, which is ti > become free next year, and add ir out $60,000,000 revenue. The income tax proved the big pro- C ucer the last 12 months. Total re- I )ipts up to the close of business fR ine 30 were $79,828,675, of which is 36,303,525 came in Wednesday. o: his is more than $8,500,000 above Le total received from the tax last s< ?ar and there remain ten days in w hich it may be paid. Officials be- S] ve $6,000,000 will come in in that ai me, bringing the total $5,000,000 a ove the amount estimated. P] It was said that the personal in- pi ime tax proved a surprise this year. r( ast year it brought in only $28,000,- R )0 but up to date this year it has hi -oduced more than $41,000,000 and R at probably will be augmented by vx veral millions. The corporation in- ai me tax apparently will be about the e .me as last year's. G It now develops that the emergency x law has proved a better revenue A oducer than expected. Despite this, fa )wever, internal revenue receipts se r the year-$33.5,828,377--were w Lly about $27,000,000 in excess of th st year's. One contributing fact is ge .at whiskey is not paying the. reve- A le it used to produce by some $16,- st 10,000 or $20,000,000 a year. W Another thing pointed out by treas- az -y officials was that the post office ec partment, usually self-sustaining, m Ls received advances from the treas- tb -y amounting to more than -$6,000, 10. The treasury has paid out on th count of the Panama canal during al e year more than $29,000,000, th uich, though reimbursable, is not he ely to be reimbursed for many a, ars to come unless through a bond fo se. th Total expenditures for the year in are $731,527,572, compared with ar '00,559,248 last year. h2 4 BLUEJACKETS SEIZE Si GIERMAN OWNED WIRELESS * Ri fr >vernmnent Takes Complete Posses- re la sion of Truckerton Station be Owned by Gemas he Fourteen United States bluejackets ux der the command of Lieutenant PC chtenstein took complete posses- of an of the high-powered wireless we ation near Truckerton, N. J. This ant was owned by Germans and was t der the suspicion of violating the to utrality proclamation of the presi- al nt. The owners of the plant pro sted vigorously, but the men under Ri e orders of their lieutenant closed th e gates to the pulilic, and refused he allow any person to approach the ce ation. he Indications have been for several th ys that the government would take 0( is action because of alleged viola- hi ns of neutrality. It is one of two pe ations which are powerful enough sa send messages into Germany and W has been alleged that information ncerning ships and shipping have R1 en conveyed to German submarine m mmanders through its towers. The co ant, which is known as the Sayville ta ant, is under government censor- six ip, but officials have believed for pe me time that it should be under p1 mplete government supervision as is the great station at Truckerton. ed {(iLAND IN GRBEAT PERIL, 2 DECLARES LORD CURZON (" re lemy Gained His Advantage by pC pr Long Preparation, Efficiency rie and Invention. tu Lord Curzon, speaking in the ti< use of Lords Friday declared that si: t is not unfair to say that Great he -itain is in great peril." The state- ja ent of the speaker occasioned wide tii mment. There is no use trying to th *nceal the fact," the speaker said, th hat our situs-tion is one of grave de ixiety." He stated that the ene ies of the empire had gained a tre- w: enodus advantage through their mn ng preparation, their efficiency and ge eir factulty of invention. th aS NO REPORT FROM IIAITI 1l* asington Uninformxed as to Condi- if tions in Island. p1 Messages to the navy department th om Rear Admiral Caperton, now at w upe -aitien with the cruiser Wash- oi gton, give no account of the situa- th on ashore, where revolutionary dis- p1 rbances recently caused the land- be g of French marines, now with awn. Because of the shallow har- tii r, the survey boat Eagle has been , dered to .ioin the Washington, t' hich is compelled to lie far off ax ore. The Eagle will call at Port au t rince to observe conditions. Ad- D iral Caperton's force was sent to-re- s, eve the French marines. ti Berin Denies British Report. L Berlin Wednesday denied reports i: iat a German submarine had been- m ink y a British submarine. Isi VITH THE HALKANS VHY ROUMANIA WITHHELD ITS T AID FROM THE ALLIES VANTS LARiER BORDERS ] h a: nion of All Roumanions is the Price L Either Side Must Pay to Secure In- si d tervention of Roumanians-Aus- t, tria and Russia Hold the Coveted a s( Territory. r( At a time when the decision of si oumsnia as to her role in the war ci anxiously await td in all the Eurb- il ean chancelleries, these views of ti rofessor N. Basilesca, a member of f( ie faculty (f law in the University I Bucharest, and deputy in the Rou- cl Lanion parliament, expressed in a r( tter to the Journal de Geneve, gain si ecial significance. il "In order to give an account of the t art of Roumania in this frightful ar which Is drenching the centinent tc blood," says Professor Basilesco, ef t is necessary to cosider Roumanla al the light-of two hypotheses, equal- m possible: in alliance with the Ger- sE anic powers or with those of the fa ntent. ai "The first course oL action was dic- vi ted to her by a political program of w ore than thirty years' duration. It cl as advocated by the late King te arles, and it is suggested now by st M. Carp, Majoresco and Rosetti, irmef presidents of the Council, and t: supported by an important fraction to ' the press and public opinion. W "If Roumania had yielded to these tl licitations the aspect of things ct ould long since have been changed. gi ie could have thrown into the bal- in ice, from the beginning of the war, million bayonets; she could have in aced at the disposal of the central bi >wers her admirable system of fort- Pi sses which bar the passage of the w< ssians across her plains; she could of tve menaced the left wing of the ussian army and prevented the in .sion of Bukowina and Hungary d at the same time rendered pre rious the Russian advance across flicia. "But the greatest danger of the lies would have resulted from the BN ct that, if Roumania had allied her If with Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria uld have had to do the same ing; for everybody knows that Bul ria revolves in the same orbit as istri-rungary and Germany; that th e has received money from them Cr ile the war has been-in progress, fri d that she would also have receiv- di . arms and ammunition if Rou- on ania would 3.ave let them pass TI rough her territory. tri "Through Roumania and Bulgaria ga e central powers would have been le to form a junction with Turkey; th ey would have been able to send W r arms and -mmunition in abund- on .ce; they would have been able to Rc rtify the Dardanelles and render Pa em impregnable and to prevent def tely the reinforcing of Russia with cO ms and ammunition, of which she ,s imperious need to-day. th "From the North Sea to the Per- V( in Gulf Germany and Austria-Hun- pe ry would have been indisputably in th ntrol of a vast field of battle. They w >uld have been able to draw from cc >umania, Bulgaria, and, above all, fo am Asia Minor, an inexhaustible "-l ervoir, the provisions which they all k so sorely now. Serbia, taken Li tween two fires, would long since Fr e been 'wiped off the map, and pa ly, bc, was within an ace of an of derstanding with the Germanic wers, would have preferred a sure fet 'er from Austria to the risks of a thi r of apparently unequal chances. ed "All these advantages the Aus- lix ans and Germans have been unable las attain because Roumania has held w; of from them. ca "By the addition of the forces of M >umania to those of the Entente e circle of fire and death would ye completely closed around the atral powers. They would have d to cover a new frontier of more an 600 miles and to oppose 1,000, 0 Roumanians who would have rled themselves through the Car- Tb thian passes with not less than the me number of Austro-Germans. here would they have found them?. "Attacked on the north by the issians, at the centre by the Rou tnians, and in the south by the re- s stituted Serbian army, they cer- co: ly could not make an effective re- be tance. The advance upon Buda- an st and Vienna would be a trium- ris al march. The frightful war which a desolating the world would be end- Cc with one blow. Lil "Why, then, has Roumania not un- me eathed her sword? Because, in - te of the great services which she h s already rendered to the Entente, spite of the important and decisiveIt le which she may yet play, and the dc mense services which she can still w cider, she alone of the European of wers is seen discussing not simple sel etensions, but legitimate historic hts. all "Roumania demands only a resti- she tio in integrum. She is not ambi us for undue conquests. She rises sit nply to deliver her brothers who Da ,e always, since the time of Tra- m: a, been united to her by the closest s. Twice before, under Stephen -tix e Great and Michael the Brave, all bo e Roumanians have been united un r one scepter. pl1 "The vicissitudes of time, the over- Bx lming of the East by the Turks, pe isters of Bulgaria, Serbia and Hun- su ry, have not permitted them since foi at time to consolidate their union mi a nation. The treachery and vio- of ce of their neighbors, on the con- R' iry. brought them new misfortunes. mi 1777 Turkey ceded Bukowina- to which to this day remains the On ae of th'e Moldivian prince, Ste- mi en the Great-to Austria, and in of 12 she ceded to Russia Bessarabia, er: e Moldavian country par excellence. cu iich was for centuries the rampart tel Moldavia against the invasions of e Turks and Tartars. and whose sci ains were time and time again to .thed in the blood of her children. pu "To-day, when the principle of na- g >nality appears about to triumph; m rien in its name Russia promises to ve e Poles the reconstitution of their to tcient kingdom: when Italy is on m e eve of realizing the vision of cc inte, the unity of her people; when m rbia dreams of a domain three A1 nes larger than her present pos- w< ssions; when France claims Alsace >rraine; when everybody wants to cc ve his part, more or less legiti- ha ate, of the spoils, why should Rus- fo , alone see he rihts disregarded, SE ERMAN SWEEP CONTINUES; i LEAVE LEMBER? IN THE REAR cutons Say Russians are Preparing to Abandon the Entire Gali cian Battlefront. The war situation Friday showed lere is no indication, even in the ussian official statements, of any alt in the sweep of the Teutonic rmies northward and eastward from emberg. Further south, ho vever, the Rus ans have made what looks like a etermined stand al..ig the line of ie Gnila Lipa river. Austro-German .counts tell of victories even in that actor, but the Russiaus deny their wverses there were serious. German observers believe the Rus ans are preparing to abandon Gali a and attribute the desperate fight g north of Halicz to a desire to gain me for the preparation of strong de nsive positions beyond the border. Reports from neutral sources de are that the Russians recently have ceived new supplieu of high explo ve shells which have enabled them their retreat to swell enormously Le Teutonic casualty lists. The latest statements from Teu mnic sources indicate that there re mntly has been desperate fighting oag the Austro-Italian front. The ain effort of the Italians to advance ems to have been northeast of Mon lone in the isonzo region, and they re said to have made slight ad m.ees. The s- ries of assaults as a hole failed, however, the Austrians aim. The Italian war office con nts L.self with claiming ground Latched "inch by inch." Reports have come through of fur Ler occupation of Albanian - terri ry. Greek bands have moved to ard Belrut, occupying villages along te way. This follows closely the oc tpation of Scutari by the Montene -ins and the previoas Serbian move to Albania. The difficulty which Spain is hav g in maintaining neutrality was -ought to light in a statement by remier Dato, that public meetings Dld be permitted only if discussion neutrality was barred. OWN PRINCE BATTERS FRENCH LINE AT VERDUN -in Reports Gain of Mile and Three-Quarters and Twelve Hundred Prisoners. Berlin announced officially Friday at the Germany - army under the -own Prince has driven the French )m their position ia front of Ver , capturing twelve hundred pris ers and eighteen machine guns. te Germans stormed the French mch at Four de Paris, and made a in of a mile and three-quarters. It has been Lpparent for some time at the German forces in the west re contemplating a serious drive Verdun. According to Lieut. Col. ssett, military critic of the Petite risien the furious German attacks the Argonne by an entire army rps will be repeated, with the ob At of breaking the French line at at place in the hope of reaching rdun. This expert asserts that re ated checks have not discouraged e Germans and declares that they 11 continue their efforts to gain ntrol of, and to dominate this hilly rest region, which many call the 'hermopylae of France." Almost t of the French experts, including eut. Col. Roussett, agree that the ench forces have made such pre rations as will insure the failure the efforts. Paris reported Thursday the de tt of forty thousand troops .under e Crown Prince who had attempt to cut his way through the French tes. He failed in a similar attempt ;t Setember, which Frenchmen say ts one of the chief contributing uses of von Kluck's defeat on the Lrne. NNERS TAKE STEPS TO HANDLE COTTON RISKS ousand Ginners From Southern States to Establish Insurance Bureau for Themselves. A dispatch from Little Rock, Ark., ednesday says that the Ginners as iation now meeting at Memphis, mposed of over a thousand nmem rs, proposes to establish an insur ce bureau which will handle all the ks of the members, according to vices received from President ckrum, in which he announced that ttle Rock would be the place of the seting next year. r aspirations checked? "If Russia, France, England and Ly wish to be just; if they wish to honor to the war which they are ging in the name of the principle the freedom of nations and of es atial justice, it is ziecessary "That Russia restore to Roumania Bessarabia up to the Dniester, as e received it from Turkey in 1812. "That all the Roumanian countries iiated between the Theiss and the .nube be incorporated with Rou "That the old Dacia of Trajan's se be restored within its original undaries. "Russia will find in the fertile tins of Asia Minor," says Professor tsilesco, apparently without any rception of the inconsistency of Jiis ggestion. "sufficient compensation ethe trifling sacrifice which Rou mia asks of her to-day in the name the principle in virtue of which issia is fighting. If she does not tke that sacrifice to-day her failure do so will always remain a blot her record; her generous promises tde to the nations at the beginning the war will appear as mere trick y dictated by the pressure of cir instances-words which are forgot rt as soon as the peril is past.' The professor touches with some rn upon the pretensions of Serbia the territory across the -Danube, t forward on the plea that Bel ade should not be subject to the enace of a foreign power at her ry gates, saying: "All this terri ry is absolutely and entirely Rou anian, and Roumania will never sent to abandon an inch of Rou anian soil or a single Roumanian." id he closes his letter with these "It is not to-day, when the out me of the world war rests in their Lnds; that Roumanians are going to rget the duty they nwe to them HAS BI6 BALANCE ; BILLION DOLLARS STAND TO COUNTRY'S CREDIT GWVES OFFICIAL FIIURES Despite World War Trade Year Has Been Best in History of America Treasury Unable to Determine How Big a Deficit Results From Lack of Import Duties. A billion-dollar trade balance-the greatest in American history-in a , year which has seen commerce de pressed by eleven months of world war is the commercial record of the United States. Official announcement was made.at the department of commerce that with the closing of the fiscal year'at' midnight Wednesday night it was cer tain that the billion-dollar mark bad been passed. "The figures for eleven months.' ; ending May 31," it was announced, "show a favorable balance of $983 Y 117,479. As thirteen ports, which ordinarily handle 90 per cent. of the country's foreign trade, -show for June an export balance of approxi mately $60,000,000, it is now known that the excess of exports over im porth has at this date exceeded $i, 000,000,000, surpassing by nearly $400,000,000 the highest record here- - tofore made." Figures indicating that the new high record would be made have been placed before President Wilson and - the cabinet from time to time by Sec retary Redfield. Generally the show ing was considered alt the more grati fying because it was made despite the paralysis of ocean shipping'and the stagnation in the cotton markit which depressed American's second most valuable crop. Department of commerce experts point out thIt the immense trade bad ance is not due to orders for un tions of war. In fact, manufatures generally other than of foodstuffs have been less than in the similar period before the war. The officia statement on that point says: "It is found that the net increase in our total exports has been wholly in foodstuffs." The movement of gold between the United States and the outside world; which at the beginning of the war was a subject of great concern, has been reversed in overwhelming ratio, and represents payments for Ameri :an exports. "The inward flow of gold," say the department's announcement, 'continued in May at an accelerated "ate, imports amounting to $31,136, 311, against $1,972,411 in May, 1914. [n the eleven months ending May 31, 1915, gold' imports totalled $119 227,015, an increase of $56,505,468, while good exports aggregated $143, 102,160, an increase of $79,470,695 >ver a like period a year ago. The nearest approach to the bil ion dollar net balance which govern nent officials have predicted would e reached by the United States dur ng the present calendar year.~ To ar rive at a net balance there must be ubtracted from the gross balance In ~erest on the United States debt held n Europe, tourists' expenses, oceati freights, money transmitted home by lien residents and numerous other tems. The prediction is made that the xports of explosives will be at least tuadrupled and that of firearms dou led in the present calendar year. his, l owever, would credit the total alue of explosives and firearms with' ut little more than 1 per cent. of ~he total value of exports. WIING AT WARSAW; 4iERMANS ARE ADVANCINQ ackensen Pushes Ahead Between Vistula and the Bug Rivers Germans Gain In West. London reports Friday: Evidently ~ent on a decisive victory against the ussians, the Germans assisted by heir Austrian allies, now are mak ng every effort to capture Warsaw, he capital of Russian Poland. Ber in claims further advances in Gall ~ia, while Field Marshal von Mack nsen is pushin~g steadily ahead be ween the Vistula and Bug rivers. Artillery activity continued un bated in the Arras region of France here e're no signs of an infantry of nesve but it is re Araied as scarcely ossible~ that so n any ,ihousands of ~hells are being f!-ed v' ithout some uch objiective. Ii: tlye Argonne re ~ion the Germans have gained some ~round at the expense of. heavy osses. A further report regarding the ~)ardanelles operations claims that he colonial troops have not been ~hecked but thrat they have been used aerely to keep the Turks on their ~ront too busy to send reserves to hat portion of the line where the ~nglo-French troops made an ad ance -of one thousand yards. FLAGi BEINGi MISUSED nited States Investigates Cases of Ships Using Our Flags. The United States is conducting a earching investigation into several ases in which it has been reported )licially that British ships flew the merican flag apparently to escape serman submarines. Reports have been received from (mbassador Gerard in Berlin and brough American consular sources n Great Britain with affidavits tend ng to show alleged misuse of the ~lag. The issue is regarded as so impor ant to the safety of shipping really ntitled to fly the American flag that anote may be sent soon to Greaf Britain renewing representations pre iously made. The United States, owever, will not act until it has re eived complete information. Some of the affidavits state that, n certain cases, the British admiral y's agents have advised masters of essels to use the American flag. Mexican Capital Cut Off. In the absence of direct reports, much anxiety is felt for Mexico City, from which there ha. been no direct message for ten ays