Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VWATEIMI RUSSIA RUSSIAN AD fi ANS ARE AIOIET T3CA3SIAGAIN WARSAW1 iDT TO FALL United States Consul Writes That Bsian City is Likely to Fall and Asks for Instructions-Rejuvenat ed Austrian Claims Recapture of - Lemberg. All eyes in Lcr don, says a dispatch, are turned to the eastward where, under conditions of the utmost sec recy, the Teutonic allies and the Rus sians are preparing to engage in what may prove one of the most decisive combats of the war. Evidence is ac cumulating to show that this gigantic conflict will be determined in Russian Poland and the only question disturb ing British experts is as to which side has chogn the battle ground. Berlin admits having withdrawn from the Niemen, river and at the same time discounts the whole move ment 'in that region as being of no strategical importance. It is now clear that Russia has abandoned the narrow point in Gali eta between Przemysl and Cracow, Russian forces having virtually occu pied all of Galicia with' the exception of these two placees. . Petrograd claims this operation is due to strate gic reasons, while Vienna maintains that rejuvenated Austrian armies have .relleved the Przemysl forces and driven the invaders out. It is -unquestioned that the more or less demoralized Austrian forces, stif fened by - German reinforcements, have resumed the offensive, but there is no information to indicate that the Russian retirement is anything in the nature of -a rout resulting from igorous fighting. Whatever may be the intention of the armies opirating on the ends of the great Russian battlefront it is clear that these movements are of significance besides he tremendous advance in the center. - c From th Eeast on Monday came tid tngs of a decided reversal in form, the dispatches both from Vienas and -Petrograd indicating that the Aus trian army at Tresysl,. so often re ported surroided, .hopelessly out classed -and on the verge of surren der, has turned on the Russians, -with the aid of reinforcement, and forced them to retreat. The first -news of this claim ema nated during the morning from the Austrian Capital. It was followed later In the day -by a Petrograd ad mission that the Russians had aban doned the siege of Przemysl for stat egical reasns, with the object of drawing up a new line against the Austro-Germin army in other points of Galicla. Whatever may be. the truth of the ttuation the Russians have been c1aming an. unbroken series 'of vic tories In their sweep through Galicia, nd the coinqidence of Monday's dis patches, supplemented as they were by.more circumstantial accounts from ienna of a -vigorous Austro-Hunga -an offensive, seemed to presage Im portant news. -That the Russla~ns are losing ground Is Indicated in an official dis patch to the United States govern nent from its consuls at Warsen, cap ital of Poland. The city, according to the American consuls, is threaten ed by German forces and ujay fall at any moment They ask for instrue tions as to the care of foreign inter -eats .during the expced period of According to; a Berlin dispatch, "-it Ia offcallyreported from Vienna that forty thoad Russins were killed or wounded near Przemysl" -However, the steady advance of the'Runsins through the crownland of lukowina Is strlklng dismay into 'the Austrians; according to advices received in Venice and forwarded to London by the correspondent of The Lo~ndon' Daiy :Mai. Ronmania also fsels that the Russian advance may Imperil her chance of getting Trans lvania, which she wishes to occupy *-as the price of her neutrality. On the East Prussian frontier the -Russins are still engaged with the German rear guard west of Suwalhi and to the southeast of. Wirballen. Adispatch to the Reuter Telegram company from Cetinje says that on October 7 the Montenegrins engaged in the greatest battle with the Aus trians since the beginning of the war near 'Kalenouitch, in Bosnia. The Austrians, 20,000) strong, tried to cut off the Montenegrin army operating toward ~Serajevo. The Montenegrins succeeded ing surprising their foe as they were-marching in column forma tion, and In the first day of fighting invicted a loss of 1,500 men. The Austrians, says the correspond ent, seeing -the impossibility of ad -vancing in the direction of Serajevo, fell back on Kalenovitch, leaving be hind 500 more men killed and wound ed. The Montenegrins made a large -number of prisoners and captured a large quantity of stores. ~PASSES SENATE. McLaurin's Warehouse Measure Pass ed by Vote of 2y to 11. McLaurin's bill providing for a State system of warehouses for the - storing of cotton and validation of the cotton warehouse reccipt passed the Senate by a vote of 27 to 11 and was ordered sent to the House. The bill provides for one commissioner at a salary of $3,000 per year, to be elected by the general assembly for a term of two years, to handle the warehouse system. The bill carries an appropriation of $15,000 for salaries and expence of putting the bill Into operation, the warehouse commissioner to have the power to acquire warehouses by lease or condemnation, and to appoint such subordinates as necessary. He is to give bond in the sum of $50,000. Those voting for the passage of the bill were: Ackerman, Appelt, Banks, Beamguard, Buck, Christensen, Clif-. ton, Epps, Ginn, Goodwin, Gross, Hardin, Hough, D. R. Johnson, Ketchin, Laney, Lawson, Lide, Man ning, McCown, McLaurin, Mullins, Patterson, -Richardson. Sharpe, Stuckey, Verner. Total 27. Those voting against the ,bill were: Black, Carlisle, Dennis, Earle, A. Johnstone, Mars, Nicholson, Sinkler, Sullivan, Williams, Young. Total 11. Wants to Protect Border. An Arizona sheriff has requested the withdrawal of the United States troops. He offers to protect the bor der with 500 cowboys. .Sir American Sailors Drown. When sthe cutter Manning was swamped in Unalaga -Pass. in the Behring Sea, six United States sailors were drowned. Bombs Dropped on Ostend. ] A German aviator dropped two1 bombs on Ostend Monday, neither of LINE DUTY IS TIRESOME TROOPS SEEK ACTIVITY DURING EXPLORATIONS. Successful Ruse of French Infantry Compells Germans to Retreat Snow Has Fallen on High Hills. The battlefield northeast of Lille wa sthe point of greatest interest in the continuation of the.great conflict which has lasted 29 days. The cav alry of both armies has swept about the country for days, seeking to go through or around the opposing lines and everywhere has encountereed the enemy. . *A successful ruse carried out by a detachment of French infantry in the vicinity of Lens is related in the or ders of the day. Having been order ed to hold a position the small squad did so throughout the day but at dusk a detachment was compelled to re tire ,before an overwhelming force of Germans. Reaching a country estate, the French commander placed a num ber of men in the last outlying houses with orders to remain' until they heard the bugle call. The rest of the party took up a position a quarter of a mile further on in the open country. A bugle sounded and fire was open ed both on the front and on the rear of the German force, which, after losing many men, retreated. The French reoccupied their original posi tion and saved the Allies line from being pierced. A French non-commissioned officer with 32 men who had been forgotten at an entrenchment advanced post near Roye, saw 7,000 Germans ad vancing but the Frenchmen did not move until their amiunition was ex hausted. Then officer ordered his men to retire through a wood and he rejoined his regiment. with 20 of his command.. He. was promoted on the field to -be a lieutenant, as his stand had permitted a reinforcement of the allied line at a critical moment. Trench duty in the siege operations is now thoroughly organized. The digging continues and the trenclies of the opposing armies approached to within 100 yards of each other at some places. The men in these ditches, especially along the line from Rheims to the Meuse, have .been inac tive often during the past few days and they often call upon each other to come out and fight. Some of the men have become very daring, life in the 'burrows with the occasional turn at rifle firing being so monotonous that they go out in search of adventure. One party of three Algerians left'their shelter and proceeded to a house which was still standing near the lines. There they found seven Germans. The -men fraternized and together searched the cellar. After regaling themselves on wine the Algerians, who had brought rifles, ordered the Germans- to fall in and took them prisoners. In Alsace the French con tinue their advance. Frequent skir mishes are being fought .between the German rear guard rnd the French advance guard. . Snow has fallen on the high bills in this region, making operations dif ficult. A FALACY EXPOSED. .Elimi=nan of Cotton Crop Would Not Stop Boll Weevil. Elimination of the entire cotton crop of 1915, including all volunteer stalks, if such a thing were possible, would not exterminate the boll weevil. This statement is made by1 the division of entomology of Clem-1 son college and Is based on knowl edge of experiments conducted over a period of years by the United States .bureau of entomology and upon a definite opinion on the subject re ceived from W. D. Hunter, chief of the division of Southern Field Crop insects, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. In some manner the impression has bee' received by some of those who are offering plans for altering .the South's present cotton policy that if all cotton was cut out next year the boll weevil would be eliminated. The entomological division of Clemson college conferred,by telegraph with Dr. Hunter, a world-wide authority on the boll weevil, and Dr. Hunter replied: "The destruction of boll weevil .by elimination of 1915 crop is entirely impracticable.'' Two plants thurberiae and hibia cns, are chief among the reasons why cutting out all cotton would not wipe out the boll weevil. That the weevil will breed in either of these plants has been demonstrated definitely. A. F. Conradi, State Entomologist, says that cufting out the entire crop !or a year would wipe out vast num bers of the weevil and would elimi 'nate the pest entirely from scattered localities. Buf, he says, the weevil would return in as large numbers as before as soon as cotton was again planted. The insect prefers cotton to any other plant, as far as is known, but would find other ways to live and to -propagate if cut off from cotton. The purpose of this statement Is to correct the false impression about1 the relation of cotton elimination to boll weevil elimination and is intend ed, it is stated, to touch on the en tomological phase of the question only. .CURTAILING EXPENSES. Southern Railway Feels Effects of European War. In view of the curtailment of ser vice made necessary by the currentj depression of busines and the conse quent reduction of the opportunity of many hundreds of employees to earn the wages which they have been accustomed, President Fairfax Har rison of Southern Railway company, has deemed that it is only fair that the officers of the company should also share the sacrifice. He has accordingly reduced his own salary twenty per cent., and has asked all the other ofiicers receiving salaries in excess of twenty-five hun-I dred dollars per annum to accept' temporary reductions on a descend ing scale, proportioned to the amount of their salaries, so as to distribute the personal sacrifice equitably. Un der the plan adopted the pay of those receiving salaries of as much as twenty-seven hundred dollars will be reduced two per cent. The officers affected have all accepted the situa tion with loyal appreciation of the necessity of a spirit of mutual sacri fice. While the actual saving to the company on this account is relatively small, the principle of common inter est of all those who drew their liveli hood from Southern Railway com pany has been the controlling motive. Following this action, the board of' directors has reduced the dividend of the preferred stockholders, many of whom are women dependent upon this income, from five to four and t ane-half per cent., although it wa-i ully earned before the present ten-! ency of business was apparent. and bas declared it payable not in cash ut in deferred scrip so that all inter-!9 ~sts in the property may participate OUR 5REAT hEALTH WONDERFUL NATIONAL ASSETS OF UNITED STATES. ALMOST SUPPORTS SELF In Some Lines There Are Available Large Surpluses for Protection in Emergencies Causing Unusual De mand-Sugar and Woolen Imports Are Largest From Other Nations. A partial inventory of the national assets of the United States in area, population, and fundamental factors of economic life reveals the fact that it is not only practically self-support ing, but that it possesses, in many lines, a large surplus available for protection against famine and tem porary adversity or for use in mest ing unusual demands from the out side world. Recently the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, department of commerce, has beep receiving hun dreds of letters from American pro ducers and manufacturers making in quiries regarding possible markets abroad for their surplus products and as to the ability of the United States to supply the raw materials neces sary to their industries. Investigations in connection with the replies to these inquiries have de veloped the fact that i. many in stances materials now imported from abroad are of a cldss found in this country, the production of w1lich, however, is still in the iuitial stages. This is papticularly true of numerous basic materials used In the chemical industries, which were formerly wasted, but are now partially afilliz ed. The peculiarly fortunate position of the United States in ts ability to supply its own needs is clearly seen from a survey of its production and relative contributionas to the world of the great requirements of man food, clothing, and shelter. It is found, for example, that the people of the United States may be fed readily by home-produced foodstuffs, our vast area of 3 2-3 million square miles representing every variety of climate, and production and being nearly equal in extent to all Europe which has a population five times that of this country. Agriculture in the United States has not yet reached the stage of scientific development common to many countries of Europe, and pres ent domestic production may, there fore, be expected to increase greatly with more attention to improved methods of culture. Nevertheless our country already produces over 2 1-2 billion bushels of corn, or two thirds of the world's supply. This year's wheat crop is estimated at the high-record figure of 911 million bushels, about 20 per cent. of the world harvest. The United States also produces annually over one billion bushels of oats, or one-fifth of the international yield, and 197 million gallons of cot ton seed oil, representing most of the annual output of this article whose food value as a substitute for olive oil is becoming more and more recognized. Fifteen per cent. of-the world's cattle are on American farms, the number in this country being 59 million, or twice as many as in Ar gentine or European Russia and half the number in India. Our country also has 60 million swine. 50 million sheep, and 24 mil lion horses. We import, however, 5 billion pounds of sugar (chiefly Cu ban), or 1 1-2 times the amount prol duced in Continental United States and its island territories. In clothing material the United States is also favored, producing an nually over 14 million bales of cot ton. Of wool we produce 300 mil lion pounds a year, our home require-, ments being supplemented by. 298 mlion pounds of foreign wool and 34 million dollars' worth of woolen goods. In the mineral kingdom, the pre eminent position of the United States is unquestioned. We produce, for example, 534 million short tons of coal, 40 per cent. of the world's out put: 238 million .barrels of petrol eum, two-thirds of the world's total, and 57 million tons of iron ore, out of a world total of 132 million. One half of the world's copper is taken from American mines, which turned out 1 1-4 million pounds in 1912. Of the world's output of 466 mil lion dollar's worth of gold, the Unit ed States produced about 20 per cent. being exceeded only by South Africa. About 28 per cent. of the world's silver and 30 per cent. of its lead are produced in this country. In the value of manufactures the United States leads the world, though the product of American fac tories is chiefly consumed at home. Of the 20.7 billion dollars' worth of manufactures produced in the United States in 1909, only about 5 per cent. were sold to foreign coun tries, the world market for iron and steel products, cotton goods, chemi cals, and other important products of industry being thus far largely held by England, Germany, and oth er European nations. The foregoing are indicative of the strong position of the United Stattes [n its supply of the factors of na tional wealth, the details of which re found in the statistical abstract of the United States and various re ports of the department of commerce. griculture and interior. The following table presents sta ~istics showing a few of the great fac ors of our national wealth and sug ~ests the foundations upon which a ~reater American commerce may be Juilt: Approximate share of United U. S. in States. world total. Millions. P. C. rea (sq. miles) 3.6 7 Population . .. 102 6 ornproduct(bu) 2,600 68 heat product (bu.) .... .... 911 20 :otton product' (bales).........14 6 lugar prod ucet (pounds) . . .577 10~ 'obacco product (pounds . . . 791 C 2| THE RECORD SET FORTH WILSON ENDORSED BY MANY ( POLITICAL OPPONENTS. What He and the Democratic Party in Congress Has Done for the Peo ple. Nothing just like the Democratic Text Book for .1914, .now being dis- f tributed, has even been issued before. I It is a chronicle of brilliant achieve- I ments. It recites the fact that not A since the administration of George t Washington has a single congress en- t acted so much legislation of big mo- < ment to all the people. C The volume opens with a challenge in the form of twenty-two questions addressed to the Republican party, asking which of the great measures passed by the -Sixty-third Congress, and invariaby supported by Republi can members, would be repealed if the Repi1,blican party should be re turned to power. The final question is: "Do you endorse the action of those Republican leaders who exo riated the president for not seizing Mexico City, at the point of the bayo net, when they knew that by so doing he would have produced in the west ern hemisphere what there is in the eastern hemisphere-hell on earth?" The Democratic triumph in this par ticular instance is heralded in the caption printed on the front cover: "War in the East! Peace in the West! Thank God for Wilson!" The opening chapter of the book proper is entitled "What Woodrow Wilson and the Sixty-third Congress Have Achieved," in which are recited fifty-two fulfillments of pledges to the people, a record not only unsurpass ed but unapproached by any other political party 'in the history of the United States. Following this chapter is one tell ing of the wonderful story of "Watch ful Waiting." It was prel ared under the supervision of the state depart ment and relates authoritatively the admirable manner in which President Wilson handled the -Mexican situa tion. The text book contains a num ber of excerpts from editorials warm ly endorsing the result attained, which appeared in Republican and in dependent. newspapers, particularly -in the Pittsburg Gazette-Times, own ed and edilted .by United States Sen ator George T.-Oliver, and from the Ohio State Journal. The historical value of this chapter Is inestimable. Of course, the Federal Reserve Act and the' Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act' are dwelt upon at length. The chapters - devoted to these measures are rich in information and are writ ten in a- remarkably un.biased vein, the facts making parsianship unnec- I essary. Under the caption, "The President I Prevents. the Greatest of Strikes" is 4 told for the'.first time and in detail E the story of-how a tie-up of all the 4 western railroads, which would have I lasted many weeks,: if not months, I was forestalled by Woodrow Wilson appealing to the patriotism of rail- I road presidents and railroad laboring t men alike. The work of the federal board of conciliation and of the pres ident himself is brilliantly and faith fully related, inuch of the official cor respondence in the negoiatiations be - ing published for the first time.1 There notable chapiers are those con taining Republican and Bull Moose approval .of the acts of a Democratic congress. The first -contains more than 100 excerpts from complimen-I tary editorials appearing in opposi tion papers; the second is devoted to 4 portions of speeches delivered by Re publican and Bull Moose members of congress explaining why they consid ered it their patriotic -duty to disre gard party lines and follow the Dem ocrats, and the third contains a rec ord of Republican and Bull Moose votes in House and Senate for Demo cratic measures. What Woodrow Wilson and the Sixty-third~ Congress have done for the farmer In .the way of Improving his credit and -assisting him in mar keting his crops is described in sev eral chapters. It shows that, upon analysis, the agricultural problems of the country prove to have received more attention~ than- the public gen erally reaizes. No less important -than those deal ing withKfhat has been done for the farmer arte the chapters seeting forth legislation enacted and administra tive measures taken in behalf of the laboring man. . A perusal of the table of contents shows that not a subject having the slightest political Interest -has been overlooked in the preparation of this important and compact little book of .352 pages. The work of compilation was under the supervision of a com mittee'rcomposed of Robert WV. Wool ley, chairman and editor: Senator Benjamin F. Shively of Indiana; Rep resentatives E. T. Taylor of Colorado, and E. E. Reed of New Hampshire. and forirer Governor, of the Canal Zone, Richard -F. Metcalfe. Most of -C the chapters were written by such well known Washington correspond ents as D. Hastings* MacAdam, Otto - Praeger and Maurice Splain. DELIVERY BY CONTRACT. 11 Departmnent Hopes to Make Annualr Saying vi $20,000,000. E In order to reduce the cost of hay- t) ing mail distributed through the ru- ti ral districts the government may let fa out the work of carrying rural mail t< on contract. - -Postmaster General fl Burleson is in favor of this plan in stead of hiring rural carriers. The ci recent increase in the pay of rural a carriers has resulted in additional tl expense, and it-was made against the cl protest of the post office department. a: The political influence of the rural ti carriers may interfree, it is said, with lC he consummation of Postmaster Gen- F eral Burelson's plan. -It is estimated 14 that the government could save $20, 00,000 a year by letting th'e rural d service out by contract. c L 1E on farms . . . 59 15 w oal prod ucetw (short tons) . 534 40 w Aggregate wealth, estimated (dol- .c4 lars). .. ...140,000 No data etroleum p r o duct (barrels). 238 63 m opper product g. (pounds) . . . 1,243 55 01 ron ore (long tons) . . . -. 57 42 tl stock of goldn (dollars) . .- . . 1,880 22 alue of all farm roducts (dollars) 9,'751 No data j01 ialue of manufac- Ic tures (dollars) 20,672 No data mports in fiscal year 1914 (dol-. lars) .. ....2,365 12|Cd 'oreign trade fis- . t4 cal year 1914 (dollars) . . . 4,250 No data m )omestic trade fiscal year 1914. (dollars) . . . 40,000 No data ailways (miles) *259 38 oi MOVE TO SEACOAST rERMANS WANT COMPLETE POS SESSION OF BELGIUM. mmediately Upon the Fall of Ant werp Teutons Began Rapid Ad vance Across Belgian Territory The headquarters of the Belgian ,overnment, says a dispatch from ,ondon, were transferred Tuesday to lavre. With the exception of King Ubert, who remains at the head of he army. and the minister of war, he members of the cabinet with the >ther government officials and the iplomatic corps left Ostend by teamer for the French port where hey will carry on the affairs of state md where hospitality has been of ered them by the French govern nent. The American and Spanish minis ers, both of whom are still at Brus els, are the only diplomatic repre entatives accredited to Belgian re naining in that country. This is the hird move of the Belgium capital ince the Germans seized the forts of Aiege. The government first moved rom Brussels to Antwerp, thence to )stend and to-day across the line to lavre. This final change followed quickly ipon the German westward advance, vhich was -begun immediately after he fall of Antwerp. Success in tak ng the chief port of Belgium opened he way for a new plan of -campaign. ['his embraces the occupation of the vhole of Belgium, including the coast owns, and, if possible, some of the iorthern French ports. In accordance with this plan, the nvaders have begun to sweep across iorthern Belgium. They have occu ied Ghent without opposition and iow are said to be well advanced -to ards Ostend. They probably will neet strong opposition before they -each Bruges, as the Belgian army s being reorganized and has been re nforced. All dispatches from that region are eing censored strictly so nothing has seen learned of the operations since lhent fell into the hands of the Ger nans. The people are fleeing before ;he invaders and the steamers from )stend were crowded with regugees. The Germans are making a simul aneous western advance in southern elgium. Across the border in France L whole army corps has occupied Aille. Cavalry has been sent as far rest as Hazebrouck, which is on the 'ailway leading to both Calais and )unkirk. French forces have been ent to cut off, it. possible, this at empt to reach the coast and accord ng to French official communications ssued Tuesday, have taken the of ensive. This movement, besides being a nenace to the Allies' left wing, if suc essful, would arouse great enthu iasm in Germany, continues the Lon on dispatch, as an indication that he promised aerial attack against .ngland is about to .be carried out. ready bombs have been dropped on )stend from aeroplanes, while once he Germans reached the coast they ire in easy access of the British coast md London. The Germans, although they have rought heavy reinforcements from lermany and now can use at least a art of the troops which participated n the siege of Antwerp, are known o have withdrawn many troops from. heir front along the Aisne to rein orce the right wing, where they have >een striking hard at the Allies' left. According to the German official ~ommunication, "There is no impor ant news from the western war thea er. Violent attacks made by the memy east of Soissons have been re >ulsed. Heavy fighting continues in he -Argonnes. Our troops are mov ng forward through dense under rood in very difficult ground with lege trains for use against the forts. ['he French troops offer obstinate re tistance, firing from trees, where ma :h.ine guns are posted. Besides rifle its, which are arranged in tiers, they tave built strong points of support." The statement contradicts reports iven out by French army authori ies regarding success met with by he Allies in the Woevre region, and Lenies other reports. It continues: "All the French attacks at St. viihiel have been repulsed. Etain 12 miles northeast of Verdun) re nains in our possession." EGG-LAYING CONTEST. Covel Poultry Feature Will be Con ducted at the State Fair. One hundred sprightly pullets, all ged one year, will indulge in an egg aying contest at the State fair in solumbia from October 23 to 30. The ullets will be fed for egg production, .nd the contest will be between 10 arieties with 10 representatives of ach variety. Frank S. Hare, poul ry husbandman at Clemson college, nill be in charge of the egg-laying ontest. WV. W. Long, State agent in charge f farm demonstration work for the ederal department of agriculture, in 0-operation with Clemson college, ys that despite the long drought of ist summer and the present demor lization due to the war, the South arolina farm demonstrators were ar anging for the largest and most com rehensive exhibits of farm products ver shown at any State fair, and ossibly hte largest ever shown in te South. The exhibits will illus ate the growth of the work of the rm demonstrators and of the people >whom they are teaching .better ethods. "We will have exhibits from 44 Sunties in charge of demonstration gents," said Dr. Long. "In addition iere will be exhiibts from 25 tomato ubs, three booths from mill villages ad one booth showing the co-opera e work with the churches. The Ltter booth will be in charge of the .ev. W. H. Mills, of Clemson col "Of interest to stockraisers and airymen will be te showing of dairy >W and beef cattle," continued Dr. ong. "We will have six dairy cows the steel building. These animals ill be scientifically fed and milked ith sanitary utensils. The butter ill be made immediately and the hole operation from feeding the >ws to making the butter will .be iown. Six Herefords will be exhi .ted as types of beef cattle. They ill be in charge of two live stock en who will give information in re trd to feeding beef cattle and types breeds-. "There will be a special exhibit of e boys' corn club, each boy fur shing the best ear and the best ten Lrs from his acre." said Dr. Long. As there are 1,700 boys who are embers of corn clubs in South Car ia. we expect a large showing of Will Grant Their Independence. The United tSates House has pass l a bill declaring the intention ofr is government to recognize the in pendence of the Phillipines upona e establishment of a stable govern- e ent. t1 Arizona Militia Called Out. The governor of Arizcona has called t Lt the State militia to protect the a WAR WILL BE A DUEL ENGLAND AND GERMANY WILL FIGT THE WAR BUT LIKE NAPOLEON'S WAR - Capture of Antwerp Means Lengthen ing of War According to Expert Opinion of The New York Sun German Occupation of Belgimn In sures Bitter Fight. The New York Evening Sun says the immediatA value of Antwerp to the Germans is found in the fact that it establishes their position in Bel gium solidly. Hitherto with the Scheldt fortress in the hands of the Belgiums the Germans have been in the position of an assailing force which has carried the outer works of a fortress but is still outside the cita del. Just as long as the' Belgians held Antwerp the Germans had no safe line of defence north and west of the Meuse and the Sambre. They were compelled to hold this line, based on the fortresses of Liege, Namur and Maubeuge, in great strength both to protect their lines of communication and to assure their position in -Bel gium, which remained the one avail able gate to France. In case of an eventful retreat from the Aisne the Germans were confronted with the possibility of an attack from the north, the west and the south- at the same ime, and their defensive line would have to follow the outline of a huge V with the points on Liege and Metz. Such a tremendous extension of lines would require immense forces to hold them, and the advantage of numbers was bound to be against them. Antwerp taken, the whole German line shortens up automatically and follows the Scheldt south from Ant werp by Ghent in a broad curve to the French frontier. Three-quarters of Belgium is now solidly held. All danger of attacks from the north, of raids upon the line of communication vanishes. Save-for the little-block of territory between the Scheldt and the North Sea the whole of King Albert's kingdom, with whatever resources it still retains, is in German possession. First of all, then, the Germans have completely established them selves in Belgium, and the task of driving them out will be long and tedious, even if the Allies presently succeed along the Aisne. Weeks and months of persistent fighting must, in the most optimistic view of allied prospects, precede any arrival of French and British armies on the Belgo-German frontier. In addition Germany will all this time hold the Belgian gate to France and if suc cessful against Russia can presently concentrate her masses for a ne' drive at Paris. Another advantage quite as imme diate is that a certain number of Ger man trdops are now released for ser vice In France. The escape of the bulk of the Belgian army from Ant werp, however, and its junction with British troops between Ostend and Ghent, plainly compels the retention of a large portion of the army used against Antwerp in the north until Ostend is taken. Patently the new lighting just breaking out around Ghent is the opening of a German drive to com plete the conquest of Belgium. -If Ostend can be taken then Germiany has nothing more to fear from a flank attack from the Belgian coast, and apart from a minor garrison her whole Belgian army can face south to meet the Allies. In the meantime the fighting north and west of Lille suggests that the Germans, who have also been report ed at Ypres, are driving a wedge be tween the allied armies moving north by Arras toward ILille and the Anglo Belgian force standing before Ostend. This is preliminary to a strong drive at Ostend. As Napoleon swept Sir John Moore's troops back to Corunna and then out of Spain altogether, the Ger mans are now seeking to capture or at the least expel the last organized force in Belgium. 'Probably the strug gle along the Aisne, so far as the Germans are concerned, will remain defensive until the Ostend operation is terminated. It remains to consider the possible use of Antwerp as a base for attack upon England. The neutrality of the Scheldt is guaranteed -by Holland, but it is unlikely that Germany would listen to Dutch protest if there were actual advantage to be had by using the river. Brut passive consent on the part of Holland to such an at tempt would inevitably mean the blockade of Holland by the British fleet and the complete closing of the single direct avenue to the outside world which Germany now possesses. Napoleon held Antwerp until his fall in 1814, but British control of the sea made this city an empty threat so far as England was con erned. If the Germans should de feat the British at sea then the real value of Antwerp to them would .be established. Until that time it seems destined rather to be an incidental annoyance and a future danger in the larger view than an immediate peril. Antwerp in German hands is. quite patently, a guarantee that England will continue to fight William II as she did Napoleon. More and more each day the war is growing into a duel between the German and the Briton. In taking Belgium Germany has made a long advance toward her reatest rival. That she will surren der Belgium unless completely de 'eated is utterly improbable, for hold ng it she approaches the goal she has Long sought. More than anything that has yet iappened the capture of Antwerpi oints toward a long war. It givesi 3ermany a potential advantage in her ~ontest with Great Britain for world mpire which must compel the Brit sh people to persist in the struggle. rhe Great War now in an even more I :omplete fashion takes on th.e char tcter of the Napoleonic conflict; for ngland the issues are now precisely he same. At least, if they failed to. erceive it before, the whole British eople must now recognize the nature I if the war and act upon their knowl Yet it is necessary in conceding the xtent of German success at Antwerp. o recognize that for immediate pur ioses the possession of the city is of 3 elatvely minor importance. German t urpose has been and must remain to t et to Paris after crushing the French C ailitary resources utterly. Save as C releases one or two additional army C 'orps- the capture of Antwerp does 8 t contribute to this end. I. From start to finish the Belgian hase of the war has. been to Ger- I rany a costly and unforeseen hind- E ance. Belgium has played against t. \illiam II the role Spain has played t gainst Napoleon. At the decisive r oment in the advance to the Marne C ie Belgians held troops in their king- 0 om which were essential to victory I1 r France. Partly in consequence of a his the first invasion was checked 11 nd repelled. British reinforcements have come up. British colonials and Indian troops are in the field. To this extent Bel gium has played a tremendous part in the allied campaign. Her army is still intact, but if Its role is hence forth less considerable, there can yet be no exaggeration of its previous usefulness, of its influence in shaping the events of the first ten weeks of the war.-The New York Evening Sun. KILL THE MOSQUITO. Cold Weather and Some Effort Win Help Destroy Pest. About a week ago we printed a short article of Dr. W. A. Evans of Chicago, upon the fly, and how efforts should be made to kill them out now. We are copying his remarks about the mosquito which was in the same article: "The relation of cold weather to mosquitoes is of even greater impor tance than its relation to files. Mos quitoes can not live out of doors in cold weather. In addition to other points, cool weather stops the. evolu tion of the malarial parasite in the infected mosquito. When the tem perature drops .below 60 the malarial organisms in the body of a mosquito are arrested in their development and such a- mosquito later biting a susceptible man does.not infect him. Paralleling this, it is well known that a man with a chronic malarial infec tion in whom the parasites are lying. quiet, if subjected to cold weather is liable to begin having chills. "As the weather begins to get cool It is on the hot, still. moist nights that mosquitoes make life a burden. When a chill is in the air, Mrs. Mos quito is sluggish, non-aggressive and has no appetite for blood. As the cool nights continue it recognizes the need of some snug harbor. It tries. persistently to find a place which its Instinct tells It will be warm. The females of the domesticated varieties are apt to hibernate in some dwell ing, cellar, barn or outhouse. There they-live in a dormant state. "Herrick tells us that 'probably a majority of these hibernating mos quitoes die before spring. Those females that survive the wInter be come active in early spriag, and, af ter feeding or sometimes without ob taining food they -seek a convenient pool of water on. which to deposit eggs.' By keeping mosquitoes out of the house as the weather -begins to, get cold, we ward, against anhoyance for the next year. It is the few which difference. "No plan of ridding a house of mosquitoes in cold weather equals screening them out as the weather gets cold. It is wise, as the autumn comes on, to go over the screens -for holes and places where the screen does not fit snugly. It Is also wise to spray the screens with kerosene or wipe them off with a kerosene cloth occasionally. After the mosquitoes have got in some good can be accom plished by burning sulphur. Per haps very careful, experienced people are justified in using hydrocyanic gas. Better than either, when feas ible, is to freeze out the house a few. times during the winter. LONG SIEGES OF HISTORY. Confederates Defense of ,Richmnond Extended Over Four Years. The Franco-Prussian war of 1870 71 was remarkable for its seiges, says Tit-Bits. Bazaine held out at Metz against the Germans for nearly two months, and finally surrendered with 6,000 officers and 173,000 men. For this he had to submit to court martial, and was senteliced to twenty years' imprisonment. Afterward came the siege of -Paris, which lasted six months. Thousands of shells were rained on the city every day -by the Germans. and no fewer than 40, 000 of the inhabitants succumbed to disease and hunger. *That lengthy sieges are quite possible, even in these days of huge guns, is illustrated by Chukri Pasha's gallant defence of Adrianople last 'year for 155 days. Then there was the comparatively re cent great siege of Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-05, which finally capitulated after 'being blockaded by Admiral Togo for 210 days. The name of Gen. Stoessel will rank with those of the greatest soldiers of modern times. In Ottoman and Russian military history there has never been a siege like that of Plevna in 1877, when Osman Pasha defied the Russians for 144 days, and finally surrendered on December 10, with 30,000 men and 100 guns, owing to provisions and ammunition running short. In the same year Kars, long the bulwark of the Ottoman Empire in Asia, was stormed by the Russians after a siege of five months. Twenty-two years earlier the fortress had been bril iantly defended for eight months against the llussians by the Turks under Gen. Williams. who had but 15,000 men against 50,000. Even these sieges, however, are somewhat insignificant when compar ed with some others. The longest siege occurred in the Amerian civil avar, when the Confederates defended the town of Richmond for 1,485 days, yr just over four years. Sebastopol, n the Crimean war, held out for leven months, while Gen. Gordon de ~ended Khartoum against the Sou lanese for 300 days. The sieges of Gadysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking, n the South African war, lasted 120, [23 and 261 days, respectively. Therei s probably, however, n'o siege which 3ritishers like to read about so much Ls that carried out by France and1 spain in their endeavors to carry the R~ock of Gibraltar. 17 79-83. Alto ~ether the siege lasted nearly four rears, and, as the world knows, re-< ulted in a complete triumph of Brit-i sh arms, in spite of the fact that the mnemy numbered 30.000 to 40,000 nen, while the defenders could only nuster 7,000O. MAKES NO CODIET. tryan Says Nothing About Jap Seiz ure of Jaluit Island. Secretary Bryan Tuesday declined n the absence of all the facts to ex ress any opinion as to whether the 'apanese foreign office's announce 2ent that Japan's war activities ;ould be confined, to the Far East. The secretary plainly was expect ag the early arrival of some official tatement of the ultimate purpose of Ih. act. Already Mr. Bryan has in rested himself in Japanese military perations against the German con-I ession in Shan Tung, probably be ause of the appeal from the Chinese1 overnment against the alleged vio tion of Chinese integrity. The landing on Jaluit, in Marshallt sland, however, has neot yet been ade the subject of representation 1 > the state department, possibly forC 1e reason that there is no one in a ' osition corresponding to that ofa hiina. In Samoa. it is pointed out by ffcials, the United States has a very vely interest in any change in the >vereignty of the group because of tl te proximity of the German-owned TI lands to the American Island of si FUT FOR FIIAN 1e HNDR AREIEANS AE IN EIIEIG LEGiION. S8ilL I fOITINE Regiment Made Famous on Fields of Algiers and' Morocco Now Has Among Its Number 200 Americans -Regiment Has Never Yet Re treated. Six weeks ago about 200 American residents of Paris offered their ser vices as' fighting men to'the French government. The offer was accepted, but since then the Americans have dropped out of the sight of the public. The following account of the move ments of the movements of the de tachment has been sent from Chalons by one of the volunteers: "At last we are on our -way toward the fighting district, and you can ex pect, to get word of lots of action when we. enally come up with the Germans. "We. are now part of the -Foreign Legion, possibly the most fainous French fighting regiment; we are proud of the regiment, and I think that the others are proud of us.. And. there is still room on our famous standard for the names ofa few more battles, and if we ddn't get into them pretty soon France will have more troubles on her 'hands than Germany and Austria are causing her. "'o go -back to the beginning, wo left Rouen for Toulouse, along with about 2,000 volunteers -of various nationalities, on September 1.~ We felt pretty bad when we heard we were going to be sent in an opposite directionr to the 4ghting, but they told Us it would only be for a short time.' "They shipped 1fs to Toulouse box cars. It.wasn't so bad, because they allowed us plenty of hay and straw to sleep, -and that made it nice and snug. 'The- trip took three days, and we Americans had lots of fun. At every stop :the French, men and women, gathered indad our cars, loaded us down with-fruit, food di all sorts, and a-great-deal of winei and we had a lot of fun -cracking jokes with the girls along the road. '1%hy regarded us as the' saviors of France. - "Wi- got to Toulouse on September .4 and were marched to. the new Perignon barracks. :The next morn ing we were surprised to see a regi ment of tiavel stained soldiers march ing into our barracks. "At first we thought theyr werei French regulais, as their. uniforms -, were of the usual type, but then we noticed that they wore huge sashes' around their waists, and we recognirk id them as that magnificent regiment of hardened veterans, the Foreign - Legion. They werd headed by thei famous -.band :nd followed by their train of mules. - Thiy had come from Saida, Algiers. "And let me tell you that there.s no better fighting regiment tan this same Foreign Legion. It has upheldi tdI honor of France in Algeria and Morocco ad has' won its reputation. in scores of desperate battles. - "It wages a guerfila style of war fare that has made It the most feardd regiment in Africa; it has never rey. treated in its history. France may well be proud of It, as we are wge - servewith-it. "It accepts any one-who -wan~t' - join it, and asks no questions. have no -dou,bt that theremrufi~ expert safe-crackerss in the- regimentM. although It woexld be hard to pick; them out, and for that matter, there are many who are undoubtedly aris- - tocrats, and it would b~e hard- to Wik them out. "It never asks questions :concern ing a man's past; doubtless 'many of' the men are enrolled -under names which are not their own. There are princes, cab drivers, barons, waiters, ex-priests, burglars,:lawyers and day laborers. One private, nainied- Deco catrix (or using that name), receives one franc a day allowance by com-t mand of the Pope, anid that Is alL that we have been able to learn about him. - -"'The day after the Foreign Legion arrived about thirty non-commission --- ed officers took all 'of us who had. come from Rouen and began to teach us the French drill, which, .by the way, is much the same as that used by the American army. Out of the 2,000 volunteers at Toulouse it was decided to pick -about 300,-ande put them into the Foreign Legion. "Imagine our joy when we learned that all the Americans would be pick ed for this honor. We couldn't have hoped for better luck, for with the Foreign Legion we get all the fighting any one regiment can get-the regi ment's reputation for fighting is so. good that they couldn't keep us from the front. "There is much less formality with this regiment than with any other. If a private Is' lying on the ground and an officer saunters along the' pri vate doesn't have to jump up and give a stiff salute. He stays on the ground, smoking his cigarette, and the two men nod, or smile, and 'bonjour' each other like equals. "The only thing. that counts -is fghting ability, and the only thing impressed upon a newcomer is the tradition of the regiment that a man nust never surrender or retreat--he must fight until he is killed, no mat ter what the odds against him are. ."In spite of the lack of formality :here is no lack of discipline. Officers ddress men familiarly, but when 'an yrder is given I have not yet seen a nan obey it except with all the alac ity possible. ' "We've been kept busy ever since re were put into the Legion. We rill from 4 a. m. until 5 p. in., narching and shooting without a stop. Many of us have grown beards, Lnd you would have a hard time pick ng the Americans out from the vet rans, except that we are taller than nost of the others. But what they ack in size they make up in solid nuscle, for a stronger or more hardy ot of men wei-e never got together. "Our uniform consists of the ordi tary blue French military overcoat, vith the famous red trousers and the ash that marks us for the ,regimnent re are. We carry the standard rifle, vith bayonet. Our pack weighs fity ive pounds and consists of a canvas ack for our personal effects, on 'top 'f which we place our blankets, and hen we roll our tents over them, trapping over it .our eating and trinking tins. With the rifle and artridges it make a pretty heavy yad, but after a while we get used o it. "It's been pretty hard work drill 2g, but that's all over now, and we're if to fight for our lives. We left 'oulouse on September 27, and ve're 1 heartily glad of it." Man Killed by Horse. E. P. Evatt of Greenville was irown from his frightened horse 'uesday night and was almost in :antly killed by hitting the corner of