Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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SOUTH CAROLINA MILITARY ACADEMY. At your last session you increased the annual appropriation of this institution to $25,000, with a view of reducing the charges to the cadets from $30 to $250 per annum. This reduction was made by the board of visitors at their meet ing last June, and the board hopes this action will tend n.aterially to Increase the number In atterndance. The health, of the students ha; been good, and the affairs of the Institution have been well niagaaed. An appropriation of $26.250 as asked for. Tie recent annual reunion of the stu-. dents was very largely attended by graduates from all over the country, and the spirit shown by them was most gratifying and augurs well for the fu ture prosperity of this academy. COLORED COLLEGE. From the report of the president of this institution it is learned that the: total disbursements for the year end ing June 30th, 1901, were $32,350. An ap propriation from the legislature of $13,328 will be asked. This institution is. doing a good work for the colored; people of the State, and should have: your encouragement. In addition to the above, an appropriation of $700 for making, preparing and installing an exhibit at the Charleston exposition will be asked. A SOLDIERS' HOME. Within the past few years the neces sities of many of the old Confederate soldiers whose names are enro'led In the ranks of those who volunteered! from this State have been forcibly brought to the attention of our people. In some cases those who have no means of support and no one on whom to de pend in their declining years are en during want and hardship and priva tion. Some of them even now are in the county poor houses. These are the men who In the time of their youth and strength, in answer to the call of their State in the darkest hour of her history, sacrificed their all and went forth to serve her and to de fend her rights on the field of battle. The record of the part they played in that conflict is familiar to you and to the whole world. and needs not to be repeated here. St.flice it to say they did their duty and their whole duty, and more than most men would have considered their.who!e duty, in the de fense of their State. Nearly a half cen tury has passed since then, and most of them have answered their last roll call and gone to join their comrades on the other shore. But few of them are left! among us, and it should be the privi lege and the pride of South Carolina to: see that not one of these who served her so well in the hour of her need is in want in this the evening of his life. It will be only a few short years at best when there will be no necessity for: you to consider this question. for there will be no one to occupy a Confederate Soldiers' Home. If you ever expect to do anything for the old soldiers along this line, now Is the time. It is action that is needed, and not talk. . In this connection I beg to submit an F extract from the report of the board of regents from the hospital for the in sane: "In view of the consideration by the general assembly of the advisability of providing a home for Confederate vet erans, the board of regents desire to present to your excellency the practica bility of using the tract of land em bracing about fifty acres upon the Wal lace purchase, known as the Bellevue! Place. * * 9: Upon this tract could now be begun a series of permanent buildings adapted to all the uses of the veterans, and In time they could revert to the regents for the purposes of this hospital. By this method the veterans would be given such buildings as they deserve, since in view of the future use of-these buildings the State could we11) afford to expend a larger sum upon their construction than could be done! for merely temporary buildings." This plan strikes me as entirely prac ticable, and I commend It as a happy solution of. the question. At the pres efit rate of increase among the occu pantls of the hospital for the insane the; buildings will be needed by the hospital by the time there Is no longer need for It as a Confederate Home. and the State will only be building for the fu ture by adopting this plan and utilizing this property for the pufpose indicated. Of course it should be understood that the management of the ho'me should in no way be connected with the manage ment of the hospital, but a separate and distinct institution. THE DISPENSARY. This question has been so much dis cussed, both: on the stump and in the: halls of legislation, and so bitterly fought by Its enemies and so strongly defended by its friends that everyF phase of It is familiar to ycu and to the people. It is now more strongly en-. trenched in this State than ever before, and it may be considered as the fixed policy of the State for dealing with they liquor problem. Its benefits and advan tages are patent to every fair-minded' and unprejudiced critic. That there Is a violation of the law in certain sec tions is no argument against thie sys tem. Even in Charleston and Colum bia, the sections of the State where there have been more violations of the law than in any other.. the municipal authorities have come to realize the fact that the dispensary system is the fixed policy of the State for dealing with the liquor problem.. and have adopted ordinances provid.ing for the punishment of violators. If the mayors: and councils of all cities and towns would exert themselves vigorously in enforcing the law and bringing to jus-F tice those who violate it there would be no necessity for maintaining a large constabulary force. As public senti ment grows more and more in favor of' the law this will be done. That pub lic sentiment is growing in favor of the system must be admitted by every careful observer. The management of the dispensary for the past year has been business-F like and satisfactory. The State board Iof directors and the State commissioner have worked in harmony, and every thing has moved smoothly. these of ficers having been faithful to the trust imposed. Tile report of the directors, which will be submitted to you, showsF gross sales of $2,328,681.21. with a net profit to the State of $120..962.23 on ac count of school fund. The net profits to the counties and towns amounted to $424.83.87, making a total net profit for the year of $343,Z48.12. The report states that the school fund at present amounts to $G11,354.3S, but that it is available very slowly for payment to the schools, inasmuch as it is used as working capital. In the management of the constabu lary I have tried to select men of judg-. ment and discretion, who would per-' form their duty and at the same tGme cause no friction in the enforen::nt of the law. There is, and has been, and! will continue to be. violation of the law. F as there is of all law, and an arimy of constables could not enforce it abso lutely in all sections of the State. It would be hetter for the law if It were. possible to do away with the constabn lary feature entirely, and this could be done if the municipal author'iies Fand other omicers throughout 'he State would lend their aid i the enforcement of' this layw as Fthey do of other laws. 'This is the case in many sections of the State. and it is getting more and more so through out the entire State. and as p.ublic sen timent grows in favor of the system th'e constabulary may be removed entirely During the year' closing Novem'iber 30 there had been 272 convictions for vio lation of the dispensary law: $23AS6 im posed as fines. of which amount $4,.3 was paid, and 13i7 of th'- convicts took Fthe alternat i'.e on the chaingang. The total cost of the constabuIar'y for the year was $43.01t.:. attendance required for at least 12 weeks of the school term. The status of the public schools is al:ott the saml-: as it w' as at the tiLme er your tast .si. Th-: average schods term for the past year for the white schools, according to the State superintendent's report, was 21 weeks. exactly the same as the one for the year rev.ous: for the negro schools the term was 14 weeks, one week less than for the previous year. It may be re marked that the State superintendent reports that in a few of the coun ties there are so many inaccuracies in the report submitted to him as to the average number of weeks as well as the other averages and totals, that the reports in his report cannot be abso lutely relied upon. 1 desire to repeat he:e what I said last year: The importance of levy Ing an additional tax for the support of the country schools cannot be too strongly urged upon our people. This wIll enable them to employ competent teachers for longer terms: it will en able them to give their children ele mentary and preparatory training at home; and it will tend to check the abnormal flow of population from the country to the town; it will be bene ficial from every point of. view. While it is possible for the graded schools to become too mechanical and inelastic. the irregularity in attendance at the country schools renders it impossible to have graded instruction or system atic work. The character of the super vision of the schools in the country is very poor in consequence ot the in adequate salaries paid the County Superintendents. who must give a large portion of their time to other wQrk than that of supervising the schools. Some provision should be made to secure more permanent boards of trus tees and county boards of education. The tenure of oflce in the boards of trustees Is two years. Most of these boards not being sure of their continu ance in office are unable to employ a teacher for more than one year-a very unfortunate system of affairs, as there can be no continuous school work fr6m year to year without some per manence of tenure. County boards should be elected by the people in such a vay as not to change entirely at one time; and the boards of trustees should be elected on a somewhat similar plan. The State superintendent calls atten tion to a plan for securing better school houses. This should be given most careful consideration. because the best results in training children cannot be obtained 'in shabby and -uncomfortable school houses. The total expenditure for the Year for. whites was. $726.S25 44 For negroes.. ..........211.2S7 56 Total.. ........$938.113 00 The total expenditures for last year for whites was..$693,S07 60 For negroes.. ....... 203,033 45 -TotaLi... .. ..............96.841 05 WINTHROP COLLEGE. The present session promises to be the most successful in the history of Winthrop college. There are 297 pu pils enrolled in the normal department -an increase of 120 in two years and of 66 over the session previous. Every county in the State is represented in tbe enrollment, which is much greater than ever before in the history of the school. The health of the student body Is -reported as good. The much-needed new dormitory building was completed in time for the opening of the session last October and the new sewerage system provided for by the general assembly has been suc cessfully installed within the appropri n.tlon made for it.t - The college has an excellent exhibit at the Charleston exposition. . The board of trustees have carefully considered the needs of the college for another year and an itemized state ment of the amounts which will be necessary will be submitted to you. Winthrop College is the only institu tion. supported by the State for the Nhigher education of its wotnen, and It 'is, at It should be. the pride of South Carolina. It should receive your sup port and encouragement and the. sup port and encouragement of every citi zen of the ~tate. SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. This institution has just entered upon the second hundred years of its life with a record behind it of which any Institution might well be proud and with bright prospects for the future. The number of students increases yearly, going from 162 four years ago to .227 during the past session. Its affairs are discreetly managed. Econ omy and care are exercised in mak ing its means go as far as possible In providing for the health and comfort axid instruction of its students. A clear statement and detailed estimate of all Items or expenditure is present ed to you by the authorities, so that you can see both what is needed and how nuch it will cost. . The college Is doing excellent work and deserves the liberal support of the State. and should be sustained and strengthened in Its earnest efforts to exalt the ideals and standards of ed ucation and culture. INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCA TION OF THE DEAF AND BLIND The gifty-third annual report of the South Carolina Institution for the Education of the Deaf and the Blind shows an average attendance for the year of 163 pupils, representing 34 counties. The expenditures have been kept within the .appropriation made for the support of this institution. The cost of maintenance for the school year beginning.d.uly 1. 1900. and end Ing June 30, 1901, wa.s $21,227.92. This makes a per capita cost of $130.23' for each pupil.. The building -for the department for colored pupils has been completed atr.i is. -now occupied by that department. The new "school building"' for which the last legislature appropriated $20.000 is .now in process of erection and will be ready for occupancy by the begin ning of the next school term. The stiperintenden-t asks for an f ap propriation of $23,000- for support. The increase in number of pupils In attend ance and the ginater cost of living ex penses creates the necessity for the Increase in appfopriation for support over that of last year. Appropriations amonnting to $5.S59 are deemed neces sary for steam heating. plumbing. electrIc wiring and furnishing the new school building, and for necessary re .pairs and refurnishing the main build ing and for insurance of furniture. etc. .The affairs of the institution have been conducted in a practical. business like: manner. and the amount asked for maintenance Is a conservative estimn ate and should be granted. CLEMSON COLLEGE. Itemized statements of the expendi tures of this institution wvill be sub mitted to you. A large amount of the expenditure is for general purposes. such as farmers' institutes. State en tnmological work. and the State fertil izer inspection. As compared with other colleges of the sanme size and c:haracter the cost of maintaining this institution is below the average. A new dormitory has been built in order to make room for the increasing num ber of applicants clamoring for ad mis~sionl to this institution. .Tt should be a matter of congratulationl to the people of the State that they have an insitution of such high grade, doing the work that Clemson does at which our young men can be taught in those branches which will enable them to take a leading part in the practical .dffairs of life and the material ad veancem'ont of thelr State and country. This institution deserves, as it will re eive, the hearty support an~d e:ncour agemient of the reresen1tatives of the VeOple mum fine in case of conviction for vio lation of the dispensary law be made $Z0 instead of $100, and that the mini mum service remain at three months. There are cases when it would be better for the counzy and State to have $50 than three months' service and when It would be paid if the judge had the disc- t'ion to impose it. In dealing with this question your only purpose should be to Improve and perfect the system. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. The report of the State board of health, showing their work for the year and making several recommenda tions, will be submitted to you. During the past year smallpox ap peared in several sections of the State. Such cases as were reported to nie were immediately brought to the attention of the board and in every instance ef forts were made to suppress the disease by the enforcement of general vaccin ation. According to the weekly health reports of the United States Marine hospital service there were in the Uni ted States in October, 1901, twice as many cases as at the same time In 1900. This should be a warning to all local boards of health to act promptly at the first appearance of a case and enforce vaccination. The most eco nomical and effective measure in stamping out the disease is to vaccin ate and, owing to the widespread prevalence of the disease throughout the country recently, it would be wise to take some action making vaccina tion at certain stated periods compul sory throughout the State. The board calls attention to the fact that in 189N an act was passed "to pro vide for the inspection of :ood, drugs, spirituous and fermented liquors, and to provide for the punishment for adul terations thereof," and making it the duty of the State board of health to carry out its provision. No appropria tion was ever made. however, to enable the board to carry out the provisions of the act, and it has therefore been prac tically of no effect. The inspection of foods and drugs is a very Important rmiatter, as on the use and consumption of pure food and drugs <depends the life and health of our citizens, and some action should be taken which will enable this law to be enforced. There is no doubt that at present there is much adulteration of food and drugs and a law of this kind.should be made effective. The board also recommends that the office of State bacteriologist be created, giving as a reason, "the great need of competent expert service to detect the eaxly manifestations of disease as shown by laboratory test," especially of suspected tuberculosis or consump tion In its early stages, diptheria and typhoid fever. The board thinks the spread of these diseases could then in many :nstances be checked at the very sovt'ce and by early discovery and treatment of the cases restore to health a large number of those with the dis ease. Several other recommerdation are made which are embodied l:a the report to be submitted to you. STATE MILITIA. I deem it scarcely necessary to call your attention to the ever increasing necessity of the State having at its command. a well organized and well equipped volunteer soldiery--ever ready "to aid by its moral effect the preser vation of peace and good order in our commonwealth." Its maintenance seems imperative. Therefore I deem it likewise unnecessary to nuggest that the dignity of the State, the pride of her'people, the safety of life, the pro tection of property, and wisdom of sound statesmanship, all demand that the militia of the State be -cared for and liberally supported. It is generally recognized that under the present direction of the State's miltary department the volunteer ser vice has been vastly imprcved and an imnetus given to Its rrogress and dis cipline that deserves and .eceives my heartiest commendation. I may say that In every instar:ce during my oc cupancy of the executive chair when ever an emergency has occurred that necessitated a call on the militia to as sist in preserving the peace and pro tecting the property of ou' people, offi cers and enlisted men alike have obeyed orders with the greatest alac rity, courage and coolness, In May last at the unveiling of the monument at Chicamauga erected by South Carolina In commemnoration of her heroes who there fought and fell, I consider it a matter of' pride and patriotism to have the volunteer troops to do honor to the occasion, and I therefore directed the adju':ant general to form a provisional regiment from among those in the service. Nine comn panes composed the format ion and Col. Wilie Jones was appointed the colonel In command. The cost of transporta tion was $1.87S.25, which the military board decided to pay out o:f the annual appropriation made to advance the efficiency of the State militia. The ad jutant general in his report asks that the said amount be added to the next appropriation, and 1 recommend that this be done. In all such public State or national demonstrations the various States of the Union cheerful ly bear all the expenses of their v'olunteer troops. Anything which you may do to in crease the efficiepcy of our State militia will be welcomed by the people of the State. and every true citizen will hail with satisfaction the day when South Carolina shall bc able to follow the laudable example of some of her sister States in amply providing for and fnantaning that importan-:. arm of the State gove ment. CONFUERATE RECORDS. The adjutant and inspector general. in whose department the Confederate rolls are plac'ed for prescrvation, in forms me that almost daily he is called upon by old soldiers or tLeir kinsmen for permission to examine the rolls in search of the names of relatives and for correction and for various other puroses. Such daily examilnation and handling naturally results in the wear of the rolls and the fading of the names. These rolls are very incom plete, it is true. but an appropriation should be made for printing them in book form so as to preserve in per manent shape that part of the .record for which the State has already made consIderable expenditure. As a testi monial of gratitude for the patriotism of those who served their IState so well in this conflict, South Carolina should no longer defer this important matter. but should at once take some action to preserve this link in our history, and make provision for the perservation of this record. The organizations of Veterans. Sons of Veterans and Daughters: of, the Con federacy are agitating the question and making preparation to undertake the werk, in a systematic 'ay, of com pleting and perfectIng tl-ese records. and in thceir efforts they should have your encoragement. But to preserve and put in permanent sh: pe w~hat we have, will in no way interfere with this work', hut will be of asSis ance in ear rin.:r it forward. PENSIONS. At the Inst session of tha legislature, the act to provide for pensions for cer tain soldiers and sailors, approved February 19, 1000. was am *ded so as to appropriate $150,000.00 annually to pay the pensions provided by this act. The appo'riation bill. however, carried only $100.000.00 for this pt~rpose. That 'aisdl doubt in the mind of the State treasurer as to whether $l(0y00.00 or $50,00(0.00 had been appi opriated for pensions. and he refused to honor the comptroller general's warrant for $150, 000.00. Under this condition of affairs mandanmus proceedings were instituted to settle the~ zuestion. It was argued before the supreme court and decided hy the' court that the amount appro pried was only $100,000."0. The dIs tribution of the~ fund was tiereforo If it was your intention to pay the e pensioners In-1901 $150,00.00 an appro priation of $50,000.00 for this purpose c will be necessary at this session.s There were on the rolls last year 6,503 c pensioners. In part 2 of the comp- r troller general's report you will find ar. 1 itemized statement of the distributior r of this fund. together with a list ofi pensioners on the roll. In this report the comptroller calls a special attention to the fact that ir distributing his money, a soldier 60 years of age who was not wounded or injured in service, fares the same s the wounded soldier, and the wido a whose husband was killed in battle or died while In service, and who was not remarried, shares equally with the 60 1 year old widow, who lost her husband within the last two years. He also submits a suggestion as to classification and the amount to be paid. As the comptroller general :s.s familiar with this subject his sugges tion should have your careful atten tion. UNVEILING OF THE CHICAMAUGA MONUMENT. The monument which, through your generosity, has been erected at Chica mauga to commemorate the heroism displayed by the Confederate soldier from South Carolina on that battlefield was unveiled w h appronriate exer cises on the 27th of last May. The monument i; one of the most beautiful and appropriate on the field. It is made of South Carolina granite, and on the one side is a bronze life-size Con I federate infantryman, and on the other a Confederate artilleryman. The top of the monument is a graceful bronze palmetto tree, the emblem of the Pal metto State. On one side is the in scription: "To her faithful sons at Chicamauga South Carolina erects this monument to commemorate the valor they proved and the lives they gave on this battlefield." On the other are the names cf the regiments which rep resented South Carolina in this battle, and to the members of which this monument was erocted, together with the number of kilfed and woundedd from each. The exerc;ses at the unveiling were Inost appropriate and were largely at tended by veterans and citizens from South Carolna. For a detailed de scription of the monument and account of the exercises I refer you to the pub lished report of the commissioners. All true sons of South Carolina re- I joice that she has at Inst done her duty ] to her sons who fought and fell on this historic field. REDISTRICTING. At your last session you had before you for consideration several bills for redistricting the State. None was passed and the whole subject wil come up for consideration at this session. There no longer exists any reason for the shoe-string districts, which we 1 -have in this State and It is a duty you , owe the people to redistrict the State 1 into congressional districts that will be i I compact and contiguous in territory. I This should be done without regard to the political fortunes or interest of any 1 individual and solely with a view of serving the -interests of the people of the several districts. At the last ses- i j on of the congress of the Unit tates an act was passed in which the 1 following section occurs: "Section 3. That In each State en titled under -this apportionment the 1 number to which such State may be entitled in the Fifty-eighth and each 1 subseqnlent congress shall be elected by districts composed of contiguous and compact territory and containing! as nearly as practicable an equal num ber of inhabitants." You will note that this act of con gress provides that the districts 'shall" be composed of territory "compact and 1 contiguous." This may not be manda- J tory, but as there is no reason at pres et for the congressional districts re maining as they are it seems to be the part 6f wisdom and good judgment I at this session to pass an act making them "contiguous" and more "com pct. any attention in this country and even now~ oniy a few" States have made any sy stematic efforts to prevent the w'anton destrupction of the forests, and: to enact such laws as will tend to- 'keep thi'e supply of merchantable lumber. Ini our ow,~n State our people have been almost recktless in the destruction of valuatble timbe~r without even realizing it .And it Is not likely that we will be able as yet to arouse them to the im pr tance of the subject. The State of Nw York is foremost in the work of forst preservation, and while this w ork is y et in its infancy even in that Stte. it is accomplishing much that w ill be of inestimable benefit to the fu ture. The department of agriculture has a forestry division and its officers are ready at any time to assist in the way of instructing land owners as to Ithe best methods to pursue either for the preservation of standing tinthber or of planting land that is entirely open with the young trees or with seed. One of the most Important things in connection with the wprk is to instr-.ct te people as to the real value of their timber lands, and in this way prevent them from ignorantly disposing of these at prices that are far below their value. As we have no depart~rnent of agri culture except in connection with Clem son college the work of beginnig and laying plans for the preservation of our forests might be left to this institution. but even a few thousand dollars spent on tlhis wvork would pay big returns in I LOUISANA PURCHASE EXPOSI .TION. Next year will he the one hundredth anniversary of the purchase by the V United States of the Louisiana terrn-] tory. This great territory was pur caed from F~rance in 1803. and at peent comprises nearly all of the I States of Louisiana. Arkansas. Mis-< ~ouri, Iowa. MInnesota. North t.nd i South Dakota. Nebraska. a great part'' of Kainsas, the Indian territory, Colo rdo and W yoming, and all of Indiana,.t Montana. Oregon and Washington. To clerat the centennial anniversary of this ev ent, the Louisiana Purchase 1 exposition will be held in St. Louis. Mo.. during 1903. The management of< this exposition desires the assistancei and cooperation of the various States ]: of the Union in this enterplrise. Five million dollars have been appropriated 1 for this purposc by the general govern-i ment and $10.000.000 by the city of St.] Louis. and already several States have I made appronriations for buildings and] exhibts. The purpose for which the exposiion has been undertaken is a patiotic one and no doubt the expo-i ston will be a great success and much< good accomplished. COU NTY GOV'ERNMENT. The econmy wilth which the county| f'airs are managed fixes largely the l weight of the burden of taxation upon !I: the people. Apart fom the interest on t'e State dlebt and the constitutional tx for thec public schools the tax for the support. of the State government i very small. It shouldl rnA be yorr busi re to ariop't special legislation for 'your indiv-idual counties. but the com bined w isdom of representatives from eah county, and being familia~r with the diferent conditions, should enable youi to adopt such measures for the govrnmn of the several courties a ~il be *economnicai, efficient, and just. 'The cot of the courts and the adnin istratcion oi tlie laws. the maintenance of highwayvs and bridges and the sup -ot of the penal and charitablein stitutions, are subjects in whic x there i great room for reform. While it is true that the conditions vary In the - iterenta co)untim'~ it is also true titat there could bie more uniformity in our county government law and more cornmy ir, its administration. As theI ilaw now stands almost every county in very other county, or if the law is u ,eneral, a number of counties are ex- b epted from its provisions. There n hould be more uniformity. Of course f: onditions in regard to cert.ain matters n nay be different in different counties, iut there could be more uniformity in a egard to many subjects than at pres- .1a nt. The constitution :-equires it. . Q Anything that you can do to simplify .i id unify as far as possible the county. c overnment law will be of benefit to the t: eople, and should have your efforts. 10 LOCAL LEGISLATION. a Your attention has been called to this ubject a number of ti.mes, and though . pecial legislation on certain subjects Is nhibited by the constitution, yet every 5 ession of the general assembly finds a 0 iumber of laws relating to local or I pecial subjects. Though these special C av;s have frequently been declared un- t onstitu-ional by the courts, it seems V drnost impossible to keep them off the s tatute books. In several of the r ounties the past year there have been 9 io courts on account of the uncertainty t >f the constitutonality of the jury law, V tnd the question is now before the su- C >reme court for adjudication. This law t md the laws in regard to corporations D ieed your special attention. They have n aused more trouble during the past ear than any other question with L .vhich the administration has had to t leal, and largely because of the un :ertainty as to what the law Is. Such s egislation should be carefully watched ind avoided, If possible. STATE GEOLOGIST. In accordance with an act passed at :he last session, on the 30th of April Mr. Earle Sloan of this State was ap pointed State geologist. He immediate- t y entered upon the discharge of the t iuties cf the office. In view of the 't outh Carolina Inter-State and West [nllan exposition and the advantages :o the people of the State from an ex- t ilbit of the structural minerals and lorest p-:oducts, a great portion of the 0 ttention of the State Geologist has >een directed to securing a creditable C o Ilection for exhibition. There was iot even a nucleus of a collection in C :he State. This has given the State, Jeologist very little time for thorough. xamination of the mineral properties, out has afforded a valuable preliminary, asis for more complete and systematic : work. A thorough survey of the marine phosphate beds of the State is now in progress, with a view to determining the extent and approximate value of .he State's resources in phosphate rock. C Jpon the completion of this 'examina-; tion it is the purpose of the State aeologist to undertake a systematic . ftudy of the clays and kaolins. of this tate In order to determine their manu t actured value. rhe State Geologist has responded to many demands by citizens for. an ex ert opinion In regard to the mineral, eatures of South Carolina, and much; eneral information has been furnished. ! Xf course a great deal could not bee tcomplished in a few months, but suf- t Icient has been done to demonstrate :he wisdom of the legislature in pro- r iding a State geologist and a depart :nent of geology. The State geologist teaders the State the gratuitous use of :he scientific Instruments and ap paratus In his private laboratory pro- r vided the State shall furnish him with in assistant to perform chemical r Lnalyses and assist in clerical work for t he State geological survey. This equip nent does not comprise - special ap )aratus and furnaces for making prac- c ;ical working tests of china clays, fire lays, tile clays, brick clays, and for c I t lia fire assays of 'gold ores,' etc. The uum of $1,200 '..ould afford a satisfac :o- y equipment. and the sum of $600 t ould cover a year's costs of chemicals d incidentals. These should be fur iished and the State geologist should >e given an assistant and required to ave his laboratory and office in Co C umbia. The assistant could remain in he office at Columbia and be able to C Lrswer inquiries from citizens who n:ight desire to consult this department a case the geologist were absent ona urvey or making investigations. I vould c.lso recommend that you pro- I. ride suitable funds for the publication f the results of the work bf the ~eological survey in special bulletins to e Issued from time to time in order to ford readily available information on uch subjects in response to the many nturies received. I would also suggest and recommend; he consolidation of the oflices of State ~eclogist and phosphate, Inspector, both is a matter of economy and of in-j ~reased efficiency.' The phosphate mines I ~ome properly under the department of ~eology, and the departynent of geology ~ould very probably and appropriately .ok after the phosphate Interests of the State. By this arrangement you ~ould very easily furnish an a~sistant C o the State Ceologist without an In- t ~rease of appropriations. The depart nent of geology is a very important T >ne and should receive your encourage ment. SOUTH CAROLINA INTER-STATE 1 AND WEST INDIAN EXPO SITION. At your last session you wisely made in appropriation of $50,000 for the erec :ion of a State building at the South arolina Inter-State and West Indian ~ :postion. Under the provisions of C :hat act I appointed as State commis- j ioners. Hon. Louis Appelt of Manning. apt. Thos. Wilson of Cades, Col. John ~ 3. Cleveland of Spartanburg and Capt. E'. WV. Wagener, president of thee osition company. The board of com issioners subsequently elected Mr. A. - W. Love of Chester as superintendenit I >f the Stat:e exhibit and building, and Nir. August Kohn as secretary and tuditor of the board. The commission C nade contracts for the erection of the r alace of Agriculture, and it is gratify g to state that the State building is' erhaps the handsomest on the expo Ition grounds.' The collection of the I ~xhibits, which are entirely creditable, vas largely under the pprsonal super-I sion of Superintendent Love, who orked In conjunction with the au.. horities of the exposition company. The exposition is a decided success, Ld reilects credit upon the State and ipon the south. The great purpose for chich it was undertaken, the bringing if our owvn people into closer touch, en arging our trade relations with the I atin States, and displaying to the y ole world the resources and advan. a es of this State and of tile south, mder the excellent management which I as the exposition In charge, must and ,vill be accomplished, and South Caro- I Ia should feel a just pride in this uccess. t It is proposed, when the exposition 5 s over, to make a permanent park out. f the beautiful grounds. This would > a commendable close for the great 1 mterprise, and it would be a handsome 1 lct onl your part to tur'n over the $tate 1 ilding to the exposition company or t successors at the close of the expo- 1 ition, and such a course has my hearty 1 ipproval. TR T. fecntly the business and political ~ orlds have been startled by great I ~ombinations of capital seeking to drive I maller competing industries to the ail and to acquire complete control of C he products and supply of certain arci :les of trade which are necessaries and rhih the people must have at almost yTI price. In a great many inlstances ~ .hese com'inations have been success rl in their efforts to control the na-d ional market and the power thley ~ild is Immenise. There is nlo doubit r that it has taken business ability ofa high order thus to gain control of omodity and that without this abil- e ty it could not have been done. It is is tr~ue that the trusts, if rightly ~onducted. could he of benefit instead r Man .vil to the consumner. But as oon as a mnonop)oly is acquired the endency is to oppress, and with the; t .'(it power whir-h thctr- combinations 0 ield the oppression may becoae un aarable. This tendency has become so Larked. and the evils resulting there 'om so patent, that it has led to much Lional and State legislation on the ject, but In most instances to no vail. Combinations are still forming id those already in existence are be milng more powerful. The tendency )wards cefitralization of wealth is be >ming more marked every day. The ust Is seeking to control every line industry and capitalistic monopolies re becoming too powerful. It is only recently, however, that the -ust has invaded the borders of this tate, but at present it is act!ve in !eking to gain control of the supply those commodities in which It deals. 1 1-97 the general assembly of South arolina passed an act "to prohibit usts and combinations and to pro de penalties," and at your last ses on a joint resolution was passed di ?cting that the attorney general of the tate be "required to forthwith insti ite an investigation to determine by ,hat authority the Virginia- Carolina hemical company is doing business In ais State," and "whether said com any or any person or corporation who iay be engaged In any business with i this State has viola ted or Is vio ting the provisions of the laws of uis State prohibiting trusts and com inations," and directing him to in tute such prodeedings as might be ecessary to punish violators of said Lws against trusts and combinations. Proceeding under these instructions iven him by you, the attorney general istituted a thorough investigation to etermine whether this company is en iled to do business In this State under tese laws of the State "prohibiting rusts and combinations." A full and laborate report, showing the work he as done And his plans, will be submit d to you. In the beginning he calls ttention to the difficulties he had to ncounter. The anti-trust laws have nly recently been enacted in this untry. and especially in this State, nd are not fully developed. On the ther hand they are as yet "embryonic nd chaotic." in some parts being too weeping and in others not covering ie entire groun~d. These combinations re organized secretly, and it is a most ifficult matter to obtain definite infor iation in regard to their formation nd the purposes for which they.are rganized, and definite Information iust be had in order to begin an ac ion in the Courts. If an unlawful ombination exist "the proof of the cts tending to establish its existence locked up in the records of the par icipating corporations.". As you will ee from the attorney general's report, ifficulties of this kind are the ones at confronted him in his every move. Especial attention is called to the de ts in laws of this State regulating rporations. It has been the tendency i this State to give corporations al 1st' unlimited powers, such as the unlimited power to deal in real state," "the power to acquire and ransfer shares of stock in other cor orations," "the power to place under iortgage or deed of trust its fran hises, as well as all or any of its roperty." When a foreign corporation Dmplies with certain "provisloils and quirements," which "provisions and Nquirements" amount to little or noth ig it "shall enjoy the rights of do uestic corporations." In short, the mdency In this State has been to ve corporations the same power to arry on business which is accorded the private individual. This prin ;pe is wrong. Corporations are crea ures of the State, created by the State not as concession of a right, but as favor- bestowed." and as such crea ires the State has a right to inquire ito the affairs and methods of trans ting business, and when it is satis ed their methods are such as are not onducive to the welfare of a majority f the people, then that State which reated them has the right to put them ut of existence. Tho attorney general suggests several mendments to our existing anti-trust tws and the enactment of several new ws. He has made a thorough In estgation of this question of controll rg the trusts and his excellent report hows much study and care In Its ireparation. It is worthy your most areful and thoughtful consideration .nd my purpose is simply to direct your ttention to that report. RAILROAD COMMISSION. The annual report of the board of ailrcad commIssioners for the year ust closed is one of the most .comn lete that has been Issued from this epartent. ThIrty-nine (39) miles of Lw mileage have 'been built and pened for traffic during the year. The ommisson has had many important .nd di.fcult problems with which to eal, a''ecting both the railroads and ie people. The solution of these prob ims, as well as the condition of the allroads in the State. is fully stated u the report of the board, and your ttention is directed to this report for rformation concerning this depart lent of the State government. TATE HOSPITAL FOR THE IN SANE. The constant accumulation of the in ane n asylums has been one of the 'ost startling features in the history f the great charities of the century 2st closed, these great asylums being t once the pride of the humanitarian nd a stumbling block to the legisla ie economist. In origin our State hospital dates mong the very first. and it is now ntering upon the S0th year of its ex tence. Although unfortunately Ia ated within a city. when It should ae been long since removed to the ountry, It has fulfilled its imnportant iissionl in our commonwealth and riven shelter to over 10,000 inmates. )uring the past year the admission of 59 patients has been the largest In the listory of the institution. The growth of the hospital during the 1st quarter of a century, and especial y during the last decade has been a atter of deepest concern to all en rusted with Its administration, to the xcutive and legislative branches none he less than to the managing officers. he problem has been to provide with ue economy for all unfortunates 'ithin our borders who reguire the estraining care of an asylum, while xcluding such persons who for varn s reasons may not properly be con idered subjects for such charIty. To raw' this line justly to the afflicted nd to the taxpayer is a problem not ay of solution. A brief statistical review may serve present the numerical and financial [des of the question: Total Daily Total Per Patients Aver. Exp. Cap. 5...442S 312 $ 83,1S2 00 $210 40 98 ... 341 3!ii 84.007 00 214 04 985.. 914 .593 136.977 00 .146 34 0... 14 7541 100.744 00 131 05 3...1157 837 11332300) 116 70 10i.. ..1461 1043 127.181 ('0 102 71 301..... 1403 106S 135.316 00 103 00 The per capita is based upon the ac tal yearly expense for support and os not includle permanent inprove i(ets. From these Instructive figures appears that while the population f the institution has mocre than trebled t the total number' as well as in the ily agerage, under * care the total nual expenses have by rigid economy en kept at about the same figures. -hIle the cost per' patient has been re ueed over' one hundredi dollars. The pecific api'propritionl for support pro e' has been about $100.000u.0') for nearly 3 years. In1 his report for 10') Supt. Dabcock xpress"d th' opinion that it was dooubtful inview of the present prices I foodtl stuf 'and supplies whether the m rntac" or stupport of patients can an be met for $100.000.00. For the ext ear it is probable that the sum >tlI or thi1s item ill be above $105. dicted and the necessities of the h pital have required an average m expenditure of over $9,000.00 and opinion is now advanced by the super intendent that for the next few years the monthly expenses for support alone will average $10,000.00. In view of the figures above shown and the expenses for maintaining the insane elsewhere the question suggests itself whether a too rigid economy has not heretofore been exercised In the management of the finances of the hos pital. As to the prospect of reducing the number of admissions the board of re gents make clear in their report that their conception of the proper manage ment of their charge' lies in the direc tion of the broadest philanthropy. and charity with the greatest good to the greatest number. The regents there fore hesitate to restrict the right of ad mission of any bona fide citizen of our State who may require the asylum care,. and they are especially guarded against recommending the refusal of shelter to dependent old people, who would rightly fall to the custody of the poor houses, if these county re treats made adequate provision for the aged and helpless. That the institution is imposed upon In the forced reception of non-residents I have during the past year -had per-" sonal experience and knowledge from corresponding with officials of tWo neighboring States, who were prohlb~t-j ed by law from placing persons former ly residents of this State In their-char itable institutions. This question of "settlement," as it is technically calle4 has been referred to the general asset.. bly for some years, but no action hai been taken. It would now appear that it is a question of growing. importance and that self preservation now de mands that we restrict the right 'of admission of non residents to the hos-fr pital as has-beEn done by our nelkih . bors. The regents and superintendent call' attention to the need for the-expanslon and development of the hospital ot a. small area of land-three and a quarte6.. acres-adjoining the'present groufifs.of*' the negro building and recommend Its purchase at. about $4,000.00, -one thou sand dollars.being. paid annually iintil the whole is paid. - As the ultimate bez. efit to the hospital of this land will be great in comparison with the anhnl. appropriation asked. for, I join In the recommendation. As to the other. iinmedlate needs o the hospital,. includin a new. bailding for white women, I feg to refer you to the full reports of the"regents and su perintendent. THE STATE PENITEN'TARY. The annual report 'of this iustitut~ia will be submitted to you. The: year just closed has been a hard' one: Ob most farmers, and the State Eans have not been an exception. Especially have the State .farms suffered, as a large portion- of the land lies ontlib river and is subject. to overfloW. Vie year has been very unsatisfactory ag Iiculturally.. The oat crop ;in tie swamp lands was entirely lost. Three stands of corn were drowned 'by- 'he overflow of the - bottom landsl-, therefore, but .little- corn was enn Tghe crop on the upland was faiil good. The new prison building has b completed and adds much to the. com fort and health of the prisoners. The Institution, however, has done remarkably well and makes a good showing, even though great loss' *s sustained on account of the high waters, and evidences careful and pra dent management an the port of 'the superintendent and the bord of -dl rectors. CONVICT STATEMENT. Prisoners in confinement Dec. 31. 100.. .. .... .. .76 From courts since that time..235 - Recaptured.. .. .......... 243 1 038S Discharged.. .....-..--.178 I Pardoned.............. Escaped........... -- ...16 Killed while trying to escape.. 1 ied .... .... .... .... .. ....27 . Accidentally killed.. .. .. .. ..c.25 In prison Dec. 31, 1901...- 788 IFINANCES. Balance cash on hand Dec. 31, 1900.$ 3,933 1ll . Total receipts for 1901.. .. .... .... 70,823 48-$74,756-41 Current expenses for 1901.. .. .... .. ..47,726 46 Expended for per manent Improve ments, 1901...15,43 13 Cash In bank Dec. 31, 1901.. .. .... .11,87 02-474,756 61 In addition to this there Is alfeady earned for the year 1901. in sight anid available, $6,150 and.100 bales of cottonJ somewhat damaged and unsold. - CONCLUSION. . --- In whatever legislation you enac you should keep in mind the happinessatid proserit ofthe people of the. Staten Th prospeic otreasury "should be cr fully guarded at all times, but especlat ly at this time should you hecret and economical In appropriatingth people's money. Whatever yout undet take that looks to the uplifting a~ betterment of the people and the p. gress and development of the State wtU have my cooperation. The legislative end executive departcments should unife their best efforts to bring credit. 10 the commonwealth and to maintain -a government which will keep before the people the highest ideals of civic virtua Governor.' WE PIRINT Letter Heads, Bill Heads, Circular Letters, Posters, Legal Briefs, IPamphlets, - College Catalogues, College Magazines. We Make Blank Books. Any Size. THlE STATE COMPANY, olumbiat South Carolina.